{"id":3037,"date":"2020-05-15T11:47:38","date_gmt":"2020-05-15T11:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=3037"},"modified":"2020-07-19T09:03:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-19T09:03:00","slug":"volume-vii-issue-v","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-v\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue V"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3037\" class=\"elementor elementor-3037 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10345ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10345ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1034a5f\" data-id=\"1034a5f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1034dbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1034dbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Profitability of Cashew Nut Marketing in Oyo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>OJEDOKUN Ajibola Olajide, OGUNLEYE Kehinde Yewande and ADELOWO Idris &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 01-05<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1035245 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1035245\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1035550\" data-id=\"1035550\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10357d9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"10357d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was conducted to evaluate the profitability of cashew nut marketing in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study used primary data which was collected from a total of one hundred and twenty marketers using simple random sampling technique. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and multiple regression analytical technique. The study showed that marketing of cashew nut is productive and profitable. The study also revealed that marketing costs, selling price, purchase price, quantity of cashew nut purchased and transportation costs significantly influenced cashew nut marketing. The study thus recommended that adequate transportation should be provided by government and the existing roads should be refurbished to minimize transportation costs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OJEDOKUN Ajibola Olajide<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agriculture, Lagos State University, Epe Campus, Lagos State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OGUNLEYE Kehinde Yewande<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Osun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADELOWO Idris<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Osun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adejobi A. O., Babatunde R. O. and Idowu E. O. (2011). Weight and measurement issues in retail marketing of fresh tomatoes: evidence from Osun State. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6 (4): 20 \u2013 26<br \/>\r\n[2] Ademola A. O., Oyesola O. B. and Osewa s. O. (2012). Assessment of Shea Butter Processing among Rural Dwellers in Atisbo Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6): 01 \u2013 08<br \/>\r\n[3] Asiru WB, Komolafe AO, Akinose R (2005): Processing of cashew nut in: Raw update cocoa Rebirth of major Economic cash crop. Raw materials update. (Eds): Abdullahi, A. K, Thompson K, Omotoso O, Asanga E, Obasi S.C. Publication of the Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Abuja. 6 (1): 32.<br \/>\r\n[4] Camillus A. W. Stephen O. M., Alexander A., Lydia A. and Zu Kwame S. A. (2014). Economics of Tomato Marketing in Ashanti region, Ghana. RJOAS, 2(26): 3 \u2013 13<br \/>\r\n[5] Ezeagu, W. (2002). Assessment of the situation and Development Prospects for Cashew Nut Sector: A report on Nigerian Export Promotion Council, Abuja Nigeria (13): 1-37.<br \/>\r\n[6] Farayola C. O., Akintonde J. O., Awoyemi S. O. and Akintaro O. S. (2013). Economic Analysis of Cashew Nut Marketing among Produce Buyers in Ogbomoso Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 2(1): 130 \u2013 136<br \/>\r\n[7] Hammed, L.A and Anikwe, J.C. (2008). Cashew nuts and Production Development in Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research, 3(1):54-61.<br \/>\r\n[8] Haruna, U., Sani., M.H., Danwanka., H.A. and Adejo. (2012). Economic Analysis of Fresh Tomato Marketers in Bauchi Metropolis of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 8(3): 1 \u2013 8<br \/>\r\n[9] Idachaba, F. S. (2000). Food Policy in Nigeria. Agricultural Research Bulleting, 1:162.<br \/>\r\n[10] Lawal J. O., Oduwole O. O., Shittu T. R. and Muyiwa A. A. (2011). Profitability of Value Addition to Cashew Farming Households in Nigeria. African Crop Science Journal, 19(1): 49 \u2013 54<br \/>\r\n[11] Obayelu A. E., Arowolo A. O., Ibrahim S. B. and Croffie A. Q. (2014). Economics of Fresh Tomato Marketing in Kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 4(1): 58 \u2013 67<br \/>\r\n[12] Ogunsina B. S. and Lucas E. B. (2008). Development of a manually operated cashew juice extractor. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGRE Journal 3(2).<br \/>\r\n[13] Okon, A. (2016). Nigeria Cashew nut production to increase by 30%. A Report of the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC). Punch Newspaper, July 22, 2016. www.http:\/\/Punchng.com<br \/>\r\n[14] Oladejo, J.A. (2015). Profitability and structural analysis of cashew nut market in Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research 3 (3), pp. 114-221.<br \/>\r\n[15] Salau S. A., Popoola G. O. and Nofiu B. N. (2017). Analysis of Cashew Nuts Marketing in Kwara State, Nigeria. FUOYE Journal of Agriculture and Human Ecology, 1(1): 34 \u2013 44<br \/>\r\n[16] Senchi A. A. and Yakubu A. A. (2014). Assessment of Processors and Marketers of Shea Butter (Vitellariaparadoxa C. F. Gaertn.) in Zuru Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria. JFEWR<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">OJEDOKUN Ajibola Olajide, OGUNLEYE Kehinde Yewande and ADELOWO Idris &#8220;Profitability of Cashew Nut Marketing in Oyo State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.01-05 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/01-05.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/01-05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/profitability-of-cashew-nut-marketing-in-oyo-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Profitability of Cashew Nut Marketing in Oyo State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1036763 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1036763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element elementor-element-103785d\" data-id=\"103785d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103799e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103799e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1037a5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1037a5c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1037bbe\" data-id=\"1037bbe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1037cd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1037cd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1037d74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1037d74\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1037ec9\" data-id=\"1037ec9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1037fde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1037fde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103807e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103807e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10381cb\" data-id=\"10381cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10382cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10382cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1038372 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1038372\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10384be\" data-id=\"10384be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10385c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10385c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103865a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103865a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10387a2\" data-id=\"10387a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10388a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10388a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1038942 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1038942\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1038aa1\" data-id=\"1038aa1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1038bb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1038bb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Beverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A Review: Part VIII<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ashraf Elfasakhany &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 06-15<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1038c5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1038c5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1038e01\" data-id=\"1038e01\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1038f65 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1038f65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study is very useful for inventors to get information about early patents. A review study for patents of CAN crusher machines is presented in this paper within the period between 1981 and 1984. The study covered about forty-eight patents. A summary of each patent is presented in a very brief way. However, details about each patent could be presented in a separate study. This study is the first step for any inventor towards new invention.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 06-15\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ashraf Elfasakhany <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor, Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, PO Box 888, Taif, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. L. Tao, N. Berge, A. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, \u201cExperimental and Numerical Studies of A Pulverised Wood Flame\u201d, 6th Europ. Conf. on Industrial Furnaces and Boilers, Portugal, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[2]. A. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, \u201cSimulation of Wood Powder Flames in a Vertical Furnace\u201d 3rd Medit. Combustion Symposium, Marrakech, p. 144, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[3]. A. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, B. Espenas, L. Tao, J. Larfeldt, \u201cEffect of Moisture and Volatile Releases on Motion of Pulverised Wood Particles\u201d, 7th Int. Conf. on Energy for a Clean Environment, Lisbon, Portugal, p. 167, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[4]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Modeling of Pulverised Wood Flames&#8221;, PhD Thesis, fluid mechanics dept., Lund, Sweden, ISBN-13\/EAN: 9789162864255, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[5]. A. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, \u201cModeling of Pulverised Wood Combustion: A Comparison of Different Models\u201d, Prog. Comp. Fluid Dynamics (PCFD), Vol. 6, No. 4\/5, p. 188\u2013199, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[6]. A. Elfasakhany, T. Klason ,X.S. Bai, \u201cModeling of Pulverised Wood Combustion Using a Functional Group Model\u201d, Combustion Theory and Modeling, Vol. 12, 5, 883\u2013904, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[7]. A. Elfasakhany, E.Y. Rezola, K.B. Qui\u00f1ones, R.S. S\u00e1nc, &#8220;Design and Development of a Competitive Low-cost Robot Arm with Four Degrees of Freedom&#8221;, Modern Mechanical Eng, vol. 1, 47\u201355, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[8]. A. Elfasakhany, J. Hern\u00e1ndez, J. C. Garc\u00eda, M. Reyes, F. Martell, &#8220;Design and Development of House-Mobile Security System&#8221;, Engineering, vol. 3, 1213\u20131224, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[9]. A. Elfasakhany, A. Arrieta, D. M. Ram\u00edrez, F. Rodr\u00edguez, &#8220;Design and Development of an Autonomous Trash Sorting System&#8221;. Global J. of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tech., vol. 01i3, 56\u201364, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[10]. A. Elfasakhany, L. Tao, B. Espenas, J. Larfeldt, X.S. Bai &#8220;Pulverised Wood Combustion in a Vertical Furnace: Experimental and Computational Analyses&#8221; International Conference of Applied Energy, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[11]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Improving Performance and Development of Two-Stage Reciprocating Compressors&#8221; Int. J. of Advanced Research in Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, Issue 2, 119\u2013136, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[12]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Modeling of Secondary Reactions of Tar (SRT) Using a Functional Group Model&#8221; Int. J. of Mech. Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, Issue 3, 123\u2013136, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[13]. A. Elfasakhany, J. A. Alarc\u00f3n, D. O. S. Montes &#8221; Design and Development of an Automotive Vertical Doors Opening System (AVDOS)&#8221; Int. J. of Advanced Research in Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, 176\u2013186, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Ashraf Elfasakhany, Jaime Luis Jim\u00e9nez, Iv\u00e1n Arturo Renter\u00eda, Juan Manuel Rubio, Wilians Damian Ricardez &#8220;Design, Development, Testing and Validation of an Automower Machine&#8221; Int. J. of Applied Mechanics and Physics, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1\u201315, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[15]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Investigation on performance and emissions characteristics of an internal combustion engine fuelled with petroleum gasoline and a hybrid methanol\u2013gasoline fuel&#8221; Int. J. of Eng. Tech. (IJET-IJENS) Vol.13 No:05, 24\u201343, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[16]. A. Elfasakhany, L. Tao, B. Espenas, J. Larfeldt, X.S. Bai &#8220;Pulverised Wood Combustion in a Vertical Furnace: Experimental and Computational Analyses&#8221; Applied Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 112, 454\u2013464, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[17]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;The Effects of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Performance and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engines&#8221; Int. J. of Automotive Eng., Vol. 4, No. 1, 608\u2013620, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[18]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Experimental study on emissions and performance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and gasoline\/n-butanol blends&#8221; Energy Conversion Manage, Vol. 88, 277\u2013283, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[19]. A. Elfasakhany, L.X. Tao, X.S. Bai &#8220;Transport of pulverized wood particles in turbulent flow: numerical and experimental studies&#8221; Energy Procedia, Vol. 61, 1540\u20131543, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[20]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Experimental investigation on SI engine using gasoline and a hybrid iso-butanol\/gasoline fuel&#8221; Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 95, 398\u2013405, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[21]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Investigations on the effects of ethanol-methanol-gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine: performance and emissions analysis&#8221; Engineering Science Technology, Vol. 18, 713\u2013719, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[22]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Experimental study of dual n-butanol and iso-butanol additives on spark-ignition engine performance and emissions&#8221; Fuel, Vol. 163, 166\u2013174, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[23]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Performance and emissions analysis on using acetone\u2013gasoline fuel blends in spark ignition engine&#8221; Engineering Science Technology, Elsevier, Vol. 19, 1224\u20131232, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[24]. A. Elfasakhany, T. K. Kassem, A.-F. Mahrous, K. K. Matrawy &#8221; Study of heat storage using of PCM in solar distiller&#8221; WULFENIA, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 23, No. 5, 19\u201331, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[25]. A. Elfasakhany, A.-F. Mahrous &#8220;Performance and emissions assessment of n-butanol\u2013methanol\u2013gasoline blends as a fuel in spark-ignition engines&#8221; Alexandria Engineering J., Vol. 55, 3015\u20133024, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[26]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Performance assessment and productivity of a simple-type solar still integrated with nanocomposite energy storage system&#8221; Applied Energy, Vol. 183, 399\u2013407, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[27]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Engine performance evaluation and pollutant emissions analysis using ternary bio-ethanol\u2013iso-butanol\u2013gasoline blends in gasoline engines&#8221; Cleaner Production, Vol. 139, 1057\u20131067, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[28]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Performance and emissions of spark-ignition engine using ethanol\u2013methanol\u2013gasoline, n-butanol\u2013iso-butanol\u2013gasoline and iso-butanol\u2013ethanol\u2013gasoline blends: a comparative study&#8221; Engineering Science Technology, Vol. 19, 2053\u20132059, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[29]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol\u2013, iso-butanol\u2013, ethanol\u2013, methanol\u2013, and acetone\u2013gasoline blends: a comparative study&#8221; Renewable &amp; Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 71, 404\u2013413, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[30]. A. Elfasakhany &#8221; Design, analysis and optimization of the tail bearing housing of jet engine&#8221; J. Advances in Vehicle Engineering, Canada, Vol. 3, 99\u2013111. 2017.<br \/>\r\n[31]. A. Elfasakhany &#8221; Reducing automobile pollutant emissions and re\u2212using some of such emissions as a fuel&#8221; Ci\u00eancia e T\u00e9cnica J., Portugal, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 32, Issue 11, 160\u2013176, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[32]. M. M. Bassuoni, A. Elfasakhany, K. K. Matrawy, A-F. Mahrous &#8220;Applying a hybrid air conditioning system for reducing energy consumption inside buildings using a desiccant cycle regenerated with solar energy&#8221; Ci\u00eancia e T\u00e9cnica J., Portugal, Vol. 33, Issue 2, 54\u201370, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[33]. A. Elfasakhany &#8221; Exhaust emissions and performance of ternary iso-butanol\u2013bio-methanol\u2013gasoline and n-butanol\u2013bio-ethanol\u2013gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engines: assessment and comparison&#8221; Energy, Vol. 158, 830\u2013844, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[34]. Kh. Abdel-Aziz, Abo El-Nasr A. A., A. Elfasakhany, D. Saber, and M. Helal &#8220;Influence of casting mould wall thickness on the properties and microstructure of A356 alloy reinforced with micro\/nanoalumina particles&#8221; Arctic Journal, Canada, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 71, 26\u201339, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[35]. A. Elfasakhany, \u201cPowder biomass fast pyrolysis as in combustion conditions: Numerical prediction and validation\u201d, Renewable Energy Focus, Vol. 27, 78-87, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[36]. A. Elfasakhany, M. M. Bassuoni, B. Saleh, M. Alsehli, Ayman A. Aly \u201cBiomass powder as a renewable fuel for internal combustion engines\u201d Arctic Journal, Canada, Vol. 71, 42\u201352, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[37]. A. Elfasakhany, X. S. Bai, \u201cNumerical and experimental studies of irregular-shape biomass particle motions in turbulent flows\u201d, Engineering Science Technology, Vol. 22, 249\u2013265, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[38]. B. Saleh, Ayman A. Aly, M. M. Bassuoni, M. Alsehli, A. Elfasakhany, Khaled I.E. Ahmed \u201cPerformance assessment of an integrated desiccant air conditioning system powered by solar energy using back propagation artificial neural network\u201d Arctic Journal, Canada, Vol. 72, issue 3, 1\u201318, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[39]. A. Elfasakhany \u201cAdjustable throat-area expansion valves used in automotive air conditioning systems: A mini review\u201d International J. of Automotive Eng., Vol. 9, No. 1, 2868-2875, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[40]. A. Elfasakhany \u201cTire pressure checking framework: a review study\u201d Reliability Engineering and Resilience, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 12\u201328, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[41]. AA Aly, B Saleh, MM Bassuoni, M Alsehli, A Elfasakhany, KIE Ahmed \u201cArtificial neural network model for performance evaluation of an integrated desiccant air conditioning system activated by solar energy\u201d AIMS Energy, 7(3): 395\u2013412, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[42]. B Saleh, AA Aly, M Alsehli, MM Bassuoni, A Elfasakhany \u201cPerformance investigation of a solar-driven ejector refrigeration cycle\u201d World Journal of Engineering, 16\/5 (2019) 625\u2013635, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[43]. A. Elfasakhany \u201cHow Evaporator of Automotive Air Conditioner is Modelled? A Systematic Review\u201d Applications of Modeling and Simulation (AMS), VOL 4(1), 64\u201370, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[44]. M. Alsehli, B. Saleh, A. Elfasakhany, Ayman A. Aly and M. M. Bassuoni \u201cExperimental study of a novel solar multi-effect distillation unit using alternate storage tanks\u201d Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, In press, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[45]. Ashraf Elfasakhany, Mishal Alsehli, Bahaa Saleh, Ayman A. Aly, Mohamed Bassuoni \u201cRenewable Pulverized Biomass Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines\u201d Processes, Vol. 8 (4), 465, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[46]. Ashraf Elfasakhany \u201cGasoline engine fueled with bioethanol-bio-acetone-gasoline blends: Performance and emissions exploration\u201d Fuel, Vol. 274, 117825, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[47]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Alcohols as Fuels in Spark Ignition Engines: Second Blended Generation&#8221; Germany, ISBN: 978-3-659-97691-9, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[48]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Benefits and drawbacks on the use biofuels in spark ignition engines&#8221; Mauritius, ISBN: 978-620-2-05720-2, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[49]. A. Elfasakhany, J. Marquez, E.Y. Rezola, J. Benitez &#8220;Design and Development of an Economic Autonomous Beverage Cans Crusher&#8221; Int. J. of Mech. Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 107\u2013122, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[50]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;A new Patent of Beverage Cans Crusher Machine\u201d Current Alternative Energy, Vol. 2, pp. 123\u2013131, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[51]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review: Part I&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 62\u201369, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[52]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part II)\u201d, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.7, No. 2, pp. 76\u201382, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[53]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review Part (III)&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1\u20137, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[54]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part IV)&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 11\u201317, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[55]. A. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part V)&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 31\u201338, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[56]. A. Elfasakhany \u201cBeverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A Review: Part VI\u201d Journal of Environmental and Soil Sciences, 4(3): 511\u2013518, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[57]. A. Elfasakhany, Beverage cans crusher machine, Patent number: 4610, Jan 10, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[58]. Ashraf Elfasakhany \u201cBeverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A Review: Part VII\u201d International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), Volume VII, Issue IV, 239\u2013247, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[59]. D. H. Daugherty, Can compacter, Patent number: 4489649, December 25, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[60]. A. J. Ostren, Aluminum\/steel can separator and baler, Patent number: 4483248, November 20, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[61]. P. J. Sullivan, R. J. White, L. M. Bigley, Apparatus for crushing metal containers and associated method, Patent number: 4483246, November 20, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[62]. A. Gianelo, Method and apparatus for compacting containers, Patent number: 4475449, October 9, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[63]. R. F. Lonze, Aluminum can compressor device, Patent number: 4474108, October 2, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[64]. R. C. Thomas, Can crusher, Patent number: 4463670, August 7, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[65]. C. D. Cound, Joseph A. Vivona, Aerosol can evacuator and compactor, Patent number: 4459906, July 17, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[66]. R. C. Wilson, Can crusher, Patent number: 4459905, July 17, 1984.<br \/>\r\n[67]. Can compactor, Inventor: Anthony H. Sierk, Patent number: 4459908, July 17, 1984<br \/>\r\n[68]. Can crusher, Inventor: Paul J. Robbins, Patent number: 4453459, June 12, 1984<br \/>\r\n[69]. Method and apparatus for sorting, counting and flattening cans, Inventors: Melvin L. Pyne, Robert B. Allsup, Patent number: 4445430, May 1, 1984<br \/>\r\n[70]. Can crushing machine, Inventor: James T. Newman, Patent number: 4444100, April 24, 1984<br \/>\r\n[71]. Can crushing apparatus, Inventor: John R. Bailey, Patent number: 4442768, April 17, 1984<br \/>\r\n[72]. System and method for selecting and segregating containers, Inventors: David M. Ryan, Paul A. Simmons, Patent number: 4443697, April 17, 1984<br \/>\r\n[73]. Empty can crusher, Inventors: Yoshinobu Imamura, Shigeki Kamei, Tetuo Yamagata, Hiroshi Fujii, Patent number: 4436026, March 13, 1984<br \/>\r\n[74]. Can flattener, Inventor: Jim M. Swendeman, Patent number: 4432279, February 21, 1984<br \/>\r\n[75]. Can crushing apparatus, Inventor: Walter J. Skipworth, Patent number: 4432278, February 21, 1984<br \/>\r\n[76]. Method and apparatus for separating a lid from a container, Inventor: Charles N. Ruth, Patent number: 4418460, December 6, 1983<br \/>\r\n[77]. Bottle saw system, Inventor: Charles W. Burns, Jr., Patent number: 4418594, December 6, 1983<br \/>\r\n[78]. Can crusher, Inventor: Henry C. Engelke, Patent number: 4417512, November 29, 1983<br \/>\r\n[79]. Crushing apparatus, Inventor: Donald G. Kitzman, Patent number: 4414891, November 15, 1983<br \/>\r\n[80]. Can crushing device, Inventors: Delmar K. Toburen, Dennis L. Toburen, Steven R. Toburen, Patent number: 4403545, September 13, 1983<br \/>\r\n[81]. Machine for converting returnable cans into metal ingots, Inventor: Larry P. Prater, Patent number: 4398456, August 16, 1983<br \/>\r\n[82]. Can crusher, Inventor: Richard D. Lowe, Patent number: 4394834, July 26, 1983<br \/>\r\n[83]. Aluminum can compactor, Inventors: Albert Accettura, Wanda J. Accettura, Patent number: 4393765, July 19, 1983<br \/>\r\n[84]. Container crushing device, Inventor: Leonard B. Baird, Patent number: 4387637, June 14, 1983<br \/>\r\n[85]. O. K. Jerden, Can crimping and folding device, Patent number: 4383480, May 17, 1983.<br \/>\r\n[86]. J. J. Grevich, Crusher and separator for cans and bottles, Patent number: 4373435, February 15, 1983.<br \/>\r\n[87]. H. E. Dailey, Can folding and flattening device, Patent number: 4369699, January 25, 1983.<br \/>\r\n[88]. J. D. Talley, Can flattener, Patent number: 4358994, November 16, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[89]. J. A. Ballo, C. F. Constable, Apparatus for crushing articles, Patent number: 4358995, November 16, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[90]. N. Goldsmith, J. W. Perrucci, Portable can crushing apparatus., Patent number: 4345520, August 24, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[91]. B. H. De-Woolfson, Container collection apparatus with electromagnetic sensor and method, , Patent number: 4345679, August 24, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[92]. M. C. Sabino, Vertical can crusher, Patent number: 4345519, August 24, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[93]. J. B. Cash, P. K. Ludwig, Can crusher, Patent number: 4345518, August 24, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[94]. D. Tanner, G. Spector, Can crusher, Patent number: 4334469, June 15, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[95]. R. D. Longnecker, Two-stage can crusher, Patent number: 4333396, June 8, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[96]. E. E. Modes, Can flattening device, Patent number: 4333397, June 8, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[97]. G. W. Kurtz, Container crushing device, Patent number: 4333395, June 8, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[98]. G. A. Sather, Can crushing apparatus, Patent number: 4326457, April 27, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[99]. B. H. De woolfson, Apparatus for collection of metallic containers and method therefor, Patent number: 4324325, April 13, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[100]. J. E. Voigt, Article crushing device, Patent number: 4323009, April 6, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[101]. C. M. Davis, Compact can crusher, Patent number: 4316410, February 23, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[102]. C. J. Balbo, L. F. Bruhn, C. E. Bruhn, Can crusher, Patent number: 4301722, November 24, 1981.<br \/>\r\n[103]. A. F. Lidik, R. E. Talley, Can crusher, Patent number: 4296683, October 27, 1981.<br \/>\r\n[104]. J. D. Shelley, Aluminum can crusher, Patent number: 4292891, October 6, 1981.<br \/>\r\n[105]. W. R. Heiser, E. A. Acey, Method and apparatus for folding and crushing empty cylindrical cans, Patent number: 4291618, September 29, 1981.<br \/>\r\n[106]. J. W. Cahill, Container redemption apparatus and process, Patent number: 4285426, August 25, 1981.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ashraf Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A Review: Part VIII&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.06-15 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/06-15.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103a782\" data-id=\"103a782\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103a896 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103a896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103a931 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103a931\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103aa82\" data-id=\"103aa82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103ab8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103ab8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103ac2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103ac2b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103ad70\" data-id=\"103ad70\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103ae7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103ae7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103af15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103af15\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103b05e\" data-id=\"103b05e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103b15c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103b15c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103b1f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103b1f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103b367\" data-id=\"103b367\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103b470 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103b470\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reference Interval for Body Mass Index, And Vital Signs for Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults and Geriatric Population of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Richard M Gitimu , Joseph K Gikunju, Stanley K Waithaka, and Eliud NM Njagi &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 16-24<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103b509 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103b509\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103b682\" data-id=\"103b682\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103b7b4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"103b7b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Vital signs including temperature, pulse and respiratory rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, pain, level of consciousness and urine output are used to assess changes in a patient\u2019s condition, and early signs of clinical deterioration so that treatment can be initiated to correct the associated disease. They are affected by factors such as age, sex, dietary habits, lifestyle, geographical location, socioeconomic status, health status, medications, ethnicity, genetics, and environment. The aim of this study was to establish 95% reference intervals for three vital signs for Taita-Taveta County Kenyan population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Moi Subcounty Hospital, Taita-Taveta County, Voi, Kenya between May 2015 and December 2017 and involved 191 males and 317 females for vital signs study, and 125 males and 127 females for BMI study. The age of the referents population was 1-95 years. Vital signs were measured using automatic Mindray monitor and BMI was measured by weighing (kg) each referent individual and taking their height (in metres). Reference intervals were developed using EP28A3c guidelines. Mann-Whitney U test was used to develop reference intervals between males and females, and ANOVA and post-ANOVA test was used to compare the effect of age. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The developed reference intervals for BMI and the vital signs for Taita-Taveta County Kenyan population were different from those reported in medical literature; thus supporting the need for every clinical chemistry laboratory to develop their own reference intervals using their own population.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 16-24\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Richard M Gitimu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844 00100, Nairobi, Kenya<br \/>\r\nDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Taita Taveta University, P.O Box 635-80300 Voi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph K Gikunju<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00100 Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul, N.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Lagos State Polytechnic, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stanley K Waithaka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical laboratory Sciences, Mount Kenya University, P.O Box 342-01000 Thika, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eliud NM Njagi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844 00100, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Buffa, R., Floris, G.U., Putzu, P.F. &amp; Marini, E. (2011). Body composition variations in ageing. Collegium Antropologicum, 35 (1): 259-265<br \/>\r\n[2] Dennis, A.T. &amp; Hardy, L. 2016). Defining a reference range for vital signs in healthy term pregnant women undergoing caesarean section. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 44 (6), 752-757<br \/>\r\n[3] Elliott, M. &amp; Coventry, A. (2012). Critical care: The eight vital signs of patient monitoring. British Journal of Nursing, 21 (10), 621-625.<br \/>\r\n[4] Foppa, M., Arora, G., Gona, P., Ashrafi, A., Salton, C.J., Yeon, S.B., Blease, S.J., Levy, D., O\u2019Donnell, C.J., Manning, W.J. &amp; Chuang, M.L. (2016). Right ventricular volumes and systolic function by cardiac magnetic resonance and the impact of sex, age, and obesity in a longitudinally followed cohort free of pulmonary and cardiovascular disease: The Framingham heart study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, 9: e003810. DOI: 10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING. 115.003810.<br \/>\r\n[5] Gary, L. &amp; Horowitz, M.D. (2010). CLSI EP28-A3C: Defining, establishing, and verifying reference intervals in the Clinical Laboratory, 3rd Edition.<br \/>\r\n[6] Geneva, I.I., Cuzzo, B., Fazili, T. &amp; J. Waleed (2019). Normal body temperature: A systematic review. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 6(4), doi: 10.1093\/ofid\/ofz032.<br \/>\r\n[7] Gould, B.A., Hornung, R.S., Altman, D.G. &amp; Raftery, E.B. (1985). Is the blood pressure the same in both arms? Clinical Cardiology, 8: 423-426.<br \/>\r\n[8] Gould, B.A., Kieso, H.A., Hornung. R., Altman, D.G., Cashman, P.M. &amp; Raftery, E.B. (1982). Assessment of the accuracy and role of home blood pressures in the management of hypertension. British Medical Journal, 285: 1691-1694.<br \/>\r\n[9] Gunes, \u00dc.I.Y. &amp; A. Zaybak (2008). Does the body temperature change in older people? Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 2284-2287.<br \/>\r\n[10] Hasan, R., Adhi, M., Mahmood, S.F., Noman, F., Awan, S., Akhtar, F., Naqvi A., &amp; A.H. Rizvi (2010). Range for normal body temperature in hemodialysis patients and its comparison with that of healthy individuals. Nephron Clinical Practice, 114, c303-c308.<br \/>\r\n[11] Kawut, S.M., Lima, J.A., Barr, R.G., Chahal, H., Jain, A., Tandri, H., Praestgaard, A., Bagiella, E., Kizer, J.R., Johnson, W.C., Kronmal, R.A. &amp; Bluemke, D.A. (2011). Sex and race differences in right ventricular structure and function: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis-right ventricle study. Circulation, 123: 2542-2551.<br \/>\r\n[12] King, E., Walsh, S. &amp; Cobbin, D (2006). The testing of classical pulse concepts in Chinese Medicine: Left- and right-hand pulse strength discrepancy between males and females and its clinical implications. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12 (5): 445-450<br \/>\r\n[13] Marui, S., Misawa, A., Tanaka, Y. &amp; K. Nagashima (2017). 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Effects of age on energy balance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68 (suppl): 975S-979S.<br \/>\r\n[18] Shimokata, H., Tobin, J.D., Muller, D.C., Elahi, D., Coon, P.J. &amp; Andres, R. (1989). Studies in the distribution of body fat: I. Effects of age, sex, and obesity. Journal of Gerontology, 44 (2): M66-M73.<br \/>\r\n[19] Silawat, N., Savalia, J.K. &amp; Patel, D. (2009). Comparative study of impact of age on physiological variables, body composition and blood cholesterol in selected physical education professionals. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 5 (1): 62-66.<br \/>\r\n[20] Singer, A.J. &amp; Hollander, J.E. (1996). Blood pressure: Assessment of interarm differences. Archives of Internal Medicine, 156 (17): 2005-2008.<br \/>\r\n[21] Sund-Levander, M., Grodzinsky, E., Loyd, D. &amp; Wahren, L.K. (2004). Errors in body temperature assessment related to individual variation, measuring technique and equipment. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 10: 216-223.<br \/>\r\n[22] Taylor, C.R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P. &amp; Lynn, P. (2011). Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care; Walters Kluwer Health; Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo; 7th edition. pp: 514-557 &amp; 1347-1413.<br \/>\r\n[23] Thomas, K.A., Burr, R. and S-Y. Wang (2004). Axillary and thoracic skin temperatures poorly comparable to core body temperature circadian rhythm: Results from 2 adult populations. Biological Research for Nursing, 5, 187-194.<br \/>\r\n[24] Y\u00fcksel, R., Arslan, M. &amp; Dane, S. (2014). Heart rate variability differs between right and left-handed individuals. Perceptual and Motor Skills: Physical Development and Measurement, 118 (3): 890-896.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Richard M Gitimu , Joseph K Gikunju, Stanley K Waithaka, and Eliud NM Njagi &#8220;Reference Interval for Body Mass Index, And Vital Signs for Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults and Geriatric Population of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp. 16-24 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/16-24.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/16-24.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/reference-interval-for-body-mass-index-and-vital-signs-for-infants-children-adolescents-adults-and-geriatric-population-of-taita-taveta-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Reference Interval for Body Mass Index, And Vital Signs for Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults and Geriatric Population of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103c57d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"103c57d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103ca34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103ca34\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103cbbb\" data-id=\"103cbbb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103ccd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103ccd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103cd6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103cd6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103cec3\" data-id=\"103cec3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103cfcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103cfcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103d065 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103d065\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103d1af\" data-id=\"103d1af\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103d2b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103d2b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103d351 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103d351\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103d490\" data-id=\"103d490\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103d5a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103d5a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103d63b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103d63b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103d782\" data-id=\"103d782\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103d886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103d886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103d91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103d91d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103da8e\" data-id=\"103da8e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103db9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103db9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Administration in Promoting Responsibility and Values for Employees in the Social Sector in Jeddah: A Pilot Study<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Saad Saeed Attia Al-Zahrani, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 25-32<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103dc32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103dc32\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103dda2\" data-id=\"103dda2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103ded4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"103ded4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Social work has evolved over the years creating a need for the organizations to adjust their operations in order to mirror the changing social needs. In social work, clients have diverse needs and are often exposed to a different set of environments that must be considered when coming up with the strategies to fulfil the client&#8217;s needs. There are different components of social work with different roles and responsibilities structured in order to meet the client&#8217;s needs. In this study inspects the role of administration in promoting responsibility and values for employees in the social sector in Jeddah. Primary data was gathered using a simple random sampling technique; in view of this sampling method, questionnaires were self-managed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Out of 70 surveys that were distributed, 65 properly finished were used for the analyses performed for this examination. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programming was used to analyse the data gathered to determine the relationships between Social work administration and promoting values and responsibilities among social work employees. The outcomes uncover that all independent variables used in this study positively important in promoting values and responsibilities among social work employees. In light of these findings, implications of the study, recommendations, and proposals for future research were discussed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 25-32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Saad Saeed Attia Al-Zahrani<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. 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Tocquigny, R. (2012). When Core Values are Strategic: How the Basic Values of Procter &amp; Gamble Transformed Leadership at Fortune 500 Companies. FT Press<br \/>\r\n[31]. Tsui,M.