{"id":3071,"date":"2020-06-17T10:56:49","date_gmt":"2020-06-17T10:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=3071"},"modified":"2020-07-19T08:22:53","modified_gmt":"2020-07-19T08:22:53","slug":"volume-vii-issue-vi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-vi\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue VI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3071\" class=\"elementor elementor-3071 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3b942 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3b942\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3bc1c\" data-id=\"0a3bc1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3bdb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3bdb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Will Newsrooms Continue to Be Relevant? Reflections on the Practices of Journalism in Kenya during Covid-19 Crisis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Abdullahi Abdi Sheikh &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 01-05<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3c0d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3c0d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3c2d7\" data-id=\"0a3c2d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3c470 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a3c470\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Journalists were quick to adopt to the new world order imposed by the Corona Virus crisis in 2019-2020, and resorted to use of technology, and working from home. While the technology has always been improving, and it was available to journalist, and while journalists and media managers in Kenya considered the fact that the world was moving to technology and they devised new ways of reaching their audiences on digital platforms, there is very little evidence that they were willing to improve the way they work with technology and continued to cramp in newsrooms. The Covid-19 crisis has therefore, woken them to the reality of the importance of technology and working from home, which has made newsrooms completely irrelevant, as journalists easily worked from the comfort of their homes, came up live for radio and TV from anywhere and exchanged material with colleague and editors without physical contact. This paper looks at the future of journalism in the wake of Covid-19, and technology explosion, in comparison with traditional media, it examines the literature surrounding use of available technology and seeks to identify challenges to switching to digital in Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi Abdi Sheikh <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Communication, Moi University, and director of BVI-media, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Klinenberg, Eric. 2005. Convergence: News production in a digital age. Convergence 597 (1): 48\u201364.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[2]. Paulussen, Steve. 2012. Technology and the transformation of news work: Are labor conditions in (online) journalism changing? In The handbook of global online journalism, ed. Eugenia Siapera, and Andreas Veglis, 192\u2013208. Malden, MA: Wiley.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[3]. Venkatesch, Alladi, and Debora Dunkle. 2013. Digitizing physical objects in the home. In The Routledge companion to digital consumption, ed. Russell W. Belk, and Rosa Llamas, 14\u201327. Oxon, New York: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Meijer, Irene Costera, and Tim Groot Kormelink. 2015. Checking, sharing, clicking and linking. Changing patterns of news use between 2004 and 2014. Digital Journalism 3 (5): 664\u2013679.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[5]. Singer, Jane B., Alfred Hermida, David Domingo, Ari Heinonen, Steve Paulussen, Thorsten Quandt, Zvi Reich, and Marina Vujnovic. 2011. Participatory journalism. Guarding open gates at online newspapers. Chichester: Wiley.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Bruns, Axel. 2005. Gatewatching. Collaborative online news production. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[7]. Heinrich, Ansgar. 2011. Network journalism. Journalistic practice in interactive spheres. New York, Oxford: Routledge.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[8]. Mitchelstein, Eugenia, and Pablo J. Boczkowski. 2009. between tradition and change. A review of recent research on online news production. Journalism 10 (5): 562\u2013586.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[9]. Birkner, Thomas. 2012. Das Selbstgespr\u00e4ch der Zeit. Die Geschichte des Journalismus in Deutschland 1605\u20131914 [The self-talk of time. The history of journalism in Germany 1605\u20131914]. K\u00f6ln: von Halem.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[10]. Bergstr\u00f6m, Annika, and Ingela Wadbring. 2015. Beneficial yet crappy: Journalists and audiences on obstacles and opportunities in reader comments. European Journal of Communication 30 (2): 137\u2013151.Google Scholar<br \/>\r\n[11]. Ford, D.M. (2007). Technologizing Africa: On the Bumpy Information Highway. Computers and Composition, 24, 3, 302-316.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Tarus, J. (2011). Adoption of E-learning to Support Teaching and Learning in Moi University, MPhil Thesis (Information Technology), Moi University.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Jones, S &amp; Madden, M. 2002. The internet goes to college: How students are living the future with today\u2019s technology. Washington DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project<br \/>\r\n[14]. Luambano, I &amp; Nawe, J. 2004. Internet use by students of the University of Dar-es-Salaam. Library High Tech News 10:13\u201317.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Wambilyanga, FW. 2006. ICT and society: An exploratory survey on the role of internet on knowledge acquisition among Nairobi youth. MA research project, University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Kwanya, TJM. 2005. Uses and gratification of the World Wide Web (WWW) among secondary school students in Kenya. MA research project, University of Nairobi.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC). 2007. CIC universities join Google library project. American Libraries 38(7):36\u201342.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Oyadonghan, JC &amp; Eke, FM. 2011. Factors affecting students\u201f use of information technology: A comparative study of Federal University of Technology and Niger Delta University. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Available: htpp:\/\/www.unlib.unl.edu\/lpp\/ (accessed on 11 November 2011).<br \/>\r\n[19]. Womboh, BSH. 2008. The state of ICT in Nigerian universities: The experience of Ibrahim Babinga Library \u2013 FTU. Available: www.htpp:\/\/un.libUnl.edu\/lpp\/ (accessed on 11 November 2011).<br \/>\r\n[20]. Parameshwar, S&amp;Patil D. B.2009. Use of electronic resources by faculty members and research scholars in Gulbarga University, Gulbarga: a survey. Journal of Information Management, 46 (10):51-60.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Mutula, SM. 2001. Internet access in East Africa: A future outlook. Library Review 50(1):28\u201334.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Okello-Obura, C &amp; Magara E. 2008. Assessment of the problems LIS postgraduate students face in accessing e-resources in Makerere University, Uganda. Collection Building 29(3):98\u2013 105.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Talja, S &amp; Maula, H. 2003. Reasons for the use and non-use of electronic journals and databases: A domain analytic study in four scholarly disciplines. Journal of Documentation 59(6):573\u2013 569.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Hinson, R &amp; Amidu, M. 2005. Internet adoption among final year students in Ghana\u201fs oldest business school. Library Review 55(5):314\u2013323.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Moghaddam, GG &amp; Talawar, VG. 2008. The use of scholarly electronic journals at the Indian Institute of Science: A case study in India. Interlending and Document Supply 36(1):15\u201329.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Newman, N. (2019) \u201cJournalism, Media and Technology Trends and Predictions 2019\u201d. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdullahi Abdi Sheikh &#8220;Will Newsrooms Continue to Be Relevant? Reflections on the Practices of Journalism in Kenya during Covid-19 Crisis&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.01-05 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/01-05.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/01-05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/will-newsrooms-continue-to-be-relevant-reflections-on-the-practices-of-journalism-in-kenya-during-covid-19-crisis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Will Newsrooms Continue to Be Relevant? Reflections on the Practices of Journalism in Kenya during Covid-19 Crisis<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3d3d3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a3d3d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3d4c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3d4c8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3d64e\" data-id=\"0a3d64e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3d773 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3d773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3d815 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3d815\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3d96a\" data-id=\"0a3d96a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3da78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3da78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3db15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3db15\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3dc56\" data-id=\"0a3dc56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3dd69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3dd69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3de05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3de05\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3df56\" data-id=\"0a3df56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3e085 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3e085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3e131 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3e131\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3e285\" data-id=\"0a3e285\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3e38a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3e38a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3e71f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3e71f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3e880\" data-id=\"0a3e880\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3e99c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a3e99c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Rapid Detection of Tuberculosis using Urine Samples: Development &amp; Validation of ELISA Technique<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Amrita Masanta, K. Gopinath Achary, Shikha Singh &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 06-15<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3ea44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3ea44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a3ebb9\" data-id=\"0a3ebb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a3ece9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a3ece9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and its early detection can be possible only when an individual permits itself for early diagnosis. In the recent study, the serum elevated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen was settled for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection employing serological tests. The mycobacterial proteins was identified based on indirect ELISA including high sensitivity of 0.1 mg and the protein ranging from 20 kDa to 150 kDa exhibit immunoreactivity in western blotting applying TB serum. Correlation coefficient among various phases of infected urine samples assemble from different regions of Odisha with the titres of Ab was seized as the primary end point for the regularity of protocol. (Maximal correlation r = 0.999) was detected in phase III infected urine sample assemble from Mayurbhanj, whereas minimal low correlation along with TB serum (r = 0.703) was marked in phase I infected urine sample assemble from Balasore. (Linear positive correlations R2) present within antigenic proteins at all the phases with TB serum. Henceforth, the TB serum could be used for the early detection of TB. This immuno serological accesses us to design a robust, highly sensitive &amp; specific with accuracy diagnostic kit for initial detection of tuberculosis infection.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 06-15\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amrita Masanta <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCentre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K. Gopinath Achary <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nImgenex India Pvt. Ltd, E-5 Infocity, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shikha Singh <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nRama Devi Women\u2019s University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751022, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Shah, N. S., Wright, A., Bai, G. H., Barrera, L., Boulahbal, F., Mart\u00edn-Casabona, N., &#8230; &amp; Lumb, R. (2007). Worldwide emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Emerging infectious diseases, 13(3), 380.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Palomino, J. C., Martin, A., Camacho, M., Guerra, H., Swings, J., &amp; Portaels, F. (2002). Resazurin microtiter assay plate: simple and inexpensive method for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 46(8), 2720-2722.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Nahid, Payam, Madhukar Pai, and Philip C. Hopewell. &#8220;Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.&#8221; Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 3.1 (2006): 103-110.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Expert Group Meeting Report, WHO, 2014, p. 1.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Davies, P. D. O., &amp; Pai, M. (2008). The diagnosis and misdiagnosis of tuberculosis [State of the art series. Tuberculosis. Edited by ID Rusen. Number 1 in the series]. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12(11), 1226-1234.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Mitnick, C., Bayona, J., Palacios, E., Shin, S., Furin, J., Alc\u00e1ntara, F., &#8230; &amp; Kapiga, S. (2003). Community-based therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Lima, Peru. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(2), 119-128.