&amp; Cheung, F. (2009). Social Work Administration Revisited: A Re-examination of Concepts, Context and Content. Research Article. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1468017308101819<br \/>\r\n[32]. Watson, L. D., &amp; Hoefer, R. (2014). Social Work Values in Human Services Administration: Implications for Social Work Education. Journal of Social Work Education, 50(4), 623\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10437797.2014.947162<br \/>\r\n[33]. Watson, L. D., &amp; Hoefer, R. A. (2016). The Joy of Social Work Administration: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Human Service Administrators\u2019 Positive Perceptions of Their Work. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(2), 178\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10437797.2016.1151273<br \/>\r\n[34]. Webber, K. C. (2018). A Qualitative Study of School Social Workers\u2019 Roles and Challenges in Dropout Prevention. Children &amp; Schools, 40(2), 82\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cs\/cdy003<br \/>\r\n[35]. Weiss, G. I. (2017). Social workers\u2019 policy engagement: A review of the literature. International Journal of Social Welfare, 26(3), 285\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijsw.12239<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Saad Saeed Attia Al-Zahrani, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi &#8220;The Role of Administration in Promoting Responsibility and Values for Employees in the Social Sector in Jeddah: A Pilot Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.25-32 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/25-32.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/25-32.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-administration-in-promoting-responsibility-and-values-for-employees-in-the-social-sector-in-jeddah-a-pilot-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Role of Administration in Promoting Responsibility and Values for Employees in the Social Sector in Jeddah: A Pilot Study<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103ecc6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"103ecc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103f0fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103f0fe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103f256\" data-id=\"103f256\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103f366 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103f366\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-103f3ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"103f3ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-103f612\" data-id=\"103f612\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103f748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103f748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10400dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10400dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1040241\" data-id=\"1040241\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104034a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104034a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Work-Based Training Techniques for Integration into Nigerian Certificate in Education Minimum Standard of Technical Education for Enhancing Job Creation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Binni, D. B (PhD), Saidu, A. H &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 33-38<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10403e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10403e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1040599\" data-id=\"1040599\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10406dc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"10406dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper identified work-based training techniques for integration into Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) minimum standard of technical education for enhancing job creation in Nigeria. Two research questions were raised to guide the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at .5 level of significant. Descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The study was carried out in North-Central, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of 172 respondents comprising of 116 colleges of education lecturers and 56 university lecturers teaching technical education. Total population sampling technique was used to select the population for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Cronbach Alpha statistical technique was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and yielded .88 and .89 coefficients. The study employed the use of mean to answer the research questions and Z-test to test the null hypotheses. Findings revealed apprenticeship, job shadowing, cooperative education among others were work-based training techniques for integration. The paper recommended that, Nigerian Council for Colleges of Education (NCCE) should facilitate the integration of work-based training techniques into the NCE minimum standard of technical education for enhancing job creation in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 33-38\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Binni, D. B (PhD) <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Building Technology Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Saidu, A. H<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electrical\/Electronics Technology Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bottoms, G. (2019).Work-based learning: How states and schools can engage employers to invest in workplace learning. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Educational Board.<br \/>\r\n[2] Chapman, L. &amp;Howkins, E. (2013) Work-based learning: Making a difference in practice.Nursing Standard 17(34), 39\u201342.<br \/>\r\n[3] Chapman, L. (2016). A student centred approach to teaching and assessing in the community. Journal of Community Nursing 20(10), 4\u20139.<br \/>\r\n[4] Choy, S. (2019).Transformational learning in the workplace.Journal of Transformative Education, 7(1), 65\u201384.<br \/>\r\n[5] Ekpenyong, L. E. (2015). Foundations of technical and vocational education: Evolution and practice. Benin: Ambik Press Limited.<br \/>\r\n[6] Farnen, K. (2009). Growth in the need for auto mechanics|chron.com.Retrieved on 14 September, 2016 from: http:\/\/work.chron.com\/growth-need-auto-mechanics-25571.html.<br \/>\r\n[7] Gatawa, B. S. M. (2009). The Politics of the School Curriculum.An Introduction. Harare: College Press.<br \/>\r\n[8] Idris, A. &amp;Rajuddin, M. R. (2019).An Assessment of Employability Skills among Technical and Vocational Education Students in Nigeria.Archives Des Science, 65(7), 392-400.<br \/>\r\n[9] Lees, D. (2002). Graduate Employability. Retrieved 5th August, 2019 from: http:\/\/www.gla.ac.uk\/employability\/docuements\/litrev.rtf<br \/>\r\n[10] Lorraine, D. P. &amp; Sewell, P. (2007). The key to Employability: Developing a practical model of graduate employability, UK Education and Training, (4), 277-289.<br \/>\r\n[11] Marc, D., Stefan, F., Peter, L., Martin, L., Ingelore, M., Charles, M., Dieter, M, Bill, M. &amp; Johannes, S. (2016). Technical education Today: International Perspectives. Munster: WaxmannVerlag.<br \/>\r\n[12] Mohammed, D. S. &amp; Ismail, S. (2014). Employability skills definitions and framework for TVET graduates\u2019 employment.Proceedings of the 1st TVEIS International Seminar on Technical and Vocational Education, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, August 25-26, pp. 682-694.<br \/>\r\n[13] National Bureau of Statistics.(2012). National manpower stock and employment generation survey 2010. Retrieved 5th January, 2020 from: www.nigerianstat.gov.ng<br \/>\r\n[14] Ndawi, O. &amp;Maravanyika, O. (2011).Curriculum and its building blocks: Concepts and processes. Gweru: Mambo Press.<br \/>\r\n[15] Oresanya, T. O., Omudewa, O. S., Kolade, T. T. and Fashedemi, A. O. (2019). Vocational education and employability: The Nigerian situation. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 3(3), 158-160.<br \/>\r\n[16] Showalter, T., &amp;Spiker, K. (2016).Promising practices in work-based learning for youth.Washington, DC: National Skills Coalition and National Youth Coalition.<br \/>\r\n[17] Tennessee Department of Education.(2016). Work-based learning implementation guide. Retrieved 12th January, 2020 from: https:\/\/www.tn.gov\/assets\/entities\/education\/attachments\/wbl_implementation_guide.pdf<br \/>\r\n[18] U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. (2017). WIOA desk reference: Work-based learning overview. Retrieved 12th January, 2020 from: https:\/\/ion.workforcegps.org\/~\/media\/WorkforceGPS\/ion\/Files\/Integrated%20Service%20Delivery\/WBL%20Factsheet%202017.pdf<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Binni, D. B (PhD), Saidu, A. H &#8220;Work-Based Training Techniques for Integration into Nigerian Certificate in Education Minimum Standard of Technical Education for Enhancing Job Creation in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.33-38 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/33-38.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/33-38.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/work-based-training-techniques-for-integration-into-nigerian-certificate-in-education-minimum-standard-of-technical-education-for-enhancing-job-creation-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Work-Based Training Techniques for Integration into Nigerian Certificate in Education Minimum Standard of Technical Education for Enhancing Job Creation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10414a8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10414a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10428ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10428ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1042989 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1042989\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1042ac6\" data-id=\"1042ac6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1042bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1042bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1042c64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1042c64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1042dce\" data-id=\"1042dce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1042ee0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1042ee0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Blended Learning on Students\u2019 Performance and Interest in Phonetics at University of Port Harcourt<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>CHUKWUEMEKA, CHINWE JOYCE, Professor C. N. Olele, Dr. L. N. Abraham- May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 39-44<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1042f88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1042f88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1043101\" data-id=\"1043101\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1043227 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1043227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study researched on the utilization of A la Carte model of blended learning on the performance and interest of two hundred (200) level college students in the department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education, and two hundred (200) level college students of English department, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two-group pretest-posttest semi experimental research design was utilized. The investigation had three (3) research questions and three (3) hypotheses. A sample size of one hundred (100) students was drawn utilizing purposive sampling process. Two (2) instruments were utilized for data collection: Questionnaire on Students&#8217; Interest in Phonetics (QOSIP) and Phonetics Performance Test (PPT). The instruments response design was in four-point Likert scale of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. A criterion mean of 2.5 was utilized to distinguish college students&#8217; interest for Phonetics through blended learning. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were utilized to address the study questions while the null hypothesis were tested utilizing Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The discoveries uncovered that A la Carte model of blended learning improved the performance and boost the interest of the students. It was thus suggested that Phonetics lecturers should blend their teaching to conquer the fear students have for Phonetics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 39-44\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>CHUKWUEMEKA, CHINWE JOYCE<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Professor C. N. Olele<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. L. N. Abraham<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2014). National policy on Education. Abuja: NERDC press.<br \/>\r\n[2] Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2014). Senior secondary education curriculum English language for SS1-3. Abuja: NERDC press. Free Recourses for Students and Teachers of English, 2014. Accessed August 11, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[3] National Examination Council (NECO) (2016). Chief examiners\u2019 reports. Research and Statistics Unit, NECO Headquarters, Minna<br \/>\r\n[4] Nwankwo, O. C. (2016). A practical guide to research writing for students of research enterprising. [Revised 6thed.]. Nigeria: University of Port Harcourt press.<br \/>\r\n[5] Marsk, &amp;Shain, (2013). British journal of education technology. Retrieved from https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com.journal.<br \/>\r\n[6] Cambridge English Dictionary (2018). Performance. Retrieved from www.http:\/\/dictionarycambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/performance.<br \/>\r\n[7] America Dictionary (2016) Phonetics. Retrieved from www.America.com\/dictionary\/phonrtics.<br \/>\r\n[8] UNESCO. (2014), Information and communication technologies in teacher education. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unesco.org.University students\u2019 academic performance. Ife Journal of Educational Studies, 7(1).<br \/>\r\n[9] West African Examination Council (2016). Chief examiners\u2019 report in English Language. Lagos: WAEC.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">CHUKWUEMEKA, CHINWE JOYCE, Professor C. N. Olele, Dr. L. N. Abraham &#8220;Blended Learning on Students\u2019 Performance and Interest in Phonetics at University of Port Harcourt&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.39-44 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/39-44.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/39-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/blended-learning-on-students-performance-and-interest-in-phonetics-at-university-of-port-harcourt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Blended Learning on Students\u2019 Performance and Interest in Phonetics at University of Port Harcourt<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1043fce elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1043fce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10440a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10440a1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1044208\" data-id=\"1044208\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1044327 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1044327\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10443c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10443c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104452f\" data-id=\"104452f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1044640 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1044640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Motivation Factors on the Job Performance: A Case Study of Dangote Cement and Lafarge Cement Companies in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Eko Oluwajuwon Toheeb, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Al Jounaidi, Maged Mustafa Al-Dubai &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 45-54<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10446ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10446ed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1044866\" data-id=\"1044866\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1044995 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1044995\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Human resources that are the backbone of catering for staff in an organization are needed by motivating the organization to prepare for a sustainable competitive advantage. Due to the highly dynamic and competitive business climate in which organizations, they need to establish strategies for recruiting and retaining the required staff, thereby motivating their employee. The development of strategies then makes the motivation to be the critical factor that is needed to create an enabling environment that aids optimal job performance of an employee in an organization. A productive workforce is the cornerstone of any organization, facilitating in a competitive environment the achievement of regulatory targets. Such methods or motivating factors are used by managers to increase employee productivity. Therefore, this research seeks to compare some of these motivation factors which include compensation, incentive, benefits, and reward on job performance in some organizations in Nigeria which are Lafarge and Dangote cement which are the most popular cement companies in Nigeria. This is study tries to determine the difference in the effect of factors (benefit, incentive, reward, compensation) on the job performance at Dangote cement and Lafarge cement. In this study, the analysis of the collected data is carried out using the Social Sciences Statistics System (SPSS). As descriptive statistics, simple statistical measures like the mean, standard deviation and average are used. The findings follow an inductive approach based on sample data. The study result shows the positive relationship between factors (benefit, incentive, reward, compensation) and job performance. The study concluded that Management should motivate consistent behaviour that adheres to motivation factors, to keep the employees working for the organization. for that purpose, motivation factors can be used to mediate the conversation among management and employees regarding the importance of the organizational problems. The study also recommended the organization should be responsible to keep pace whether their employees are performing organizational and societal duties effectively or not. it provides a way to monitor the ethical practices of employees, both within and outside the organization. further, the implementation of ethical practices should be motivated by leaders to improve employee performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 45-54\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eko Oluwajuwon Toheeb<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdoul Rahman Mhd Al Jounaidi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maged Mustafa Al-Dubai<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abbott, M. &amp; Doucouliagos, C. (2003). The efficiency of Australian universities: A data envelopment analysis. Economics of Education Review, 22 (1), 89-97.<br \/>\r\n[2] Aga, C.C., Mbah, P.C., &amp; Okafor, S.I. (2018). The Effect of Motivation on Employee Productivity, Study of Nigerian Bottling Company And 7up Company Enugu. Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Business Management, 9(5).<br \/>\r\n[3] Ajalie, S.N. (2017). Effect of Employee Motivation on Organizational Productivity (A Study of May &amp; Baker Plc, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria). Being a Master\u2019s thesis submitted to the department of business Management, College of development studies, Covenant University, Ota.<br \/>\r\n[4] Ajayi, F.M. (2016). The Impact of Compensation and Reward System on The Performance of The Nigerian Banking Industry (A Case Study of Some Selected Banks in Kebbi State). 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The Journal of Business, 49(3), 358-373.\u200f<br \/>\r\n[15] Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M.,Hopkins, L., &amp; Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European business review.\u200f<br \/>\r\n[16] Hur, J. D., &amp; Nordgren, L. F. (2016). Paying for performance: Performance incentives increase desire for the reward object. Journal of personality and social psychology, 111(3), 301.<br \/>\r\n[17] Ifrah, A.H. &amp; Fridah, S. (2017). Effect of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance of Mogadishu Al Port in Somalia. The Strategic Journal of Business &amp; Change Management, Vol. 4, Iss. 2 (6), pp 89 \u2013 97.<br \/>\r\n[18] Jackson, J. H. and Mathis, R. L (2004) Human Resource Management 10th ed. Mason Ohio. Thomson\/ SouthWestern<br \/>\r\n[19] Judy, N.N. (2017). Effects of incentives and Rewards on Employee Productivity in Small Banks in Kenya: A Case Study of First Community Bank, A Research Project Submitted to the Chandaria School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master\u2019s Degree in Business Administration (MBA)<br \/>\r\n[20] Kang, D. U., Yu, G. J., &amp; Lee, S. J. (2016). Disentangling the effects of the employee benefits on employee productivity. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 32(5), 1447-1458.<br \/>\r\n[21] Kothary, N., Patel, A. A., &amp; Shlansky-Goldberg, R. D. (2004, December). Interventional radiology: management of biliary complications of liver transplantation. In Seminars in interventional radiology (Vol. 21, No. 04, pp. 297-308). Copyright\u00a9 2004 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.<br \/>\r\n[22] Lai, H. H. (2011). The influence of compensation system design on employee satisfaction. African Journal of Business Management, 5(26), 10718.<br \/>\r\n[23] Larkin, I., Pierce, L., &amp; Gino, F. (2012). The psychological costs of pay\u2010for\u2010performance: Implications for the strategic compensation of employees. Strategic Management Journal, 33(10), 1194-1214.\u200f<br \/>\r\n[24] Lawler, E.E. and C.G. Worley, (2016). Winning support for organizational change: Designing employee reward systems that keep on working, Ivey Business Journal, pp: 15.<br \/>\r\n[25] Levitats, Z., &amp; Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2019). Emotionally Engaged Civil Servants: Toward a Multilevel Theory and Multisource Analysis in Public Administration. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 0734371X18820938.\u200f<br \/>\r\n[26] Malhotra, N., &amp; Birks, D. (2007). Marketing Research: an applied approach: 3rd European Edition. Pearson education.<br \/>\r\n[27] Ong, S and Teh H (2012). Reward System and Performance Within Malaysian Manufacturing Companies, IDOSI Publications, 1Faculty of Economics and Management, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.<br \/>\r\n[28] Sajuyigbe, A. S., Olaoye, B. O., &amp; Adeyemi, M. A. (2013). Impact of reward on employees performance in a selected manufacturing companies in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2(2), 27-32.<br \/>\r\n[29] SoonYew, J., LaiKuan, K., Zaliha, H., &amp; Kamaruzaman, J. (2008). The influence of employee benefits towards organizational commitment. Asian Social Science Journal, 4(8).<br \/>\r\n[30] Tausif, M. (2012). Influence of non-financial reward on job satisfaction: A case study of educational sector of Pakistan. Asian Journal of Management Research, 2 (2), 688- 696.<br \/>\r\n[31] Walters, T.N., Bamidele. S.A., Emmanuel, K.A., Nwanneka, C.G. and Benedict, O.I. (2019). Effect of Reward System on Employee Performance Among Selected Manufacturing Firms in The Littoral Region of Cameroon. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, Volume 18, Issue 3.<br \/>\r\n[32] Williams, J. C., Lambert, S. J., Kesavan, S., Fugiel, P. J., Ospina, L. A., Rapoport, E. D.,&amp; Adler-Milstein, S. (2018). Stable scheduling increases productivity and sales: The Stable Scheduling Study. University of California Hastings College of the Law, University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration, University of California Kenan-Flagler Business School.<br \/>\r\n[33] Wiltshire, J., Bourdage, J. S., &amp; Lee, K. (2014). Honesty-humility and perceptions of organizational politics in predicting workplace outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(2), 235-251.<br \/>\r\n[34] Yamoah, E. E. (2013). Relationship between compensation and employee productivity. Singaporean Journal of Business, Economics and Management Studies, 51(1115), 1-5.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eko Oluwajuwon Toheeb, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Al Jounaidi, Maged Mustafa Al-Dubai &#8220;The Effect of Motivation Factors on the Job Performance: A Case Study of Dangote Cement and Lafarge Cement Companies in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.45-54 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/45-54.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/45-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-motivation-factors-on-the-job-performance-a-case-study-of-dangote-cement-and-lafarge-cement-companies-in-nigeria8493\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Effect of Motivation Factors on the Job Performance: A Case Study of Dangote Cement and Lafarge Cement Companies in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1045912 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1045912\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10478b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10478b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1047a08\" data-id=\"1047a08\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1047b19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1047b19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1047bb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1047bb3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1047d0f\" data-id=\"1047d0f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1047e3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1047e3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Domestic Tourism: A Panacea for Global Disasters<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sushma Rewal Chugh &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 55-59<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1047edf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1047edf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1048053\" data-id=\"1048053\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104818e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"104818e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Disasters and pandemics have from time immemorial wreaked havoc on tourism industry worldwide. Recently tourism has been badly affected by the impact of Corona virus and the worst hit would be international tourism industry. In the wake of the threat of corona virus looming large, international tourism is bound to fall back into oblivion due to uncertainties involved. Although this pandemic has spelt disaster for tourism industry globally, domestic tourism worldwide could emerge as a ray of hope in such grim scenario. This paper is an attempt to project domestic tourism as the way forward during crises or global pandemics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 55-59\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sushma Rewal Chugh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute of Vocational (Tourism) Studies, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Archer, B.(1978). Domestic tourism as a development factor. Annals of Tourism Research, 5, 126-141.<br \/>\r\n[2] Bigano, A., Hamilton, J. M., Lau, M., Tol, R. S., &amp; Zhou, Y. (2007). A global database of domestic and international tourist numbers at national and subnational level. International journal of Tourism Research, 9(3), 147\u2013174.<br \/>\r\n[3] Bulin, D. (2015). Domestic tourism\u2013a way to Romania\u2019s travel industry recovery.<br \/>\r\n[4] Canavan, B.(2013). The Extended Role of Domestic Tourism in a Small Island: The Case of the Isle of Man. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), 340-352.<br \/>\r\n[5] Cavallo, E., Galiani, S., Noy, I., &amp; Panlano, J. (2013). Catastrophic natural disasters and economic growth. Review of economic and statistics, 95(5), 1549-1561.<br \/>\r\n[6] Crompton, J.L. (1992). Structure of vacation destination choice sets. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 420-434.<br \/>\r\n[7] Dann, G.M.(1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of tourism research, 4(4), 184-194.<br \/>\r\n[8] Djachenko, L. P. (2007). Tourism Business and Economy. Kiev: Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[9] Eberhart-Phillips J., Besser R.E., &amp;Tormey M.P. (1996). An outbreak of cholera from food served on an international aircraft. Epidemiology &amp; Infection, 116:9-13.<br \/>\r\n[10] Eijgelaar, E., Peeters, P. &amp; Piket, P. (2008). Domestic and international tourism in a globalized world; Research in progress paper presented at the international conference \u2018 Ever the twain shall meet- relating international and domestic tourism\u2019 of Research Committee RC50. International Tourism, International Sociological Association Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, November, 24-26, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[11] Faulkner, B. (2001). Towards a framework for tourism distaster management. Tourism Management, 22(2), 135-147. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0261-5177(00)00048-0<br \/>\r\n[12] Ghimire, K.B.(2001). The growth of national and regional tourism in developing countries: An Overview. In Ghimire, K. (ed.), The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries, London: Earthscan, 1-29.<br \/>\r\n[13] Gladstone, D.L., (2005). From pilgrimage to package tour; travel and tourism in the third world, Abingdon: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[14] Gunter, U. &amp; Smeral, E. (2016). The decline of tourism income elasticities in a global context. Tourism Economics, 22(3), 466-483. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5367\/te.2014.0431<br \/>\r\n[15] Hall, C. M., &amp; Lew, A. A. (2009). Understanding and managing tourism impacts: An integrated approach. Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[16] Horner, S. and Swarbrooke, J. (2005). Leisure Marketing: A Global Perspective. 1st ed. Amsterdam ; London : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Electronic books<br \/>\r\n[17] Incredible India. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.incredibleindia.org.<br \/>\r\n[18] International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, (2006). World disaster report 2005. Geneva: IFRC.<br \/>\r\n[19] Jafari, J. (1986). On Domestic Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 491-496.<br \/>\r\n[20] Jerenashvili, N. (2014). Domestic tourism in Georgia: Quantitative analysis. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 10(10).<br \/>\r\n[21] Kang, S., Kim, J. and Nicholls, S., (2014). National Tourism Policy and Spatial Patterns of Domestic Tourism in South Korea. Journal of Travel Research, DOI:10.1177\/0047287514522875.<br \/>\r\n[22] Korstanje, M.E. (2011). The fear of traveling: a new perspective for tourism and hospitality. Anatolia\u2013 An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(2), 222-233.<br \/>\r\n[23] Kruger, E. A., &amp; Douglas, A. (2015). Constraints to consumption of South Africa\u2019s national parks among the emerging domestic tourism market. Development Southern Africa, 32(3), 303\u2013319.<br \/>\r\n[24] Lovelock, C. &amp; Wirtz, J. (2007). Services marketing (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson\/Prentice Hall.<br \/>\r\n[25] Malska, M. P., Hudo, V. V., &amp; Cubuh, V. I. (2005). Tourism Business. Lviv: Open University Publication.<br \/>\r\n[26] Mangili.A., &amp;Gendreau, M.A. (2005). Transmission of infectious diseases during commercial air travel. Lancet 2005;365:989-96.<br \/>\r\n[27] Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row.<br \/>\r\n[28] Mazimhaka, J. (2007). Diversifying Rwanda\u2019s tourism industry: A role for domestic tourism. Development Southern Africa, 24(3), 491\u2013504.<br \/>\r\n[29] Mendiratta, A. (2011). Domestic Tourism: Home-Grown Growth.<br \/>\r\n[30] Middleton, Victor T. C., Fyall, A. and Morgan, M. (2009). Marketing in Travel and Tourism. 4&#8217;h edition. Butterworth-Heinemann<br \/>\r\n[31] Okello, M. M., Kenana, L., &amp; Kieti, D. (2012). 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Papers in regional sciences, 95 (S1).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sushma Rewal Chugh &#8220;Domestic Tourism: A Panacea for Global Disasters&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.55-59 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/55-59.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" 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data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104a1e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104a1e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104a282 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104a282\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104a3c1\" data-id=\"104a3c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104a4cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104a4cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104a565 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104a565\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104a6cb\" data-id=\"104a6cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104a7d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104a7d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Farmers&#8217; Cooperative Society Membership on Rural Household Livelihood Development in Oyo State<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>M.O Olojede, W.A. Rasaki, A. Adeoye, O. Amoo, A.I. Olayanju &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 60-65<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104a87e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104a87e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104aa11\" data-id=\"104aa11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104ab4d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"104ab4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined the impact of farmer\u2019s cooperative societies on livelihood development of rural households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select 240 cooperator and 120 non-cooperator farmers from each village to make three hundred and fifty- nine respondents (360). Data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis, Probit Analysis and T- test analysis. The findings revealed that 66.53% and 70.00% of the cooperators and non-cooperators respectively were male with mean age of 45 years. The study also revealed that 99.33% of the respondents were full time farmers and that farmers\u2019 cooperative was their main source of agricultural credit. Pseudo R2 value of 0.37 revealed that about 37% variation in livelihood development of cooperators of rural household in the study area are explained by the various independent variable such as age, sex, marital status, religion and household size etc. Farm size, educational level and membership of cooperative society have a positive significant effect on livelihood development of cooperators at 1%, 5% &amp; 10% level respectively. Test of mean difference between cooperators and non-cooperators in the study area showed that there is a significant difference (\u03b1 0.01) between the various socioeconomic distributions of non-cooperators and cooperators tested in the study area which implies that cooperator perform better than non-cooperator farmers in term of income, productive assets and land cultivated in the study area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 60-65\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M.O Olojede<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>W.A. Rasaki<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Adeoye<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O. Amoo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A.I. Olayanju<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] ACDI\/ VOCAL (2005). http\/\/www.acdivoca.org\/ (accessed on octomber 4, (2005).<br \/>\r\n[2] Akwabi-Ameyaw K (1997). Producer cooperative resettlement projects in Zimbabwe: Lessons from a failed agricultural development strategy. World Development 25:437-456.<br \/>\r\n[3] Akwabi-Ameyaw K (1997). Producer cooperative resettlement projects in Zimbabwe: Lessons from a failed agricultural development strategy. 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Manchester, UK: CooperativeCollege for the Department of International Development.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">M.O Olojede, W.A. Rasaki, A. Adeoye, O. Amoo, A.I. Olayanju &#8220;Impact of Farmers&#8217; Cooperative Society Membership on Rural Household Livelihood Development in Oyo State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.60-65 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/60-65.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-farmers-cooperative-society-membership-on-rural-household-livelihood-development-in-oyo-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Farmers&#8217; Cooperative Society Membership on Rural Household Livelihood Development in Oyo State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104b94a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"104b94a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104bcaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104bd56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104bd56\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104bea9\" data-id=\"104bea9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104bfba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104bfba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104c059 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104c059\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104c1a8\" data-id=\"104c1a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104c2b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104c2b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104c34f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104c34f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104c49b\" data-id=\"104c49b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104c5a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104c5a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104c67a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104c67a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104c7e1\" data-id=\"104c7e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104c8f4 elementor-widget 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104cbe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104cc7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104cc7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104cde6\" data-id=\"104cde6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104cef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104cef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Protective effect of Lyophilized Aqueous Extract of <i>Basella alba <\/i> Vegetable on Heamatological indices and selected Organs of Cyanide Induced Toxicity in Rats<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dada Abiodun O., Okareh Oladapo T., Adewumi Michael O., Ogunyemi Kayode M. &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 66-72<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104cfa1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104cfa1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104d112\" data-id=\"104d112\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104d23c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"104d23c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The protective effect of lyophilised aqueous extract of <em>Basella alba<\/em> (BA) vegetable on cyanide induced toxicity in rats was investigated. Twenty, 3weeks old male wistar strain albino rats were randomly distributed into one control and three treatment groups of five rats each; control group (no cyanide, no extract), group 2, treated with 3mg\/kg body weight cyanide (CN only), group 3, treated with 3mg\/kg body wt. cyanide and equivalent amount(3mg\/kg body wt.) of extract (CN+BA) and group 4, treated with 3mg\/kg body wt. ofextract only(BA only) were used for the investigation.Cyanide toxicity(when compared with the control) reduced food and water intake, while the food intake was improved in group 3 which was treated with equivalent concentration of cyanide and extract(CN+BA)<em>.<\/em> Biochemical analysis of\u00a0 liver enzymes showed that cyanide (CN only) damaged the liver as there was significantly elevated activity of Aspartate aminotranferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) which were considerably decreased by <em>Basella alba<\/em>. Heamatological analysis indicated a significant reduction in PCV, RBC and Hb of group treated with cyanide(CN only). The reduction effects were considerably cancelled by <em>basella alba<\/em> in the group treated with equivalent concentration of cyanide and extract(CN+BA). Lyophilized aqueous extracts of <em>Basella alba<\/em> showed good potentials as a safe antidote for cyanide toxicity when administered concominantly with sub-lethal dose of cyanide.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 66-72\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dada Abiodun O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Environmental Health Studies,College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okareh Oladapo T.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adewumi Michael O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Environmental Health Studies,College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogunyemi Kayode M.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Environmental Health Studies,College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1] AdebayoA.H. , AbolajiA. O., OpataT. K. and. AdegbenroI. K.(2010) Effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum G. on biochemical and haematological parameters of albino Wistar rats. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(14), pp. 2145-2150,<br \/>\r\n[2] Adeolu A.T and Enesi D.O (2013). Assessment of proximate, mineral, vitamin and phytochemical compositions of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) bract \u2013 an agricultural waste. International Research Journal of Plant Science. 4(7): 192-197.<br \/>\r\n[3] Alada A.R.A (2000). The haematological effect of Telfairia occidentalis diet preparation in the rat. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 3: 185-186.<br \/>\r\n[4] Alada A.R.A, Akande O.O, Ajayi F.F (2004). Effect of soya bean diet preparations on some haematological and biochemical indices in the rat. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 7(2): 71-74.<br \/>\r\n[5] Akindahunsi A.A and Salawu S.O (2005). Phytochemical screening and Nutrient composition of some selected Leafy Vegetables. Afican Journal of Biotechnology 46; 4976-501<br \/>\r\n[6] Aliyu R. Adebayo A.H, Gasting D and GarbaI.H. (2006) The effect of Ethanolic leaf extract of Commiphoraafricana(Burseraaceae) on Rat Liver and Kidney Functions. J Pharmacol. Toxicol 2; 373-379<br \/>\r\n[7] Bamidele, O.A, Akinnuga, A.M., Olorunfemi, J.O., Odetola, O.A., Oparaji, C.K. And Ezeigbo, N. (2010),Effects of aqueous extract of Basella alba leaves on haematological and biochemical parameters in albino rats. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(41), pp. 6952-6955,<br \/>\r\n[8] Baskin, S.I (2001) The Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cyanide and its Derivatives. In; Young CA, Twidwelllg, Anderson CG, Eds. Cyanide; Social, Industrial and Economic aspects. Warrendale, PA: TMS ( The Mineral, Metal and Material Society)<br \/>\r\n[9] Bolaji O.M, Olabode O.O (2011). Modulating effect of aqueous extract of Telfairiaoccidentalison induced cyanide toxicity in rats. Niger. J. physiol. Sc. 26: 185-191<br \/>\r\n[10] Bhattacharya R.(2000).Antidotes to cyanide poisoning,present status, Indian j.Pharmacol3294<br \/>\r\n[11] Bolarinwa IF, Olaniyan SA, Olatunde SJ, Ayandokun FT, Olaifa IA (2016). Effect of processing on amygdalin and cyanide contents of some Nigerian Foods. J Chem Pharm Res, 8(2): 106\u2010113.<br \/>\r\n[12] Bromley S. Seddon T. and Andrew L. (2005) Chemokine receptor CCR7 guide T.Cell exit from peripheral tissues and entry into different lymphatics. Nature Immunology (6) 895-901<br \/>\r\n[13] Celik l., Suzek H.(2008) The heamatological effect of methyl parathion in rats. J. Hazard mater; 153(3): 1117-1121<br \/>\r\n[14] Farhana S., A.F. Mohammed S. A., Muhammad R. I., Elias-Aland Jakir A. C.(2019)Effects of Aqueous Extract of Basella alba L. leaves on Blood Cell Count in Rats. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 73-78, 2019<br \/>\r\n[15] Fasuyi A.O, Aletor V.A (2005). Varietal composition and functional properties of cassava (Manihotesculenta) leaf meal and leaf protein concentrates. Pakistan j. Nutrition 4(1); 43-49<br \/>\r\n[16] Funda E. A and Sevinc A. (2018). A Review on a New Exotic Vegetable for Turkey: Malabar Spinach (Basella alba L. or Basella rubra L.). Journal of Horticulture 5;3<br \/>\r\n[17] Grubben G.J, Denton O.A (2004). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetable. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen. 4: 103-111.<br \/>\r\n[18] JohnnyC.H.U. (2015). Cyanides and Food Safety. Food Safety Focus :110th Issue, \u2013 Incident in Focus<br \/>\r\n[19] Krishna CB (2012). Anti Inflammatory Activity of Basella Alba Linn. in Albino Rats. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 02(04):87-89.<br \/>\r\n[20] Leah k Cambal, Megan R. Swanson, Quan Yuan, Andrew C. Weitz, Hui-Hua Li, Bruce R. Pitt, Linda L. Pearce, and Jim Peterson(2011).Acute, Sub-lethal Cyanide Poisoning in Mice is Ameliorated by Nitrite Alone: Complications Arising from Concomitant Administration of Nitrite and Thiosulfate as an Antidotal Combination. Chem Res Toxicol. 24(7): 1104\u20131112.<br \/>\r\n[21] Manfo FP, Nantia EA, Dechaud H, Tchana AN, Zabot MT, Pugeat M.(2014). Protective effect of basella alba and carpolobia alba extracts against maneb-induced male infertility. Pharm Biol. 52(1):97\u2013104.<br \/>\r\n[22] Mohammed HKP, Anu A, Saraswathi R, Guru PM, Chandini N (2012). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Gel of Basella alba for woundhealing activity. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 4(1):1642-1648.<br \/>\r\n[23] Nantia EA, Manfo PF, Beboy NE, Travert C, Carreau S, Monsees TK. (2017). Effect of methanol extract of basella alba l. (basellaceae) on the fecundity and testosterone level in male rats exposed to flutamide in utero. Andrologia. 44(1):38\u201345.<br \/>\r\n[24] National Institute of Nutrition. (2008). Annual book of nutrition. American Association for the Nutrition. 84-93<br \/>\r\n[25] Sagar D. and Dattatraya G. (2014). A review of taxonomy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Basella alba ( Basellaceae). J. appl Pharm. Sc. 4 (1) 153-165<br \/>\r\n[26] Soto-Blanco B, Maiorka P.C, G\u00f3rniak S.L. (2002). Effects of long-term low-dose cyanide administration to rats. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.53: 37\u2013 41.<br \/>\r\n[27] Soto-Blanco B, G\u00f3rniak S.L. (2004). Prenatal toxicity of cyanide in goats \u2014 a model for teratological studies in ruminants. Theriogenology62: 1012\u20131026.<br \/>\r\n[28] Tulsawani R.K., Debnath M. Pant S.C Kumar O. Prakash A.O, Vijayaraghavan R., Bhattacharya R. (2005). Effect of sub-acute oral cyanide administration in rats; Protective efficacy of alpha-ketoglutarate and sodium thiosulphate. Chem. Biol. Interact. 10;156(1)1-2<br \/>\r\n[29] Venkatalakshmi P, Senthamaraiselvi V (2012). Anti ulcer effect of basella alba leaf extract in aspirin induced albino rats. Ijpsr, 3(8):2539-2542.<br \/>\r\n[30] Vetter J.( 2000). Plant cyanogenic glycosides. Toxicon38: 11\u201336.<br \/>\r\n[31] Villalba J.J, Provenza F.D, Bryant J.P. (2002). Consequences of the interaction between nutrients and plant secondary metabolites on herbivore selectivity: benefits or detriments for plants? Oikos 97: 282\u2013292.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dada Abiodun O., Okareh Oladapo T., Adewumi Michael O., Ogunyemi Kayode M., &#8220;Protective effect of Lyophilized Aqueous Extract of <i>Basella alba <\/i> Vegetable on Heamatological indices and selected Organs of Cyanide Induced Toxicity in Rats&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.66-72 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/66-72.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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Rats<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104e00b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"104e00b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104f2b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104f2b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104f3fd\" data-id=\"104f3fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104f4fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104f4fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104f597 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104f597\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104f6f8\" data-id=\"104f6f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104f808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"104f808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Towards Socio-Economic Status of parents and Access to Quality Education in Secondary Schools Education in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Aliyu Malam Bala, Isah Yahaya &amp; Jibril Aliyu &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 73-76<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-104f8a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"104f8a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-104fa0b\" data-id=\"104fa0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104fb35 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"104fb35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper aims at examined the level socio-economic status of parents and quality education of children in secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis, the paper look at the conceptual clarification quality education, indicators of quality education and the term Secondary Schools education, the writers focused attention on how economic status of a family effect the level of education of a children, what strategy family with poor incomes would applied to overcome educational challenges of their children. The study shows that parents with high socio-economic status often have more success in preparing their young children for school because they typically have access to a wide range of resources to promote and support status often lack the financial, social and educational supports that characterize families with high socio economic status. Poor resources could not promote and support children development and school readiness. Parent may have in adequate skills for such activities as reading and writing likewise their children and may lack information about child hood, immunizations and nutrition. In adequate resources and limited access to available resources can negatively affect family decision regarding their children development and quality of learning.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 73-76\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aliyu Malam Bala<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nShehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isah Yahaya <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nShehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jibril Aliyu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nShehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Adams R.L (2018) Entrepreneurship Education UK. Publisher pp 22- 26<br \/>\r\n[2] Achuonyen K.A (2007) Trends in Nigeria Education innovation Port Harcourt\u2019s peer publisherpp 23-26-30<br \/>\r\n[3] Aikens N.L and Barbarin. O (2008) Socio Economic Differences in Reading trajectories the Contribution of family neighborhoods and school context. http:\/\/wwwJournals of educational psychology retrieved on 15th Dec, 2019 at 12: pm<br \/>\r\n[4] Al-Matalka FI (2014). The influence of parental socioeconomic status on their involvement at home. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science; 4(5): 146-154<br \/>\r\n[5] Ahmad I and Khan N (2012). Relationship between parental socio-economic conditions and Student\u2019s academic achievements: A case of district dir, Timergara, Pakistan. Global Advanced Research Journal of Educational Research and Review; 1(7): 137-142.<br \/>\r\n[6] Doerschuk, P, Bahrim, C. Daniel, J, and Kruger J. (2016) Closing the gaps and filling the stem Pipeline: A multidiscipline approach journals of science Education and Technology 25,685-695<br \/>\r\n[7] Farooq MS, Chaudhry AH, Shafiq M and Berhanu G (2011). Factors affecting students\u2019 quality of academic performance: a case of secondary school level. Journal of Quality and Technology Management; 7(2):1-14.<br \/>\r\n[8] Federal Ministry of Education (2014) Statistical Reports on economic status and quality Education.pp 343-349<br \/>\r\n[9] Hillemejer m.m and maczuga (2009) Risk factors for learning related to behavior problems at 24 Month of age population based estimates journals of abnormal children psychology 37,401,413<br \/>\r\n[10] Hijazi ST and Naqvi R (2006). Factors affecting students\u2019 performance: a case of private Colleges. Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology; 3 (1):1-10.<br \/>\r\n[11] Memon GR, Joubish FM and Khurram AM (2010). Impact of Parental Socio-Economic Status On Students\u2019 Educational Achievements at Secondary Schools of District Malir, Karachi. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research; 6(6): 678-687.<br \/>\r\n[12] Ogunshola, F and Adewale AM (2012). The Effects of Parental Socio-Economic Status on Academic Performance of Students in Selected Schools in Egu Lga of Kwara State,Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences; 2(7): 230-239.<br \/>\r\n[13] Olayiwola OM, Salawu O.O (2011). On statistical analysis of impact of socio economic factors On students\u2019 academic performance. IJRRAS; 8 (3): 395-399.<br \/>\r\n[14] Organisation of economic cooperation and Development (2012) indicators of education system (INES) Report, Retrieved from www.http.en.m.wikipedia.org<br \/>\r\n[15] Singh A and Singh JP (2014). The influence of socio-economic status of parents and home Environment on the study habits and academic achievement of students. Educational Research; 5(9): 348-352. DOI: http:\/dx.doi.org\/10.14303\/er.2014.202.<br \/>\r\n[16] Saifi S and Mehmood T (2011). Effects of socioeconomic status on students\u2019 achievement. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education; 1(2): 119-128<br \/>\r\n[17] United Nation Education Scientific and Cultural Organizations (2006) Education for all (EFA) Global Monitoring Report. Retrieved on 4\/4\/2018.<br \/>\r\n[18] UNICEF (2017) United Nation Individual Children Educational Foundation Reports on Quality Education in Subsahara Africa, Retrieved from www.http\/quality education .report.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aliyu Malam Bala, Isah Yahaya &amp; Jibril Aliyu &#8220;Towards Socio-Economic Status of parents and Access to Quality Education in Secondary Schools Education in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp. 73-76 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/73-76.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/73-76.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/towards-socio-economic-status-of-parents-and-access-to-quality-education-in-secondary-schools-education-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Towards Socio-Economic Status of parents and Access to Quality Education in Secondary Schools Education in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10508b8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10508b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1050981 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1050981\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1050afc\" data-id=\"1050afc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1050c1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1050c1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1050cc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1050cc0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1050e12\" data-id=\"1050e12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1050f25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1050f25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1050fc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1050fc0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1051105\" data-id=\"1051105\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1051211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1051211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10512ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10512ab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10513f4\" data-id=\"10513f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10514f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10514f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1051591 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1051591\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10516e2\" data-id=\"10516e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10517e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10517e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105187b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105187b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10519c3\" data-id=\"10519c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1051ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1051ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1051b60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1051b60\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1051c9b\" data-id=\"1051c9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1051db8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1051db8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1051e50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1051e50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1051fb1\" data-id=\"1051fb1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10520b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10520b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Direct Marketing Vs Creative Marketing: Evaluation and Analysis in Malaysia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Nur Farhana Binti Mohamed, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 77-82<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105215b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105215b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10522c4\" data-id=\"10522c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10523ed elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"10523ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Marketing is the only business function that truly engages with customers. Marketing can be divided into two type which are the direct marketing and creative marketing. Direct marketing is a database driven marketing strategy, which relies on communication with customers whilst creative marketing is the technique of building customers trust and loyalty. For this paper, it consists of five parts or chapters. The first part is introduction to the research conducted while the second part is related to the review of literature regarding direct marketing and creative marketing. The third part focuses on the research conducted through surveys by distributing questionnaires to the entrepreneurs from various type of industries in Malaysia. Meanwhile, the fourth part is pertaining on the results of the research conducted along with some discussion. The final and last part would be the conclusion and a few recommendations on the overall research. As a whole, the study regarding direct marketing and creative marketing is an interesting field to study however, there is still a challenge because knowing more about the field require more and deeper analysis on each one of it in order to gain a positive impact on building relations with clients, fulfilling their needs and demand along with having more sales.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 77-82\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nur Farhana Binti Mohamed<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Reavis Cox, Distribution in a High-Level Economy (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc 1995), p.149; Paul W. Stewart and J. Frederick Dewhurst, Does Distribution Cost Too Much? (New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1963)<br \/>\r\n[2]. E. Jerome McCarthy, Basic Marketing a managerial approach, seventh edition (Richard D. Irwin, Inc 1981)<br \/>\r\n[3]. Peter F. Drucker, Marketing and Economic Development, Journal of Marketing (January 1958), p.253<br \/>\r\n[4]. Malcolm P. McNair, Marketing and The Social Challenges of Our Times, in a new Measure of Responsibility for Marketing, ed. Keith Cox and Ben M. Enis (Chicago, American Marketing Association, 1968)<br \/>\r\n[5]. Henry L. Manheim (1977), Sociological Research: Philosophy and Methods, Dorsey Press, p.140<br \/>\r\n[6]. Ahuja Ram (2010), Research Methodology, New Delhi: Rawat Publication, p.121<br \/>\r\n[7]. Zikmund William (1988), Business Research Methods, Chicago: The Dryden Press, p.41<br \/>\r\n[8]. Polit, D.F. 7 Hungler, B.P. (1999). Nursing research: principles and methods. Phildelphia: JB Lippincott Company<br \/>\r\n[9]. https:\/\/www.dosm.gov.my<br \/>\r\n[10]. Brink, H. (1996), Fundamentals of research methodology for health care professionals. Kenwyn: Juta.<br \/>\r\n[11]. LoBiondo-Word and Haber (1998). Nursing Research: methods, critical appraisal and utilization<br \/>\r\n[12]. Baker M. (2003), The Marketing Book Fifth Edition, Buttereorth &#8211; Heinemann<br \/>\r\n[13]. Jobber. D and Lancaster. G (2009), Selling and Sales Management, 8th edition, Prentice Hall<br \/>\r\n[14]. Miglautsch. J and Bauer. C (1992), A Conceptual Definition of Direct Marketing, originally appeared in Journal of Direct Marketing, Vol. 6; March 1992<br \/>\r\n[15]. Sharma. B (2009), The Handbook of Direct Marketing<br \/>\r\n[16]. Lammer, T. et al. (2009), Payment Habits and the Adoption of Innovations, Retail Payments &#8211; Integration and innovation<br \/>\r\n[17]. Moore, A. M. (2004), Darwin and the demon: innovating within established enterprises, Harvard Business Review<br \/>\r\n[18]. Singa, M. and Warddell, D. (2014), E-Business Innovation and Change Management. USA: Idea Group Publishing<br \/>\r\n[19]. Vernon, Philip E. (1989), The Nature-Nurture Problem in Creativity. In: John A. Glover, Royce R. Running and Cecil R. Reynolds, eds., Handbook of Creativity, New York, NY: Plenum Press<br \/>\r\n[20]. Roger Sapsford and Victor Jupp (2006), Data Collection and Analysis, 2nd Edition<br \/>\r\n[21]. Peter Checkland and Sue Holwell (2007), Action Research, Its Nature and Validity.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nur Farhana Binti Mohamed, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi &#8220;Direct Marketing Vs Creative Marketing: Evaluation and Analysis in Malaysia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.77-82 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/77-82.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/77-82.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/direct-marketing-vs-creative-marketing-evaluation-and-analysis-in-malaysia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Direct Marketing Vs Creative Marketing: Evaluation and Analysis in Malaysia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10531bb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10531bb\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105341d\" data-id=\"105341d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105353e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105353e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10535de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10535de\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1053739\" data-id=\"1053739\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105383d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105383d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10538e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10538e3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1053a32\" data-id=\"1053a32\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1053b36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1053b36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1053bd0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1053bd0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1053d1b\" data-id=\"1053d1b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1053e25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1053e25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1053ebe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1053ebe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1053ffc\" data-id=\"1053ffc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1054105 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1054105\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105419e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105419e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10542e4\" data-id=\"10542e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10543e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10543e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1054483 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1054483\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10545e4\" data-id=\"10545e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10546e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10546e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Corruption Impact on Private Sector Performance in Nigeria: An Empirical Study (1999-2018)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Tonye Richard Apiri, Keneke P. Onduka &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 83-96<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105477f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105477f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1054907\" data-id=\"1054907\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1054a34 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1054a34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Corruption has long co-existed with human race. It is as old as reality and remains one of most endless socio economic vice globally both in developed and developing economies with devastating consequences. This notion has attracted scholars from different discipline to examine the subject with mixed ends. This paper tends to bridge an identified gap in existing literature by employing an econometric approach for empirical findings of the studied subject (corruption impact on private sector performance in Nigeria). The study findings reveal as evidenced from the outcome of the error correction mechanism (ECM) that: Corruption has a linear and significant impact on private sector performance in Nigeria for the period under study. Hence, the paper recommends an enlightenment programmes to be jointly design by the arms of Government (Executive, Legislative and Judiciary) in respect to conceived patterns and believes about corruption as to discourage its excessive abuse, and most importantly anchoring it on the habit of desisting from extreme wealth acquisition and the culture of get rich quick syndrome for all. The paper further recommends that, the phenomenon \u201ccorruption\u201d should be ascribed with embedded economic benefits rather than individual self-enthroned enrichment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 83-96\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tonye Richard Apiri<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBanking &amp; Finance Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Keneke P. Onduka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBanking &amp; Finance Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abimbola, A. (2007). Nigeria: Cesspits of Corruption. This Day Newspaper (Lagos) Analysis 19 June 2007<br \/>\r\n[2] Acemoglu, D., &amp;Verdier, T., (2000). The Choice BetweenMarket Failures and corruption. American Economic Review 90: 194-211.<br \/>\r\n[3] Aleges, S., Adamu, M., &amp; Muhammad, S. (2014). Effect of Corruption on Economic Development in Nigeria.Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences (GJISS), 3(3) 209-115<br \/>\r\n[4] Andvig, J., Fjelstad, O., Amundsen, I., &amp;Sissener, T.(2000). Corruption Study: A policy Oriented Survey, Report Commissioned by the Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation, NORAD, Internet Center for Corruption Research.<br \/>\r\n[5] Anokhin, S.,&amp; Schulze,W. (2009).Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Corruption.Journal of Business Venturing 24, 465-476.<br \/>\r\n[6] Aterido, R., Hallward-Driemeier, M., &amp;Pag\u00e9s,C.(2007). Investment Climate and Employment Growth: The Impact of Access to Finance, Corruption and Regulations Across firms. RES Working Paper 4559, Research Department, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC.<br \/>\r\n[7] Campos, N.,&amp; Proto,E.(2010). Corruption as a Barrier to Entry: Theory and Evidence, CEPR Discussion Paper 8061.<br \/>\r\n[8] Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Statistical Bulletin, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[9] Connor, J.,&amp;Helmers, C.(2007). Statistics on Modern Private International Cartels, 1990\u2013 2005, The American Antitrust Institute, AAI Working Paper No. 07-01.<br \/>\r\n[10] De Rosa, D., Gooroochurn, N., &amp;Gorg,H.(2010). Corruption and Productivity: Firm Level Evidence from the BEEPS Survey, Policy Research Working Paper Series 5348, World Bank<br \/>\r\n[11] Dinh, H., Mavridis,D.,&amp; Nguyen, H.(2010).The Binding Constraint on Firms Growth in Developing Countries, Policy Research Working Paper Series 5485, World Bank.<br \/>\r\n[12] Faccio, M., (2006).Politically Connected Firms.American Economic Review, 96, 369-386.<br \/>\r\n[13] Friedman, E., Johnson, S.,Kaufmann,D., &amp;Zoido-Lobaton, P. (2000).Dodging the Grabbing Hand: The Determinants of Unofficial Activity in 69 Countries.Journal of Public Economics,76, 459-493.<br \/>\r\n[14] Hellman, J., Jones,G.,&amp; Kaufman,D. (2003). Seize the State, Seize the Day: State Capture, and Influence in Transition Economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 31, 751\u201377.<br \/>\r\n[15] Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D.,&amp;Zoido-Lobat\u00f3n, P. (1999).Corruption, Public Finance and the Unofficial Economy, Policy Research Working Paper Series 2169, World Bank.<br \/>\r\n[16] Mahagaonkar, P.(2010). Money and Ideas: Four Studies on Finance, Innovation and the Business Life Cycle, Springer: New York.<br \/>\r\n[17] Rodrik, D., Subramanian A., &amp;Trebbi,F. (2004). Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration In Economic Development, Journal of Economic Growth, 9, 131-165.<br \/>\r\n[18] Seker, M.,&amp; Yang,J. (2012). How Bribery Distorts Firm Growth: Differences by Firm Attributes, Policy Research Working Paper Series 6046, World Bank.<br \/>\r\n[19] Svensson, J. (2003). Who Must Pay Bribes and How Much? Evidence From a Cross-Section of Firms. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 207\u2013230.<br \/>\r\n[20] Transparency International, (2018).Global Corruption Report 2018: Corruption and the Private Sector, Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tonye Richard Apiri, Keneke P. Onduka &#8220;Corruption Impact on Private Sector Performance in Nigeria: An Empirical Study (1999-2018)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.83-96 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/83-96.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/83-96.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/corruption-impact-on-private-sector-performance-in-nigeria-an-empirical-study-1999-2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Corruption Impact on Private Sector Performance in Nigeria: An Empirical Study (1999-2018)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10558d5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10558d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1055fe0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1055fe0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105612a\" data-id=\"105612a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105622c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105622c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10562c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10562c6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105641c\" data-id=\"105641c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1056526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1056526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10565be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10565be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1056717\" data-id=\"1056717\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105682b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105682b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Relationship Between Pro-Environmental Awareness and Behavior of Local People in Developing Community-Based Tourism: A Case in The Mekong Delta, Vietnam<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nguyen Quoc Nghi, Bui Van Trinh &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 97-100<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10568c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10568c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1056a3e\" data-id=\"1056a3e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1056b63 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1056b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The objective of the study is to demonstrate the relationship between the local people\u2019s pro-environmental awareness and behavior in developing community-based tourism in the Mekong Delta. The data were collected from 210 local people involved in developing community-based tourism in Can Tho City, An Giang Province, Dong Thap Province, and Tien Giang Province. The structural equation modeling (SEM)was applied.The study has proved that environmental education and environmental management positively influence pro-environmental awareness of local people. Also, the study has shown a positive relationship between the pro-environmental awareness and behavior of local people towards the development of community-based tourism in the Mekong Delta.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 97-100\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nguyen Quoc Nghi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Economics, Can Tho University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bui Van Trinh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Economics, Can Tho University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAnderson, J. C., &#038; Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBamberg, S., &#038; M\u00f6ser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of environmental psychology, 27(1), 14-25.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBentler, P. M., &#038; Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tCarmines, E. G., &#038; McIver, J. P. (1981). Analyzing Models with Unobserved Variables: Analysis of Covariance Structures. In G. W. Bohrnstedt, &#038; E. F. Borgatta (Eds.). Social Measurement: Current Issues (pp. 65-115). Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tEsa, N. (2010). Environmental knowledge, attitude, and practices of student teachers. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 19(1), 39-50.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tFornell, C., &#038; Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tHailu, F. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Bahir dar university undergraduate students towards environmental issues. Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 32(2), 87-102.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tHoelter, J. W. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures: Goodness-of-fit indices. Sociological Methods &#038; Research, 11(3), 325-344.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tJ\u00f6reskog, K. G. (1971). Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests. Psychometrika, 36(2), 109-133.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tJovanovi\u0107, S., Gatari\u0107, D., Prnjat, Z., Andjelkovi\u0107, G., Jovanovi\u0107, J. M., Luki\u0107, B., &#038; Lutovac, M. D. (2016). Exploring pro-environmental behavior of Serbian youth through environmental values, satisfaction, and responsibility. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 44(7), 1057-1068.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tKustrov\u00e1, M. (2012). The relation between professional soldiers&#8217; environmental knowledge and their environmental behavior. Land Forces Academy Review, 17(2), 108.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMai, H. T. (2017). Impacts of the environmental changes on the socio-economic development of Vietnam. Vietnam Trade and Industry Review, 4-5.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tNunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw- Hill.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tOnel, N., &#038; Mukherjee, A. (2016). Consumer knowledge in pro-environmental behavior: An exploration of its antecedents and consequences. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 13(4), 328-352.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tRaykov, T., &#038; Widaman, K. F. (1995). Issues in applied structural equation modeling research. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(4), 289-318.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tPeterson, R. A. (1994). A meta-analysis of Cronbach&#8217;s coefficient alpha. Journal of consumer research, 21(2), 381-391.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tSlater, S. F. (1995). Issues in conducting marketing strategy research. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 3(4), 257-270<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nguyen Quoc Nghi, Bui Van Trinh &#8220;The Relationship Between Pro-Environmental Awareness and Behavior of Local People in Developing Community-Based Tourism: A Case in The Mekong Delta, Vietnam&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp. 97-100 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/97-100.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-relationship-between-pro-environmental-awareness-and-behavior-of-local-people-in-developing-community-based-tourism-a-case-in-the-mekong-delta-vietnam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Relationship Between Pro-Environmental Awareness and Behavior of Local People in Developing Community-Based Tourism: A Case in The Mekong Delta, Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10582e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10584db\" data-id=\"10584db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10585f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10585f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105869b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105869b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10587ea\" data-id=\"10587ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10588fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10588fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1058997 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1058997\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1058ae2\" data-id=\"1058ae2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1058be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1058be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1058c9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1058c9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1058e1d\" data-id=\"1058e1d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1058f35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1058f35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Food Hygiene and Safety Management in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Okechukwu K. Iro, Ugo U. Enebeli, Gabriel U. P. Iloh, Young Azuama, Agwu N. Amadi, Chinasa O. Amadi, Cosmas Ezejindu, Joseph Ingwu, Stella E. Ogamba &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 101-109<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1058fd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1058fd3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105914a\" data-id=\"105914a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1059276 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1059276\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Current food production processes from farm to fork are bedevilled by food safety hazards and risks which result to frequent foodborne disease outbreaks locally, nationally and internationally. Food hygiene and safety management systems are put in place to insure that food that gets to the consumer is safe. The objective of this paper is to review the current food hygiene and safety management (FHSM) in Nigeria. The concept of food hygiene represents the ways and means of controlling hazards in food in order to ensure that the food is fit for human consumption and that it is prepared according to the intended use, while food safety management guarantees the harmlessness of food and the absence of adverse effects for the consumers. FHSM start from primary production in the farm, through manufacturing processes, to distribution of the food up to the consumers\u2019 table. Credible FHSM can only take place within robust international and national regulatory systems. Education on and development of internationally regulated hazard prevention and control systems such as hazard analysis and critical points (HACCP) and ISO 22000 will strengthen FHSM in Nigeria. It is recommended here that Nigeria should develop and enforce HACCP and ISO 22000 for the achievement of FHSM.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 101-109\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okechukwu K. Iro<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugo U. Enebeli<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gabriel U. P. Iloh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Young Azuama<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agwu N. Amadi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria<br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chinasa O. Amadi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cosmas Ezejindu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Ingwu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stella E. Ogamba<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAmadi, C. O. A, Udo, E. A., Udo-Inyang, F. O., Iro, O. K., Amadi, A. N., Ede, A. O., \u2026 Iwuoha, G. (2018). Assessment of food hygiene practices in Abia State, South East Nigeria. American Journal of Food, Nutrition and Health,3(3):31-36.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAzuama, Y. C., Amadi, A. N., Iro, O. K., Amadi, C. O. A., &#038;Braid, W. (2018). Bacteriological quality of red meat (beef) and meat hygiene practices among meat handlers in Aba Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research,8(7):41-49.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAzuamah, Y.C., Amadi, A.N., Iro, O.K., Azuamah, E.C.,&#038;Amadi, C.O.A. (2018).HACCP Checklist Scores at Critical Control Points by Meat Handlers in Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research,9(12):30162-30165. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24327\/ijrsr.2018.0912.3000.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tCAC\/RCP. (1-1969, Rev. 3(1997), Amended 1999). Recommended International Code of Practice General Principles of Food Hygiene. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tChukuezi, C. O. (2010). Food safety and hygienic practices of street food vendors in Owerri, Nigeria. Studies in Sociology of Science, 1(1):50-57.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tEzirigwe, J. (2018). Much ado about food safety regulation in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Devevelopment Law &#038; Policy, 9(1):109-132.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFAO. (2006). Strengthening National Food Control Systems: Guidelines to Assess Capacity Building Needs. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFAO\/WHO. (2018). Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual, 26th Edition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tFAO\/WHO. (2006). Assuring Food Safety and Quality: Guidelines for Strengthening National Food Control System. Geneva: Food and Agriculture Organization\/World Health Organization.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tFood Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)(2012). Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods Microbiological Testing. New Delhi: Government of India.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tIfeadike, C. O., Ironkwe, O. C., Adogu, P. O. U., &#038;Nnebue, C. C. (2014). Assessment of food hygiene practices of food handlers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Medical Research, 17(1):10-15.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tIfenkwe, G. E.(2012). Food safety regulations: reducing the risk of foodborne diseases in rural communities of Abia state, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 2(1):384-389.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tILRI. (2011). Assessment of risks to human health associated with meat from different value chains in Nigeria: Using the example of the beef value chain. Nigeria Integrated Animal and Human Health Management Project Draft Report. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tIro, O. K. (2016): Instrumentation in Food Sampling and Analysis for Environmental Health Officers\/Practitioners. In Amadi, A. N. (Ed.): Fundamentals of Environmental Public Health Laboratory. Aba: Eagle Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tIro, O. K., Amadi, C. O., Enebeli, U. U., &#038;Amadi, A. N. (2017). Compliance of Meat handlers in Abia and Imo States with HACCP-based standard operating procedures checklist. Researchjournali\u2019s Journal of Public Health, 3(7): 1-15<br \/>\r\n[16].\tIro, O. K. (2015). Assessment of current meat hygiene and safety in Abia and Imo State, Nigeria: Implication for sustenance of enteric diseases (UP). Ph.D Thesis submitted to the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tIro, O. K., Amadi, A. N., Enebeli, U. U., &#038; Amadi, C. O. (2019). Bacteriological qualities of beef sold in Abia and Imo States, Nigeria: Implications for the sustenance of enteric diseases. International Journal of Scientific Research, 8(7): 539-546.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tISO 22003 (2013). Food management systems \u2013 Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of food safety management systems. International Organization for Standards. Available at:https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:std:iso:ts:22003:ed-2:v1:en<br \/>\r\n[19].\tOmojokun, J. (2013). Regulation and Enforcement of Legislation on Food Safety in Nigeria, Mycotoxin and Food Safety in Developing Countries. In: Makun, H. (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772\/54423. Available at: http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/mycotoxin-and-food-safety-in-developing-countries\/regulation-and-enforcement-of-legislation-on-food-safety-in-nigeria<br \/>\r\n[20].\tOmotayo, R. K., &#038; Denloye, S. A.(2002). The Nigerian experience on food safety regulations. FAO\/WHO Global Forum of Food Safety Regulators; Marrakesh, Morocco, 28 \u2013 30 January, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tOnyeneho, S. N.,&#038; Hedberg, C. W. (2013). An assessment of food safety needs of restaurants in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(1):3296-3309.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tPECB. (2014). Difference between HACCP and ISO 22000. Available at: https:\/\/pecb.com\/article\/difference-between-haccp-and-iso-22000<br \/>\r\n[23].\tPepple, N. (2017). Environment and food poisoning: food safety knowledge and practice among food vendors in Garki, Abuja \u2013 Nigeria.    Journal of Health Education Research and Development, 217.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tPremium Times (11 October 2017). \u201c200,000 people die of food poison annually in Nigeria- Prof. Ihenkuronye\u201d \u2013Premium Times. Available at: http:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/96700-200000-people-die-of-food-poison-annually-in-nigeria-prof-ihenkuronye.html<br \/>\r\n[25].\tPsomas, E. L., &#038; Kafetzopoulos, D. P. (2015). HACCP effectiveness between ISO 2200 certified and non-certified companies. Food Control, 53:134 \u2013 139. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.01.023<br \/>\r\n[26].\tSavelli, J. C., Bradshaw, A., Embarek, P. B., &#038; Mateus,C. (2019). The FAO\/WHO International Food Safety Authorities Network in Review. Foodborne Pathogen and Disease, 16(7):480-488. DOI: 10.1089\/fpd.2018.2582<br \/>\r\n[27].\tWHO (2017).Food Safety- Fact Sheet (Reviewed October, 2017). Available at:www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs399\/en\/.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tYasmine, M., &#038;Lelieveld, H. (2014). Fundamentals in management of food safety in the industrial setting: challenges and outlook of the 21st century. In: Yasmine, M., &#038;Lelieveld, H. (Eds). Food Safety Management: A Practical Guide for the Food Industry. Amsterdam: Elservier 1 \u2013 20. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Okechukwu K. Iro, Ugo U. Enebeli, Gabriel U. P. Iloh, Young Azuama, Agwu N. Amadi, Chinasa O. Amadi, Cosmas Ezejindu, Joseph Ingwu, Stella E. Ogamba &#8220;Food Hygiene and Safety Management in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.101-109 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/101-109.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/101-109.