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Caminero, J. A. (2010). Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: epidemiology, risk factors and case finding [State of the art series. Drug-resistant tuberculosis. Edited by CY. Chiang. Number 4 in the series]. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 14(4), 382-390.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Isaakidis, P., Cox, H. S., Varghese, B., Montaldo, C., Da Silva, E., Mansoor, H., &#8230; &amp; Saranchuk, P. (2011). Ambulatory multi-drug resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes in a cohort of HIV-infected patients in a slum setting in Mumbai, India. PLoS One, 6(12), e28066.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Colijn, C., Cohen, T., Ganesh, A., &amp; Murray, M. (2011). Spontaneous emergence of multiple drug resistance in tuberculosis before and during therapy. PloS one, 6(3), e18327.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Bekmurzayeva, A., Sypabekova, M., &amp; Kanayeva, D. (2013). Tuberculosis diagnosis using immunodominant, secreted antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, 93(4), 381-388.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Somosk\u00f6vi, \u00c1., Hotaling, J. E., Fitzgerald, M., Jonas, V., Stasik, D., Parsons, L. M., &amp; Salfinger, M. (2000). False-Positive Results for Mycobacterium celatum with the AccuProbe Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Assay. Journal of clinical microbiology, 38(7), 2743-2745.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Singh, S., Singh, J., Kumar, S., Gopinath, K., Balooni, V., Singh, N., &amp; Mani, K. (2012). Poor performance of serological tests in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: evidence from a contact tracing field study. PLoS One, 7(7), e40213.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Bradford, M.M (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248e254.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227(5259), 680e685<br \/>\r\n[15]. Welch, W. D., Thompson, L., Layman, M., &amp; Southern, P. M. (1984). Evaluation of two bioluminescence-measuring instruments, the Turner Design and Lumac systems, for the rapid screening of urine specimens. Journal of clinical microbiology, 20(6), 1165-1170.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amrita Masanta, K. Gopinath Achary, Shikha Singh &#8220;Rapid Detection of Tuberculosis using Urine Samples: Development &amp; Validation of ELISA Technique&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.06-15 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/06-15.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a40336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a403d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a403d8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a40530\" data-id=\"0a40530\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a40668 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a40668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a40715 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a40715\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4086f\" data-id=\"0a4086f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a40980 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a40980\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a40a1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a40a1c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a40b77\" data-id=\"0a40b77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a40cc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a40cc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a40d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a40d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a40ecb\" data-id=\"0a40ecb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a40fd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a40fd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4107c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4107c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a411f2\" data-id=\"0a411f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4130e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4130e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Vegetative Composition Survey of Yaba College of Technology, Epe Campus, Lagos, South-Western, Nigeria <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Rosulu, H. O., Hassan, T. I., Areo, O. E., Ginikanwa, M., Akpan, I. E. &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 16-24<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a413ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a413ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4153c\" data-id=\"0a4153c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a41676 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a41676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">A survey was conducted on 54 ha of land in 2017at Yaba College of Technology, Odoragushin, Epe Campus, Lagos, Western Nigeria for their vegetative composition. The land was before now used for arable cropping and abandoned to fallow for more than a decade. The fallow land was sub-divided into 16 different transects run with a base line, each measuring 100m x 100m. Collection of data was done using belt method for plant taxonomy (forms), ecological status, habitat, species frequency\/diversity and ethno-botanical values. Altogether, 83 plants represented by 45 families were encountered with 82 different medicinal plants, shrubs being the highest with 22 species, while epiphyte, fern and palm had specie. For taxonomy and frequency distribution of plant families, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae had the highest number of plant species occurrence of 6 each while Caealpiniondeae and Mimosoideae had 4 occurences. On the basis of life forms, plants were classified into shrubs, herbs, trees, climbers, palms, fern and epiphyte with shrub having the highest relative density of 36.14% with palm, epiphyte and fern respectively having the lowest relative density of 1.20%. Product collected from these plants have varying uses categorized as edible leafy vegetables, non-edible leaves, flowers, chew stick, firewood and timber as well as medicinal uses, such as treatment of pile, gonorrhoea, malaria and curing infertility problems. It is hereby recommended that conservation efforts should be undertaken through the establishment of botanical gardens, sanctuaries, rare breed centres, gene banks and on-site gene banks as well as equipped herbarium.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 16-24\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rosulu, H. O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan, T. I.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Areo, O. E.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ginikanwa, M.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akpan, I. E.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Baslev, J. J., Laloyn, B., Oligard, T. and Holin-Nelsen (1987). Composition and Structure of Adjacent unflooded and flood plain forest in Amazonian Emador.Opera.Bot. 92:37-57.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Etukudo, I. (2000). Forests: our divine treasure. Dorand Publishers pp.35<br \/>\r\n[3]. Grubb, P. J. (1977). The maintenance of species\u2010richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological reviews, 52(1), 107-145.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Hatchinson and Dalziel, J. M. (1963). Flora of West Tropical Africa (2nd edition). White Frairs Press London, pp 2-544..<br \/>\r\n[5]. Oni, P. I. (2010). Ethno Botanical Plant Diversity in North Western Nigeria, Journal of Medicinal Plants research. Vol. 4(7), 509-518<br \/>\r\n[6]. Sofowora, A. (1981). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. John Wiley and Sons,Chichester, New York Brisbane, Toronto and Singapore.pp 289.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Ugbogu, O. A. and Odewu, P. (2004). Some Medicinal plants in the Traditional Medicine of Nigeria. J. Res. Management. 1(1&amp;2), 29-37.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rosulu, H. O., Hassan, T. I., Areo, O. E., Ginikanwa, M., Akpan, I. E. &#8220;Vegetative Composition Survey of Yaba College of Technology, Epe Campus, Lagos, South-Western, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp. 16-24 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/16-24.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/16-24.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/vegetative-composition-survey-of-yaba-college-of-technology-epe-campus-lagos-south-western-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Vegetative Composition Survey of Yaba College of Technology, Epe Campus, Lagos, South-Western, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4244f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a4244f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4252a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4252a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a42697\" data-id=\"0a42697\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a427b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a427b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a42856 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a42856\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a429a7\" data-id=\"0a429a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a42aaf elementor-widget 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4338a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a43423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a43423\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4356c\" data-id=\"0a4356c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4366c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4366c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4370a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4370a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4386d\" data-id=\"0a4386d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a43975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a43975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors That Influence the Institutional Excellence in the Government Sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sami Nizar Khasawneh, Humam Bin Mohamed, Maged Mustafa Al-Dubai &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 25-26<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a43a0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a43a0e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a43b73\" data-id=\"0a43b73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a43c9f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a43c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigates the factors that significantly affect The Institutional Excellence in Government Sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The importance of this study is that the subject of institutional excellence is one of the most important and contemporary topics in the life cycle of institutions, for its effective role in improving and developing its outputs and excellence in the service of its customers. The objective of this study is to recognize the impact of the Human Capital and the Talent Management on achieving the Institutional Excellence for institutions in the government sector of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The study used the descriptive analytical approach for analyzing such studies to describe and evaluate the relationship between variables. Random sampling method was adopted for the purpose of drawing the sample; the total sample was 455 employees from all the institutions. This study used the Likert scale of five-points, an electronic questionnaire was constructed for gathering the required data, and for analyzing data collected SPSS software was used.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 25-26\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sami Nizar Khasawneh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAl-Madinah International University Malaysia\/Faculty of Finance &amp; Admin. Science<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Humam Bin Mohamed<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAl-Madinah International University Malaysia\/Faculty of Finance &amp; Admin. Science<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Maged Mustafa Al-Dubai<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAl-Madinah International University Malaysia\/Faculty of Finance &amp; Admin. Science<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. Abdul Wahab, Mahmoud Osama, 2016, Administrative Transparency and its Impact on Organizational Excellence: A Field Study on Mostansiriya University, Mostansiriya Journal of Arab and International Studies, Issue 53, pp. 128-164.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Kotler, Philip, Keller, Kevin lane, 2015, Marketing Management, 15th Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Rahimh, Melody, 2015, Human Capital is one of the Key Pillars of Knowledge Management Application: A Case Study of the Grand Mills Corporation of the South, GMsud, Omach, Biskra, Unpublished Master Thesis, Mohammed Khaydar University, Biskra, Algeria.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Armstrong, Michael, 2017, A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 14th Edition, Kogan Page publishers, London, United Kingdome.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Vnou\u010dkov\u00e1, Lucie, Urbancov\u00e1, Hana, 2015, Employee turnover and knowledge management in the Czech republic, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Volume 63, Issue 1, pp. 313-325.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Al Awadhi, Khalid Mohd Amin Kamali, 2018, \u201cThe Implementation of Talent Management Practices in U.A.E. Organizations\u201d, Unpublished Master Thesis, British University in Dubai, Dubai, UAE.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Manzini, Sibongile, Kufa, Ester, 2016, An Evaluation of the impact of human capital development initiatives on organizational performance: A case of rural district councils in Zimbabwe\u2019s Lowveld, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, Vol. IV, Issue 5.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Al Nakhala, Mohammad Othman, 2013, The availability of talent management components from employee\u2019s perspectives: Al Aqsa Radio station case study, Unpublished Master Thesis, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Al-Abdeen, Nazik Abdel Azim Zain, 2016, The Impact Of Application Of The Workers Criteria In The EFQM Excellence Model To Improve The Performance A case Study Of Sudan Mint Company Ltd, 2011-2014, Unpublished Master Thesis, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.<br \/>\r\n[10]. L.R. Gay, Peter Airasian, 2012, Polygons Teaching Through Creative Drama in Mathematics Teaching, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Cronbach, L. J., 1984, Essentials of Psychological Testing, 4th, New York: Harper and Row Publishers, USA.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Jain, Sandhya &amp;Angural, Vijeta, 2017, Use of Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha In Dental Research, Medico Research Chronicles Journal (Medrech), Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 285-291.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Tavakol, Mohsen &amp;Dennick, Reg., 2011, Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha, International Journal of Medical Education, Vol. 2, pp. 53-55.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sami Nizar Khasawneh, Humam Bin Mohamed, Maged Mustafa Al-Dubai &#8220;Factors That Influence the Institutional Excellence in the Government Sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.25-26 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/25-26.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/25-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-that-influence-the-institutional-excellence-in-the-government-sector-in-the-emirate-of-abu-dhabi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Factors That Influence the Institutional Excellence in the Government Sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a44a3c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a44a3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a45a7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a45a7c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a45bd3\" data-id=\"0a45bd3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a45cee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a45cee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a45d87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a45d87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a45eee\" data-id=\"0a45eee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a46006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a46006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Biodegradable Cutleries and Tableware as Substitute for Plastic: An Exploratory Study on Green Solutions<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Moneswari Boro, Rajkumari Jaya Devi, Prof. L.S. Sharma &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 27-29<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a460a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a460a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a46224\" data-id=\"0a46224\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a46355 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a46355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Indian food has the most varied flavours in the world as there is no homogeneity of flavor found in North and South or East and West. But when the time comes to serve the food, a variety of plastic wares are used, which has become a major concern to the environment. A number of food and beverage outlets are available now a days, whether it\u2019s located on roadside or restaurants etc. Street food vendors, food and beverage outlets in different hotels, restaurants and catering units generally prefer disposal plastic cutleries and tableware also known as \u201csingle \u2013 use plastic\u201d which are used once and then thrown away. The most common reason behind the use of disposal plastic items is to save time from cleaning the utensils. So plastic items have become one of the fastest growing problems for the environment. The study tries to understand the concept of biodegradable cutleries and tableware and its relevance to the environment sustainability. This research paper is exploratory in nature with evidence based on secondary data. The study intended to examine the various types of biodegradable cutleries and tableware that can replace the single use plastics. The conclusion made in the study will bring insight about the advantages and how it is eco-friendly.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 27-29\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Moneswari Boro <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholar, Department of Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Rajkumari Jaya Devi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholar, Department of Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Prof. L.S. Sharma <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor Department of Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Brownlee, A., Li, C., &amp; Lo, M. (2013). Life cycle assessment: Aspenware biodegradable cutlery.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Digital Journal. (2019). Plastic Cutlery Market Is Expected to Reach at a 2920 Million USD by End of 2025 &#8211; QYR. Retrieved from Digital Journal: http:\/\/www.digitaljournal.com\/pr\/4002373<br \/>\r\n[3]. Gasperi, J., Dris, R., Bonin, T., Rocher, V., &amp; Tassin, B. (2014). Assessment of floating plastic debris in surface water along the Seine River. Environmental pollution, 195, 163-166.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Malafi, T. N., Devine, M. A., &amp; Lesher, L. L. (1994). A user evaluation of biodegradable cutlery. Journal of environmental polymer degradation, 2(4), 219-223.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Munir, S. (2016, March). Edible Cutlery: The Future of Eco Friendly Utensils. Retrieved July 9, 2018, from Kickstarter: https:\/\/www.kickstarter.com\/projects\/1240116767\/edible-cutlery-the-future-of-eco-friendly-utensils<br \/>\r\n[6]. Parker, L. (2018, May 16). Fast Facts About Plastic Pollution. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from National Geographic: https:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/2018\/05\/plastics-facts-infographics-ocean-pollution\/<br \/>\r\n[7]. Patil, H. N., &amp; Sinhal, P. A Study on Edible Cutlery: An Alternative for Conventional Ones.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Rashid, M. (2019). Edible cutleries as sustainable substitute for plastic cutleries (Doctoral dissertation, Brac University).<br \/>\r\n[9]. Razza, F., Fieschi, M., Degli Innocenti, F., &amp; Bastioli, C. (2009). Compostable cutlery and waste management: An LCA approach. Waste management, 29(4), 1424-1433.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Razza, F., Fieschi, M., Degli Innocenti, F., &amp; Bastioli, C. (2009). Compostable cutlery and waste management: An LCA approach. Waste management, 29(4), 1424-1433.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Reddy, B. D. (2016, June 22). Bakeys: You can use and eat this innovative cutlery. Retrieved from Business Standard: https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/companies\/bakeys-you-can-use-and-eat-this-innovative-cutlery-116062200024_1.html<br \/>\r\n[12]. The Business Reaserch Company. (2018, April). Plastics and Polymers Global Market Briefing 2018. Retrieved from the Business Reaserch Company: https:\/\/www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com\/report\/plastics-and-polymers-global-market-briefing-2018<br \/>\r\nWebsites visited<br \/>\r\n[13]. https:\/\/www.conserve-energy-future.com\/environmental-impact-plastic-cutlery-and solutions.php<br \/>\r\n[14]. https:\/\/www.ecoideaz.com\/showcase\/biodegradable-cutlery-for-the-eco-sensitive-foodie<br \/>\r\n[15]. https:\/\/www.conserve-energy-future.com\/causes-effects-solutions-of-plastic-pollution.php<br \/>\r\n[16]. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/plastic-pollution<br \/>\r\n[17]. https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/habitats\/plastic-pollution\/<br \/>\r\n[18]. https:\/\/plastic-pollution.org\/<br \/>\r\n[19]. https:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/interactive\/beat-plastic-pollution\/<br \/>\r\n[20]. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plastic_pollution<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Moneswari Boro, Rajkumari Jaya Devi, Prof. L.S. Sharma &#8220;Biodegradable Cutleries and Tableware as Substitute for Plastic: An Exploratory Study on Green Solutions&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.27-29 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/27-29.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/27-29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/biodegradable-cutleries-and-tableware-as-substitute-for-plastic-an-exploratory-study-on-green-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Biodegradable Cutleries and Tableware as Substitute for Plastic: An Exploratory Study on Green Solutions<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a470d7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a470d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a47429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a474c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a474c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a47618\" data-id=\"0a47618\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a47729 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a47729\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a477c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a477c1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4790b\" data-id=\"0a4790b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a47a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a47a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a47abb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a47abb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a47bfc\" data-id=\"0a47bfc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a47cff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a47cff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a47dda elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a47dda\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a47f42\" data-id=\"0a47f42\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a48049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a48049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a480e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a480e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a48233\" data-id=\"0a48233\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4833e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4833e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a483d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a483d6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a48522\" data-id=\"0a48522\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a48623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a48623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a486c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a486c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a48819\" data-id=\"0a48819\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a48926 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a48926\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effective Concept and Components of 4ps Marketing Information System<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Khaing Thazin Nwe, Lwin Sandar Soe, Thet Thet Aung- June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 30-33<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a489c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a489c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a48b2f\" data-id=\"0a48b2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a48c58 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a48c58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Today, the changing service environment is considered as a key factor in effective marketing. Effective operations are obvious, but not enough for success to design service products based on customer needs, and planning. It is very important to have proper distribution and active introduction to customers. Marketing mix or mixed marketing or marketing tools and marketing strategies are words used to translate marketing mix. The main purpose of this research is to study marketing mix. This is especially the case with products and services. Location: It is a 4 saver with 4 prices and 4 promotions. These 4 &#8216;P are called as elements of the market and together they form the marketing mix. Marketing Components &#8211; Products market, Location and promotion are used for marketing purposes. The rank of each element be influenced by not only on the company but on its activities, It also depends on competition and timing. Some items are more important than others. It be determined by largely on the company&#8217;s plan and its actions. All of these things are interconnected. Because one region&#8217;s decisions are effective in another. Marketing mix is a clear tool for effective marketing strategy and its implementation through effective strategies. The combination helps determine which marketing strategy is right for the organization. It can be used by marketers to assist in the development of a marketing strategy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 30-33\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khaing Thazin Nwe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInformation Technology Supporting and Maintenance, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lwin Sandar Soe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInformation Technology Supporting and Maintenance, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Thet Thet Aung<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInformation Technology Supporting and Maintenance, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bahman Saeidi Pour, Kamran Nazari and Mostafa Emami, \u201cThe effect of marketing mix in attracting customers: Case study of Saderat Bank in Kermanshah Province \u201d, Department of Educational, Payam Noor University, Iran, African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 7(34), pp. 3272-3280, 14 September, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Chai Lee Goi, \u201cA Review of Marketing Mix: 4Ps or More?\u201d, Department of Marketing &amp; Management, School of Business, Curtin University of Technology CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia, International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol.1, No. 1 May 2009<br \/>\r\n[3]. Anusha KS, \u201cBrand and Marketing Mix-A Review\u201d, Department of Human Resource (Organisation development), Ronald Ross PG College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, Journal of Global Economics, Anusha, J Glob Econ 2016, 4:3<br \/>\r\n[4]. Margarita I\u0161orait\u0117, \u201cMarketing Mix Theoretical Aspects\u201d, Department of International Business, Vilniauskolegija\/University Applied Sciences, International Journal of Research- GRANTHAALAYAH, Vol.4 (Iss.6): June, 2016<br \/>\r\n[5]. Meera Singh, \u201cMarketing Mix of 4P\u2019S for Competitive Advantage\u201d, Computer Department (H.S.S), G.H. Raisoni Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology\/Pune University, India, IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM),Volume 3, Issue 6 (Sep,-Oct. 2012), PP 40-45<br \/>\r\n[6]. Rahnama, R., Beiki, H., \u201cA. Modern marketing, concepts and challenges\u201d Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter) Vol. 2, No.6, Jan. 2013.