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/food-hygiene-and-safety-management-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Food Hygiene and Safety Management in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105a06b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"105a06b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105a46e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105a46e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105a5b6\" data-id=\"105a5b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105a6c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105a6c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105a767 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105a767\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105a8ae\" data-id=\"105a8ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105a9b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105a9b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105aa51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105aa51\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105aba3\" data-id=\"105aba3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105aca8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105aca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105ad45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105ad45\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105aefd\" data-id=\"105aefd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105b028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105b028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105b0c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105b0c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105b21f\" data-id=\"105b21f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105b32a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105b32a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105b3c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105b3c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105b50b\" data-id=\"105b50b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105b612 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105b612\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105b6ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105b6ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105b80b\" data-id=\"105b80b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105b911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105b911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Study on Smart Marketing Strategies Using Effective Social Media<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sanjay P. Pande &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 110-116<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105b9a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105b9a7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105bb12\" data-id=\"105bb12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105bc34 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"105bc34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In today\u2019s modern age, digital marketing has a widespread exploitation in various sectors. We strongly agreed that the world is rapidly moving towards digital technology. People are utilizing more and more digital data day by day and they have not yet documented this in their marketing strategies. In India People are spending more time in online activities, the social media and various websites plays an important role in their life. Smart marketers keep watch on the changes of market trend as well as need of customer and according to that the marketing strategies and the use of effective social media helps to achieve the target. But the latest information shows that India has over 100 million internet users and approximately 89% of the population are using Smartphone devices. Online Digital Marketing Strategy emphasizes on the use of digital technologies more effectively and allows an individual attention for better products or services campaigning, marketing and implementation. The key objective of this paper is to discover the effective social media according to the market trend and factors affecting digital marketing mainly in the service sector. This paper initially introduces about Digital Marketing and current trends in Digital Marketing and discusses the strategies of marketing using effective social media for the marketing of the services.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 110-116\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sanjay P. Pande<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Technology, Shri Datta Meghe Polytechnic, Nagpur, (MS) India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tKenzhegul Bizhanova,(2019). Impact of digital marketing  development on entrepreneurship. E3S Web of Conferences 135,  04023  ITESE.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAndrew T. Stephen, (October 12, 2015). \u201cThe Role Of Digital And Social Media Marketing In Consumer Behavior\u201d Psychology special    issue on consumer behaviour.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tDr. Amit Singh Rathore, Mr.Mohit Pant, Mr.Chetan Sharma , (2017). Emerging Trends In Digital Marketing In India. ICIRSTM-17.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAfrina Yasmin, Sadia Tasneem, Kaniz Fatema, (April 2015).   Effectiveness of Digital Marketing in the Challenging Age: An  Empirical Study.\u201d  International Journal of Management Science and   Business Administration.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tM. Suginraj,( Jul. &#8211; Sept. 2017).  Growth of Online Marketing in   India- A Study International Journal of Research in Management &#038;  Vol. 4 Issue 3 (SPL 1) Business Studies.<br \/>\r\n[6]\t[6]   Dr. Simran Kaur, Ms. Nidhi Tandon, Ms. Shivani Malik. (April 2018). Impact Of Digital Market On Consumer Buying Behaviour  National Conference on People, Planet and Profit in Sustainable Development  &#038; contribution in IT, Media and Management, At New Delhi.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tS.R Winer,( 2009).  New Communications Approaches in Marketing: Issues and Research Directions. Journal of Interactive Marketing. Volume 23, , pp.108-117.<br \/>\r\n[8]\t Curran, Kevin, Sarah Graham, and Christopher Temple.( 2011).  \u201cAdvertising on Facebook.\u201d International Journal of E-Business   Development, Volume 1, pp. 26-33.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tShankar, Venkatesh, Jeffery Inman, Murali Mantrala, Eileen Kelley and Ross Rizley.( 2011) \u201cInnovations in Shopper Marketing: Current Insights and Future Research Issues.\u201d Journal of Retailing 1:s29-s42, doi:10.1016\/j.jretai. 04.007.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tPaquette, Holly (2013). \u201cSocial Media as a Marketing Tool: A Literature Review\u201d, Paper submitted to University of Rhode Island,<br \/>\r\n[11]\tholly_paquette@my.uri.edu.<br \/>\r\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Affiliate_marketing<br \/>\r\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methodology<br \/>\r\nhttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Search_engine_optimization<br \/>\r\nhttp:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/digital-marketingd<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sanjay P. Pande &#8220;Study on Smart Marketing Strategies Using Effective Social Media&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.110-116 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/110-116.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/110-116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/study-on-smart-marketing-strategies-using-effective-social-media\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Study on Smart Marketing Strategies Using Effective Social Media<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105c9d2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"105c9d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105cab5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105cab5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105cc1b\" data-id=\"105cc1b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105cd30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105cd30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105cdd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105cdd7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105cf25\" data-id=\"105cf25\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105d02e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105d02e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105d0c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105d0c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105d212\" data-id=\"105d212\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105d31e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105d31e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105d3b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105d3b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105d4fd\" data-id=\"105d4fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105d653 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105d653\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105d6fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105d6fe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105d849\" data-id=\"105d849\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105d9b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105d9b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105da6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105da6c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105dbb9\" data-id=\"105dbb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105dcba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105dcba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105dd61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105dd61\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105dea9\" data-id=\"105dea9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105dfad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105dfad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105e049 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105e049\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105e1c8\" data-id=\"105e1c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105e2df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105e2df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Some Air Quality Parameters in Port Harcourt City Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Friday Kpee &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 117-122<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105e379 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105e379\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105e4e2\" data-id=\"105e4e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105e60f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"105e60f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study evaluated some air parameters in industrial and non &#8211; industrial areas of Port Harcourt city. The areas were; Trans &#8211; Amadi, Diobu (Mile 3) and Rukpokwu. The ambient air qualities were assessed by using auto gas monitory equipment. The study revealed that the mean values for the months of September, October and November for each parameters were temperature 27.68\u00b10.26<sup>0<\/sup>C, 26.92\u00b10.04<sup>0<\/sup>C, and 28.55\u00b10.35<sup>0<\/sup>C for Diobu, 27.03\u00b10.02 <sup>0<\/sup>C, 26.24\u00b10.06 <sup>0<\/sup>C and 28.35\u00b10.09 <sup>0<\/sup>C for Rukpokwu, 26.04\u00b10.02 <sup>0<\/sup>C, 25.31\u00b10.03 <sup>0<\/sup>C and 27.38\u00b10.21 <sup>0<\/sup>C for Trans-Amadi. Relative humidity were 91.87\u00b10.10 %, 98.65\u00b10.05 % and 86.28\u00b10.16 % for Trans-Amadi, 91.27\u00b10.16 % 91.26\u00b10.12 % and 75.34\u00b10.27 % for Rukpokwu, 87.15\u00b10.69 %, 91.20\u00b10.38 % and 74.79\u00b10.20 % for Diobu. Wind speed were 0.52\u00b10.11 m\/s, 0.45\u00b10.06 m\/s, and 0.49\u00b10.03 m\/s for Diobu, 0.46\u00b10.3 m\/s, 0.48\u00b10.18 m\/s and 0.56\u00b10.15 m\/s for Trans-Amadi, 0.41\u00b10.08 m\/s, 0.42\u00b10.11 m\/s and 0.42\u00b10.11 m\/s and 0.42\u00b10.04 m\/s for Rukpokwu. Suspended particulate matters (SPM) were 42.19\u00b11.06 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>, 40.68\u00b13.02 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup> and 42.93\u00b12.19 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup> for Trans-Amadi, 38.30\u00b13.07 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>, 37.23\u00b11.18 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup> and 38.36\u00b10.84 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup> for Diobu, 33.62\u00b10.12 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup>, 30.68\u00b10.25 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup> and 33.64\u00b10.09 \u00b5g\/m<sup>3<\/sup> for Rukpokwu at the various months. While, gaseous emissions parameters such as SO<sub>2<\/sub>, CO, NO<sub>2<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>S, VOC, CH<sub>4<\/sub>, O<sub>3<\/sub> and NH<sub>3<\/sub> mean values were below DPR and FMEnv recommended limits except NH<sub>3<\/sub> which was not detected. The results of student t-test and ANOVA, showed no significant difference between the locations and within the months of the study. The results showed that all the parameters examined were within DPR and FMEnv guidelines for ambient air quality.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 117-122\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Friday Kpee<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAna, G.R., Sridher, E.E., Mynepall, K.C. and Asuzu, M.C. (2010). Environmental risk factors and hospital base cancers in two Nigeria cities. J. public heal: Epidomiol, 2(8), 216-223.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAkanni, C. O., (2010). Spatial and seasonal analysis of traffic related pollutant concentrations in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5, 1264-1272.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAkinfolarin, O.M., Obunwo, C. C., and Boisa, N., (2018). Air Quality Charateristics of emerging industrial areas of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. J.Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 43(1), 7-14.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAkuro, A. (2015). Air quality in Oyibo (Obigbo) and environs in Niger Delta area of Nigeria, J. Appl Sc. Environ. Management; (3), 066-074<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAnderson, I. (2005). Niger River Basin: A vision for sustainable development; the World Bank, 131.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAtash, F., (2007): The deterioration of urban environment in deterioration of urban environment in developing countries: mitigating the air pollution crisis in Tehran, Iran cities, Iranian Journal of Environmental Science 24(6), 399-409.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBell, M.L., and Davis, D.L., (2001). \u201cReassessment of the Lethal London Fog of 1952; Novel indicator of acute consequences of acute exposure to air pollution\u201d Environmental Health Perspectives, 109, 389-394<br \/>\r\n[8]\tBhatia, S.C., (2009).  Environmental pollution and control in chemical process industries. Khanna publishers 163.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tBrohwen, M. (1999). The price of oil human right watch perception and reality: Assessing priorities for sustainable development in the Niger River Delta.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tChen, L., Mengersen, K.L., and Tong, S. (2007). \u201cSpatitem poral relationship between particle air pollution and respiratory emergency hospital admission in Brisbane; Australia Science of the Total Environment, 373 (1), 57-67.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tDavid, M.H., Mary, C.H. and Linda, R.B. (2015). Visualizing Environmental Science 4th ed. United States of America John Wiley and Sons Inc.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tDepartment of Petroleum Resources, DPR, (2002). Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN).<br \/>\r\n[13]\tFederal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv.), (1999). National Interim guidelines and standards for Industrial Effluent, Gaseous emission and Hazardous waste managements in Nigeria. 91-110.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tFranchini, M. and Mannucci, P.M. (2007). Short term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases outcomes and mechanisms. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis, 5(11): 2169-2174.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tHarrabi, I., Rondeau, V., Dartiques, J.F., and Filleud, L., (2006): Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Systolic Blood Pressure: A Pollution based approach. Environmental Research, 101(1), 89-93.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tHorsfall, M.J., and Spiff, I.A., (2013): Principle of Environmental Pollution, Toxicology and Waste Management. 54 -55.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tKomolfe, A.A., Adegboyega, S, A., Anifowase, A Y. B., Akinluyi, F.O., and Awoniran, D. R., (2014): Air pollution and climate change in Lagos, Nigeria. Needs for proactive approaches to risk management and adaption. American Journal of Environmental science 10, (4), 412-423.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tLutgen, F.K., and Edward, J., (2000): The Atmosphere: An introduction to metrology. 8th ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 512.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tMolles, Jr, M.C. (2005). Ecology concepts and applications 3rd edition Mc Graw-Hill Co. Inc. 93-94.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tNarayanan, P., (2009): Environmental pollution, principals, analysis and control. CBS publishers Neno Delhi. 971.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tNwaogazie, I.L. (2011). Probability and statistics for science and engineering practice, De-Adroit publisher, Enugu, Nigeria 262-263.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tTaware, C.C. and Abowe, J.N. (2012). Air pollution in the Niger Delta area in Nigeria. International Journal of fisheries and aquatic science, 1(2), 94-117.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tTim, S., (2017): Earth\u2019s Atmosphere: composition, climate and weather. Published by Space. Com<br \/>\r\n[24]\tUSEPA, (2006): Air pollutants. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ebtpages\/airpollutants.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Friday Kpee &#8220;Assessment of Some Air Quality Parameters in Port Harcourt City Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.117-122 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/117-122.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-some-air-quality-parameters-in-port-harcourt-city-metropolis-rivers-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Assessment of Some Air Quality Parameters in Port Harcourt City Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105f410 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"105f410\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105f685\" data-id=\"105f685\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105f79b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105f79b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105f854 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105f854\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105f9b2\" data-id=\"105f9b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105faba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105faba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105fb56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105fb56\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105fca5\" data-id=\"105fca5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105fdb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105fdb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105fe53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105fe53\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-105ff91\" data-id=\"105ff91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106009c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"106009c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106013c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106013c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1060282\" data-id=\"1060282\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1060385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1060385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1060499 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1060499\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106061f\" data-id=\"106061f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1060729 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1060729\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10607c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10607c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106093b\" data-id=\"106093b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1060a45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1060a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reference Intervals for Serum Biochemistry Analytes for Pregnant Mothers of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Richard M Gitimu, Joseph K Gikunju, Stanley K Waithaka, and Eliud NM Njagi &#8211; May 2020 Page No.: 123-131<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1060ae0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1060ae0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1060c45\" data-id=\"1060c45\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1060d9e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1060d9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Reference intervals for pregnant women for blood analytes which are known to change with the trimester of pregnancy are rare. Most clinical laboratories in Africa including Kenya use reference intervals for non-pregnant women developed using western populations to interpret laboratory results for pregnant women which is inappropriate; important pathological changes may be missed, and normal changes may be interpreted as pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to develop trimester specific reference intervals for fifteen serum biochemistry analytes for pregnant women of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya. This was a cross-sectional study involving 296 healthy pregnant women randomly recruited in their second and third trimester attending Moi Subcounty Hospital antenatal clinics from the 16th week after meeting the inclusion criteria, between May 2015 and December 2017. Five millilitres of venous blood was drawn from each participant into plain vacutainer tubes, allowed to clot and then centrifuged to obtain serum. The levels of the serum biochemistry analytes were measured using Clinical Chemistry Autoanalyzer (Integra 400) and reported using SI units. Reference intervals spanning the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of each of these analytes were calculated using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2010) guidelines on the obtained non-parametric dataset. Trimester independent reference intervals for total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, blood urea nitrogen, potassium, chloride, and calcium were established. Trimester dependent reference intervals for alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatinine, uric acid, and sodium were established. In conclusion, trimester specific reference intervals were developed for serum biochemistry analytes for pregnant women of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya different from those reported in literature. These developed reference intervals can be adopted for accurate diagnosis of pathological conditions during pregnancy for this population.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 123-131\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Richard M Gitimu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844 00100, Nairobi, Kenya<br \/>\r\nDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Taita Taveta University, P.O Box 635-80300 Voi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Joseph K Gikunju<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00100 Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Stanley K Waithaka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical laboratory Sciences, Mount Kenya University, P.O Box 342-01000 Thika, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Eliud NM Njagi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical laboratory Sciences, Mount Kenya University, P.O Box 342-01000 Thika, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbbassi-Ghanavati M, Greer LG and Cunningham FG (2009). Pregnancy and laboratory studies: a reference table for clinicians. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 114 (6): 1326-1331.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBolann, B. &#038; Omen\u00e5s, B. (1997). Quality assurance of laboratories outside hospitals. Use of internal control. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening: tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 117, 3088-3092.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tCheung KL and Lafayette RA (2013). Renal physiology of pregnancy. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 20: 209-214.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tClinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI): EP28 A3c, 2010. Defining, establishing, and verifying reference intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Guideline, Third edition.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tGlantz A, Marschall HU, Mattsson LA (2004). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Relationships between bile acid levels and fetal complication rates. Hepatology, 40: 467-474.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tKlajnbard A, Szecsi PB, Colov NP, Andersen MR, J\u00f8rgensen M, Bj\u00f8rngaard B, Barfoed A, Haahr K and Stender S (2010). Laboratory reference intervals during pregnancy, delivery and the early postpartum period. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 48 (2): 237-248.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tNarelle H (2017). Biochemical changes in pregnancy-What should a clinician know? Journal of Gynecology and Women\u2019s Health, 4 (1): 555626.002 DOI: 10.19080\/JGWH.2017.04.555626.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tOdhiambo, C., Omolo, P., Oyaro, B., Williamson, J., Kinuthia, J., Matemo,D., Drake, A., John-Stewart, G. &#038; Zeh, C.( 2017). Establishment of reference intervals during normal pregnancy through six months postpartum in western Kenya. PloS one, 12, e0175546.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tRaoof IB (2015). Assessment of some biochemical markers in pregnant women in Iraq. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4 (2): 692-698.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tSikaris KA (2014). Physiology and its importance for reference intervals. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews, 35 (1): 1-14.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tTeasdale T and Morton A (2018). Changes in biochemical tests in pregnancy and their clinical significance. Obstetric Medicine, 11(4): 160-170.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Richard M Gitimu, Joseph K Gikunju, Stanley K Waithaka, and Eliud NM Njagi &#8220;Reference Intervals for Serum Biochemistry Analytes for Pregnant Mothers of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.123-131 May 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/123-131.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/123-131.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/reference-intervals-for-serum-biochemistry-analytes-for-pregnant-mothers-of-taita-taveta-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reference Intervals for Serum Biochemistry Analytes for Pregnant Mothers of Taita-Taveta County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1061bba elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1062466\" data-id=\"1062466\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1062574 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1062574\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1062610 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1062610\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1062761\" data-id=\"1062761\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1062870 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1062870\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106290d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106290d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1062a4d\" data-id=\"1062a4d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1062b5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1062b5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1062bf7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1062bf7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1062d5c\" data-id=\"1062d5c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1062e65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1062e65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Laterite Soil Stabilized using Waste Paper Sludge<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Akshatha B A, Abijith Jain &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 132-136<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1062f79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1062f79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1063126\" data-id=\"1063126\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1063253 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1063253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">A method of improving the properties of soil by blending and mixing it with other materials is known as Soil stabilization. In this paper an attempt is made to use waste paper sludge (WPS) as stabilizing agent in rural road construction in combination with lateritic soil (LS) and also intended to find the properties such as Compaction, Shear properties, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Durability, when lateritic soil is replaced with waste paper sludge at different mix proportions (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%). The result has shown that the mix proportions of waste paper sludge at 6% gives good strength.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 132-136\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akshatha B A<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, N D R K I T, Hassan, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abijith Jain<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, B I T, Mangalore, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tChandak N. R and Amit B., (2015) \u201cEffect of Lime Sludge on Strength and Compaction of Soil\u201d Journal of Civil Engineering Research, Volume 5(1), DOI: 10.5923\/j.jce.20150501.03 pp 18-20.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tDilip K.T., (2015), \u201cA Study of Paper Mill Lime Sludge for Stabilization of Village Road Sub-Base\u201d International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 02, pp389-393.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tMeenu P and Rekha R., (2016) \u201cComparison Between Paper Sludge And Rice Husk Ash As A Stabilizing Agent For Soft Soil\u201d International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering &#038; Management, e-ISSN 2278-1684, p-ISSN 2320-334X, pp 08-11.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tNeva E., (2015) \u201cStrength Development Of Soft Soil Stabilized With Waste Paper Sludge\u201d International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, Volume .03, Issue 01, pp.141-149.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tNeva E., (2015) \u201cStrength Development Of Soft Soil Stabilized With Waste Paper Sludge\u201d International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, Volume .03, Issue 01, pp.141-149.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tRavichandra P. T., Shiva P. A., Divya K. K and Kannan R. P. R., (2016). \u201cEffect of Addition of Waste Tyre Crumb Rubber on Weak Soil Stabilization\u201d Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 9(5), pp.1-5.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tSurya V. T., Sindhuja K.., Sai K. G., (2016) \u201cImprovement of Properties of Highly Swelling Soil by using Waste Paper Sludge\u201d International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, Volume 4, Issue 2, pp. 417- 419.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Akshatha B A, Abijith Jain &#8220;Evaluation of Laterite Soil Stabilized using Waste Paper Sludge&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.132-136 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/132-136.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/132-136.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-laterite-soil-stabilized-using-waste-paper-sludge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluation of Laterite Soil Stabilized using Waste Paper Sludge<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1064228 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1064228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106430a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106430a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10644c1\" data-id=\"10644c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10645ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10645ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10646a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10646a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1064821\" data-id=\"1064821\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1064937 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1064937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Implementation of Low Cost Technology for Biogas Generation and Reuse of Sludge in Brick Manufacturing<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Manasa S.R., Akshatha B.A. &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 137-140<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10649d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10649d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1064b7a\" data-id=\"1064b7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1064ca2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1064ca2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"> Biogas is known as a source of renewable energy and it&#8217;s made mostly of methane (60-70%) and a mixture of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>(carbon dioxide), H<sub>2<\/sub>S (hydrogen sulfide), NH<sub>3<\/sub> (ammonia), and SO<sub>2<\/sub> (sulfur dioxide). This gas is produced when biological matter (usually cow manure) is decomposed in an environment without the presence of oxygen with the help of bacteria.\u00a0 It has been popular as a source of energy for over 200 years. In order to generate biogas, the individual has to first build an anaerobic (no oxygen present) digester, or an enclosed tank (usually made of steel), where specific types of organic impurities are placed for bacteria to decompose them. In the environment, it is produced naturally in deep soils, lake bottoms, and wetlands. The dried waste sludge after the production of biogas is reused to produce \u201cEcoFaeBrick\u201c, a quality, easily manufactured, low-cost\u00a0sustainable building material\u00a0made from cow dung. The bricks are not only 20% lighter, but they have a compressive strength 20% durable than clay bricks.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 137-140\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Manasa S.R. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Civil Engineering, NDRKIT, Hassan, India<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akshatha B.A. <\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Civil Engineering, NDRKIT, Hassan, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1].\tAubert JE, Fabbri A, Morel JC, Maillard P (2013) A soil block with a compressive strength higher than 45 MPa! Constr Build Mater 47:366-9.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAubert JE, Maillard P, Morel JC, Alrafii M (2015) Towards a simple compressive strength  test for earth bricks? Mater Struct DOI 10.1617\/s11527-015-0601-y.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tDanso H, Martinson B, Ali M, Mant C (2015) Performance characteristics of enhanced soil blocks: a quantitative review. Build Res Inf 43:253-62.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tEl-Shekeil YA, Sapuan SM, Abdan K, Zainudin ES (2012) Influence of fibre content on the  mechanical  and  thermal  properties  of  Kenaf  fibre  reinforced  thermoplastic  polyurethane  composites. Mater Design 40:299-303.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tGhavami K, Toledo  Filho RD, Barbosa  NP (1999) Behaviour of composite soil reinforced  with natural fibres. Cem Concr Compos 21:39-48.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tHilkiah Igoni, M. F. N. Abowei, M. J. Ayotamuno and C. L. Eze (2008), Effect of Total Solids Concentration of Municipal Solid Waste on the Biogas Produced in an Anaerobic Continuous Digester.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tKarve, A.D. (2007), Compact biogas plant, a low cost digester for biogas from waste starch. http:\/\/www.arti-india.org.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKarve, A.D (2006). Compact biogas plant compact low-cost digester from waste starch. www.bioenergylists.org.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tMillogo Y, Aubert JE, Hamard E, Morel JC (2015) Properties of Kenaf fibres from Burkina Faso used as reinforcement of earth blocks. Materials 8:2332-45.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tMor\u0101n J I, Alvarez V A, Cyras V P, V\u0101squez A (2008) Extraction of cellulose and preparation  of nanocellulose. Cellulose 15:149-59. 17<br \/>\r\n[11].\tMorel JC, Aubert JE, Millogo Y, Hamard E, Fabbri A (2013) Some observations about the paper \u201cEarth construction: Lessons from the past for future eco-efficientconstruction\u201d by F. Pacheco-Torgal and S. Jalali. Constr Build Mater 44:419-21.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tNgowi AB  (1997) Improving the traditional  earth construction: a  case study of  Botswana. Constr Build Mater 11:1-7.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tPacheco-Torgal F, Jalali S (2012) Earth construction: lessons from the  past for future eco-efficient construction. Constr Build Mater 29:512\u20139.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tVilane  BRT  (2010) Assessment  of stabilization  of  adobes  by  confined compression  tests. Biosyst Eng 106:551-8.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Manasa S.R., Akshatha B.A. &#8220;Implementation of Low Cost Technology for Biogas Generation and Reuse of Sludge in Brick Manufacturing&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.137-140 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/137-140.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/137-140.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/implementation-of-low-cost-technology-for-biogas-generation-and-reuse-of-sludge-in-brick-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Implementation of Low Cost Technology for Biogas Generation and Reuse of Sludge in Brick Manufacturing<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1065af3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1065af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1065bdc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1065bdc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1065d56\" data-id=\"1065d56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1065e8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1065e8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1065f45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1065f45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10660af\" data-id=\"10660af\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10661c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10661c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mergers and Acquisition Strategy and Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Etim Osim Etim, Nsima Johnson Umoffong &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 141-152<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106626d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106626d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10663f9\" data-id=\"10663f9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1066533 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1066533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined the effect of merger and acquisition strategy on performance of selected Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was adopted as sampling procedure for selecting three Deposit Money Banks (UBA, Access Bank and FCMB) that successfully implemented Merger and Acquisition Strategy in the Financial Services Sector of the Nigeria economy. Secondary Data Spanning a period of 20 years (1996-2015) were collected from the published annual financials of the banks. Descriptive statistics involving the test of differences in two means (pre and post mergers periods) and multivariate Analysis of variance (MANOVA) were employed in analysis of the data. Results shows that merger and acquisition strategy impacted positively on performance of the selected Deposit money Banks in Nigeria with improved performance in gross earnings (pre total value 6.05, post total value , 405.29); profit after tax (PAT) values (Pre-total values 2.1 post total values 65.91). Earnings Per Share (E.P.S) values (pre-total values 23.03, Post-total values, 141.12). More so the calculated ANOVA values (F-statistic) for test of hypothesis were 32.83, 17.31 and 29.14 as against 3.60 critical value meaning post-merger performance were better than the pre-merger period. It was concluded that merger and acquisition strategy is good for Nigerian Banks. It is recommended that Banks with poor corporate governance issues and weak Capital structure should embrace mergers and acquisition and that the CBN should strengthen it monitoring and oversight functions to enhance operational efficiency of Deposit money Banks in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 141-152\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Etim Osim Etim<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBSc, MBA, MSc, PhD, CFAN, FCA,  Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Administration, University Of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nsima Johnson Umoffong<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBSc, MBA, PhD, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Administration, University Of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]\tAaltonen, P and Ikavalko, H. 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Http:iien-wikipedia.org\/wiki\/.<br \/>\r\n[43]\tWinstone, N.M.(2013). Relationship between strategy implementation and performance in commercial banks. MBA Dissertation School of Business, University of Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Etim Osim Etim, Nsima Johnson Umoffong &#8220;Mergers and Acquisition Strategy and Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.141-152 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/141-152.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/141-152.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mergers-and-acquisition-strategy-and-performance-of-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Mergers and Acquisition Strategy and Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1067324 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1067324\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10673f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10673f2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1067578\" data-id=\"1067578\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10676a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10676a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1067749 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1067749\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10678b0\" data-id=\"10678b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10679c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10679c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Role of MIS Functions in Enhance the Business Processes and Operational Excellence of the Banks<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mohammed Abed Al-Hayy Al-Dalaien, Sadun Naser Yassin Alheety, Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 153-166<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1067a71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1067a71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1067bff\" data-id=\"1067bff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1067d43 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1067d43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The importance of utilizing of Management Information System (MIS) is increased to manage information, improve the business processes, and enhance the operational excellence of the organizations.  There are many challenges faced by applying the MIS system in organization. The organizations should manage the MIS functions based on the nature of the information workflow and working functionality order to enhance the business processes and operational excellence. This study aims to explore the role of MIS efficiency and effectiveness in improve the business processes and the operational excellence of the Jordanian banks. The data of this research is collected from 159 managers in two Jordanian banks; Islamic Jordanian bank and Housing bank. In order to address the research aims, the SPSS and AMOS tools are utilized to conduct several analyses such as demographic analysis, confirmatory factors analysis, and descriptive analysis. The results show that the effectiveness and efficiency of MIS functions would be designed based on the business processes such as information workflow and working functionality. The MIS efficiency includes many dimensions such as throughput, transaction speed, system availability, information accuracy, and response rate. The MIS effectiveness includes many dimensions such as usability, conversion rare and financial requirements. The effective and efficient MIS functions plays important role in improve the operational excellence of the banks such as working innovations and services quality. This research provides useful information about the relationship between the MIS functions, business processes, and operational excellence in the banks.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 153-166\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Abed Al-Hayy Al-Dalaien <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Department of Business Administration, Al-Madinah International University, Serdang, Malaysia <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sadun Naser Yassin Alheety <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant professor Al-Madinah International University, Serdang, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant professor Al-Madinah International University, Serdang, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAhmad, N. 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The impact of information technology on improving banking performance matrix: Jordanian banks as case study. In European Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information System (pp. 21-33).