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Endang Chumaidiyah, \u201cThe Marketing Mix Strategy in Influence to the Competitive Advantage\u201d, Faculty of Industrial Engineering Telkom University Bandung, Indonesia, Proceedings of the 2014 International.<br \/>\r\n[8]. https:\/\/kalyan-city.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/4-main-components-of-marketing.html<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Khaing Thazin Nwe, Lwin Sandar Soe, Thet Thet Aung &#8220;Effective Concept and Components of 4ps Marketing Information System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.30-33 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/30-33.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/30-33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effective-concept-and-components-of-4ps-marketing-information-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effective Concept and Components of 4ps Marketing Information System<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a49a5c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a49a5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a49b2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a49b2c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a49cbf\" data-id=\"0a49cbf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a49e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a49e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a49eb0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a49eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4a01f\" data-id=\"0a4a01f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4a141 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4a141\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Integrating Information and Communication Technology into Teaching of Cellular Respiration at the Colleges of Education<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Richard Koranteng Akpanglo-Nartey, Judith Kafui Kemetse &amp; Samuel Agyekum Darkwa &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 34-40<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4a1e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4a1e3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4a34c\" data-id=\"0a4a34c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4a484 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a4a484\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the effectiveness of integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the teaching and the traditional approach of teaching cellular respiration at the Colleges of Education. Two intact science classes were randomly selected from the two Colleges of Education in the Central region of Ghana who offers the general science programme. The pretest-posttest non-equivalent group quasi-experimental design was used. The students in the experimental group learned cellular respiration using an ICT rich environment, whereas the students in the control group were taught the same cellular respiration using the traditional approach. The results indicated that students taught with the integration of ICT outperformed their counterparts taught with the traditional approach. It was also found that students in the experimental group had positive perceptions of using ICT in teaching and learning. It was recommended that tutors at the Colleges of Education should integrate ICT into their teaching.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 34-40\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Richard Koranteng Akpanglo-Nartey<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science, Mount Mary College of Education, P. O. Box 19, Somanya, Ghana<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Judith Kafui Kemetse<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science, E. P. College of Education, P. O. Box AM 12, Amedzofe, Ghana<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Agyekum Darkwa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science, Mount Mary College of Education, P. O. Box 19, Somanya, Ghana<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Albirini, A. (2006). &#8216;Teachers&#8217; attitudes toward information and communication technologies: The case of Syrian EFL teachers&#8217;. Computers &amp; Education, 47, 373-398.<br \/>\r\n[2] Baggott La Velle, L., Wishart, J., McFarlane, R. B., &amp; John, P. (2007). Technological and learning with ICT within the subject culture of secondary school science. Research in Science &amp; Technological Education, 25(3), 339\u2013349.<br \/>\r\n[3] Briggs, B.; Mitton, T.; Smith, R.; Magnusson, T. (2009). Teaching cellular respiration and alternate energy sources with a laboratory exercise developed by a scientist-teacher partnership. Am. Biol. Teach, 71, 164\u2013167.<br \/>\r\n[4] Bybee, R. W., Poewll, J. C., &amp; Trowbridge, L. W. (2008). Teaching secondary school: Strategies for developing scientific literacy (9th ed.). London: Pearson Prentice Hall.<br \/>\r\n[5] Chai, C. S., Koh, J. H. L., &amp; Tsai, C. C. (2010). Facilitating preservice teachers&#8217; development of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). Journal of EducationalTechnology &amp; Society, 13(4), 63\u201373.<br \/>\r\n[6] Chalmers, P. A. (2000). User interface improvements in computer-assisted instruction, the challenge. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 507\u2013517.<br \/>\r\n[7] Cox, M. J. (1999). Motivating pupils through the use of ICT. In M. Leask, &amp; N. Pachler,(Eds.), Learning to teach using ICT in secondary school. London: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[8] Cotton, K. (1991). Computer-assisted instruction (No. 10). The School Improvement ResearchSeries. Portland.<br \/>\r\n[9] Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methodsapproaches (3rd ed.). London: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[10] Dam, M., Ottenhof, K., Boxtel, C. V., &amp; Janssen, F. (2019). Understanding cellular respiration through simulation using Lego\u00ae as a concrete dynamic model. Education Sciences, 9(72), 1-21.<br \/>\r\n[11] Edwards, T. O. (1970). Optimizing computer-assisted instruction by applying principles of learning theory. Report available from ERIC. http:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/ERICWebPortal\/Record Detail? accno\u00bcED105899<br \/>\r\n[12] Hardy, M. (2010). Enhancing preservice mathematics teachers\u2019 TPCK. Journal of Computers inMathematics and Science Teaching, 29(1), 73\u201386.<br \/>\r\n[13] Imhanlahimi, O. E., &amp; Imhanlahimi, R. E. (2008). An evaluation of the effectiveness of computer-assisted learning strategy and expository method of teaching biology: A case study of lumen Christi international high school, Uromi, Nigeria. Journal of Social Science, 16(3), 215\u2013220.<br \/>\r\n[14] Kausar, T., Choudhry, B. N., &amp; Gujjar, A. A. (2008). A comparative study to evaluate theeffectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) versus classroom lecture (CRL) for computer science at ICS level. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,7(4), 11\u201321.<br \/>\r\n[15] Kulik, J. A., &amp; Bangert-Drowns, R. L. (1983). Effectiveness of technology in precollege mathematics and science teaching. Journal of Educational Technology Research, 12(2), 137\u2013158.<br \/>\r\n[16] Mbwesa, J. (2014). Transactional distance as a predictor of perceived learner satisfaction in distance learning courses: A case of Bachelor of Arts program, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2(2), 176-188.<br \/>\r\n[17] Molnar, A. S. (1997). Computers in education: A brief history. The Journal of Technological Horizons in Education, 24(11), 63-68. Retrieved from http:\/\/thejournal.comCAI Effect on Rural Algebra I Students 35.<br \/>\r\n[18] Noor-Ul-Amin, S. (2013). Effective use of ICT for education and learning by drawing onworldwide knowledge, research, and experience: ICT as a change agent for education (A Literature review). Scholarly Journal of Education, 2(4), 38-45.<br \/>\r\n[19] Obanya, P. A. (2009). Dreaming, living, and doing education. Ibadan: Educational Research andStudy Group.<br \/>\r\n[20] Owusu, K. A., Monney, K. A., Appiah, J. Y., &amp; Wilmot, E. M. (2010). Effects of computer-assisted instruction on the performance of senior high school biology students in Ghana. Computers &amp; Education, 55,904\u2013910.<br \/>\r\n[21] Patro, E. T. (2008). Teaching aerobic cell respiration using the 5 Es. Am. Biol. Teach, 70, 85\u201387.<br \/>\r\n[22] Salaway, G., Caruso, J. B., &amp; Nelson, M. R. (2008). The ECAR study of undergraduate students and information technology 2008 (Vol. Research study, 8). Boulder, CO, EDUCAUSE: Centre for Applied Research. Retrieved on 23\/06\/2019. Available from. http:\/\/www.educausd.edu\/ecar.<br \/>\r\n[23] Selwyn, N. (1999). Students\u2019 attitudes towards computers in sixteen to nineteen education. Education and Information Technologies, 4(2), 129\u2013141.<br \/>\r\n[24] Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.<br \/>\r\n[25] Skinner, B. F. (1968). The technology of teaching. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.<br \/>\r\n[26] Songer, C. J. &amp;Mintzes, J. J. (1994). Understanding cellular respiration: An analysis of conceptual change in college biology. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 31(6), 621\u2013637. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/tea.366031060<br \/>\r\n[27] Tabassum, R. (2004). Effect of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on the secondary school student achievement in science. Ph.D. Thesis, Rawalpindi, Pakistan: University of Arid Agriculture. Retrieved on 23\/06\/19. Prr.hec.gov.pk\/thesis\/235.pdf<br \/>\r\n[28] Tebabal, A., &amp; Kahssay, G. (2011). The Effects of a student-centered approach in improving students&#8217; graphical interpretation skills and conceptual understanding of kinematical motion. Latin-American Journal of Physics Education, 5(2), 374-381.<br \/>\r\n[29] Ummels, M. H. J., Kamp, M. J. A., de Kroon, H., &amp; Boersma, K. Th. (2015). Designing and evaluating a context-based lesson sequence promoting conceptual coherence in biology. Journal of Biological Education, 49(1), 38\u201352.<br \/>\r\n[30] Webb, M. (2002). Pedagogical reasoning: Issues and solutions for the teaching and learning of ICT in secondary schools. Education and Information Technologies, 7(3), 237-255.<br \/>\r\n[31] Wells J, Lewis L, Greene \u0412 (2006) Internet access in U.S. public schools and classrooms: 1994-2005 (Highlights) (FRSS No. 2007-020). National Center for Education Statistics, Wash<br \/>\r\n[32] Wierdsma, M., Marie-Christine Knippels, M., van Oers, B., &amp; Boersma, K. (2016). Recontextualizing cellular respiration in upper secondary biology education. Characteristics and practicability of learning and teaching strategy. Journal of Biological Education, 50(3), 239\u2013250.<br \/>\r\n[33] Yousef, A. M. F., Chatti, M. A., &amp; Schroeder, U. (2014). The state of video-based learning: A Review and future perspectives. International Journal on Advances in Life Sciences, 6(3 &amp; 4), 122-135.<br \/>\r\n[34] Young, S. C. (2003). Integrating ICT into second language education in a vocational high school. Journal of Computers Assisted Learning, 19, 447-461.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Richard Koranteng Akpanglo-Nartey, Judith Kafui Kemetse &amp; Samuel Agyekum Darkwa &#8220;Impact of Integrating Information and Communication Technology into Teaching of Cellular Respiration at the Colleges of Education&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.34-40 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/34-40.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/34-40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-integrating-information-and-communication-technology-into-teaching-of-cellular-respiration-at-the-colleges-of-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Integrating Information and Communication Technology into Teaching of Cellular Respiration at the Colleges of Education<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b25a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a4b25a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b33c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4b33c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b4b0\" data-id=\"0a4b4b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4b619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b6c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4b6c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b82a\" data-id=\"0a4b82a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b946 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4b946\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4b9e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4b9e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4bb24\" data-id=\"0a4bb24\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4bc37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4bc37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4bcd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4bcd2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4be1d\" data-id=\"0a4be1d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4bf23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4bf23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4bfc8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4bfc8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c114\" data-id=\"0a4c114\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c21b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4c21b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c2b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4c2b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c413\" data-id=\"0a4c413\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4c526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analytical Method for Comparison of Suitable Wet Digestion Methods for Heavy Metal Analysis in Soil around a Cement Industry<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Adedeji S. Asher, Kakulu E. Samuel, Dauda S. Mary &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 41-47<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c5c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4c5c0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c71a\" data-id=\"0a4c71a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4c845 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a4c845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1071\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The approach of determination of precision and use of statistical analysis was applied in order to determine the suitable acid mixture for digestion of soil sample for heavy metal analysis in this work. Four different acid mixtures (HNO<sub>3 <\/sub>(60%v\/v), HNO<sub>3<\/sub>:H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4 <\/sub>(2:9), HNO<sub>3<\/sub>\/HCl (1:3), HNO<sub>3<\/sub>\/HCl\/H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (5:1:1), \u00a0were compared over nine selected heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co and Cu), and soil near a cement factory were analyzed . The precision for each of the metal\u00a0 in each of the acid mixture, the recovery\u00a0 and analysis of variance were applied to determined the most suitable acid mixture for digestion. From\u00a0 the results it was deduced that the t-calculated for 6 metals\u00a0 (Cd (0.577), Co (1.165),\u00a0 Mn (0.380), Cu (0.545),\u00a0 Ni (1.449) and Zn (1.424) (Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn) were not significantly different for methods HCl:HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (3:1) and HNO<sub>3<\/sub>:HCl:H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (5:1:1),\u00a0 except for Fe, Cr and Pb with significant difference. he heavy metal precision results, shows that method\u00a0 HNO<sub>3<\/sub>:HCl:H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (5:1:1) , had 7 metals with higher precisions which includes Fe and Cr, while\u00a0 HCl:HNO<sub>3<\/sub> (3:1)\u00a0 had 5 metals with higher precision but does not include Fe and Cr. The statistical analysis revealed that method\u00a0 HNO<sub>3<\/sub>:HCl:H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (5:1:1) was the most efficient digestion method for the soil heavy metal analysis as it had given a significant high recovery (p &lt; 0.05) for most of the metals under review. Accuracy of the acid mixture selected (HNO<sub>3<\/sub>:HCl:H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (5:1:1)) was evaluated by the analysis of experimental reference material (ERM CC-141) loam soil obtained from the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Belgium. The ERM analysis presented good recoveries for most of the metals ranging from 86.4 to 111.0 %.\u00a0 The determined concentrations were in good agreement with the certified values from the ERM CC-141.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 41-47\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1072\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adedeji S. Asher<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Unit, Mathematics Programme, National Mathematical Centre, P. M. B. 118, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kakulu E. Samuel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Natural Sciences, University of Abuja, P. M. B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dauda S. Mary<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Natural Sciences, University of Abuja, P. M. B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1073\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1073\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Addo MA, Darko EO, Gordon C, Nyarko JB, Gbadago JK, Nyarko E, Affum HA and Botwe BO 2012. Evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soil and vegetation in the vicinity of a cement factory in the Volta Region, Ghana. International Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (1): 40 &#8211; 50. (B)<br \/>\r\n[2]. Ang H, and Lee K., 2005, Analysis of mercury in Malaysian herbal preparations: a peer-review. Biomed Science ;4:31\u20136.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Duyusen E. G\u00fcven and G\u00f6rkem Akinci, 2011, Comparison of Acid Digestion Techniques To Determine Heavy Metals In Sediment And Soil Samples, Gazi University Journal of Science<br \/>\r\nGU, 24(1):29-34<br \/>\r\n[4]. Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., and Vouk, V., \u201cHandbook on the Toxicology of Metals\u201d, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 18 (1986).<br \/>\r\n[5]. G\u00fcler S. and Arzu N. U. 2006, The effect of acid digestion on the recoveries of trace elements: recommended policies for the elimination of losses. Turkish Journal of Chemistry. ;30:745\u201353.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Heather, G., 2003. Effects of Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops. Ministry of Agricultural, Air Pollution on Agricultural Crops, Ontario, Canada.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Lindsay W.L. and Norvell W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42: 421-428.<br \/>\r\n[8]. McBride M. B. (1989) Reactions controlling heavy metal solubility in soils. In: Advances in soil science, 10, 1-56<br \/>\r\n[9]. Sadhana Chaurasia1 , Iqbal Ahmad, Anand Dev Gupta and Sanatan Kumar, (2014) Assessment of air pollution emission from Cement Industries in Nimbahera, Rajasthan, India. International Journal of current Microbiology and applied Science, 3, 3, 133-139<br \/>\r\n[10]. Sahrawat, K.L., Kumar, G.R. and J. K. and Rao, J.K. (2002) Evaluation of triacid and dry ashing procedures for determining potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper in plant materials. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 33 (1-2), 95-102.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Sastre, S., Sahuquillo, A., Vidal, M., Rauret, G., 2002, \u201cDetermination of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in environmental samples: microwave-assisted total digestion versus aqua regia and nitric acid extraction\u201d, Anal. Chim. Acta, 462:59-72.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Schuhmacher M, Nadal M, Domingo J. L., 2004, Metal pollution of soils and vegetation in an area with petrochemical industry. Science Total Environment321(1-3):59-69.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Sofani Tafesse Gebreyesus , 2014, Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil: Sources &amp; Washing through Chemical Extractants, American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 10, (1), pp 54-60<br \/>\r\n[14]. Wuana R. A., Okieimen F. E., and Ikyereve R. E., 2008, \u201cRemoval of lead and copper from contaminated kaolin and bulk clay soils using acids and chelating agents,\u201d Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 33, (1), 213\u2013219.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Yahaya, T. Okpuzor, J. and Oladele, E. O. 2012. Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Cement Dust Using Allium cepa Test, Research Journal in Mutagenesis, 1: 10-18.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Zhang H., Dang Z., Zheng L. C., and Yi X. Y., 2009, \u201cRemediation of soil co-contaminated with pyrene and cadmium by growing maize (Zea mays L.),\u201d International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6, (2), 249\u2013258.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Zheljazkov V. D. and Nielson N. E., 1996, Effect of heavy metals on peppermint and corn mint. Plant Soil.;178:59\u201366.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Zeng-Yei Hseu, 2004, Evaluating heavy metal contents in nine composts using four digestion methods, Bioresource Technology (95) 53\u201359<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1074\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1074\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adedeji S. Asher, Kakulu E. Samuel, Dauda S. Mary &#8220;Analytical Method for Comparison of Suitable Wet Digestion Methods for Heavy Metal Analysis in Soil around a Cement Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.41-47 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/41-47.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1075\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1075\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/41-47.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1076\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1076\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analytical-method-for-comparison-of-suitable-wet-digestion-methods-for-heavy-metal-analysis-in-soil-around-a-cement-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Analytical Method for Comparison of Suitable Wet Digestion Methods for Heavy Metal Analysis in Soil around a Cement Industry<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4d668 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a4d668\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4e5f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4e5f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4e697 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4e697\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4e7f3\" data-id=\"0a4e7f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4e8f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4e8f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4e990 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4e990\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4ead4\" data-id=\"0a4ead4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4ebdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4ebdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4ec72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4ec72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4edcf\" data-id=\"0a4edcf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4eee7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a4eee7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Climate Change and Performance of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Approach<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ibeinmo Friday Cookey, Donny Sigah Ayibazuomuno &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 48-57<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a4ef80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a4ef80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a4f104\" data-id=\"0a4f104\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4f23b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a4f23b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper investigated the effect of climate change on agricultural sector performance in Nigeria between 1981 and 2018. Agricultural sector output was disaggregated into crop, livestock, forestry, and fishery. The selected climate change variables are temperature, rainfall, and greenhouse gas emission. Data were collected from the CBN Statistical Bulletin and the Climate Change Knowledge Portal published by the World Bank. The pre-estimation (unit root and bond co integration) tests revealed the time series are integrated of order 0 and 1 and that a long run relationship only exists among the selected variables in the crop and fishery output models. The study found out that, while temperature had negative impact on crop and fishery production, it had positive results on livestock and forestry production. Secondly, while rainfall had positive results on crop and fishery production, it was found to have negative impact on livestock output. Food security is threatened by climate change in Nigeria. Hence, ministries and agencies of the government must work to achieve some remarkable feat in reduction of climate change in Nigeria. Specifically, government active participation in the crusade to save the environment by policies formulation and affirmative action by supporting agencies like Nigeria Meteorological Agencies, NEMA, and National Orientation agency in their drive for safer environment is highly recommended.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 48-57\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibeinmo Friday Cookey<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics. Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, University of Africa, Toru- Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Donny Sigah Ayibazuomuno<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics. Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, University of Africa, Toru- Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aaron, S. (2011).Climate change adaptation and conflict in Nigeria. Special Report United States Institute of Peace. Available at: www.usip.org.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Adejuwon, S.A. (2004). Impact of climate variability and climate change on crop yield in Nigeria. Contributed Paper to Stakeholders Workshop on Assessment of Impact and Adaptation to Climate Change (AIACC): 2-8.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Agboola, T., &amp; Ojeleye, D. (2007) Climate Change and Food Production in Ibadan. Nigeria Afi. Crop Sciconfer Prod, 8, 1423-1433.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Alvaro, C., Tingju, Z., Katrin, R., Richard, S.J.,&amp; Claudia, R. (2009). Economy-wide Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Discussion Paper 00873:1.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Ayinde, O.E., Muchie, M.,&amp;Olatunji,G.B. (2011). Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria: A Co-integration Model Approach, Journal of Human Ecology, 35(3), 189-194<br \/>\r\n[6]. Basak, J.K., Ali, A., Islam, N., &amp;Rashid, A. (2010). Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change on Boro Rice Production in Bangladesh Using DSSAT Model. 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A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios. Agric. Water Man., 61, 195\u2013217.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Eregha, P.B., Babatolu, J.S.,&amp; Akinnubi, R.T. (2014) Climate Change and Crop Production in Nigeria: An Error Correction Modelling Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4, 297-311.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Fasona, M.J., &amp;Omojola, S.A.(2005). Climate Change Human Security and Communal Clashes in Nigeria. An International Workshop Holmen Fjord Hotel, Asker, near Oslo, 21\u201323 June 2005.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Federal Ministry of Environment (2004). Abuja. From (Retrieved on May 20, 2004).<br \/>\r\n[15]. Finger, R., &amp;Schmid, S. (2007). The impact of climate change on mean and variability of Swiss corn production. Info Agrar Wirtchaft, Schriftenreihe 2007\/1. Available Online:(http:\/\/www.cer.ethz.ch\/). Accessed on 25th May 2020.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Gray, W.M. (2009).Climate Change: Driven by the Ocean, Not Human Activity. 2nd Annual Heartland Institute Conference on Climate Change, New York, 8-10 March 2009.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007b).Climate Change: Synthesis Report. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013). Climate Change; The Physical Science Basis,Summary for policy makers, Observed Changes in the Climate System P 15, IN IPCC AR5, WG1. IPCC. https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/pdf\/assessment-report\/ar5\/wg1\/WGIAR5_SPM_brochure_en.pdf<br \/>\r\n[19]. Kandlinkar, M., &amp;Risbey, J.