<br \/>\r\n[37]\tJeston, J., &#038;Nelis, J. (2014). Business process management. Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[38]\tAlaaraj, S. (2018a) \u2018Knowledge Management Capability, Trust, and Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Emerging Economies\u2019, in Proceedings of 177 th The IIER International Conference. Istanbul, pp. 1\u20139.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tAlaaraj, S. (2018b) \u2018Knowledge Management Capability , Trust , and Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Emerging Economies\u2019, International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 4(8), pp. 45\u201353.<br \/>\r\n[40]\tAlaarj, S., Mohamed, Z. A. and Bustamam, U. S. A. 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KIT Scientific Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[50]\tMoya, M., Nanvuma, R., &#038;Akodo, R. (2010). Technological innovations in Bank of Africa (Uganda): an evaluation of customers&#8217; perception. Nkumba Business Journal, 9, 110-136.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohammed Abed Al-Hayy Al-Dalaien, Sadun Naser Yassin Alheety, Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi &#8220;Role of MIS Functions in Enhance the Business Processes and Operational Excellence of the Banks&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.153-166 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/153-166.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/153-166.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/role-of-mis-functions-in-enhance-the-business-processes-and-operational-excellence-of-the-banks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Role of MIS Functions in Enhance the Business Processes and Operational Excellence of the Banks<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1069116 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1069116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 167-172<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10698a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10698a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1069a32\" data-id=\"1069a32\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1069b71 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1069b71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The concentration of heavy metals in parts of edible plants and food crops is becoming a cause of concern to human beings. Samples of cassava leaves and tubers were collected from four communities in Gokana Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria in the months of July and October 2019. The samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations after laboratory treatment. The results showed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the leaves of cassava were; 0.127\u00b10.110, 1.297\u00b10.124, 2.410\u00b10.736, 2.536\u00b10.284, 98.566\u00b19.767 and 2.306\u00b10.480 mg\/Kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe and Ni in July, while the mean concentrations in the month of October were; 0.132\u00b10.105, 1.287\u00b10.210, 2.471\u00b10.811, 2.571\u00b10.291, 100.712\u00b112.614 and 2.087\u00b10.726 mg\/Kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe and Ni respectively. The mean concentrations of the examined heavy metals for July in the tubers were; 0.019\u00b10.019, 0.377\u00b10.341, 1.126\u00b10.067, 1.567\u00b10.304, 96.600\u00b17.137 and 0.654\u00b10.654 mg\/Kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe and Ni, while that of October were; 0.020\u00b10.020, 0.364\u00b10.300, 1.294\u00b10.115, 1.872\u00b10.119, 99.861\u00b110.869 and 0.710\u00b10.674for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe and Ni respectively.  All the Heavy metal concentrations showed higher values in the leaves than the tubers of cassava. The concentrations of heavy metals in the leaves were in the order; Fe > Cu > Cr > Ni >Pb> Cd and in the tubers, the order were, Fe > Cu > Cr > Ni >Pb> Cd. There is the need for adequate monitoring and implementing of necessary measures to reduce the levels of heavy metals in the cassava parts, so as to curb excessive intake by local consumers who consume the tuber as food and the leaves as medicine.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 167-172\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwineewii, Jack D.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M. B. 5047 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAhmad, M. S. &#038; Ashraf, M. (2011).Essential roles and hazardous effects of nickel in plants. Revolution in Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 214:125-67.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAkinyele, I. O. &#038; Osibanjo, O. (1982).Levels of some trace elements in hospital diets. Food Chemistry, 8(4): 247\u2013251.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAl-Farraj, A. S. &#038; Al-Wabel, M. I. (2007).Heavy metals accumulation of some plant species grown on mining area at MahadAd\u2019Dahab, Saudi Arabia. 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O. &#038;Owolabi, M. S. (2015). Concentration of heavy metals in root, stem and leaves of Acalyphaindica and Panicum maximum jacq from three major dumpsites in Ibadan metropolis, South West Nigeria. American Journal of Chemistry, 5(1): 40-48.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tSangwan, P., Kumar, V. &#038; Joshi, U. N. (2014). Effect of Chromium(VI) Toxicity on Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism in Clusterbean (Cyamopsistetragonoloba L.). Enzyme Research, 784036.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tShah, A., Niaz, A., Ullah, N., Rehman, A., Akhlaq, M., Zakir, M. &#038; Khan, M. S. (2013). Comparative Study of Heavy Metals in Soil and Selected Medicinal Plants. Journal of Chemistry, Volume 2013, Article ID 621265, 5 pages, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/621265.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tSheded, M., Pulford, I. and Hamed, A. (2006).Chromium. Journal of Arid Environments, 66 (2): 210-217.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tSingh, M., Kumar, J., Singh, S., Singh, V. P., Prasad, S. M. &#038; Singh, M. P. V. V. B. (2015). Adaptation Strategies of Plants against Heavy Metal Toxicity: A Short Review. Biochemistry and Pharmacology, (Los Angel) 4, 161. doi:10.4172\/2167-0501.1000161.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tSingh, S., Zacharias, M., Kalpana, S. &#038; Mishra, S. (2012). Heavy metals accumulation and distribution pattern in different vegetable crops. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 4(10):170\u2013177.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tSulaiman, R. F. &#038; Hamzah, H. A. (2018).Heavy metals accumulation in Suburban roadside plants of a tropical area (Jengka, Malaysia). Ecological Processes, 7: 28. https\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13717-018-0.09-3.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tThompson, L. M. &#038;  Troeh, F. R. (1973).Soils and Soil Fertility, third ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tVan Vuren, J. H. J.  &#038; Nussey, O. (1999).Assessment of Stress in fish and river management. Department of Zoology Rand Afrikaans University. Auckland Park.<br \/>\r\n[38]\tWHO\/FAO (1984). The Role of food safety in health and development: A Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Safety.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tWorld Health Organization (WHO) (2005).Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.<br \/>\r\n[40]\tYabanl\u0131, M., Yozukmaz, A. &#038;Sel, F. (2014). Heavy metal accumulation in the leaves, stem and root of the Invasive submerged macrophyte Myriophyllumspicatum L. (Haloragaceae): An example of Kad\u0131n Creek (Mugla, Turkey). Brazilian Archives of Biologyand Technology, 57(3): 434-440.<br \/>\r\n[41]\tYap, C. K., Fitri, M. M., Mazyhar, Y. &#038; Tan, S. G. (2010).Sains Malaysiana 39 (3): 347-352.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nwineewii, Jack D. &#8220;Heavy Metal Concentrations in Cassava Leaves and Tubers Harvested from Some Communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.167-172 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/167-172.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/167-172.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/heavy-metal-concentrations-in-cassava-leaves-and-tubers-harvested-from-some-communities-in-gokana-rivers-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Heavy Metal Concentrations in Cassava Leaves and Tubers Harvested from Some Communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106a959 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"106a959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106aa29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106aa29\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106ab96\" data-id=\"106ab96\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106acc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"106acc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106ad68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106ad68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106aed2\" data-id=\"106aed2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106aff2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"106aff2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils from selected Oil Bearing Communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Sor, A.L, Edori, O. S., Nwineewii, J. D. &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 173-180<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106b232 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106b232\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106b403\" data-id=\"106b403\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106b55b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"106b55b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Human intervention into the natural environment in order to better humanity has both negative Local Government Area of the Rivers State. The communities where the samples were collected were Yeghe, Bodo, B-Dere and K-Dere. The samples were subjected to laboratory treatment and and positive components. Soil samples were collected from selected farmlands from Gokana finally analyzed for heavy metals concentrations in both soil and the cassava parts. The result showed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil from the communities were; 1.501\u00b10.142, 2.685\u00b10.382, 4.185\u00b10.740, 4.021\u00b10.540, 174.914\u00b128.497 and 3.809\u00b10.596 mg\/Kg for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) respectively. The order of concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil was, Fe > Cr > Cu > Ni >Pb> Cd. Analysis of the pollution levels of the soils from the farmlands using some pollution indices indicated that contamination factor analysis showed that the soils were all severely polluted with Cd, but were uncontaminated with all the other metals. Pollution index revealed that all the soils fall within the range of slight contamination, contamination degree and modified contamination degree assessment indicated that the soils were uncontaminated with the metals.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 173-180\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sor, A.L<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M. B. 5047 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Edori, O. S.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M. B. 5047 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwineewii, J. D.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M. B. 5047 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdeleken, B. &#038; Abegunde, K. (2011).Heavy metal contamination of soil and ground water at automobile mechanic village in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6: 1045-1058.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAkporido, S. O. &#038; Asagba, S. O. (2013). Quality Characteristics of Soil close to the Benin River in the vicinity of a lubricating oil producing factory, Koko, Nigeria. International Journal of Soil Science, 8(1): 1-16.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAkubugwo, E. 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Assessment of heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil around Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ), Bangladesh: Implication of seasonal variation and indices. Applied Sciences, 2, 584-601.<br \/>\r\n[48]\tYap, C. K., Fitri, M. M., Mazyhar, Y. &#038; Tan, S. G. (2010).SainsMalaysiana 39 (3), 347-352.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sor, A.L, Edori, O. S., Nwineewii, J. D. &#8220;Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils from selected Oil Bearing Communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.173-180 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/173-180.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/173-180.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/concentrations-of-heavy-metals-in-farmland-soils-from-selected-oil-bearing-communities-in-gokana-rivers-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils from selected Oil Bearing Communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106c35e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"106c35e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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B., Edori, E. S. &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 181-184<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106ca8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106ca8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106cc11\" data-id=\"106cc11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106cd48 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"106cd48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The proliferation of dumpsites in urban settlement the world over is becoming worrisome. The concentrations of some heavy metals were examined in vegetables (<i>Telfairaoccidentalis<\/i>) planted in farmland close to Rumuagholu Dumpsite. Vegetables samples were collected from three station around the dumpsite within a period of three months (April, May and June). They were transported to the laboratory and oven dried at 60 oC to constant weight. The samples were powdered and digested. The content filtered and the filtrate examined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained showed that the mean station values of the individual metals were; lead (Pb), 0.797\u00b10.112, 0.417\u00b10.081 and 0.300\u00b10.049 mg\/Kg in stations 1, 2 and 3, cadmium (Cd), undetected in stations 1and 3 and 0.004\u00b10.001mg\/Kg in station 2, copper (Cu), 0.364\u00b10.095, 1.113\u00b10.134 and 0.247\u00b10.049 mg\/Kg in station 1, 2 and 3, chromium (Cr), 1.234\u00b10.168, 0.721\u00b10.051 and 0.096\u00b10.020 mg\/Kg and nickel (Ni), 0.876\u00b10.458, 0.568\u00b10.350 and 0.166\u00b10.015 mg\/Kg in station 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The concentrations of the various heavy metals in the dumpsite vegetables were higher than those of the control farmlands. The concentrations of all the examined metals were lower than the FAO\/WHO value for consumable food except that of Pb. Although the concentrations of the heavy metals examined were low, yet caution should be taken when planting vegetables on dumpsite soils. This is because of the danger that might ensure from heavy metals toxicity in consumers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 181-184\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nwoke I. B. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, PMB 5047, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Edori, E. S.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, PMB 5047, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBabayemi, J. O., Olafimihan, O. H. and Nwude, D. O. (2017). Assessment of heavy metals in waterleaf from various sources in Ota. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 21(6): 1163-1168.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBahemuka. T. E. and Mubofu, E. B. (1999). Heavy metals in edible green vegetables grown along the sites of the Sinza and Msimbazi Rivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Food Chemistry, 66: 63-66.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tChojnacka, K., Chojnacki, A., Gorecka, H. and Gorecki, H. (2005). Bioavailability of heavy metals from polluted soils to plants. Science and Total Environment, 337:175-82.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tD\u2019Mello, J. P. F. (2003). Food safety: Contaminants and toxins. Cambridge: CABI Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tFAO\/WHO (2011). Joint FAO\/WHO Food standards programme. Codex Committee on contaminants in foods. Fifth Session. The Hague, The Netherlands, 21- 25 March 2011, CF\/5 INF\/1, Working document for information and use in discussions related to contaminants and toxins in the GSCTFF.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tGupta, U. C. and Gupta, S. C. (1998). Trace element toxicity relationships to crop production and livestock and human health: implications for management, Commun. Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 29:1491\u20131522.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tIderiah, T. J. K., Harry, F. O., Stanley, H. O. and Igbara, J. K. (2010). Heavy metal contamination of soils and vegetation around solid waste dumps in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 14(1): 101 \u2013 109.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tNanven, N. D., Egila, J. N. and Lohdip, Y. N. (2015). Heavy metal concentrations in some vegetables grown in a farm treated with urban solid waste in Kuru Jantar, Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 8(2): 139-147.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tOkedeyi, O., Dube, S., Awofolu, O., and Nindi, M. (2013). Assessing the enrichment of \theavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitariaeriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 21: 4686-4696.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tOkorosaye-Orubite, K. and Igwe, F. U. (2017). Heavy metals in edible vegetables at abandoned solid waste dump sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 10(11): 37-46.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOlakunle, I. A., Olanrewaju, T. S. and Ajayi Olubode Olumuyiwa, A. O. (2018). Investigation of heavy metal content on dumpsites soil and vegetables grown: A case study of Ilesha metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 4(12): 178-184.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tShakya, P. R. and  Khwaounjoo, N. M. (2013). Heavy Metal contamination in green leafy vegetables collected from different market sites of Kathmandu and their associated health risks. Scientific World, Vol. 11.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tThompson, H. C. and Kelly, W. C. (1990). Vegetable crops. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Publishing Company.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tUkpong, E. C., Antigha, R. E. and Moses, E. O. (2013). Assessment of heavy metals content in soils and plants around waste dumpsites in Uyo metropolis, AkwaIbom State. The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2(7): 75-86.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tZhou, H., Yang, W. T., Zhou, X., Liu, L., Gu, J. F., Wang, W. L., Zou, J. L., Tian. T., Peng, P. Q. and Liao, B. H. (2016) Accumulation of heavy metals in vegetable species planted in contaminated soils and the health risk assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 289; doi:10.3390\/ijerph13030289.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nwoke I. B., Edori, E. S. &#8220;Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Vegetable (<i>Telfairaoccidentalis<\/i>) from Farmlands Close to Rumuagholu Dumpsite, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.181-184 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/181-184.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/181-184.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/concentrations-of-heavy-metals-in-vegetable-telfairaoccidentalis-from-farmlands-close-to-rumuagholu-dumpsite-rivers-state-niger-delta-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Vegetable (<i>Telfairaoccidentalis<\/i>) from Farmlands Close to Rumuagholu Dumpsite, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106ddf2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"106ddf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106df0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106df0b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106e098\" data-id=\"106e098\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106e1bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"106e1bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106e260 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106e260\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106e3d9\" data-id=\"106e3d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106e4ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"106e4ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Diethanolamine: An Inhibitor of Mild Steel Corrosion in Cassava Fluid Extract<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Igwe, P. U., Edori, E. S. &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 185-191<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106e58c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106e58c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106e70f\" data-id=\"106e70f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106e849 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"106e849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The effect of diethanolamine on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in cassava fluid was investigated by weight loss measurements. The investigation was conducted at temperatures of 298K and 333K at concentration of 0.5M, 1.0M, 1.5M and 2.0M concentrations of diethanolamine in cassava fluid. The results showed that weight loss recorded decreased with concentration and temperature. Weight loss decrease from 0.0503mm, blank solution to 0.0101mm in 2.0M concentration at 298K and a decrease in corrosion rate of 0.0789mm\/yr to 0.0411mm\/yr under the same conditions on the 3rd day. Weight loss also decreased from 0.0243mm blank solution to 0.0002mm in 2.0M concentration and corrosion rate also decreased from 0.0380mm\/yr to 0.0003mm\/yr under the same concentration at 333K, on the 3rd day. Further decrease was also recorded as the day progresses to the 9th day. The highest efficiencies recorded were 98.01% at 0.5M concentration at 298K and 9918% at 2.0M concentration at 333K. The recorded values showed that diethanolamine is an efficient corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in cassava fluid.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 185-191\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Igwe, P. U. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEvomec Global Services Limited 50A GRA Phase 2, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Edori, E. S. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P. M. B. 5047, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbiola, O. K., Oforka, N. C. and Ebenso, E. E. (2004). The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in an acidic medium. Journal of Corrosion Science and Technology, 1(1); 75-78.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAjide, O. O., Agara, K. W. and Adagbola, A. A. (2012). Investigating corrosion performance of MCS and KS7SS in different fluid environments. International Journal of Science and Technology, 1(5); 286-291.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAmuda, M. O. H., Fashanu, T. A., Lawal, G. I. and Soremekun, O. O. (2006). Collaborative influence of zinc oxide and triethylene amine on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel in hydrogen cyanide environment. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 9; 25-32.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAmuda, M. O. H., Soremekun, O. O., Subair, O. W. and Oladoye, A. (2008). Improving the corrosion inhibitive strength of sodium sulphite in hydrogen cyanide solution using sodium benzoate. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, 13; 63-75.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBello, M., Ochoa, N. and Balsamo, V. (2011). Effect of environmental pH on the corrosion bioinhibitive properties of modified cassava starches. In: Proceedings of the 69th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; Boston; 266.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tCAC\/RTP 73 (2013). Code of Practice for the reduction of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in cassava and cassava products, 1-14.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tFontana, M. G. (1987). Corrosion Engineering, 3rd Edition, Mc Graw-Hill, New York.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tIgwe, P. U. and Edori, E. S. (2020). Inhibitory effect of potassium chromate in cassava fluid for mild steel protection. Journal of Applied Chemical Science International, 11(1); 15-22.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tIta, B. I. and Edem, C. A. (2000). Inhibition of steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution by green A and erythrosone dyes. Global Journal of Pure and Applied science, 6(2); 239-242.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tJames, A. O. and Akaranta, O. (2009). The inhibition of corrosion of zinc in 2.0M hydrochloric acid solution with acetone extract of red onion skin. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 3(11); 212-217.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tJames, A. O., Oforka, N. C., Abiola, O. K. (2007). Inhibition of acid corrosion of mild steel by pyridoxol and pyridoxol hydroxides. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2; 278-284.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tJames, A. O., Oforka, N. C., Abiola, O. K. and Ita, B. I. (2007). A study on the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid by pyridoxol hydrochloride. Eclitica Quimica, 32(3); 31-38.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tLoto, C. A., Omotosho, O. A. and Popoola, A. P. I. (2011). Inhibition effect of potassium dichromate on the corrosion protection of mild steel reinforcement in concrete. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6(9); 2275-2284.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tOkafor, I. P. C., Ebenso, E. E. and Ekpe, U. J. (2004). Inhibition of the acid corrosion of aluminium by some derivatives of thiosemicarbazone. Bulletin of Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 18(12); 181-192.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tOrubite-Okorosaye, K., Jack, I. R., Ochei, M. and Akaranta, O. (2007). Synergistic effect of potassium iodide on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl medium by extract of Nypa fruticans wurmb. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 11(2); 27-31.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tOsarolube, E. and James, A. O. (2014). Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid by African black velvet tamarind. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and applied Sciences, 5(1); 51-55.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tOsarolube, E., Owate, I. O. and Oforka, N. C. (2004). The influence of acidic concentration on corrosion of copper and zinc. Journal of Corrosion Science and Technology, 11(1); 66-69.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tRajappa, S. K. and Venkatesha, T. V. (2003). Inhibition studies of a few organic compounds and their condensation products on the corrosion of zinc in hydrochloric acid medium. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 27; 189-196.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tRosliza, R. and Wan-Nik, W. B. (2009). Improvement of corrosion resistance of AA6061 alloy by tapioca starch in sea water. Current Applied Physics, 10; 221-229.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tSoroya, N. Rayenne, D., boulanouar, M. and Rabah, O. (2018). Structure-corrosion inhibition performance relashionship: Application to some natural free acids and antioxidants. Portugaliae Electrchimica Acta, 36(1); 23-34.<br \/>\r\n[21]\twww.nace.org (2007). Retrieved Friday July 6, 2007.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Igwe, P. U., Edori, E. S. &#8220;Diethanolamine: An Inhibitor of Mild Steel Corrosion in Cassava Fluid Extract&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.185-191 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/185-191.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/185-191.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/diethanolamine-an-inhibitor-of-mild-steel-corrosion-in-cassava-fluid-extract\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Diethanolamine: An Inhibitor of Mild Steel Corrosion in Cassava Fluid Extract<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106f60c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"106f60c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106f6f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106f6f7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106f87b\" data-id=\"106f87b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106f995 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"106f995\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106fa42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106fa42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106fbb7\" data-id=\"106fbb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106fcc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"106fcc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sociological Assessment of the Perception of Nigerians on the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) Pandemic<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Anthony Abah Ebonyi, Anne Abok- May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 192-198<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-106fd63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"106fd63\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106fee4\" data-id=\"106fee4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107001a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"107001a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper assesses the perception of Nigerians in regard to the Coronavirus disease pandemic. It focuses on the level of awareness and attitude of the people towards the Covid-19, and how it impacts on their livelihoods, including the measures taken, and associated challenges to contain the disease and halt its wild-fire-like contagion. The paper adopts a desk review methodology to argue that Coronavirus disease is a reality that has an overarching social, psychological, and economic implications for people world over, Nigeria, not exempted. Findings reveal that regardless of this stack reality, most Nigerians tend to jettison the presence of Covid-19 and its epidemiological and socio-economic havoc. Measures adopted by the Government such as social\/physical distancing, hand washing and or sanitization, lockdowns, among others, are most often disregarded by people. Also, to reduce the all-round effect of the disease, Government and other concerned Nigerians regularly give out palliatives to ameliorate the challenges occasioned by Covid-19, however, these efforts are been jeopardised because of the selfish and vested interests of a few Nigerians, including some Government officials, who are charged with the responsibility of distributing palliatives intended for the most vulnerable members of the public. These unscrupulous individuals, rather than act as directed, convert the palliatives to personal use, and, in some cases, give out to friends and relations; a situation that heightens the skepticism and sarcasm among majority of Nigerians, concerning Covid-19.  The paper concludes that while it is relevant to align with the international community in finding solutions to the pandemic, it is fitting to look in-wards because of Nigeria\u2019s peculiar cultural orientations and belief systems. In this way, indigenous remedy would be applied in solving global problem such as the novel Coronavirus disease that threatens humanity today.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 192-198\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anthony Abah Ebonyi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPh.D Final Defence, Department of Sociology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anne Abok<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInt\u2019l Director, Media Campaign against Human Trafficking in Persons (MeCAHT)<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkanni, L. O., &#038; Gabriel, S. C. (2020). The Global Health Hazards and Economic Impacts of Covid-19. Retrieved from http:\/\/cseaafrica.org\/the-implication-of-covid19-on-the-nigerian-economy\/<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAsuquo, C. (2020). Coronavirus [Sung on Television).<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAliyu, S. (2020). Presidential Task Force (PTF) on COVID-19 Briefings.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tElflein, J. (2020). Official name for coronavirus disease. Statista. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1043366\/novel-coronavirus-2019ncov-cases-worldwide-by-country\/<br \/>\r\n[5]\tFour Particular Problems (May 13, 2020). (http:\/\/paei.wikidot.com\/parsons-talcott-a-g-i-l-functional-imperatives-for-social-sy). Assessed May 13.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tHuman Rights Radio and Television (2020). Brekete Family Programme.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tIndependent Television [ITV] (2020).News Broadcast.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tKasapoglu, A., &#038; Akbal, A. (2020).Relational Sociological Analysis of Uncertainties: The case of COVID-19 in Turkey. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(4), 197-228. DOI:10.14738\/assrj.748116<br \/>\r\n[9]\tLittle, W. (2014). Introduction to Sociology \u2013 1st Canadian Edition. Victoria, B.C.: BCcampus. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introduc<br \/>\r\n[10]\tLines, R., Burke-Shyne, N., Girelli, G. (April 20). Gaol Fever: What COVID-19 Tells us about the War on Drugs. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.hhrjournal.org\/2020\/04\/gaol-fever-what covid-19-tells-us-about-the-war-on-drugs\/.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMeloni M (2016). The Transcendence of the Social: Durkheim, Weismann, and the Purification of Sociology. doi: 10.3389\/fsoc.2016.00011<br \/>\r\n[12]\tMoffitt, K. &#038; Chapel, L. (n.d). Structural-Functional Theory in Sociology. Retrieved April 27, 2020. From https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/structural-functional-theory-in-sociology-definition-examples-quiz.html. Assessed May 13, 2020).<br \/>\r\n[13]\tMohammed, L. (April 1, 2020). Presidential Task Force (PTF) on COVID-19 Briefings.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tMuanya, C. (April 5, 2020). Maintaining Mental Sanity In the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Guardian. Retrieved from https:\/\/guardian.ng\/life\/the-place-of-mental-sanity-in-the-covid-19-pandemic\/<br \/>\r\n[15]\tNgelale, A. (2020). Radio Nigeria, May 11, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tOffer J (2019) Herbert Spencer, Sociological Theory, and the Professions. Front. Sociol. 4:77. doi: 10.3389\/fsoc.2019.00077.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tOrjinmo, N. (2020). Lagos Lockdown Over Coronavirus: \u2018How will my children survive?\u2019 BBC World. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-52093343.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tOriniowo, O. (May 3, 2020). Channels Televison<br \/>\r\n[19]\tPotts, R., Vella, K., Dale, A. &#038;Sipe, N. (2014). Exploring the Usefulness of Structural-Functional Approaches to Analyse Governance of Planning Systems. DOI: 10.1177\/1473095214553519<br \/>\r\n[20]\tSadati, A. K., Blankarani, M. H., Lankarani, K. B. (2020). Risk Society, Global Vulnerability and Fragile Resilience: Sociological View on the Coronavirus Outbreak. ShirazEMedj. doi:10.5812\/semj.102263.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tStatista (2020). Number of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases worldwide as of April 29, 2020, by country. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1043366\/novel-coronavirus-2019ncov-cases-worldwide-by-country\/<br \/>\r\n[22]\tSocio-cultural Appropriateness of Social Distancing in Nigeria (Africa Business Radio, April 20, 2020) . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.africabusinessradio.com\/content\/554.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tThe Implication of Covid-19 pandemic on the Nigerian Economy (April 13, 2020). Retrieved from http:\/\/cseaafrica.org\/the-implication-of-covid19-on-the-nigerian-economy\/.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tBoys would impregnate girls (Personal Conversation, May 11, 2020).<br \/>\r\n[25]\tUNESCO (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruptions and Response. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/covid19\/educationresponse<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anthony Abah Ebonyi, Anne Abok &#8220;Sociological Assessment of the Perception of Nigerians on the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) Pandemic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.192-198 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/192-198.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/192-198.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sociological-assessment-of-the-perception-of-nigerians-on-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Sociological Assessment of the Perception of Nigerians on the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) Pandemic<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1070f2a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1070f2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1070ffc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1070ffc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1071179\" data-id=\"1071179\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107129b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107129b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1071349 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1071349\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10714b2\" data-id=\"10714b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10715d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10715d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Bioadsorption of Thermal Waste Using Low Cost Adsorbent<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Manasa S.R &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 199-203<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1071671 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1071671\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10717e5\" data-id=\"10717e5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1071905 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1071905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">An increase in population causing rapid industrialization was found to consequently increase the generation of wastewater. Heavy metals are the major toxicants found in industrial wastewaters. Conventional methods for the removal of metal ions such as chemical precipitation and membrane filtration are exceptionally expensive. Biosorption and bioaccumulation are eco-friendly alternatives for bioadsorption process. An Orange, Mosambi, Lemon and Banana peel, a discarded organic waste which is used to produce bioadsorbent. The orange and lemon peel based bioadsorbent was assessed for removal of heavy metal pollutant. Fly Ash, a waste of the Raichur Thermal Power Plants has been utilized as an adsorbate. The various experimental conditions such as pH, particle sizes, adsorbent dosage and variation of temperature which effects the heavy metal pollutant adsorption were investigated for orange and lemon peel. The percentage of adsorption was found to be more for orange &#038; lemon peel. The maximum adsorption capacity of orange and lemon peel was observed at pH4 of about 53% and 31% respectively, 30\u00b0C of temperature of about 37% and 21% respectively, 100 \u00b5 of particle size 100 of about 81% and 82% respectively and 1gm of adsorbent dosage of about 21% and 22% respectively.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 199-203\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Manasa S.R <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Civil Engineering, Navkis College of Engineering, Hassan, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAhalya, N., Kanamadi, R.D., Ramachandra, T.V. (2006). \u201cBiosorption of Iron (III) using the husk of Cicer arientinum\u201d. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 13, pp 122-127.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBhatnagar, A., Minochaa, K., Sillanpa, M. (2010). \u201cAdsorptive removal of cobalt from aqueous solution A. by utilizing lemon peel as biosorbent\u201d. Biochemical Eng. J. Vol. 48, p 181\u2013186.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tNarayana, Nagesh., Krishnaiah, Abburi. (1989) \u201cA study on removel of Chromium by adsorption on bituminous coal from systemic effluents\u201d. Indian J. Env. Health,  31:04,304- 308.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tOzcan, A., Ozcan, A.S., Tunali, S., Akar, T., Kiran, I. (2005). \u201cDetermination of the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of copper(II) ions onto seeds of Capsicum annuum\u201d. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 124(1\u20133), 200-208.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tRajkumar,S.A., Katyal, T., Satake, M.(1998), \u201cEnvironmental pollution\u201d. Anmol Publications,pg 87-90.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tSaravanane, R., Sundararajan, T., Sivammurthy, Reddy.(1998) &#8221; Studies of the removal of heavy metals from wastewater using chemically modified low cost adsorbents &#8220;. Journ. Of the IPHEJndia, Vol. 1998: 02: 46-55.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tSharma, D.C., Forster, C.F. (1993). \u201cRemoval of hexavelent chromium using sphagnum moss peat\u201d. Water Res. Vol 27(7): pg1201-1208.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tThirumavalavan, M., Lai, Y.L., Lin, L.C., Lee, J.F. (2010). \u201cCellulose-Based Native and Surface Modified Fruit Peels for the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution: Langmuir Adsorption Isotherms\u201d. J. Chem. Eng. Data Vol.55, p 1186\u20131192.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tVimal, C., Srivastava, Indra D. Mall., Indra, M. Mishra. (2007). Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 46, 5697- 5706.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tWang, X., Qin, Y. (2005). \u201cEquilibrium sorption isotherms for of Cu2+ on rice bran\u201d. Process Biochemistry, 40(2), 677-680.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Manasa S.R &#8220;Bioadsorption of Thermal Waste Using Low Cost Adsorbent&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.199-203 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/199-203.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/199-203.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/bioadsorption-of-thermal-waste-using-low-cost-adsorbent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Bioadsorption of Thermal Waste Using Low Cost Adsorbent<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107268c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"107268c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1072755 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1072755\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10728bf\" data-id=\"10728bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10729e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10729e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1072a93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1072a93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1072bf7\" data-id=\"1072bf7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1072d16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1072d16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Indian Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897: A Critical Study Vis a vis Fundamental Rights<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Sidhi Pramodh Rayudu Burujupati, Kirti Sharma- May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 204-208<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1072db5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1072db5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1072f3c\" data-id=\"1072f3c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107306a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"107306a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Communicable diseases contribute 30% of disease burden in India. Multiple epidemics happen every year and yet we fail to respond and contain most them effectively. Apart from various behavioral public health interventions, we need to have a close look at the structural intervention i.e. the legal framework to analyze the preparedness of Indian health system. Although India has multiple legal mechanism, it lacks a unified law under a single legislation.<br \/>\r\nThe Epidemic Act 1897 is a 123-year-old blunt act which needs to be substantially overhauled to effectively counter the burden of infectious diseases both new and re-emerging. Issues like definitions of epidemic disease, ethics and human rights principles, empowerment of officials, punishment, etc., which need to undergo deliberations and warrant a relook have been discussed in this paper. Exploration of the possibilities under the Indian Constitutional Scheme that would lay down a pathway for creating a harmonious legislation between the Disease control Acts and the Fundamental Rights and with a liberalistic philosophical approach is the goal of this paper.