(2000). Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change; if adaptation is the answer, what is the question? Climate Change, 45, 529-539.<br \/>\r\n[20]. King, D.(2004). Climate change science: Adapt, mitigate or ignore? Science, 303, 176-177.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Manning, M., &amp;Nobrew, C.(2001). Technical Summary Impact, Adaption and Vulnerability: A Report of Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: J McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leavy, J.D., Dekken, C. White (Eds.): Climate Change 2001: Impact, Adaption and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 44-65.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Manyong, V.M., Ikpi, A., Olayemi, J.K., Yusuf S.A., Omonoma, B.T., Okoruwa, V.,&amp;Idachaba, F.S.(2005). Agriculture in Nigeria: Identifying Opportunities for Increased Commercialization and Investment in USAID\/IITA\/UI Project Report Ibadan, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Mathauda, S.S., Mavi, H.S., Bhangoo, B.S., &amp; Dhaliwal, B.K. (2001) Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Rice Production in Punjab (India). Tropical Ecology, 41, 95-98.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Medell\u00edn-Azuara, J., Harou, J.J., &amp;Howitt, R.E. (2010). Estimating economic value of agricultural water under changing conditions and the effects of spatial aggregation. Sci. Tot. Environ. 408(23), 5639\u20135648.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Mendelsohn, R., Dinar, A. (eds) (2009). Climate Change and Agriculture-An Economic Analysis of Global Impacts, Adaptation and Distributional Effect: New Horizons in Environmental Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Mohammed-Lawal, A., &amp;Atte, O.A.(2006). An Analysis of Agricultural Production in Nigeria. African Journal of General Agriculture, 2(1), 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Narayan, P. K (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979\u20131990.<br \/>\r\n[28]. Nastis, S.A., Michailidis, A., &amp;Chatzitheodoridis, F. (2012)Climate Change and Agricultural Productivity. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(35), 4885-4893,DOI: 10.5897\/AJAR11.2395<br \/>\r\n[29]. Ngene, U. (2012) Climate change: Any impact on Nigeria? Vanguard News On line Newspaper,Vanguard Media Limited, Nigeria News Thursday 12 May. Available at:http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2012\/10\/climate-change-any-impact-on-nigeria\/<br \/>\r\n[30]. Niggol, S., &amp;Mendelsohn, R.(2008). Animal Husbandry in Africa: Climate impacts and adaptations. AfJARE, 2(1), 66.<br \/>\r\n[31]. Nin, A., Ehui, S., &amp;Benin, S.(2007). Livestock productivity in developing countries: An assessment. In: R. Evenson, Pingali P (Eds.): Handbook of Agricultural Economics (3). North Holland: Oxford Press, 2467-2532.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Obioha, E.(2008). Climate change, population drift and violent conflict over land resources in north eastern Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 23(4), 311-324.<br \/>\r\n[33]. Ogen, O. (2007). The agricultural sector and Nigeria\u2019s development: Comparative perspectives from the Brazilian agro-industry economy, 1960-1995. Nebula, 4(10), 184-194.<br \/>\r\n[34]. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y.,&amp;Smith, R. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289\u2013326.<br \/>\r\n[35]. Pielke, S.R. (2009). Climate Change: The Need to Consider Human Forcings besides Greenhouse Gases. Earth Observation Satellite (EOS), 90, 413.<br \/>\r\n[36]. Simon, D., Alex, B., Charlie, D., &amp; Philip, G.(2016). Climate value at risk\u2019 of global financial assets. Journal of Nature Climate Change,6(4), 34-42. Available at:www.nature.com\/natureclimatechange.<br \/>\r\n[37]. Stewart, R. (2000). Welcome Address. Proceedings of the 7 World Sugar Conference, Durbar.<br \/>\r\n[38]. Terfa, A. (2012). Climate Change and Food Supply in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies, 54, 209.<br \/>\r\n[39]. Torriani, D., Calanca, P., Schmid, S., Beniston, M. Fuhrer, J. (2007). Potential effects of changes in mean climate and climate variability on the yield of winter and spring crops in Switzerland. Clim. Res., 34, 59-69.<br \/>\r\n[40]. Torvanger, A., Twena, M., &amp; Romstad, B. (2004).Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Productivity in Norway. Centre for International Climate and Environment Research Working Paper 10.Centre for International Climate and Environment Research, Oslo.<br \/>\r\n[41]. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2007) Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in Developing Countries.Bonn: Climate Change Secretariat.<br \/>\r\n[42]. World Bank Group (WBG) (2013). Making Nigeria\u2019s development more climate-resilient and lesscarbon-intensive. Available at: http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ibeinmo Friday Cookey, Donny Sigah Ayibazuomuno &#8220;Climate Change and Performance of the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.48-57 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/48-57.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a50292\" data-id=\"0a50292\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a503b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a503b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5045e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5045e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a505b3\" data-id=\"0a505b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a506c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a506c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a50768 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a50768\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a508b1\" data-id=\"0a508b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a509bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a509bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a50a63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a50a63\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a50bb9\" data-id=\"0a50bb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a50cbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a50cbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a50d59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a50d59\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a50ebc\" data-id=\"0a50ebc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a51006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a51006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a510b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a510b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a51212\" data-id=\"0a51212\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a51326 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a51326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a513c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a513c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5151c\" data-id=\"0a5151c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a51632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a51632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Fusion of CNN and LBP-HOG Features for Face Detection<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Gopika G Das &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 58-59<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a516d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a516d4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5182e\" data-id=\"0a5182e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a51943 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a51943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Face recognition is widely used in security based applications. Even mobile phones and other such gadgets consider face as one of the most secure biometric application. It is necessary that the biometric authentication system needs to prevent sophisticated spoofing challenges. Advantages of deep learning, LBP-HOG and convolutional neural network are used in spoof detection.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 58-59\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gopika G Das<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Applications, Sree Narayana Guru Institute of Science and Technology, Manjali, N.Paravur, Ernakulam, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. Zi Wang, Chengcheng Li, and Huiri shao (April 2018), \u201cEye Recognition With Mixed Convolutional and Residual Network (MiCore-Net)\u201d, in IEEE Access, DOI 10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2812208.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Timo Ahonen, Abdenour Hadid, and Matti Pietikainen (2004). Face Recognition with Local Binary Patterns: Machine Vision Group, Infotech Oulu.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Snehal Humne and Prachi Sorte (2018). A Review on Face Recognition using Local Binary Pattern Algorithm: M.E. Dept. of I.T., R.M.D. School of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India Asst. Professor, Dept. of I.T., R.M.D. School of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra,India.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Rui Shao, Xiangyuan Lan, Pong C. Yuen (2017). Deep Convolutional Dynamic Texture Learning with Adaptive Channeldiscriminability for 3D Mask Face Anti-spoofing: Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Abhilasha A Patil, Lakshmi Maka, Abhilasha A Patil and Lakshmi Maka (2015). User Recognition Based on Face using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) : International Journal of Ethics in Engineering &amp; Management Education.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gopika G Das, &#8220;Fusion of CNN and LBP-HOG Features for Face Detection&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.58-59 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/58-59.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/58-59.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/fusion-of-cnn-and-lbp-hog-features-for-face-detection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fusion of CNN and LBP-HOG Features for Face Detection<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a52721 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a52721\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a52801 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a52801\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a52976\" data-id=\"0a52976\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a52a9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a52a9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a52b38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a52b38\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a52c7d\" data-id=\"0a52c7d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a52d99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a52d99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a52e33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a52e33\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a52f7e\" data-id=\"0a52f7e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a53081 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a53081\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a53122 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a53122\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a53270\" data-id=\"0a53270\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a53372 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a53372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5340a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5340a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a53554\" data-id=\"0a53554\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a53663 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a53663\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a536ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a536ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a53841\" data-id=\"0a53841\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5394b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5394b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a539e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a539e3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a53b2a\" data-id=\"0a53b2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a53c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a53c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a53cd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a53cd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a53e32\" data-id=\"0a53e32\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a53f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a53f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Recreational Aspects of Open Green Spaces in Neighbourhood<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ar. Anju Ahirwal &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 60-67<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a53fd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a53fd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5414c\" data-id=\"0a5414c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a54283 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a54283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Open green space in neighbourhood primarily meant for recreation. Recreation is always been an integral part of human life for being physically and mentally fit. Quantity and quality of open spaces, parks in particular, provide opportunities for recreation and social interactions that provide quality of life to residents. Due to lack of quality standards for open space, park potentials in terms of recreation are not being utilized properly. This paper aims to understand the recreational aspect of open green space and their contribution in recreational needs in neighbourhood. Recreational aspects of the park can be understood by investigating park quality and user experience, here park quality assessment based on quality for neighbourhood park criteria (QNPC). The study focuses on green open space in a planned residential area in Faridabad an industrial town in NCR region. The Methodology follows a qualitative approach; field observation and interviews of park users Result reveal that without quality, the quantity of parks did not satisfy user\u2019s recreational experience. Findings also act as a performance indicator of existing parks and provide guidelines for further work of the urban local bodies on green open spaces in a residential area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 60-67\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ar. Anju Ahirwal<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, School of Architecture, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P., India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. A. Ka\u017amierczak, \u201cThe contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties,\u201d Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 31\u201344, Jan. 2013, doi: 10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2012.05.007.