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 204-208\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sidhi Pramodh Rayudu Burujupati <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nHidayatullah National Law University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493661, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kirti Sharma <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nHidayatullah National Law University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493661, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tDikid T, Jain SK, Sharma A, Kumar A, Narain JP. Emerging and re-emerging infections in India: an overview. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138(1):19-31.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tLivemint. 2020. A 123-Yr-Old Act To Combat Coronavirus In India; Experts Say Nothing Wrong. [online] Available at: <https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/news\/india\/a-123-yr-old-act-to-combat-coronavirus-in-india-experts-say-nothing-wrong11584182501707.html> [Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[3]\tHarrison, M., 2013. Contagion. 1st ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp.182-183.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tArnold D. Science, technology and medicine in colonial India. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2000: p143.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tEchenberg M. Plague ports: the global urban impact of Bubonic plague, 1894-1901. London: New York University Press; 2007: p 58.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tWho.int. 2020. [online] Available at:https:\/\/www.who.int\/governance\/eb\/who_constitution_en.pdf[Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[7]\tAparna, M., 2006. Article 21 of Indian Constitution &#8211; Mandate for Life Saving. SSRN Electronic Journal,.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tChalkidou, K., Glassman, A., Marten, R., Vega, J., Teerawattananon, Y., Tritasavit, N., Gyansa-Lutterodt, M., Seiter, A., Kieny, M., Hofman, K. and Culyer, A., 2020. Priority-Setting For Achieving Universal Health Coverage. [online] World Health Organization. Available at: <https:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/94\/6\/15-155721\/en\/> [Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[9]\tKumar, S., Kumar, S. and Gupta, B., 2018. Urban health: Needs urgent attention. Indian Journal of Public Health, [online] 62(3), p.214. Available at: <http:\/\/www.ijph.in\/article.asp?issn=0019-557X;year=2018;volume=62;issue=3;spage=214;epage=217;aulast=Kumar>.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tSingh, S. and Badaya, S., 2014. Health care in rural India: A lack between need and feed. South Asian Journal of Cancer, [online] 3(2), p.143. Available at: <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4014652\/>.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tSystem, C., 2020. Covid-19 Threatens To Overwhelm India\u2019S Health Care System. [online] Undark Magazine. Available at: <https:\/\/undark.org\/2020\/04\/14\/covid-19-india\/> [Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[12]\tNiti.gov.in. 2020. [online] Available at: <https:\/\/niti.gov.in\/planningcommission.gov.in\/docs\/reports\/genrep\/bkpap2020\/26_bg2020.pdf> [Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[13]\tCrabtree, J., 2020. How To Manage A Pandemic. [online] MIT Technology Review. Available at: <https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2020\/04\/14\/999239\/how-to-manage-a-pandemic-covid-asia-vs-west\/> [Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[14]\tTanay Goyal, COVID-19: The Law of the Lockdown, JURIST \u2013 Student Commentary, April 25, 2020, https:\/\/www.jurist.org\/commentary\/2020\/04\/tanay-goyal-india-lockdown\/><br \/>\r\n[Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[15]\tCiv. No. 15-7647 (KM)\u201d Hickox v. Christie, 205 F. Supp. 3d 579, (D.N.J. 2016)<br \/>\r\n[16]\tGatter, R., 2016. Quarantine Controversy:Kaci Hickox v. Governor Chris Christie. Hastings Center Report, [online] 46(3), pp.7-8. Available at: <https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27150412>.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tAIR 1963 Ori 216, 1963 CriLJ 659<br \/>\r\n[18]\tShodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in. 2020. [online] Available at: <https:\/\/shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in\/bitstream\/10603\/6028\/14\/14_list%20of%20cases.pdf> [Accessed 17 May 2020].<br \/>\r\n[19]\t(1904) ILR 31 Cal 829<br \/>\r\n[20]\tShah, A., Sapatnekar, S., Kaur, H. and Roy, S., 2019. Financing Common Goods for Health: A Public Administration Perspective from India. Health Systems &#038; Reform, [online] 5(4), pp.391-396. Available at: <https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23288604.2019.1652461>.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tWadhwa, P., 2020. COVID-19, Trade War: Manufacturing Shift to Hit China, But Will India Gain? [online] Business-standard.com. Available at: <https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/markets\/covid-19-trade-war-manufacturing-shift-to-hit-china-but-will-india-gain-120030200228_1.html> [Accessed 17 May 20<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sidhi Pramodh Rayudu Burujupati, Kirti Sharma &#8220;Indian Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897: A Critical Study Vis a vis Fundamental Rights&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.204-208 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/204-208.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/204-208.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/indian-epidemic-diseases-act-1897-a-critical-study-vis-a-vis-fundamental-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Indian Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897: A Critical Study Vis a vis Fundamental Rights<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1073e4d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1073e4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1073f1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1073f1e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107409d\" data-id=\"107409d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10741cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10741cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1074271 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1074271\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10743d6\" data-id=\"10743d6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10744ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10744ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Urban Public Buildings and Accessibility Challenges in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong> Bumma, Felix Neeka, Ayagere, Selete Ayebaemi, Amakiri-Whyte Belema Henry, Ubani Princewill  &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 209-215<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1074593 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1074593\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1074708\" data-id=\"1074708\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1074837 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1074837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The trends of public buildings accessibility and circulation challenges confronting persons with disability are contemporary concerns in the focus of environmental experts internationally. This is relevant given the restriction implications of disabled persons on public buildings. On the other hand, this seems not to be so in developed countries going by both practice and investigation consideration. The research consequently examined challenges for persons with disabilities across urban public buildings in Niger delta. The research considered environmental observation and designed questionnaire methods for data acquisition whereas standard deviation (STD) principal components analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation coefficient were the methodical tools employed. The result established that school buildings (0.50), police station accounted for (0.72) and courthouses (0.62) etc with restriction factors for persons with disabilities in Niger delta urban environs of Nigeria. In furtherance, institutional buildings (20%), legal building (13%), transportation building (12%), medical building (10%) and banking\/recreational buildings (7%) were the classified public buildings. However, The research demonstrated that there was a weak negative relationship between public buildings and wheelchair ramp at (r = -0.212, p<.05), elevators (r = -0.56, p<0.5) and modified toilet (r = -0.51, p<.05).The article settled with recommendations on approaches for including the necessary facilities that makes public buildings accessible for all the citizenry of Niger Delta and beyond through proper consultations, architectural and engineering designs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 209-215\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bumma, Felix Neeka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayagere, Selete Ayebaemi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amakiri-Whyte Belema Henry<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ubani Princewill <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban And Regional Planning, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tBanda, C.M, Nitz, J.C., and De, J.D. (2012)\u2019\u2019Participation-based environment accessibility assessment tool (P-BEAAT) in the Zambian context\u2019\u2019 Disability Rehabilitation 34(14)1232-1243.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tCosmos, Y., Evans, Y.K.A., and Emmanuel, K.N.(2017)\u2019\u2019 Wheelchair accessibility to public buildings in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana\u2019\u2019 African Journal of Disability 6, 341.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tDanso, A.K., Atuahene, B.T. and Agyekum (2000) \u2018\u2019Infrastructure Facilities For Persons With Disabilities: A Case Of The Sofoline Interchange\u2019\u2019 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 1-11.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tEric, P. T., John, T. B., and Danso, A.k. (2017)\u2019\u2019Deterrent Libraries: Denying Persons with Disability\u2019\u2019 Journal of Science and Technology, 37 (1) 100-110.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tEvans, Y. K. A., Anthony, K. D., and Eric, P. T.(2015)\u2019\u2019 Persons with Disabilities and the Built Environment\u2019\u2019 Ghana Journal of Higher Education  2 ( 2343-6948)  72-94<br \/>\r\n[6].\tEvcil, A.N.(2009)\u2019\u2019Wheelchair accessibility to public buildings in Istanbul \u2018\u2019 Disability Rehabilitation Assist Technology 4(2)76-85<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFawzia, F.(2018)\u2019\u2019 Accessibility of Public Buildings in Khulna, Bangladesh, for Wheelchair Users\u2019\u2019 www.dcidj.org   29 (4) 84-97.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tHamzat, T.K, and Dada,OO (2005) \u2018\u2019Wheelchair Accessibility of Public Buildings In Ibadan, Nigeria\u2019\u2019 Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal\u2019\u2019 16 (2)115-124.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tJaimie F. B., Jacquie, R., and Franco, C.(2018)\u2019\u2019 Seasonal Patterns of Community Participation and Mobility of Wheelchair Users Over an Entire Year\u2019\u2019 Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2018 99(8):1553-1560.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tMartha, B.C, Jennifer, C. N., and Desleigh, D. J.(2014) \u2018\u2019Impact of inaccessible spaces on community participation of people with mobility limitations in Zambia\u2019\u2019 African Journal of Disability 2014 3(1).<br \/>\r\n[11].\tUseh, U., Moyo, A.M, and Munyonga, E. (2001)\u2019\u2019Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings in the central business district of Harare, Zimbabwe\u2019\u2019 Disabil Rehabil. 2001 23(11):490-496.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMoyo, A.M, Useh, U. Siziya, S., and  Munyonga, E. (2000)  Comparison of wheelchair accessibility of public buildings in  pre and post  International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) in Harare, Zimbabwe: a case study. Centre for African Journal of Medicine 46(5):124-127.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tPrince, K. O. and Regina, O. A.S. (2019)\u2019\u2019 Sidewalk Accessibility and Pedestrian Safety among Students with Physical Disability in the University of Cape Coast\u2019\u2019 journal of social sciences   2 (2) 1-14<br \/>\r\n[14].\t Rivano, F.(2004)\u2019\u2019 Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE)\u2019\u2019 Disability Rehabilitation ,26(19) 1150-1157.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tSalman, H., Maryam, E., Bita, B., Sanaz, R. and Mohammad, A.K(2014)\u2019\u2019 Improving Of Urban Public Spaces Safety In Order To Using Physical Disabled Persons\u2019\u2019 International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management  1 (2) 47-56.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tWaenlor W, Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, and Soogarun, S. (2002)\u2019\u2019Facilities for the disabled in the commercial districts of Bangkok&#8211;are they adequate\u2019\u2019 Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 33(3)164-175.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Bumma, Felix Neeka, Ayagere, Selete Ayebaemi, Amakiri-Whyte Belema Henry, Ubani Princewill  &#8220;Urban Public Buildings and Accessibility Challenges in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.209-215 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/209-215.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/209-215.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/urban-public-buildings-and-accessibility-challenges-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Urban Public Buildings and Accessibility Challenges in Nigeria<br \/>\r\n<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10755ac elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10755ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1075679 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1075679\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10757ec\" data-id=\"10757ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1075916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1075916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10759b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10759b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1075b21\" data-id=\"1075b21\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1075c3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1075c3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Empirical Model for the Estimation of Global Solar Radiation in Yola, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ogbaka, D.T, Vandi, T- May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 216-218<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1075ce2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1075ce2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1075e4e\" data-id=\"1075e4e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1075f74 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1075f74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Solar radiation measurement for particular location plays vital role for solar system design. This work proposes the coefficients for Angstrom &#8211; Prescott type of model for the estimation of global solar radiation in Yola, Nigeria using relative sunshine duration alongside the measured global solar radiation data (2014 &#8211; 2018). The model constants a and b obtained in this investigation for Yola are 0.267 and 0.461 respectively. The correlation coefficient of 85% (P=0.00) between the clear sky index and relative sunshine duration, as well as the coefficient of determination, R<sup>2<\/sup> of 87.9 obtained shows that this model fits the data very well. Consequently, the developed model in this work can be used with confidence for Yola and other locations with similar climate conditions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 216-218\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbaka, D.T<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pure and Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vandi, T<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pure and Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAd ebayo, A. A. (1999). Climate I: Sunshine Temperature, Evaporation and Relative Humidity. In A. A. Adebayo, and A. L. Tukur, (eds). Adamawa State in Maps. Yola; Paraclete Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAkpabio, L.E., UDO, S.O., Etuk, S.E., (2004). Empirical correlations of global solar radiation with meteorological data for Onne, Nigeria. Turk. J. Physics 28, 205 \u2013 212.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAllen, R.G., (1997). Self-calibrating method for estimating solar radiation from air temperature. ASCE J. Hydrol. Eng. 2, 56 \u2013 57.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAngstrom, A., (1924). Solar and terrestrial radiation. Quart. Jour. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 50, 121 \u2013 125.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBamiro, O.A., (1983). Empirical relations for the determination of solar radiation in Ibadan. Nigeria Sol. Energy 31, 85 \u2013 94.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tCooper, P.I (1969). \u201cThe Absorption of Radiation on Solar Stills\u201d, Solar Energy, vol. 12, no. 3, pp 333 \u2013 346.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDuffie, J. A. and Beckman, W. A., (1991). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd edition, New York: Wiley.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGana N.N, Jitendra K.R, and Musa M. (2014). Angstrom Constants for Estimatiing Solar \tRadiation in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria, International journal of scientific &#038;Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tKartini S., Sufiyan A.H., Jedol D., Mohamad Z.H.M and Mohd S.S, (2015). Measurement of \tGlobal Solar Radiation in Kota Kinabalu Malasiya, \tARPN Journal of Engineerig and Applied Sciences, Vol.10, No.15.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tMedugu D.W, Adisa A.B, Burari F.W, and Abdul Azeez M.A, (2013). Solar Radiation: \tcorrelation between measured and predicted values in mubi, Nigeria, International \tJournal of Science and Technology Education Research, Vol 4(1), pp. 11-17.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tMusaB., Zangina U.and Aminu M., (2012). Estimation of global solar radiation in \tMaiduguri, Nigeria using angstrom model. ARPN journal of Engineering and Applied \tScience. Vol. 12 No. 7.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tOkundamiya M.S. and Nzeako A.N., (2010). Empirical Model for Estimating Global Solar  Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces for Selected Cities in the Six Geopolitical Zones in Nigeria. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 2(8): 805-812.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tNeuwirth, F., (1980). The estimation of global and sky radiation in Austria. Sol. Energy 24, 421 \u2013 426.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tPrescott, J.A., (1940). Evaporation from a water surface in relation to solar radiation. Trans. R. \tSoc. Sci. Australia 64, 114 \u2013 125.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tYola Climate Report 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012 from http:\/\/www.climatemps.com<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ogbaka, D.T, Vandi, T &#8220;Empirical Model for the Estimation of Global Solar Radiation in Yola, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.216-218 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/216-218.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/216-218.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/empirical-model-for-the-estimation-of-global-solar-radiation-in-yola-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Empirical Model for the Estimation of Global Solar Radiation in Yola, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1077058 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1077058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1077139 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1077139\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10772ad\" data-id=\"10772ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10773d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10773d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1077480 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1077480\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10775f2\" data-id=\"10775f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107770b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107770b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Work Culture and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Regional Development Organizations<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Bambang Tridayono, Rani Puspa &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 219-223<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10777ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10777ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1077923\" data-id=\"1077923\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1077a50 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1077a50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Some of the problems that often occur in the environment of regional apparatus organizations in the Kasemen District of Serang City are that there are still employees who come after working hours and leave before working hours end, there are still employees who leave the workspace without permission from their superiors, and there are still employees who do not use proper rest time.<br \/>\r\nThis study aims to determine the effect of work culture and work discipline on employee performance in the regional apparatus organizations in the Kasemen District of Serang City. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive analysis approach, with a total population of 60 people from the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) and using a saturated sample of all members of the population of 60 ASNs. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire.<br \/>\r\nBased on the calculation of the hypothesis test, it is known that there is a moderate influence between Work Culture on the performance of employees in the area of the regional apparatus organization in The Kasemen District of Serang City. Where Work Culture (X1) contributed 24.4% to employee performance (Y). There is also a strong influence of work discipline on the performance of employees in the area of regional apparatus organizations in the Kasemen District of Serang City, meaning that if the level of work discipline increases, the work discipline significantly increases as well. Where Work Discipline (X2) contributed 40.8% to employee performance (Y). Based on the significance test, it was found that simultaneously there was an influence between Work Culture and Work Discipline on the performance of employees in the area of the regional apparatus organization in The Kasemen District of Serang City. The coefficient of determination is 0.420, meaning that Work Culture (X1) and Work Discipline (X2) contribute 42.0% to employee performance (Y), while the remaining 58.0% is influenced by other variables not discussed in this study.<br \/>\r\nBased on the conclusions above that the independent variables studied both partially and jointly have a positive and strong influence on the dependent variable. This study has strengthened several theories that employee performance as the dependent variable is influenced by a variety of independent variables namely Work Culture and Work Discipline in this connection the results of the research obtained by the consulant with the proposed theory.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 219-223\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Bambang Tridayono<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nManagement Department, Bina Bangsa University, Indonesia <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rani Puspa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nManagement Department, Bina Bangsa University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] I. Sa\u2019ad, \u201cThe influence of work discipline, leadership, organization culture and personal value to performance of employees on Masyitoh Islam Hospotal.,\u201d Sci. Res. J., vol. IV, no. VII, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tD. Kasim, \u201cThe influence of work discipline, leadership, training and motivation to performance of employees administrative staff at hospital Papua.,\u201d Int. J. Sci. Basic Appl. Res., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 154\u2013164, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tN. Lumwagi Agusioma, \u201cThe Influence of organizational culture of performance employees General Hospital in Singapura,\u201d Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., vol. 4, no. 11, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tA. Prabu Mangkunegara, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. 2011.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tT. A. Robbins, Stephen P. and Judge, Perilaku Organisasi, 4th ed. Jakarta: Salemba Empat, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tE. Susan, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, vol. 9, no. 2. Jakarta: PT.Bumi Aksara, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tJen\u2010Chia, \u201cThe Influence of work discipline, training and organizational culture of performance employees Mannheim Hospital in Jerman,\u201d African J. Bus. Manag., vol. 6, no. 44, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tRatna, \u201cPengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Kompetensi terhadap Kepuasan Pegawai Serta Implikasinya Pada Kinerja Pegawai di UPT Puskesmas Sindang Jaya Kota Bandung,\u201d Penelitian, vol. 8, no. 3, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tS. G. Barsade, \u201cThe Influence of organizational culture of performance employees Hospital Lifecare in New York, USA,\u201d J. Posit. Psychol., vol. 3, no. 1, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tA. Ida, \u201cThe influence of organizational culture, work motivation and working climate on the performance of nurses in the private hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia,\u201d Sci. Res. J., vol. III, no. XI, 2015.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bambang Tridayono, Rani Puspa &#8220;The Effect of Work Culture and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Regional Development Organizations&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.219-223 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/219-223.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/219-223.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-work-culture-and-work-discipline-on-employee-performance-in-regional-development-organizations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Effect of Work Culture and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Regional Development Organizations<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10787f8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10787f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10788c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10788c3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1078a36\" data-id=\"1078a36\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1078b5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1078b5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1078c0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1078c0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1078d77\" data-id=\"1078d77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1078e8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1078e8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>India: Official Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Jai Krishnan &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 224-229<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1078f31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1078f31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10790b0\" data-id=\"10790b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10791d2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"10791d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The global economy has been totally disrupted by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Governments of every nation are struggling to deal with the largest ever crisis since World War II &#8211; with over 345,000 deaths and over 5.42 million confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide, increasing daily at an astonishing pace.<br \/>\r\nThis paper presents an analysis of the various policy (healthcare, monetary and fiscal) responses by Government of India (\u201cGoI\u201d) to COVID-19.India is the largest democracy in the world with over 1.3 Billion citizens and GDP of over USD 2.7 trillion. As of now, India has over 4,000 deaths  with over 139,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases. Since late January 2020, GoI has imposed various restrictions on movement, travel and eventual lock-down which are focused on prioritising public health, reducing spread of the virus (\u201cflattening the curve\u201d) and saving lives. India has been under extended lockdown from March 24, 2020  to May 31, 2020 (version 4.0). On May 12, 2020, PM Modi announced an India vision to fulfil the dream of making India self -reliantin the 21st century, entitled Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan (Self-Reliant India Movement). A comprehensive special economic Aatmanirbhar package to the tune of Rs.20 trillion (USD 276 Bn), which is equivalent to almost 10% of India\u2019s GDP, was announced.<br \/>\r\nThe author\u2019s conclusions highlight limitations of GoI\u2019s policy responses \u2013COVID-19 curve not flattening despite extended lockdown; overall stimulus packages much smaller than requiredat 10% of GDP \u2013 mostly liquidity stimulus with an effective fiscal\/ cashstimulus of about 1.5%; delayed timing (took 7-8 weeks to be announced from the date of first lockdown); huge focus on rural India and the agricultural sector; possibly missing an opportunity to develop India into a leading global manufacturing base and services hub.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 224-229\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Jai Krishnan <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tConfederation of India Industry (2020) \u201cMicro, Medium and Small Scale Industry\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cii.in\/Sectors.aspx?enc=prvePUj2bdMtgTmvPwvisYH+5EnGjyGXO9hLECvTuNuXK6QP3tp4gPGuPr\/xpT2f<br \/>\r\n[2].\tEIU Digital Solutions. (n.d.). The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved from https:\/\/country.eiu.com\/india<br \/>\r\n[3].\tEvoma. (2020). SME sector in India- Statistics, Trends, Reports. Retrieved from https:\/\/evoma.com\/business-centre\/sme-sector-in-india-statistics-trends-reports\/<br \/>\r\n[4].\tFood Corporation of India. 2020. Food grain stocks. Retrieved from http:\/\/fci.gov.in\/stocks.php?view=46<br \/>\r\n[5].\tGovernment of India, Ministry of Home Affairs Foreign Division (Immigration section). (2020). Restrictions on international passenger in view of the spread of COVID-19. Retrieved from  https:\/\/www.mha.gov.in\/<br \/>\r\n[6].\tGovernment of India. (2020). Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan (Self-Reliant India Movement). Retrieved from https:\/\/transformingindia.mygov.in\/aatmanirbharbharat\/<br \/>\r\n[7].\tJohns Hopkins University.Ongoing.Covid-19 Map. Retrieved from https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html<br \/>\r\n[8].\tMinistry of Health and Family Welfare.(2020).COVID-19 INDIA. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mohfw.gov.in<br \/>\r\n[9].\tOffice of the Historian, Department of State United States of America.(2020). Marshall Plan,1948. Retrieved from https:\/\/history.state.gov\/milestones\/1945-1952\/marshall-plan<br \/>\r\n[10].\tOurWorldinData. (2020). Total confirmed COVID-19 cases: How rapidly they are increasing? Data published by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Retrieved from https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/daily-cases-covid-19?yScale=log&#038;country=BRA+CHN+IND+ITA+RUS+ESP+GBR+USA<br \/>\r\n[11].\tPMINDIA. 2020. PM gives a clarion call for AatmaNirbharBharat. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pmindia.gov.in\/en\/news_updates\/pm-gives-a-clarion-call-for-atmanirbhar-bharat\/?comment=disable<br \/>\r\n[12].\tReserve Bank of India. 2020. Governor\u2019s statement. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.rbi.org.in\/Scripts\/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=3859<br \/>\r\n[13].\tThe Marshall Plan. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.marshallfoundation.org\/marshall\/the-marshall-plan\/<br \/>\r\n[14].\tAcknowledgement: The idea for this paper came from SAE.\/ No.151\/ March 2020 (The Studies in Applied Economics Series) published byJohns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise \u2013\u201cPolicy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic\u201dauthored by Alexandria Edwards under the guidance of Professor Steve H. Hanke.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jai Krishnan &#8220;India: Official Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.224-229 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/224-229.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/224-229.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/india-official-responses-to-the-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>India: Official Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107a135 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"107a135\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107a20b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107a20b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107a38c\" data-id=\"107a38c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107a4a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107a4a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107a548 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107a548\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107a6d0\" data-id=\"107a6d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107a7ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107a7ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Variation of Some Physicochemical Parameters in Surface Water of Elelenwo River, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>EDORI, Onisogen Simeon, IYAMA, William Azuka, AMADI Mary Queenet Chidimma &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 230-235<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107a88d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107a88d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107aa0e\" data-id=\"107aa0e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107ab3e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"107ab3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Water samples collected from three points along the Elelenwo River in the months of June July and August were analyzed for some physicochemical parameters. The results showed variations of the parameters in the sampled locations and months. conductivity, turbidity, chlorides, and sulphates were higher than the recommended limit for domestic water by WHO, while other parameters such as TSS, TDS, temperature, pH, redox potential, salinity, nitrates and phosphates were within the acceptable limits. The mean values of the parameters within the period of analysis were conductivity, 11933.333\u00b13233.247 \u00b5S\/cm, total suspended solids (TSS), 17.333\u00b12.055 mg\/L, total dissolved solids (TDS), 6.407\u00b11.893 mg\/L, turbidity, 6.967 NTU, temperature, 23.917 oC, pH, 6.78\u00b10.041, redox potential, 174\u00b15.354, salinity 8.397\u00b11.406 mg\/L, chloride, 7108.667\u00b1310.201mg\/L, nitrates\t1.497\u00b10.089 mg\/L, sulphates, 751.111\u00b14.219 mg\/L and phosphates, 0.500\u00b10.016 mg\/L. the underlying condition of the water from the river showed human influence on the concentrations of some parameters and salt water influence on chlorides. Therefore, efforts should be geared at protecting the river from human interferences to enable it attains to suitability for human uses.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 230-235\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> EDORI, Onisogen Simeon <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Department, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> IYAMA, William Azuka  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Basic Studies, Rivers State College of Health Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> AMADI Mary Queenet Chidimma  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Department, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAmerican Public Health Association (APHA). (1995). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, Edn 19th, Washington, DC.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tArain, M.B., Kazi,T.G., Jamali,M.K.,Afridi, H.I.,Baig, J.A., Jalbani, N. and Shah, A.Q. (2008). Evaluation of physicochemical parameters of manchar lake water and their comparison with other global published values. PakistanJournal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, 9: 101-109.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAshu, A. and Parveen, T. (2010). Water Quality Assesment of Three Tributaries of Beas Drainage System in Himachal Pradesh in Upper Reaches of Himalayan Region. Biological Forum-An International Journal, 2(1): 63-66 (2010)<br \/>\r\n[4]\tDirican, S. (2015). Assessment of Water Quality Using Physico-chemical Parameters of \u00c7aml\u0131g\u00f6ze Dam Lake in Sivas, Turkey. Ecologia, 5 (1): 1-7.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tEdori, O. S. and Nna, P. J.  (2018). Determination of physicochemical parameters of effluents at discharge points into the New Calabar River along Rumuolumeni axis, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 8(3), DOI: 10.4172\/2161-0525.1000585.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tEdori, O. S., Kieri, B. S. I. and Festus, C. (2019). Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 3(2): 39-46.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tLee, N., Yee, T. L. and Grinang, J. (2012). Physico-chemical Characteristics in the Filling Phase of Bakun Hydroelectric Reservoir, Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology 2: 92-101.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tManohar, S. (2018). Physicochemical Parameters and Planktonic Species as Indicators to Assess Water Quality of River Basin and Winam (Nyanza) Gulf of Lake Victoria Catchment, Kisumu County, Kenya (East Africa). Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 8:2, DOI: 10.4172\/2161-0525.1000560<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMasood A. and Anwar, A. (2002). Water quality in and around industrialized city of Delhi East and Sahibabad, IndianJournalofEnvironmentalProtection, 22(8): 900-904.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tMuthukumar, A.,Idayachandiran, G.,Kumaresan, S., Kumar, T.A. andBalasubramanian, T. (2013). Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) in sediments of three different ecosystems from Southeast Coast of India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biology Archives, 4: 543\u2013549<br \/>\r\n[11]\tNdamitso. M. M., Idris, S., Likita, M. B., Jimoh, O., Tijani, A. I., Ajai, A. A. and Bala, M. (2013). Physicochemical and Escherichia coli assessment of selected sachet water produced in some areas of Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 5(3): 134-140<br \/>\r\n[12]\tQuevenco, R. (2011). Sustainable Growth of Coastal Waters: A pro\ufb01le of the history and levels of coastal pollution in the Caribbean emerges. IAEA Bulletin, 53(1): 32\u201337<br \/>\r\n[13]\tRaji, M. I. O., Ibrahim, Y. K. E., Tytler, B. A. and Ehinmidu, J. O. (2015). Physicochemical Characteristics of Water Samples Collected from River Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. AtmosphericandClimateSciences, 5 (3), 194.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tSawyer, C. N., McCarthy, P. L. andParkin, G. F. (1994)   Chemistry   for Environmental Engineering and Science. 4th edn. McGraw Hill International Edition, New York, pp: 365-577.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tSharma, V. andWalia, Y. K. (2014). Analysis of water quality using physicochemical parameters of GovindSagar Lake H.P. (India). AsianJournalofAdvancedBasicSciences, 2(3): 83-91.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSharma, V.,Walia, Y. K. and Kumar, A. (2015). Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters for Analysing Water: A Review. JournalofBiologyandChemistryChronicles, 2(1): 25-33.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tSposito, G. (1984). The surface chemistry of soils, Oxford University Press. 234 p<br \/>\r\n[18]\tVerma, S. R., Sharma, P., Tyagi, A., Rani, S. and Gupta, A. K. (1984). Pollution and saprobic status of eastern Kalinadi. Limnologia 15: 69-133.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tWHO (2011). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 4th Edition, WHO Press, Switzerland<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">EDORI, Onisogen Simeon, IYAMA, William Azuka, AMADI Mary Queenet Chidimma  &#8220;Variation of Some Physicochemical Parameters in Surface Water of Elelenwo River, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.230-235 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/230-235.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/230-235.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/variation-of-some-physicochemical-parameters-in-surface-water-of-elelenwo-river-rivers-state-niger-delta-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Variation of Some Physicochemical Parameters in Surface Water of Elelenwo River, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107b8cb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"107b8cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107b99f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107b99f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107bb1c\" data-id=\"107bb1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107bc33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107bc33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107c0d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107c0d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107c299\" data-id=\"107c299\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107c3b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107c3b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Livelihood Adaptation Strategies of Adolescent Girls on Climate Change in Southwest Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Adetutu O. Awoyemi, Olasimbo M. Apata, Abiodun Ajiboye &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 236-242<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107c458 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107c458\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107c5e4\" data-id=\"107c5e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107c71c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"107c71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined the effects of climate change on the adolescent girls\u2019 livelihood and the adaptation strategies employed by them in Southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Data were gathered through structured interview schedule from 240 adolescent girls. Data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentages and inferential statistical tools. The result shows that the respondents had a mean age of 15.6. Majority (82.1%) of the adolescent girl had secondary education and the mean household size was 8. The major effects of climate change identified by the adolescent girl was scarcity of water 83.3%, others were prolonged rain break 79.6% and disease outbreak 72.5%. Some of their livelihood adaptation strategies were fetching of water (86.7%) and firewood (71.2%) from long distances, helping vulnerable groups suffering from climate induce ailments (70.4%) and reduction in food intake (52.9%). The study shows that education(x2=17.565; p\u22640.007) and age (r=0.195; p\u22640.002) had a significant relationship with the adolescent girls livelihood adaptation strategies. The study confirms that adolescent girls play some important roles in helping their family to adapt to the effects of climate change.  It also reveals that there is a positive significant relationship between adaptation strategies employed by adolescent girls to the effects of climate change and the risk encountered by them (r=0.183;p\u22640.004), Therefore the adolescent girls must be regarded as one of the stakeholders on climate change issues and they should be empowered.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 236-242\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Adetutu O. Awoyemi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado \u2013 Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Olasimbo M. Apata<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado \u2013 Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abiodun Ajiboye <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado \u2013 Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdebo G.M., Sekumade A.B. (2012). Climate Change and adaptive Capacity of woman to rural water supply in Ekiti- State Nigeria. Academic Research Journal 4 (2): 386-399.