<br \/>\r\n[2]. D. Oguz, \u201cUser surveys of Ankara\u2019s urban parks,\u201d Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 52, no. 2\u20133, pp. 165\u2013171, 2000, doi: 10.1016\/S0169-2046(00)00130-4.<br \/>\r\n[3]. A. Van Herzele and T. Wiedemann, \u201cA monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attractive urban green spaces,\u201d Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 109\u2013126, 2003, doi: 10.1016\/S0169-2046(02)00192-5.<br \/>\r\n[4]. N. A. Malek, M. Mariapan, and M. K. M. Shariff, \u201cThe Making of a Quality Neighbourhood Park: A Path Model Approach,\u201d Procedia &#8211; Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 49, pp. 202\u2013214, 2012, doi: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.07.019.<br \/>\r\n[5]. C. Alexander, S. Ishikawa, and M. Silverstienm, \u201cA pattern language: towns, buildings, construction.\u201d Oxford University Press, 1977.<br \/>\r\n[6]. B. Cemil Bilgili and E. Gkyer, \u201cUrban Green Space System Planning,\u201d in Landscape Planning, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[7]. F. Xue, Z. Gou, and S. S. Y. Lau, \u201cGreen open space in high-dense Asian cities: Site configurations, microclimates and users\u2019 perceptions,\u201d Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 34, pp. 114\u2013125, 2017, doi: 10.1016\/j.scs.2017.06.014.<br \/>\r\n[8]. N. A. Bakar, N. A. Malek, and M. Mansor, \u201cAccess to Parks and Recreational Opportunities in Urban Low-income Neighbourhood,\u201d Procedia &#8211; Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 234, pp. 299\u2013308, 2016, doi: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.10.246.<br \/>\r\n[9]. P. I. Pratiwi and K. Furuya, \u201cCharacteristics of Tokiwadaira Neighbourhood Park in Matsudo, Japan: A space for the elderly,\u201d Environ. Proc. J., vol. 3, no. 9, p. 37, 2018, doi: 10.21834\/e-bpj.v3i9.1513.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Jan Gehl, Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space, vol. 8, no. 1. 1989.<br \/>\r\n[11]. S.-C. L. Huang, \u201cA study of outdoor interactional spaces in high-rise housing,\u201d Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 78, pp. 193\u2013204, 2006, doi: 10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2005.07.008.<br \/>\r\n[12]. A. T. Kaczynski and K. A. Henderson, \u201cEnvironmental correlates of physical activity: A review of evidence about parks and recreation,\u201d Leisure Sciences, vol. 29, no. 4. pp. 315\u2013354, Jul. 2007, doi: 10.1080\/01490400701394865.<br \/>\r\n[13]. P. H. Gobster, \u201cUrban parks as green walls or green magnets? Interracial relations in neighborhood boundary parks,\u201d Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 43\u201355, 1998, doi: 10.1016\/S0169-2046(98)00045-0.<br \/>\r\n[14]. A. Chiesura, \u201cThe role of urban parks for the sustainable city,\u201d Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 129\u2013138, 2004, doi: 10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003.<br \/>\r\n[15]. W. Theobald, \u201cA history of recreation resource planning: The origins of space standards,\u201d Leis. Stud., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 189\u2013200, 1984, doi: 10.1080\/02614368400390161.<br \/>\r\n[16]. M. Jafrin and B. B. Beza, \u201cDeveloping an open space standard in a densely populated city: A case study of Chittagong city,\u201d Infrastructures, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1\u201325, 2018, doi: 10.3390\/infrastructures3030040.<br \/>\r\n[17]. \u201cURDPFI Guidelines.\u201d http:\/\/mohua.gov.in\/upload\/uploadfiles\/files\/URDPFI Guidelines Vol I.pdf (accessed May 11, 2020).<br \/>\r\n[18]. TCPO, \u201cUrban Greening Guidline , 2014.\u201d<br \/>\r\n[19]. CPWD, \u201cGuidline for Landscaping.\u201d<br \/>\r\n[20]. URDPFI, \u201cURDPFI Guideline,\u201d URDPFI Guid. vol-1, 2015, doi: 10.1002\/9783527809080.cataz10301.<br \/>\r\n[21]. A. P. Park &amp; leisure, \u201cOpen space planning and design guide -,\u201d Australas. Park. Leis., vol. 16, no. 3, p. 12, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[22]. J. Gehl, Life between buildings\u202f: using public space. Island Press, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[23]. S. Mutiara and K. Isami, \u201cCharacteristic of Public Small Park Usage in Asia Pacific Countries: Case Study in Jakarta and Yokohama City,\u201d Procedia &#8211; Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 35, pp. 412\u2013419, 2012, doi: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.02.106.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ar. Anju Ahirwal &#8220;Recreational Aspects of Open Green Spaces in Neighbourhood&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp. 60-67 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/60-67.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/60-67.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" 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Neighbourhood<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a55027 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a55027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a55a0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a55a0d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a55b4b\" data-id=\"0a55b4b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a55c60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a55c60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a55fdc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a55fdc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a56128\" data-id=\"0a56128\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5622d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5622d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a562c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a562c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a56410\" data-id=\"0a56410\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5651a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5651a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a565b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a565b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a56713\" data-id=\"0a56713\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a56851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a56851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>B-Mode ocular ultrasound: The Aba Experience<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Eweputanna LI, Otuka OAI, Eweputanna CC, Madubueze GA, Kalu A., Dr Lisa Eweputanna &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 68-72<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a568fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a568fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a56a5b\" data-id=\"0a56a5b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a56b81 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a56b81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Introduction:<\/p>\r\n<p>B-Mode ocular ultrasound is of great value to the surgeon in pre- operative assessment of posterior structures of the eye in patients with opaque media.<\/p>\r\n<p>Objectives:<\/p>\r\n<p>This study reviewed the ocularB- mode findings in patients in Aba. It provides a baseline data for further studies.<\/p>\r\n<p>Methodology:<\/p>\r\n<p>One hundred and twenty patients were referred from the Ophthalmology Unit of Abia State University Teaching Hospital and evaluated with B\u2013 mode ocular ultrasound at the Radiology department ABSUTH and Todac clinic over a period of 2years.With patients in a supine position, coupling gel was applied on the closed eyelids and both eyes were evaluated by a Radiologist with high frequency (7.5-12.0 MHz) linear probe on a Sonoscape S-30 ultrasound machine in the longitudinal and transverse planes. Kinetic and Doppler echography were also done.<\/p>\r\n<p>Results: <\/p>\r\n<p>Patients between the ages of 6 months and 90years were evaluated. Fifty-seven patients were males while 63 were females. The most common and the least common sonographic findings were cataract (80.1%) and retinoblastoma (1.67%). Other findings were vitreous degeneration, ectopic lens,retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, posterior vitreous detachment, pan ophthalmitis, phthisis bulbi and optic disc drusen.<\/p>\r\n<p>Conclusion<\/p>\r\n<p>B-mode sonography is a veritable tool in eye evaluation. It is safe, non-invasive and accurate way of interrogating the eye. It should be a first line radiological investigation in ocular lesions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 68-72\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eweputanna LI<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, Abia State University, Aba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Otuka OAI<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOphthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital, Abia State University, Aba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eweputanna CC<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nTodac Specialist Clinic, Aba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Madubueze GA<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt Nicholas Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kalu A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOphthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital, Abia State University, Aba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Lisa Eweputanna<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOphthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital, Abia State University, Aba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Silverman RH. High resolution ultrasound imaging of the eye. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2009 Jan; 37(1):54-67.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Sushil GK, Devidas SK. An imaging review of intraocular calcifications. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Jan; 8(1): 203-205.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Aironi VD, Gandage SG. Pictorial essay: B- Scan Ultrasonography in Ocular abnormalities. Ind J. Radiol Image.2009 May; 19 (2):109 \u2013 115.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Abdul MM, Sivasubramaniam S, Murthy GVS, Gilbert C, Abubakar T, et al . Causes of Visual Impairment in Nigeria: The Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey. Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 2009 Sept; Vol .50: 4114-4120.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Bourne RRA, Stevens GA, White RA, Smith JL et al. Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990-2010: a systemic analysis. Lancet glob health. 2013 Dec; 1(6):e339-49.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Mendes MH, Betinjane AJ, Cavalcante A, Cheng CT et al. Ultrasonographic Findings in Patients Examined in Cataract Detection-and-Treatment Campaigns: A Retrospective Study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009 Jul, 64(7):637-640.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Aironic VD, Gandage SG. Pictorial essay: B-scan ultrasonography in ocular abnormalities . The lndian Journal Radiology &amp;lmaging :2009 may; 19 (2) 109-115.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Lorente-Ramus RM, Arman JA, Munoz-Hernandez A, Gomez JMG et al. US of the Eye Made Easy: A Comprehensive How-to Review with Ophthalmoscopic Correlation. RadioGraphics. 2012 Sept; Vol. 32 No.5<br \/>\r\n[9]. Polo MDHL, Lluis AT, Mitjuna C, Bosque AA et al .Ocular Ultrasonography focused on the posterior eye segment .What radiologists should know .Insights lmaging . 2016 Jun; 7 (3) 351-364.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Haouimi A, Hacking C. Choroidal detachment Assessed at https:\/\/ radiopaedia.org\/articles\/ choroidal detachment?lang=gb on 19\/10\/19.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Lane JI, Waston RE, Witte RJ. and MnCannel CA. Retinal detachment: Imaging of Surgical Treatments and Complications. Raddiographics2003:23:983-994.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Baker N, Amini R, Situ-LaCasse EH, Acuna J et al. Can emergency physician accurately distinguish retinal detachment from posterior vitreous detachment with point-of-care ocular ultrasound? Am J Emerg Med 2018 May ,36(5) 774-776.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Tugcu B, Ozdemir H. Imaging Methods in the Diagnosis of Optic Disc Drusen. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2016 Oct; 46(5): 232-236.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Friedman AH, Gartner S, Modi SS. Drusen of the optic disc. A retrospective study in cadaver eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975; 59:413-421.<br \/>\r\n[15]. LeBedis CA, Sakai O. Non traumatic orbital conditions: Diagnosis with CT and MRI in the Emergent setting radiographic. 2008, 28 (6) : 1741 -53 .<br \/>\r\n[16]. Bell DJ. and Gaillard. Phthisis Bulbi Assessed at https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/phthisis-bulbi?lang=gb on 24\/10\/19.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Kaste SC, Jenkins JJ, Pratt CB et-al. Retinoblastoma: sonographic findings with pathologic correlation in pediatric patients . AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 175 (2): 495-501. {PUB MED CITATION }<br \/>\r\n[18]. Aerts I, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Gauthier- Villars M etal. Retinoblastoma. 2006;1: 31 .doi: 1186\/1750-1172-1-31 { FREE TEXT AT PUB-MED} {PUB MED CITATION }<br \/>\r\n[19]. Pujari A, Singh R, Regani H and Agrawal S. Bilateral Optic Disc Coloboma BMJ Case rep 2017. doi : 10.1136\/bcr-2017-221547<br \/>\r\n[20]. Barkovich AJ. Paediatric neuroimaging. Lippincott Williams &amp; wilikins. (2005) ISBN: 0781757665. Read it Google Books. Find it at Amazon<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eweputanna LI, Otuka OAI, Eweputanna CC, Madubueze GA, Kalu A., Dr Lisa Eweputanna &#8220;B-Mode ocular ultrasound: The Aba Experience&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.68-72 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/68-72.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/68-72.