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdejuwon, S.A. (2004). Impact of climate variability and climate change on crop yield in Nigeria. Lead paper presented at the stakeholder\u2019s workshop in Assessment of impacts and adaptation to climate change (conference centre) ObafemiAwolowo University, Ile \u2013 Ife, 20-21 September, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tApata T.,G Samuel K.D, Adeola A..O (2009). Analysis of climate change perception and adaptation among arable food crop farmers in south western Nigeria. A Paper Presentation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists\u201f 2009 Conference, Beijing, China, August 16-22, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBjorkman, M. 2007. \u201cIncome shocks and Gender Gaps in Education: Evidence\tfrom Uganda Retrieved May 15, 2015http:\/\/stcerd.ise.ac.uk\/seminar papers\/dg19022007pd.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCanadian International Development Agency (CIDA, 2002). Grade equality and climate change: Why consider gender equality when taking action on climate change? Canadian international Development\tAssociation.\twww,acid-cida.gc.cA\/INEJ\/IMAGES\/NSF\/Vlu\/Images\/Climate520change3\/$file\/Gender-Zpdf..<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDeressa, T. T., Hassan, R.. M. Ringler, C. Alemu T. and Yesuf M.. (2009). Determinants of farmers\u2019 choice of adaptation methods to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. Global Environmental Change, 19 (2),248-255.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDinar, A, Hassan, R, Kurukulasuriya, P, Benhin, J and Mendelsohn, R, (2006). The policy nexus between agriculture and climate change in Africa. A synthesis of the investigation under the GEF\/WB Project: Regional climate, water and agriculture: Impacts on and adaptation of agro-ecological systems in Africa. CEEPA Discussion Paper No. 39. Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFederal Ministry of Industry Trade and Investment (FMITI),2011 Report About Nigeria Facts and Figure On Climate Change. http:\/\/www.fmiti.gov.ng\/index.php\/about-nigeria\/facts-figures (accessed August 16, 2016)<br \/>\r\n[9].\tGrothman T. and Patty A.. (2005). Adaptive Capacity and Human Cognition. The process of individual adaptation to climate change. Global Environmental change 15) 199-213<br \/>\r\n[10].\tIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007: Climate Change 2007: Impacts,   Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third<br \/>\r\n[11].\tIPCC (2012). Managing the risks of extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A special report of working group I and II of the intergovernmental panel on climate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 582 pp.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tJahan, Selim.  2009.  \u201cFocus: Gender Effects of Economic Crisis.\u201d  Presentation at Levy Institute and GEM-IWG Conference, July. Retrieved from Economics of Crisis website: http:\/\/www.economicsofcrisis.com\/economics_of_crisis\/gender.html (Accessed in June 15, 2016)<br \/>\r\n[13].\tLevitus S. Antonou, J. I, Boyer T.D.,.Locarnin R.A,. Garcia H.E, and Mishonov A.V.(2009). \u201cGlobal ocean heat content 1955 \u2013 2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation\u201d AnAGU Journal vol.36 (7) pp: 4215-42991<br \/>\r\n[14].\tNeumayer, E. and Thomas P. (2007).  \u201cThe Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981\u20132002.\u201d  Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(3), 2007, pp. 551\u2013566.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tOkuli W.S., Jonathan S.M., Flavianus T.M.(2012). Perceived Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production. A General Analysis Done in Bahi and Kondo Districts, Dodoma Region Tanzania.Research Journal on Social Sciences. Vol.2, No.9.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tOzor N. and Nnaji C. (2011).The role of extension in agricultural adaptation to climate change in Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development. Vol.3(3)pp 42-50.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tPLAN (2013).In impact of climate change on children research report plan. Nepal by DPNet on July 26, 2013<br \/>\r\n[18].\tPolyak Leonard, Richard B. Alloy, John T. Andrews, Julie Brigham Grette, Thomas M. Cronin, Dennis A. Darby, Arthur S. Dyke, Joan J. Fitzpatrick, Svend Funder, Marika H. Miller, Matt. O. Regan, James Savella, Mark Serreze, Kristen St. John James, W.C. White, Eric Worlff (2009). \u201cHistory of Sea Ice in the Artic\u201d.In past climate variability and change in the Artic as at High Latitutdes US Geological survey. Climate change science programme. Synthesis and Assessment product in 1 \u2013 2 January, 2009.Chapter 7.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tRam R. (2008). Reproductive Tract Infection Among Female Adolescents. Studies on adolescent girls-Analytical review, National Institute of Public Co-operation &#038; Child development.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tShongwe P. Masuku M. B. Manyatasi A. M. (2014.) Cost Benefit Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation .Strategies on crop production system. A case of Mpolonijeni Area Development Programme in Swaziland Sustainable Agricultural Research journal vol. (3) pp37-49.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tSwarup A. Dankelman, L. Ahluwahala, K. and Hawrylyshyn,  K. (2011). Weathering the storm Adolescent Girls and Climate Change. New England Journal of Medicine. Plan international report p44. Plan UK London.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tThomas C. P., Peter A. S. and Stephanie H. (2009).\u201cState of the climate in 2008.Special supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. V.90, No.8, August 2009. Pp.517 \u2013 518.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tWomen Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) (2008). Gender, Climate Change and Human Society. Lessons from Bangladesh Ghana and Senegal. Women Environment and Development Organization, New York.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tWorld Health Organization (2009): Media Capture Pregnancy. Media Centra \u201cAdolescent pregnancy\u201d Fact sheet No.364. http:\/www.who.int\/media central (Accessed, Monday Thursday, 15, 2015).<br \/>\r\n[25].\tWorld Health Organization (WHO)\t(2009) http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentral\/]factsheets\/fs334\/ en\/indext.html (Accessed Thursday 15 June, 2015).<br \/>\r\n[26].\tIdrisa Y. L. ,Ogunbameru  B. O. Ibrahim A. A and  Bawa D. B. (2012). Analysis of Awareness and Adaptation to Climate Change among Farmers in the Sahel Savannah Agro-ecological Zone of Borno State,  Nigeria British Journal of Environment &#038; Climate Change 2(2): 216-226, 2012 SCIENCE DOMAIN international www.sciencedomain .org<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adetutu O. Awoyemi, Olasimbo M. Apata, Abiodun Ajiboye  &#8220;Livelihood Adaptation Strategies of Adolescent Girls on Climate Change in Southwest Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.236-242 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/236-242.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/236-242.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/livelihood-adaptation-strategies-of-adolescent-girls-on-climate-change-in-southwest-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Livelihood Adaptation Strategies of Adolescent Girls on Climate Change in Southwest Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107d513 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"107d513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107d5e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107d5e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107d758\" data-id=\"107d758\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107d86f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107d86f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107d915 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107d915\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107da83\" data-id=\"107da83\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107db94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107db94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Interest Rates and Return on Assets of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (2008-2017)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Prof (Mrs) Esther O. ADEGBITE, Dr Abolade Francis AKINTOLA, Adepeju Adetumilara ADEDIRE &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 243-250<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107dc34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107dc34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107ddb5\" data-id=\"107ddb5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107dee5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"107dee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper investigated relationship between interest rate and return on assets of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria from 2008 to 2017. Data considered for the study were obtained from secondary source while ten (10) deposit money banks were selected for the study.<br \/>\r\nData gathered were analyzed using regression estimate while panel data analysis was utilized to examine magnitude and significance of the relationship and the research variables. Panel unit root test and Pedroni residual co-integration test were also applied in the study.<br \/>\r\nThe study concluded that prime lending rate, ratio of loan to deposit and treasury bill do not significantly affect return on assets, while savings deposit rate and maximum lending rate exert positive and significant effect on return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria.<br \/>\r\nThe study recommends that policy making authorities in Nigeria should coordinate interest rate fluctuations better and induce competition in the entire financial sector.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 243-250\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof (Mrs) Esther O. ADEGBITE <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Finance, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr Abolade Francis AKINTOLA<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Finance, Babcock University, Ilishan \u2013 Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adepeju Adetumilara ADEDIRE <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Finance, Babcock University, Ilishan \u2013 Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAntonio, P.T. (2010). What determine the profitability of banks? Evidence from Spain. Department of Business Administration. Pablo de Olavide University.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBermanke, S. (2003). The Federal funds rate and channels of monetary transformation . American Economic Review 14 (12), 65-70.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBoyd, J &#038; Jalal, A (2012). A new measure of financial development. Journal of Development Economics, 16(7), 23-30.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tCBN (2016). Interest rate. Education in Economic Series, 4(3), 1-8<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCollins, J. (2017) Advantages of Return on Asstes. Retrieved on September 20, 2017 from http:\/\/pocketsense.com\/advantages-returnonassets-8237674.html.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tEnyioko, N. (2012) Impact of interest rate policy and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(21), 22-30.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFisher, I (1930). The debt-deflection theory of great depression. Econometrica 1: 337 &#8211; 351<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGurley, J. &#038; Shaw, E. (1960). Money in a theory of finance. Brookings Institutions, Washington.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tKalsoom, A. &#038; Kashif, M. (2016) A review of the impact of the interest rate spread in profitability in Pakistan. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 22(7), 89-95.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKeynes, J.M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. London, macmillan.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tKohn, M.(2004). Financial Institutions and markets Newyork: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMbua, S. (2007). Effect of Interest rates capping by The Central Bank of Kenya on listed banks. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 4(11), 50-56<br \/>\r\n[13].\tOjega, P. &#038; Omosefe, O. (2014). The impact of interst rate on bank deposit: Evidence from the Nigerian banking sector. Mediterranean Journal of Social  Science. 5(7); 23-44.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tOlowe, R.A (2009). Financial Management Concept, Financial system and business finance 2nd Ed. Briefly Jones Nigerian Limited, Lagos.<br \/>\r\n[15].\t Ozgur, O. &#038; Muhammed, S. (2016). Determinants of deposit banks profitability evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 5(7), 218-231.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tSaidu, M. &#038;Tumin, H. (2011). Performance and financial ratios of commercial banks in Malaysia and China. International Review of Business Research 171, 34-43<br \/>\r\n[17].\tSchumpeter, J. (1939) Business cycles. New York: McGraw-Hill.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tSiddik, N.A, Kabiraj, S. &#038; Joghee, S. (2017) Impact of Capital Structure on performance of banks in a developing economy. Evidence of Bangladesh. International Journal of Financial Studies 5(13), 1-18.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tWere, M. (2013). Determinants of interest rate spread in commercial banks. Journal of Finance 4, 73-82.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof (Mrs) Esther O. ADEGBITE, Dr Abolade Francis AKINTOLA, Adepeju Adetumilara ADEDIRE  &#8220;Interest Rates and Return on Assets of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (2008-2017)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.243-250 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/243-250.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/243-250.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/interest-rates-and-return-on-assets-of-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria-2008-2017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Interest Rates and Return on Assets of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (2008-2017)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107ee72 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"107ee72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107ef45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107ef45\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107f0c3\" data-id=\"107f0c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107f1ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107f1ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107f28b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107f28b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107f3ef\" data-id=\"107f3ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107f507 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"107f507\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Liquidity Management on Earnings per Share of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (2004-2017)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dr Olushola Babatunde OLUWALAIYE, Dr Abolade Francis AKINTOLA, Ibukun Gbemi BANWO &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 251-256<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-107f5b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"107f5b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-107f72a\" data-id=\"107f72a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107f862 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"107f862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper investigated effect of liquidity management on earnings per share (EPS) of selected deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria from 2004 to 2017 with sample size of eleven (11) banks. Secondary data obtained from annual published financial statement of selected deposit money banks were used for the study.<br \/>\r\nOrdinary Least Square (OLS) regression techniques were employed to analyze the data obtained. Results of the regression analysis shows that only current ratio has positive effects on earnings per share, while debt ratio and operating cashflow have negative effects. The study therefore concluded that liquidity management has significant effect on the earnings per share (EPS) of the selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that there should be implementation of policies to improve on the existing liquidity risk management policies of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Added to the recommendation above is that deposit money banks must engage in a creative search for liquidity investment opportunities not only for themselves, but also for their corporate customers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 251-256\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Olushola Babatunde OLUWALAIYE <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr Abolade Francis AKINTOLA <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Finance, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ibukun Gbemi BANWO <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Finance, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria                                                 <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tArif, A. (2012). Liquidity risk and performance of banking system. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 20(2), 182-195.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBibow, J. (2005). Liquidity preference theory revisited. The levy Economics Institute: Woking paper 427<br \/>\r\n[3].\tCsand, E. (2013). Price\/earnings per share a definition and advantages and disadvantages of P\/E. Retrieved on January 3, 2018 from https:\/\/hobpages.com\/money\/PE-ratio<br \/>\r\n[4].\tDaniel, B.E. (2017) Liquidity management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria (1986-2011). An investigation. International Journal of Economics, Finance  and Management Sciences, 5(3), 146-161<br \/>\r\n[5].\tDevinaga, R. (2010). Theoretical framework of profitability as applied to commercial banks in Malaysia. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences 4(4), 23-34.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tEjoh, N.O, Okpa, I.B. &#038; Egbe, A.A. (2014). The impact of credit and liquidity risk management on the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom 2(9).<br \/>\r\n[7].\tEljelly, A.M. (2004). Liquidity-profitability trade off: An empirical investigation in an emerging market. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 14(2), 48-61.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tEriki, P.O. &#038; Osifo, O. (2015) Determinant of performance efficiency in Nigerian banking industry. An ideal approach. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management 11(2), 1-13.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tJekinson, N. (2008). Strengthening regimes for controlling liquidity risk. Euro Money Conference on Liquidity and Funding Risk Management, Bank of England, London, 9.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tNevine, S.A. (2013). The impact of effective credit risk management on commercial banks liquidity performance: Case of Egypt. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Management Research (IJAFMR), 3(2), 13-32.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tNgwu, T.C. (2006) Bank Management. Owerri, Bob publisher.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tNwankwo, D. (1991) Prudential Regulation of Nigerian Banking. Publication: Lagos, University of Lagos Press.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tNzotta, S.M. (1997). Theory of Money and Finance. Owerri: Intercontinental educational books and publishers.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tOlowe, R.A. (2017) Financial Management: Concepts, Financial System and Business Finance. Fourth edition, Ibadan University press, Ibadan, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tRaheman, A &#038; Nasir, M. (2007) Working capital management and profitability. A case of Pakistan firms. International Review of Business Research Papers. 3(1), 279-300.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tSalim, M., &#038; Yadav, R. (2012). Capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Malaysian listed companies. International Congress on Interdisciplinary Business and Social Science, 65, 156-166.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tSanghani, D.A. (2014) The effect of liquidity on the financial performance of non-financial companies listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. A Master of Science Dissertation, University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tSiddik, M. N, Kabiraj, S, &#038; Joghee, S. (2017). Impacts of capital structure on performance of banks in a developing economy: Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Financial Studies, 5(13), 1-18.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tVossennand, D. (2010). Theoretical framework of profitability as applied to commercial banks in Malaysian. European journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences. 19(9), 75-97.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Olushola Babatunde OLUWALAIYE, Dr Abolade Francis AKINTOLA, Ibukun Gbemi BANWO  &#8220;Effect of Liquidity Management on Earnings per Share of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (2004-2017)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.251-256 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/251-256.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/251-256.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-liquidity-management-on-earnings-per-share-of-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria-2004-2017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Liquidity Management on Earnings per Share of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (2004-2017)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10805f0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"10805f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10806be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10806be\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1080833\" data-id=\"1080833\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1080954 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1080954\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10809ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10809ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1080e52\" data-id=\"1080e52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1080fc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1080fc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Internal Audit and Control on Organizational Objective Achievement<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Olukayode Ezekiel Ibironke, Ndubuisi Ikechi Elewor &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 257-264<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1081073 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1081073\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1081212\" data-id=\"1081212\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1081350 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1081350\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Internal audit and control are geared towards safeguarding the resources of the organization and achieving the organizational objective. The study investigates the role of internal audit and control on organizational objective achievement of selected deposit money banks in Ojo and Amuwo Odofin, Lagos. Organizational objective was measured by revenue and profitability and shareholders\u2019 value. A survey design; primary source of data was used through administration of questionnaires. The study used a sample size of one hundred and sixty (160) staff members in ten (10) banks. The data collected through the distribution of questionnaires was analyzed using the simple regression analysis with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). It was discovered that the combined role of internal audit and control has a significant positive influence on revenue and profit generation of the banks. Also, internal audit and control has a positive effect on shareholders\u2019 value of the banks. Conclusively, internal audit and control has a positive effect on organizational objective. The study recommends that banks that seek to achieve it organizational objective with respect to revenue enhancement and profitability should improve in their internal audit functions and control system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 257-264\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Olukayode Ezekiel Ibironke <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ndubuisi Ikechi Elewor <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAl Matari E.M., Al-Swidi A.K. &#038; Fadzil F.H.B. (2014).Audit committee characteristics and executive committee characteristics and firm performance in Oman: Empirical Study. Asian Social Science.  10(12), 98.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAyagre, P., Appiah-Gyamerah, &#038; Joseph, N.(2014). The effectiveness of internal control systems of banks. The Case of Ghanaian Banks. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 4(2), 377-389<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAyyash , M.Y.(2017).The impact of internal control requirements on profitability of Palestinian shareholding companies Palestinian Banking Sector. Master thesis, The Islamic University\u2013Gaza.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBett,C.C.(2014).The relationship between effectiveness of Internal audit function and financial performance of companies listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange .MBA project, University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tBubilek, O. (2017). Importance of internal audit and internal control in an organization \u2013 Case Study. International Business Degree Thesis, Arcada<br \/>\r\n[6]\tChen, H. &#038; Shi, Y. (2012).Empirical study on the correlation between the internal control and enterprise value \u2013 Based on the information system.7(7).<br \/>\r\n[7]\tDeegan, C. M. (2009). Financial accounting theory (3ed.). North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tEjoh, N. O.  &#038; Ejom, P. E. (2014).The effect of internal audit function on the financial performance of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(10).<br \/>\r\n[9]\t\tEmefiele, G. (2018). Nigeria can\u2019t afford another bank distress. Punch newspaper. Retrieved from https:\/\/punchng.com\/nigeria-cant-afford-another-bank-distress\/.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tEniola, O. J. &#038; Akinselure, O. P.(2016). Effect of internal control on financial performance of firms in Nigeria: A study of selected manufacturing firms. Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM); 10(18), 80-85.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tFadzil, F. H., Haron, H., &#038; Jantan, M. (2005). Internal auditing practices and internal control system. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(8), 844 \u2013 866<br \/>\r\n[12]\tGilandeh, Z.R.,  Khodabakhshi, N.&#038;  Moghanlo, A.P.(2016). Studying the effectiveness of the internal control System on the corporate value and dividend in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Journal of Economics and Finance,7(1)92-98<br \/>\r\n[13]\tGill, G. S., &#038; Cosserat, G. W. P. (1993). Modern auditing in Australia (3rd. ed.). Milton, Queensland: John Wiley &#038; Sons.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tHalimah, N., Radiah, O., Rohana, O., &#038; Kamaruzaman, J. (2009). The effectiveness of internal audit in Malaysian public sector. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 53-62.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tHair,J., Black, W.,Babin B., &#038; Anderson , R. (2014).  Multivariance data analysis.7th Ed. Pearson new international edition: UK<br \/>\r\n[16]\tHayali, A., Dinc, Y., Sarih, S., Dizman, A. S., &#038; G., A. (2012). Importance of Internal Control Systems in the Banking Sector: Evidence from Turkey. Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tHaron, H., Ibrahim, D. D. N., Jeyaraman, K., &#038; Chye, O. H. (2010). Determinants of internal control characteristics influencing voluntary and mandatory disclosures. Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(2), 140-159.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tJin, J.Y., Kanagaretnam, K., Lobo, G.J., &#038; Mathieu, R. (2013). Impact of FDICIA internal controls on bank risk taking. Journal of Banking &#038; Finance, 37(2), 614-624.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tKaragiorgos T., Drogalas, G., Pazarskis, M. &#038; Christodoulou, P. (2007). Internal auditing as a main tool for efficient risk assessment. Management of International Business &#038; Economic Systems (MIBES) Conference, Dept. of Business Administration of the TEI of Larissa, Larissa, Greece, Conference Proceedings.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tKPMG (2016). Seeking value through internal audit. KPMG International Cooperative, KPMG.com<br \/>\r\n[21]\tLjubisavljevi\u0107, S. &#038; Jovanovi\u0107, D. (2011). Empirical research on the internal audit position of companies in Serbia. Economic annals. 56(191), 123-141.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tMawanda, S. P. (2008). Effects of internal control systems on financial performance in an Institution of Higher Learning in Uganda: A Case of Uganda Martyrs University.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tMuchiri, N.W. &#038;  Jagongo, A.(2017). Internal auditing and financial performance of public institutions in Kenya: A case study of Kenya Meat Commission. African Journal of Business Management, 11(8), 168-174<br \/>\r\n[24]\tOkafor, C., &#038; Ibadin, P. (2009). The imperatives of internal audit in Nigerian banks: Issues and prospects. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 21-27<br \/>\r\n[25]\tOkezie, B. N. (2004) Auditing and Investigations. Owerri: Bon Publications<br \/>\r\n[26]\t\tOkoli, M.N. (2012).The role of internal audit in financial institution: A case study of Nigeria agricultural and corporative bank, First bank of Nigeria and United bank of Africa plc. British Journal of Science. 5(1).<br \/>\r\n[27]\tOndieki, N. M. (2012). Effect of internal audit on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.  Master Project, University Of Nairobi, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tRennox,A.G.(2017). The effect of internal controls on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. .IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance. 8(3): 92-105<br \/>\r\n[29]\tRittenberg, L.E. &#038; Schweieger, B.J. (2001). Auditing: Concepts for a Changing Environment, South-Western College Pub; 3rd edition<br \/>\r\n[30]\tSayag, A. C. (2012). The effectiveness of internal auditing. Australian Accounting Review, 45(4), 286-290.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tSaud, S. (2015).The role of internal audit in organization goals achievements: A Security of Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) Perspective. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(24)<br \/>\r\n[32]\tSokiri, H. (2017).Assessment of the impact of internal audit on Cut Hotel profitability.  Bachelor Project, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tSubramaniam, N. (2006). Agency theory and accounting research: An overview of some conceptual and empirical issues. In Z. Hoque (Ed.), Methodological issues in accounting research: Theories and methods (pp. 55-77). Geelong, Australia: Spiramus.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tTerinte, P., Onofrei, M. &#038; Firtescu, B. (2016).Internal audit implications on bank profitability. The Romanian Case.   Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Serie; 25(1):790-799.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tThe Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales [ICAEW]. (2005). Agency theory and the role of audit: ICAEW.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tThe Institute of Internal Auditors [IIA]. (2010b). Definition of internal auditing. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.theiia.org\/guidance\/standards-and-guidance\/ippf\/ definition-of-internal-auditing\/<br \/>\r\n[37]\tThe Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) (2011), International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF), Florida: The IIA Research Foundation.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olukayode Ezekiel Ibironke, Ndubuisi Ikechi Elewor  &#8220;The Role of Internal Audit and Control on Organizational Objective Achievement&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.257-264 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/257-264.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/257-264.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-internal-audit-and-control-on-organizational-objective-achievement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Role of Internal Audit and Control on Organizational Objective Achievement<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1082124 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1082124\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10821f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10821f2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1082370\" data-id=\"1082370\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1082497 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1082497\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-108253e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"108253e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10826a6\" data-id=\"10826a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10827c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10827c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Discovery Learning on Students\u2019 Achievement and Retention in Probability: A Case Study of Chinika Secondary School<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Medson Maxalex Hamaila, Jacob Hamanenga &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 265-278<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10828a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10828a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1082a27\" data-id=\"1082a27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1082b5f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1082b5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was an investigation on the impact of discovery learning on learners\u2019 achievement and retention in probability at Chinika secondary school of Lusaka district in Lusaka province of Zambia. The assumption behind this research is that pupils encounter difficulties in probability by not using the correct formula, not finding the correct probabilities and above all not drawing the probability tree diagrams correctly, leading to poor performance in probability and mathematics as a whole. To that effect, discovery learning approach was used in order to find out if it can have an impact on students\u2019 achievement and retention in probability. This study adopted the quasi-experimental non-randomised pre-test, post-test, post-test control research design in which two grade 11 classes, selected at random, one from the morning session and the other from the afternoon session were used in the study. The experimental group, which was the afternoon class had 65 participants and the control group which was the morning class had 65 participants making a total of 130 participants. The questionnaires, pre-test, post-test1 and post-test2 were used for data collection. Data obtained from the achievement and retention tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and the hypotheses tested using the independent samples mann-whitney u test. The Pupils Questionnaires which were open-ended were issued to the control group of 65 participants and teachers Questionnaires were issued to 10 teachers, but only 7 were responded to. The analysis of the Questionnaires was done by categorising the responses of the pupils and the teachers into two categories i.e. lack of understanding and lack of materials categories. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in achievement scores and retention scores in probability when discovery learning approach was used for the experimental group than the control group taught by direct instructions (traditional learning approach).The study, therefore, recommended the use of discovery learning approaches when learning probability at Chinika secondary school.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 265-278\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Medson Maxalex Hamaila <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Jacob Hamanenga <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlfieri, L Brooks, P.J, Aldrich. N.J &#038; Tenenbaum, H.R (2011). Does discovery based instruction enhance learning? Journal of education psychology, 103(1), 1- 1.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tHotmikaSihombing.\u201dThe Effect of Discovery learning model to students\u2019 mathematical concept mastery,\u201dJose Journal of Research method in Education (JOSR-JRME), vol 7, no 5, 2017,    pp,18.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tThomas A. Romberg and jack shepler .Retention of Probability Concepts: A pilot study into the Effects of Mastery learning with sixth Grade students,\u201d Journal for Research    in   mathematics Education, vol4, no1(jan 1973), pp 26-32.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tOdette Umugiranza and Sarah Bansilal. Exploring teachers practice in teaching mathematics and statistics in Kwa Zulu natal schools, South African journal of Education, vol 37, no2, may, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tJunior, A.P.O. ,Zamora P. R., Oliveira L. A. D and Souza, T.C.D (2017) Student\u2019s Attitudes Towards Probability and Statistics and Academic Achievement on Higher Education, ActaDidacticaNapocensia, 11(2), 43-56<br \/>\r\n[6]\tOgbe Alphonsus Okori and Omenka Jerry. Improvisation and utilisation of Resources in the Teaching and learning of science and mathematics in secondary school in cross River State.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tNkopodi Nkopodi and Mogege Mosimege. Incorporating the indigenous game of murabaraba in the learning of mathematics, South African journal of Education 2009, vol 29.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tT.Martaida, N.Bukit, and E.M.Ginting,\u201d The Effect of discovery learning model on students critical thinking and cognitive ability in junior high school.\u201d josr journal of Research and method in Education (JOSR-JRME), vol 7(6) pp. 1-8, 2017)<br \/>\r\n[9]\tThomas A.Romberg and jack shepherd, Mastery learning with sixth- Grade Students.\u201d Journal for Research in mathematics Education. Vol 4, no 2 (jan 1973) pp 26-32.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tBerding, J.W.A (2000). John Dewey\u2019s Participatory Philosophy of Education: Education, experience and Curriculum [online]. Available: http: \/\/ www.socsci. Kun.nl\/ ped\/ whp\/hisleduc \/misc \/deweyol. Html.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tBruner, J.S (1961). \u201cThe act of discovery\u201d. Harvard educational review 31(1): 21-32.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tCockcroft, W.H. (1982). Mathematics Counts. A report of the committee into the teaching of mathematics in schools, London: Her Majesty\u2019s stationary office.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tCurriculum Development Centre (CDC.2012) \u2018O\u2019 Level Mathematics (corades 10 to 12) Lusaka CDC.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tDewey, John (1916). Democracy and Education: An introduction to the Philosophy of Education New York: Macmillan. Retrieved 4 may 2016- via internet Archive.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tDevos, S., Strydom, H., Fouche C., &#038; Deport, C. (2005). Research at Grassroots for the Social Science and Human Services Professions.  3rd edition, Pretoria: Van Schalk Publisher.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tExaminations Council of Zambia (2008), Examiner\u2019s Report on 2007 Joint School Certificate and General Certificate of Education Examinations.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tExaminations Council of Zambia (2011), Examiner\u2019s Report on 2010 Joint School Certificate and General Certificate of Education Examinations.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tExaminations Council of Zambia (2012), School Certificate and General Certificate of Examinations Mathematics Examiner\u2019s Report: Lusaka.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tExaminations council of Zambia (2014), Examiner\u2019s Report on  Joint School Certificate and General Certificate of Education Examinations.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tT.Martaida, N.Bukit and E.M.Ginting( 2017). The Effect of Discovery learning model on students Critical thinking and cognitive ability in junior high school, JOSR journal of research and method   in Education (JOSR-JRME),Vol 7(6) pp 1-8.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tMayer, R. (2004). \u201cShould there be a three- strike rule against pure discovery learning? The case for guided methods of instruction\u201d.  American Psychologist 59 (1): 14-19.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Medson Maxalex Hamaila, Jacob Hamanenga  &#8220;Impact of Discovery Learning on Students\u2019 Achievement and Retention in Probability: A Case Study of Chinika Secondary School&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.265-278 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/265-278.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/265-278.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-discovery-learning-on-students-achievement-and-retention-in-probability-a-case-study-of-chinika-secondary-school\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Discovery Learning on Students\u2019 Achievement and Retention in Probability: A Case Study of Chinika Secondary School<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1083b5b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1083b5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1083c3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1083c3a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1083dbb\" data-id=\"1083dbb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1083ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1083ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1083fa6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1083fa6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1084112\" data-id=\"1084112\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108422c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"108422c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees&#8217; Job Satisfaction: A Revisiting Literature Review in Different Sectors<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Anindita Das, Dr. P.C Tripathy &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 279-284<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10842ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10842ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1084460\" data-id=\"1084460\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1084594 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1084594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study aims to focus on a critical review of the relationship between organizational culture and the employees job satisfaction level. Organizational culture is the basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of the organization. Culture is considered as an internal variable meaning that it is something that organization has (Schein 1986). Job satisfaction refers to the perceptions of their working environment, relations among colleagues, earnings and promotion opportunities of the employees. The review will be reflecting the contemporary job-related factors like job satisfaction are related to their perceptions of their working environment, relations with colleagues, institution aims and strategies and success criteria. In addition, the employees\u2019 preferred organizational culture is likely to be affected by demographic characteristics such as gender, sex and marital status. Therefore, that measuring and analyzing an organization\u2019s culture in combination with its employees\u2019 demographic and individual characteristics may lead to valuable conclusions, so that job satisfaction is promoted.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 279-284\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Anindita Das <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of MBA, Srusti Academy of Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. P.C Tripathy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Sambalpur University, Odisha, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tShahzad, F., Iqbal, Z., &#038; Gulzar, M. (2013). Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees Job Performance: An Empirical Study of Software Houses in Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(2), 56-64.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tMathew, J. (2007). The relationship of organisational culture with productivity and quality: A study of Indian software organisations. Employee Relations,29(6), 677-695.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tR. Durgadevi, S Vasantha(2017) Organisational Culture and its Impact on Employee Performance:(A Study with Reference to IT Sector Chennai)Indian Journal of Public Health Research &#038; Development, April-June 2017, Vol. 8, No. 2.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tD. Deepali (2018) A Study on Linkage Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention International Journal for Research in Applied Science &#038; Engineering Technology (IJRASET)ISSN: 2321-9653; Volume 6 Issue VI.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tJ.Akbar , A.Nirmal, A.K.Subramani (2016)Employees&#8217; Job Satisfaction in Information Technology Organizations in Chennai City-An Empirical Study, Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6, No. 4, April 2016, pp. 602-614. ISSN 2249-7315.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tUmar Fawad Sharif,(2016) An Investigative Study On Job Satisfaction Level Of Employees Working In Software Industry, A View Point Of Employees In Pakistan,  Volume 2 Issue 1, pp. 415-432<br \/>\r\n[7].\tAbdul Khaliq Alvi, Ayesha Javed (2017) Impact Of Organizational Culture And Employees Satisfaction On Organizational Performance In Banking Sector Of Lahore, Sci.Int.(Lahore),29(4),975-979,2017 ISSN 1013-5316;CODEN: SINTE 8.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tStephen Gatonye Njuguna(2016) Factors Affecting Employee Satisfaction in the Banking Industry: Case of Consolidated Bank of Kenya Limited, Kenya European Journal of Business and Strategic Management Vol.1, Issue 1 No.1, pp 51-69, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tSenawirathna, CJ(2017) Factors Affecting to Job Satisfaction of Banking Employees in Sri Lanka with Special Reference Public and Private Banks in Anuradhapura District.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tObulesu Varikunta (2019) ,The Level of Employees Job Satisfaction in Public Sector Bank, With Special Reference to SBI Banks in Rayalaseema Division,  International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2, July 2019.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tMohammad Abdolshah,(2017) Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Banking Sector Employees (The case study: Asgariyeh and MehrIran Banks in Qazvin and Alborz, Iran) Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 2018, 1, pp. 207-222.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tTaye, Markos(2019), Organizational culture and its influence on the performance of higher education institutions: The case of a state university in Beijing, International \tJournal of Research Studies in Education,2019 Volume 8 Number 2, 77-90.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tAwais Imam, (2013)Organizational Culture and Performance of Higher Educational \tInstitutions: the Mediating Role of Individual Readiness for ChangeEuropean Journal of \tBusiness and Management  ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.5, \tNo.20, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tTariq Jalees &#038; Shaguft a Ghaur (2016), Influence of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention: A Study on a Pakistani Private University M<br \/>\r\n[15].\tOdor, Hillary. (2018). Organisational Culture and Dynamics. International Journal of \tScientific Research and Management. 6. 10.18535\/ijsrm\/v6i1.em05.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tSreekumaran Nair, Sree Lekshmi &#038; Sommerville, Steve. (2017). Impact of \tOrganizational Culture on the Indian I.T Workforce&#8217;s Job Satisfaction and Stress: \tQualitative Report from SMEs operating in Trivandruam. International Journal of \tAcademic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 7. 237-246.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tChopra, Komal. (2020). Study on organisational culture and its impact on business \toperations and quality in ITES industry in Chennai.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tBiason, Ricardo. (2014). The Effect Of Job Satisfaction On Employee \tRetention.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tJan, N Akbar &#038; Raj, Nirmal &#038; Subramani, A K. (2016). Employees&#8217; Job Satisfaction \tin Information Technology Organizations in Chennai City-An Empirical Study. Asian  Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities. 6. 602. 10.5958\/2249-\t7315.2016.00082.4.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tNazir, Saqib &#038; Sharif, Umar. (2016). An Investigative study on job satisfaction level \tof Employees working in Software Industry, A View point of Employees in Pakistan.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tKhaliq, Abdul &#038; Javed, Ayesha &#038; Ashfaq, Anam &#038; Kalsoom, Sumaira. (2017). \tImpact Of Organizational Culture And Employees Satisfaction On Organizational \tPerformance In Banking Sector Of Lahore. 975-979.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tNjuguna, Stephen G. and Emmanuel Ojwang Owuor. \u201cFactors Affecting Employee \tSatisfaction in the Banking Industry: Case of Consolidated Bank of Kenya Limited, \tKenya.\u201d (2016).<br \/>\r\n[23].\tWeerasinghe, Salinda &#038; Dedunu, Harshani &#038; Jayani, Chiranthani. (2017). Factors \tAffecting to Job Satisfaction of Banking Employees in Sri Lanka Special Reference \tPublic and Private Banks in Anuradhapura District. Business and Management Horizons. \t5. 62. 10.5296\/bmh.v5i1.10987.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tObulesu, Varikunta. (2020). Public Sector Bank Employees Job Satisfaction Towards \tState Bank Of India In Rayalaseema Division, Andhra Pradesh. Journal Of Mechanics Of \tContinua And Mathematical Sciences. spl5. 10.26782\/jmcms.spl.5\/2020.01.00005.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tTaye, Markos &#038; Guoyuan, Sang &#038; Muthanna, Abdulghani. (2019). Organizational \tculture and its influence on the performance of higher education institutions: The case of a state university in Beijing. 8. 77-90. 10.5861\/ijrse.2019.3026.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tImam, Awais &#038; Abbasi, Abdus &#038; Muneer, Saima &#038; Qadri, Mubashar. (2013). \tOrganizational Culture and Performance of Higher Educational Institutions: the \tMediating Role of Individual Readiness for Change. European Journal of Business and \tManagement. 5.<br \/>\r\n[27].\thttps:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2991\/icsshe-17.2017.26<br \/>\r\n[28].\tVasyakin, Bogdan &#038; Ivleva, Marina &#038; Pozharskaya, Y.L. &#038; Shcherbakova, O.I.. \t(2016). A study of the organizational culture at a higher education institution (case study: \tPlekhanov Russian university of economics (PRUE)). 11. 11515-11528.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tBashayreh, Anas &#038; Assaf, Nasser &#038; Alqudah, Mohammad. (2016). Prevailing \tOrganizational Culture and Effect on Academic Staff Satisfaction in the Malaysian \tHigher Education Institutes. 11. 89-102.<br \/>\r\n[30].\t Mohammed, Abdulrazzaq &#038; Alaghbari, Mohammed &#038; Baligh, Ali &#038; Beshr, Hasan. \t(2019). Factors Influencing Employee Satisfaction in Education Sector at Sana&#8217;a, Yemen. \t11. 31-37. 10.7176\/EJBM\/11-9-05.<br \/>\r\n[31].\tJyoti, Jeevan &#038; Sharma, R.. (2006). Job Satisfaction among School Teachers. IIMB \tManagement Review. 18. 349-363.<br \/>\r\n[32].\tHanaysha, Jalal. (2016). Determinants of Job Satisfaction in Higher Education Sector: \tEmpirical Insights from Malaysia. International Journal of Human Resource Studies. 6. 10.5296\/ijhrs.v6i1.9199.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anindita Das, Dr. P.C Tripathy  &#8220;Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees&#8217; Job Satisfaction: A Revisiting Literature Review in Different Sectors&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.279-284 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/279-284.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/279-284.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-organizational-culture-on-employees-job-satisfaction-a-revisiting-literature-review-in-different-sectors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees&#8217; Job Satisfaction: A Revisiting Literature Review in Different Sectors<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1085372 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1085372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1085442 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1085442\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10855be\" data-id=\"10855be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10856ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10856ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-108578f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"108578f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10858f8\" data-id=\"10858f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1085a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1085a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Women Entrepreneurs: An Overview about Growth and Various Problem Faced by Them<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Sisir Ghorai, Shruti Sengupta &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 285-288<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1085abb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1085abb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1085c40\" data-id=\"1085c40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1085d6a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1085d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Women constitute the family that leads to the society and Nations. In traditional Indian societies, they were confined to four walls. In modern society, they come out of four walls and to participate in the all activities including entrepreneurship. At present situation women empowerment plays a vital role in changing the economic situation of the world. The presence of women is especially commendable for the development and improve of the economic condition in the country .The world development report 2012 represent that , women own business is particularly responsible for the country\u2019s economic growth and employment . The Self Help Group [SHG] has paved the way for economic independence of rural women. The members of SHGs are involved in micro-entrepreneurships. Through that, they are becoming economically independent and providing employment opportunities to others. In India empowering women through entrepreneurship has become an integral part of our development efforts because of three important reasons: women development, economic growth and societal stability. In this study we try to evaluate the factors responsible for encouraging women to become entrepreneur\u2019s and the problem faced by them.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 285-288\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sisir Ghorai <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Kuturia, Bhadutala, Paschim Medinipur, Pin- 721129, West Bengal, India <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Shruti Sengupta <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Kuturia, Bhadutala, Paschim Medinipur, Pin- 721129, West Bengal, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1].\tTiwari, N.(2017). Women Entrepreneurship in India: A Literature Review, Amity Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp 47-60<br \/>\r\n[2].\tThyagaraju, N. (2017). Women Entrepreneurship Development Practices in India \u2013 A Review, Global Journal For Research Analysis, ISSN-2277-8160, Vol. 6, Issue 9.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tDhekale. (2016). Performance of Women Entrepreneurship in India, International Journal of Management, ISSN-0976-6502,Vol.-7, Issue-I, pp. 123-131.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tMantok, S. (2016). Role of Women Entrepreneurship in Promoting Women Empowerment, International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN-2394-7926, Vol.-II, Issue-10.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tSoundaraja,et. al. (2016).Problem Faced by Women Entrepreneurs, International Journal of Researchgranthalayah, Vol.4.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tKumar P. (2015) A Study on Women Entrepreneurs In India, International Journal of Applied Science &#038; Technology Research Excellence ,ISSN-2250-2718, Vol. 5, Issue5.<br \/>\r\n[7].\t Sugaraj, J. M. et. al. (2014).A Study of Women Entrepreneurship and their Problems in the Development of Western Maharashtra, IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, ISSN-2321-5925, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp 79-83.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFazalbhhoy, S. (2014). Women Entrepreneurship as the Way for Economic Development, Annual Research Journal of Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, ISSN 2348-0661, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp 117-127.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tMahajan, S. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship in India, Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, ISSN-2248-9878, Vol. 3, Number 10, pp. 1143-1148.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tJamali, D.(2008), Constraints and Opportunities Facing Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries, Gender in Management : An International Journal,ISSN-1754-2413, Vol.-24 No. 4, pp-232-251.<br \/>\r\n[11].\thttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/332105991_Women_Entrepreneurship_in_Backward_Region_A_Study_in_Jhargram_District_of_West_Bengal<br \/>\r\n[12].\thttp:\/\/www.dcmsme.govt.in\/ssiindia\/census\/ch11.htm<br \/>\r\n[13].\tEib, C. et. al. (2019), Is Female Entrepreneurship Only Empowering for Single Women<br \/>\r\n[14].\tVossenberg, S. (2016). Gender \u2013 Aware Women\u2019s Entrepreneurship Development for Inclusive Development in Sub-Saharan Africa.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tShah, H. (2013), Creating an Enabling Environment For Women\u2019s Entrepreneurship In India.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tGhani, E. et.al. (2014). Political Reservations and Women\u2019s Entrepreneurship in India..<br \/>\r\n[17].\tSamani, Veena, S.(2008). A Study of Women Entrepreneurs Engaged in Food Processing, Thesis PhD, Saurashtra University.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tSathiabama, K. (2010). Rural Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tGhani, E. et.al. (1968), Political Reservations and Women\u2019s Entrepreneurship in India.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tNiethammer, C. et. al. Women Entrepreneurship and Opportunity to Promote Development and Business<br \/>\r\n[21].\tKumar, A.,Verma, R. Women as Entrepreneurs in India.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tMeunier, F. et. al. Women\u2019s Entrepreneurship \u2013 How to Measure the Gap between New Female and Male Entrepreneurs?<br \/>\r\n[23].\tYadav, V. et. al., Women Entrepreneurship: Research Review and Future Directions, Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sisir Ghorai, Shruti Sengupta  &#8220;Women Entrepreneurs: An Overview about Growth and Various Problem Faced by Them&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.285-288 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/285-288.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/285-288.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/women-entrepreneurs-an-overview-about-growth-and-various-problem-faced-by-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Women Entrepreneurs: An Overview about Growth and Various Problem Faced by Them<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1086d43 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1086d43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1086e17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1086e17\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1086f92\" data-id=\"1086f92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10870ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10870ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-108715d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"108715d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10872d4\" data-id=\"10872d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10873e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10873e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Congruence of Ethical Leadership: An Examination of Leadership and Organizational Ethical Climate in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Chikelu Okey Felix. PhD,  Bala Aliyu Kardi, Mustapha Shehu &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 289-293<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1087481 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1087481\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1087603\" data-id=\"1087603\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1087749 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1087749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nowadays, organizations that ignor the importance of leadership ethicality and role might yield negative and imprecise results. Thus, leaders are required not only to develop but equally nuture a strong ethical organizational climate and internalise other moral values in modern organization. Against that backdrop, very little studies were able to integrate leadership values with organizational ethical climate and other moral values. though much have been written on ethics, moral values and leadership styles. Consequently, this study explored the development and validation of a theory and an instrument to explain the structural relationship between the itemized variables in the context of Nigeria business organization. Findings indicated that altruism positively influences and affects ethical leadership while ethical leadership equally has a significant positive effect on organizational ethical climate. Furthermore, integrity was observed to significantly moderate the positive effect of ethical leadership on organizational ethical climate. Against the above backgroud therefore, and based on findings, it is advocated that simultaneous application of multiple leadership styles in enhancing subordinates\u2019 and organizational general ethicality. Thus, this requires further exploration and  might  lead to reconceptualization of ethical leadership and its dimensions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 289-293\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chikelu Okey Felix. PhD <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nWaziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,  Kebbi State. Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Bala Aliyu Kardi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nWaziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,  Kebbi State. Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mustapha Shehu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nWaziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,  Kebbi State. Nigeria  <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbrhiem, T. H. (2012). Ethical leadership: Keeping values in business cultures. Business and Management Review, 2(7), 11-19.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAvolio, B. J., &#038; Gardner, W. L. (2005) Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315-338.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAvolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., &#038; Jung, D. I. (1999) Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership, using the Multifactor Leadership Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 72(4), 441-462.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAvolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., &#038; Zhu, F. W. W. (2004) Multifactor leadership questionnaire: manual and sampler set. Menlo Park^ eA CA: Mind Garden<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAvolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., &#038; Bhatia, P. (2004) Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance  Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(8), 951-968<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational psychologist, 28(2), 117-148<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBatmanghlich, C. A. (2015). What is Leadership? In Why Leaders Fail Ethically (pp. 5-32) Springer International Publishing<br \/>\r\n[8].\tChikelu, O. F., (2017). Demoratic Government:  The Common Good, Nation Building in nigeria Public Sector, International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp: (63-70), Month: March \u2013 April 2017, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.comJ<br \/>\r\n[9].\tCiulla, J.B. (2004). Ethics, the Heart of Leadership. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tEisenbei\u00df, S. A., &#038; Brodbeck, F. (2014). Ethical and unethical leadership: A cross-cultural and cross-sectoral analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(2), 343-359..<br \/>\r\n[11].\tFelix, C. O. Ahmad, A. H. B., &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2015). Examining Ethical Reasoning and Transactional Leadership Style In The Nigerian Public Sector. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(6), 88-94<br \/>\r\n[12].\tFelix, C. O. Ahmad, A. H. B., &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2016).  Examining Ethical Reasoning and Transformational Leadership Style in Nigeria Public Sector SAGE Open, 6(2), 2158244016635256<br \/>\r\n[13].\tFelix, C. O., Ahmad, A. H. B., &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2015). Individualismand collectivism as moderators of moral reasoning and transformational leadership style in the Nigerian Public Sector.Journal of US-China Public Administration, 12, 568-577.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tFelix, C.O, Ahmad, A. H. B. &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2015).  The moderating Effect of Religiosity and Vertical Individualism on Transformational Leadership Style and Ethical Reasoning in the Nigerian Public Sector (IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Vol, 20, Issue 10,<br \/>\r\n[15].\tFulcayam, F. (1992):\tThe Ent of History and the Last Man, London, Penguim Books Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tKey, Jr. V. O. (1995):\t\u201cA Theory of Critical Election\u201d Journal of Politics, Vol. 17.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tKimberling, L. S. (2008). Ethical reasoning and transformationalleadership: An investigation of public sector leaders. Available from ProQuest.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tNorthouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA; Sage publications.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tTrevino, L. K. (1986). Ethical decision making in organizations: A person-situation interactionist model. Academy of management Review, 11(3), 601-617.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tTriandis, H. C. (1993). Collectivism and individualism as cultural syndromes Cross-Cultural Research, 27(3-4), 155-180<br \/>\r\n[21].\tTurner, N., Barling, J., Epitropaki, O., Butcher, V., &#038; Milner, C. (2002) Transformational leadership and moral reasoning Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 304<br \/>\r\n[22].\tUgoani, J. N. N. (2014). Power of Emotional Intelligence on Good Governance. Journal of Public policy and Governance, 1(2), 57-71.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tVer\u00edssimo, J., &#038; Lacerda, T. (2015). Does integrity matter for CSR practice in organizations? The mediating role of transformational leadership. Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(1), 34-51.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tWright, T. A., &#038; Quick, J. C. (2011). The role of character in ethical leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(5), 975-978.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tYukl, G. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 285-305<br \/>\r\n[26].\tYukl, G., &#038; Mahsud, R. (2010). Why flexible and adaptive leadership is essential. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(2), 81.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chikelu Okey Felix. PhD,  Bala Aliyu Kardi, Mustapha Shehu  &#8220;The Congruence of Ethical Leadership: An Examination of Leadership and Organizational Ethical Climate in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.289-293 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/289-293.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/289-293.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-congruence-of-ethical-leadership-an-examination-of-leadership-and-organizational-ethical-climate-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Congruence of Ethical Leadership: An Examination of Leadership and Organizational Ethical Climate in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1088500 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1088500\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10885d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10885d7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1088740\" data-id=\"1088740\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1088854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1088854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10888ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10888ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1088a77\" data-id=\"1088a77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1088b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1088b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ethical Leadership Style: Examining The  Conflict Between Personal and Non-Profit Organizational  Interest<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Chikelu Okey Felix.  PhD, Bala Aliyu Kardi,  Garba Usman &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 294-298<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1088c21 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1088c21\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1088f5e\" data-id=\"1088f5e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10890d2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"10890d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Achieving organizational goals and fostering good leadership requires more than being in charge, as leadership is grounded in ethical practices and norms. This paper explores the construct of ethical leadership known to consider the implication and consequences of long-term decision. Behavioural boundaries are set within an organization via demonstration of strong will character and integrity. Leadership in a profit or non-profit organization is not a mean feat. The objective of this venture is to examine and give an insight into an ethical leadership model and highlight how such a model could inspire, impact positively and sustain quality leadership is a non-profit organization as the Catholic Women Organization (CWO). Ethical leaders are moral managers and role models through their behaviour by internalizing their values. The ethical theories of utilitarianism deontology and virtue ethics comprised the theoretical framework for this purpose. Relevant related literatures were reviewed and most indicated preference for an ethical leadership style, which has greater potential to harness resources for a positive growth and development of an organization. Ethical leadership blends both personal and organizational values harmoniously through ethical reasoning when leaders are faced with ethical dilemmas.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 294-298\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chikelu Okey Felix.  PhD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nWaziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,  Kebbi State. Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Bala Aliyu Kardi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nWaziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,  Kebbi State. Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Garba Usman<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nWaziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi,  Kebbi State. Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1].\tBass, B. M. (1998). The ethics of transformational leadership. In J.B. Ciulla (Ed.), Ethics, the heart of leadership (pp. 169-192).Westport, CT: Praeger.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBass, G. D &#038; Ratrick, C. A (1987) Education for Moral Development of managers: Kohlberg\u2019s stages of moral development and integrative educational journal of business ethics.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBennett, W (1993). The book of virtues; New York, Simon and Schuster.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBerger, D., &#038; Abbasi, K. (2015). Refugees: time for moral leadership from the Western democracies.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBrown, M. E., &#038; Trevino, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A reviewand future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 595-616.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBush, T., Bell, L., &#038; Middlewood, D. (Eds.). (2019). Principles of Educational Leadership &#038; Management. SAGE Publications Limited.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tCiulla, J.B. (1996). Ethics, the heart of leadership Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tCohen, D.V. (1993). \u2018Creating and maintaining ethical work climates: Anomie in the workplace and implications for managing change\u2019, Business Ethics Quarterly, 3(4):343-358.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tCraig, S. B. &#038; Gustafon, S .B. (1998). \u2018Perceived leader integrity scale: An instrument for assessing employee perceptions of leader integrity,\u2019 Leadership Quarterly, 9(2):127-145.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tEngelbrecht, A.S. (2001). \u2018Core values underlying transformational and transactional leadership,\u2019 Management Dynamics, 10(3):56-80.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tEngelbrecht, A.S. (2002). \u2018The effect of organizational leadership on value congruence and effectiveness: An integrated model,\u2019 South African Journal of Economic &#038; Management Sciences, 5(3):589-606.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tFelix, C. O., Ahmad, A. H. B., &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2015). Examining Ethical Reasoning and Transactional Leadership Style In The Nigerian Public Sector. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(6), 88-94<br \/>\r\n[13].\tFelix, C. O., Ahmad, A. H. B., &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2015). Individualismand collectivism as moderators of moral reasoning and transformational leadership style in the Nigerian Public Sector.Journal of US-China Public Administration, 12, 568-577.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tFelix, C. O., Ahmad, A. H. B., &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2016). Examining ethical reasoning and transformational leadership style in Nigeria public sector. SAGE Open, 6(2), 2158244016635256.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tFelix, C., Ahmad, A. H. B., &#038; Arshad, R. B. (2017). The Moderating Effect of Religiosity and Vertical Individualism on Transformational Leadership Style and Ethical Reasoning in the Nigerian Public Sector.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tFrankel, A., &#038; PGCMS, R. (2019). What leadership styles should senior nurses develop?. Hospital, 6, 08.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tKanungo, R.N. &#038; Mendonca,  M. (1996). Ethical dimensions of leadership Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tKouzes,  J. M. &#038; Posner, B.Z. (1999). Encouraging the heart San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tLu, C. S., Kuo, S. Y., &#038; Chiu, Y. T. (2013). Ethical leadership and ethical climate in the container<br \/>\r\n[20].\tMalan,  F. &#038; Smith,  B. (2001). Ethics and leadership in business and politics  Cape Town: Juta &#038; Co.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tMathews, M.C. (1987). \u2018Codes of Ethics: Organisational behaviour and misbehaviour\u2019. In Frederick, W.C. &#038;  Preston, L .E. (Eds).  Research in corporate social performance and policy,  Greenwich: Jai Press Inc.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tMontefiore,  A. &#038; Vines, D. (1999). Integrity in the public and private domains  London: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tOkafor, C. (2004). Neo-Democracy and Poverty Management in Africa. Mercury Bright Press: Awka, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tRasheed, S. (1995). Promoting Ethics and Accountability in African Public Services, in Sadig Rasheed &#038; Luke, David F., (eds) Development Management in Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1995<br \/>\r\n[25].\tRest, J., Narvaez, D., Bebeau, M., &#038; Thoma, S. (1999). A neo-Kohlbergian approach: The DIT and schema theory. Educational Psychology Review, 11, 291-324.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tRossouw, G.J. (1997). \u2018Business ethics in South Africa\u2019, Journal of Business Ethics,  35:75-96.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tSchminke,  M. (1998). Managerial ethics,  New  Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tTrevino, L .K, Hartman,  L .P. &#038; Brown,  M. (2000). \u2018Mortal person and moral manager: How executives develop a reputation for ethical leadership,\u2019 California Management Review, 42(4):128-147.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tTurner, N., Barling, J., Epitropaki, O., Butcher, V., &#038; Milner, C. (2002). Transformational leadership and moral reasoning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 304.<br \/>\r\n[30].\tVictor,  B. &#038;  Cullen, J. B. (1987). \u2018A  theory and measure of ethical climate in organisations In Frederick, W .C.  &#038;  Preston, L. E. (Eds). Research in corporate social performance and policy  Greenwich: Jai Press Inc.<br \/>\r\n[31].\tWeber, J. (1995). \u2018Influences upon organisational ethical sub climates: A multi-departmental analysis of a single firm\u2019, Organisation science, 6(5):509-523.<br \/>\r\n[32].\tWright, T. A., &#038; Quick, J. C. (2011). The role of character in ethical leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(5), 975-978.<br \/>\r\n[33].\tYukl, G. (2002).  Leadership in organisation:  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.<br \/>\r\n[34].\tYukl, G., &#038; Mahsud, R. (2010). Why flexible and adaptive leadership is essential. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(2), 81.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chikelu Okey Felix.  PhD, Bala Aliyu Kardi,  Garba Usman  &#8220;Ethical Leadership Style: Examining The  Conflict Between Personal and Non-Profit Organizational  Interest&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.294-298 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/294-298.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/294-298.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ethical-leadership-style-examining-the-conflict-between-personal-and-non-profit-organizational-interest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ethical Leadership Style: Examining The  Conflict Between Personal and Non-Profit Organizational  Interest<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1089eb5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1089eb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1089f84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1089f84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-108a0fb\" data-id=\"108a0fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108a222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"108a222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-108a2c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"108a2c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-108a43b\" data-id=\"108a43b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108a558 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"108a558\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prevalence and Correlate of High Suicidal Ideation among People Living With HIV\/Aids in Osogbo, South-Western Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>B.A Eegunranti, J. O. Bamidele, J. Falade, A. C. Ogundiran, O. Ibigbami, O. O. Falade, O. Ogundiran &#8211; May 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 299-306<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-108a5fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"108a5fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-108a772\" data-id=\"108a772\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108a8b0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"108a8b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Persistent suicidal thoughts with additional feelings of hopelessness and intent to die are very serious and must be assessed promptly and carefully among people living with HIV\/AIDS<br \/>\r\nThe prevalence and the correlate of suicidal ideation and attempt were assessed among people living with HIV\/AIDS in Osogbo Nigeria.<br \/>\r\nThree hundred and twenty-six people living with HIV\/AIDS attending the Institute of Human Virology of Nigeria, Lautech Teaching Hospital Osogbo were recruited into the study.<br \/>\r\nEach respondent filled the socio-demographic questionnaire, suicidal screening scale. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software (version 21) was used for the analysis.<br \/>\r\n The prevalence of high suicidal ideation among the respondent is   12.6%. The study revealed that the risk of high suicidal ideation was 0.21 fold less among those between the ages of 41 to 60  compared with those above 60 years  (B=-1.1519, P=0.010). In addition, the risk of high suicidal ideation was52.6 fold increase among the students (B=3.963, P = 0.001), 5.85fold increase among civil servants (B=1.702, P = 0.039 and 11.37 fold increase among artisan compared with the traders along. (B=2.427, P = 0.005).Those with psychiatric morbidity had 3.44 fold increase high suicidal ideation compared with those without psychiatric morbidity (B= 1.237, P value=0.006).<br \/>\r\nThe results of this study show that patients with HIV\/AIDS receiving follow-up care experience considerable undetected psychiatric morbidity and suicidal ideation. Collaborative effort must be targeted towards the provision of a welfare scheme and reduction of comorbidity associate with HIV infection.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 299-306\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> B.A Eegunranti<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Psychiatry, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> J. O. Bamidele<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Community Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> J. Falade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mental Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> A. C. Ogundiran<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCounselling \/ Accounting Unit, EPHPHATHA Audiological Clinic, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> O. Ibigbami<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O. O. Falade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Nursing, Osun State Hospitals\u2019 Management Board, Osogbo, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> O. Ogundiran<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo &#8211; Osun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tKomiti, A., et al., (2001), Suicidal behaviour in people with HIV\/AIDS: a review. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 35(6): p. 747-757.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tShittu, R.O., et al., (2014), Suicidal ideation among depressed people living with HIV\/AIDS in Nigeria, West Africa. Open Journal of Medical Psychology.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tMcCoy, S.I., et al., (2009). Barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and linkage to primary care: narratives of people with advanced HIV in the Southeast. AIDS care, 21(10): p. 1313-1320.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tHeckman, T.G., et al., (2002), Psychological symptoms among persons 50 years of age and older living with HIV disease. Aging &#038; mental health, 6(2): p. 121-128.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCarrico, A.W., et al., (2007). Correlates of suicidal ideation among HIV-positive persons. Aids, 21(9): p. 1199-1203.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tMiller, A.L., J.H. Rathus, and M.M. Linehan (2006). Dialectical behavior therapy with suicidal adolescents: Guilford Press.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tShelton, A.J., et al., (2006). The prevalence of suicidal behaviours in a group of HIV-positive men. AIDS care, 18(6): p. 574-576.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tHaller, D.L. and D.R., (2003). Miles, Suicidal ideation among psychiatric patients with HIV: psychiatric morbidity and quality of life. AIDS and Behavior, 7(2): p. 101-108.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tGuimar\u00e3es, P.M., et al., (2014). Suicide risk and alcohol and drug abuse in outpatients with HIV infection and Chagas disease. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 36(2): p. 131-137.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKinyanda, E., et al.,(2012). The prevalence and characteristics of suicidality in HIV\/AIDS as seen in an African population in Entebbe district, Uganda. BMC psychiatry, 12(1): p. 63.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tOgbozor, E.N., (2016). HIV-Positive Status Disclosure Barriers in Stable Heterosexual Partners in Warri, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tRochat, T.J., et al., (2013). Suicide ideation, depression and HIV among pregnant women in rural South Africa.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tPr\u00e9au, M., et al., (2008). Suicide attempts among people living with HIV in France. AIDS care, 20(8): p. 917-924.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tOgundipe, O.A., A.T. Olagunju, and J.D. Adeyemi, (2015). Suicidal ideation among attendees of a West African HIV clinic. Archives of suicide research, 19(1): p. 103-116.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tChikezie, U., et al., (2012). Suicidality among individuals with HIV\/AIDS in Benin City, Nigeria: a case-control study. AIDS care, 24(7): p. 843-845.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tBeck, A.T., M., (1979). Kovacs, and A. Weissman, Assessment of suicidal intention: the Scale for Suicide Ideation. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1979. 47(2): p. 343.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tMakanjuola, A., O. Abiodun, and S. Sajo, (2014). Alcohol and psychoactive substance use among medical students of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 10(8).<br \/>\r\n[18].\tGureje, O. and B. Obikoya, (1990). The GHQ-12 as a screening tool in a primary care setting. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 25(5): p. 276-280.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tWang, W., et al., (2018). Psychosocial health and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV\/AIDS: A cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China. PloS one, 2018. 13(2).<br \/>\r\n[20].\tRukundo, G.Z., B.L. Mishara, and E. Kinyanda, (2016). Burden of suicidal ideation and attempt among persons living with HIV and AIDS in semiurban Uganda. AIDS research and treatment, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tSchlebusch, L. and N. Vawda, (2010). HIV-infection as a self-reported risk factor for attempted suicide in South Africa. African Journal of Psychiatry, 13(4).<br \/>\r\n[22].\tAdewuya, A.O., et al., (2008).  Relationship between depression and quality of life in persons with HIV infection in Nigeria. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 2008. 38(1): p. 43-51.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tMathai, M., et al., (2018). Undetected psychiatric morbidity among HIV\/AIDS patients attending Comprehensive Care Clinic (CCC) in Nairobi Kenya: towards an integrated mental health care. Annals of general psychiatry, 17(1): p. 11.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tAdewuya, A.O., et al., (2007). Psychiatric disorders among the HIV-positive population in Nigeria: a control study. Journal of psychosomatic research, 63(2): p. 203-206.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tZhu, X.-L., et al., (2018). Novel antidepressant effects of Paeonol alleviate neuronal injury with concomitant alterations in BDNF, Rac1 and RhoA levels in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Psychopharmacology, 2018. 235(7): p. 2177-2191.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tTaliaferro, L.A., J.J., Muehlenkamp, and S.B. Jeevanba (2018). Factors associated with emotional distress and suicidality among international college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(2): p. S8-S9.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tBrandt, C.P., et al., (2017). Main and interactive effects of emotion dysregulation and HIV symptom severity on quality of life among persons living with HIV\/AIDS. AIDS care, 29(4): p. 498-506.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">B.A Eegunranti, J. O. Bamidele, J. Falade, A. C. Ogundiran, O. Ibigbami, O. O. Falade, O. Ogundiran  &#8220;Prevalence and Correlate of High Suicidal Ideation among People Living With HIV\/Aids in Osogbo, South-Western Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 5, pp.299-306 May 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/299-306.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/299-306.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prevalence-and-correlate-of-high-suicidal-ideation-among-people-living-with-hiv-aids-in-osogbo-south-western-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Prevalence and Correlate of High Suicidal Ideation among People Living With HIV\/Aids in Osogbo, South-Western Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108b652 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"108b652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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