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/b-mode-ocular-ultrasound-the-aba-experience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">B-Mode ocular ultrasound: The Aba Experience<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a57943 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a57943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a57a28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a57a28\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a57ba4\" 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data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a588a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a588a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a58940 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a58940\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a58a85\" data-id=\"0a58a85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a58b93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a58b93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a58c36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a58c36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a58dd3\" data-id=\"0a58dd3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a58f00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a58f00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>q\u2013Special Function and Integral Transform<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ritu Sharma, Abha Tenguria &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 73-76<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a58fa4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a58fa4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5911d\" data-id=\"0a5911d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5923d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a5923d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In this paper we discuss about special function with q-analog and find out relation of q-Gamma function into Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform. We find out some new property and relations<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 73-76\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ritu Sharma<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBarkatullah Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal (M.P), India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abha Tenguria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nGovt. Maharani Laxmi Bai Girl\u2019s P.G. (Autonomous) College, Bhopal (M.P.), India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Mounasellami, kamel brahim,and n\u00e9ji bettaibi, New inequalities for some special and q-special functions jipam,volume 8,article 47(2007). 2,<br \/>\r\n[2]. Mohammed muniru iddrisu and kodjoe isaac tetteh, The gamma function and its analytical applications, jamcs, 23(3): 1-16, (2017).<br \/>\r\n[3]. Thomas ernst, The history of q-calculus and a new method., (1999).<br \/>\r\n[4]. Necmettin alp and mehmet zeki sarikaya, q-gamma and q-beta functions on quantum integral, article \u2022 december 2018.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Rafael D\u00b4\u0131az_ and Carolina Teruel\u2020,q,k-generalized gamma and beta functions, February 1, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Gauhar Rahman, Shahid Mubeen, Abdur Rehman, andMammona Naz, On q-Gamma and q-Beta Distributions and Moment Generating Functions, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Probability and Statistics,Published 15 July 2014.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Shahid mubeen,A note on k-gamma function and pochhammer k symbol,JIMS Vol-6,2014.<br \/>\r\n[8]. V.D.Sharma,Operational Calculus on Generalized Fourier \u2013Laplace Transform,IJSIMR,Vol2,2014.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ritu Sharma, Abha Tenguria &#8220;q\u2013Special Function and Integral Transform&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.73-76 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/73-76.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/73-76.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/q-special-function-and-integral-transform\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>q\u2013Special Function and Integral Transform<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a1e1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a5a1e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a2bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5a2bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a439\" data-id=\"0a5a439\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a54e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5a54e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a5e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5a5e7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a740\" data-id=\"0a5a740\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a857 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5a857\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5a8f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5a8f4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5aa41\" data-id=\"0a5aa41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5ab52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5ab52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5abeb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5abeb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5ad2b\" data-id=\"0a5ad2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5ae3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5ae3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5aed6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5aed6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5b03e\" data-id=\"0a5b03e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5b149 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5b149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges against Effective Teaching and Learning of Geography in Senior Secondary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>AUN Thompson Toryuha, ADAGA Herbert Inongun, AJALA Toluwanimi McDaniel, ODUNAYO Daniel and ADAAKU Judith Mbakeren &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 77-83<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5b1f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5b1f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5b374\" data-id=\"0a5b374\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5b62a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a5b62a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was designed to assess the Challenges against Effective Teaching and Learning of Geography in Senior Secondary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State. The descriptive survey method was used for analyzing the data due to its uniqueness. The population of the study comprises of all the senior secondary school students in Ilorin metropolis of kwara state and the total of one hundred and ninety nine (199) SSS2 geography students were selected from eight (8) different schools. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire. Frequency count was used to answer research questions one (1) and two (2) while t-test was used to test the hypothesis using SPSS. The finding of the study revealed that there are several challenges to effective teaching and learning of geography and that there are no available instructional resources for the teaching and learning of geography in Ilorin metropolis. The finding revealed further that there is no significant difference in the assessment of challenges against effective teaching and learning of geography based on gender. Recommendation for the provision of adequate and qualified teachers, instructional resources, provision of fund among others were made Suggestion for extending the research study to cover the whole state was also made by the researcher.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 77-83\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AUN Thompson Toryuha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADAGA Herbert Inongun<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AJALA Toluwanimi McDaniel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ODUNAYO Daniel <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADAAKU Judith Mbakeren<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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(1992).Principles,Methods and Techniques of Teaching;New Dehli:Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd<br \/>\r\n[8]. Ajibade L.T and Raheem U.A. (2009).A Reappraisal of Fieldwork as a Teaching Method in Geography; Unpublished Paper<br \/>\r\n[9]. Bajah, A. (2002). Research in Education(4th Edition),Eagle World Cliff,N.J; Prentice Hall International<br \/>\r\n[10]. Ball, C. (2007).Start Right:The Importance of Early LearningReport):The Royal Society of Education<br \/>\r\n[11]. Balogun, A. (1999).\u2019\u2019Effective Teaching and Learning:Scaffolding Revisited\u2019\u2019 Oxford Review of Education,Vol. 22,1.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Daniela, T. Michael, W.&amp; Taylor, F. (2002). Teaching and Learning Geography(Revised 2008),The Guardian Press Educational Research (2141-5161); August 2012 Vol.3 Issue 8 p692<br \/>\r\n[13]. Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004).National Policy on Education; Lagos NERDC Press<br \/>\r\n[14]. Guari D (2010) Complete Information on Project Method of Teaching Geography.Designed by Joom\/Art.com Revised 2014<br \/>\r\n[15]. http\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/30182896?seq=3andsearch=yesandsearchText=acahallengesand<br \/>\r\n[16]. http:\/\/www.teachinchallenges.com\/2009\/01\/challenges-of-teachinghtml<br \/>\r\n[17]. Jimoh S.A. (2002).Psychology of Learning, Ilorin, Nigeria: INDEMAC (Nigeria Publishers) Ltd<br \/>\r\n[18]. Kennedy, O. (2012). ECTSubjectMethodsGeography,Nairobi@http:\/\/kennedyobiero-uon-ect-212.wikispace.com<br \/>\r\n[19]. mhtml:file:\/\/C:\\users\\MrIsaac\\Document\\challenges Teaching Geography.mht<br \/>\r\n[20]. Obasi M.N. (2011). Urban-Rural Differentials in Teaching and Learning of Geography in Ahiazu Mbaise and Owerri MunicipalCouncil in Imo State Environmental Research Journal Vol.5 Issue 4, 2011<br \/>\r\n[21]. Okunloye R.W. (2005).Effective Teaching Methods and Evaluation Process: A Workshop Paper for Primary Schools Teaching in Osun State, Nigeria(31\/01\/05)<br \/>\r\n[22]. Olawepo, J.A. (1993).Problems of Teaching Geography in Kwara State, Unpublished Paper<br \/>\r\n[23]. Olawepo, J.A. (1999). Hints for the Geography Student-teacher During Teaching Practice, In I.A Idowu, A.S Olorundare, S.O Daramoa and O.O Obiyemi (eds), A Guide to Teaching Practice; Ilorin: Haytee Publishing Co.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Olawpo, J.A. (2009).Geography Education Aims and Objectives of Senior Secondary Schools Geography, In Jekayinfa A.A and Olawepo J.A, Fundamentals of Subject Methodologies; Ilorin: Oaenoch Publishers<br \/>\r\n[25]. United Nations Children Education Fund (UNICEF, 2012). @www.unicef.org\/Nigeria\/children<br \/>\r\n[26]. WAEC Syllabus (2012). A Correlation Analysis of Students\u2019 Achievements in WAEC and NECO in Geography<br \/>\r\n[27]. Www.aag.org\/\/geographiclearning<br \/>\r\n[28]. Www.education.gov.uk\/get-into-teaching<br \/>\r\n[29]. Www.londonearnery.ac.uk\/e-learning<br \/>\r\n[30]. Www.geographiclearning.com<br \/>\r\n[31]. Www.medwelljournals.com\/\/fulltext\/%3<br \/>\r\n[32]. Www.projectmaterial.com\/project<br \/>\r\n[33]. Www.publishyourarticle.net\/knowledge<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">AUN Thompson Toryuha, ADAGA Herbert Inongun, AJALA Toluwanimi McDaniel, ODUNAYO Daniel and ADAAKU Judith Mbakeren &#8220;Challenges against Effective Teaching and Learning of Geography in Senior Secondary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp. 77-83 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/77-83.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/77-83.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" 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Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5c829 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a5c829\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5cf47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5cf47\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5d08e\" data-id=\"0a5d08e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5d1ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5d1ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5d5b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5d5b8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5d716\" data-id=\"0a5d716\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5d82b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5d82b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5d8fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5d8fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5da96\" data-id=\"0a5da96\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5dbe6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5dbe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5dc93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5dc93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5de3b\" data-id=\"0a5de3b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5df64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5df64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Investigating the Utilization of ICT and Its Applications in Teaching Computer Studies in Secondary Schools in Niger State Educational Zone<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Adamu, Zubairu Evuti, Fati Ali &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 84-89<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5e00a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5e00a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5e18d\" data-id=\"0a5e18d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5e2c2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a5e2c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The researchers investigated the factors militating against utilization of Computer Hardware and internet applications in teaching computer study in Secondary Schools. The study was carried out in Minna Municipal Chanchaga L.G.A. in Niger State. Four, researcher questions and one hypothesis to guided the study. The design adopted for the study was descriptive survey. Total samples of 240 respondents were drawn from the three selected schools. A researcher structured questionnaire was used as the instrument. The instrument was validated and reliability ensured mean score and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The data analyzed were presented in tabular form based on each research question and the hypothesis. The findings of the study among others were; that computer teachers in Secondary school do not utilize computer hardware and internet applications in their lessons; that teachers lack the required skills to operate these ICT resources, secondary schools lack the necessary infrastructures required for utilization of the ICT resources and applications. Based on these findings\u2019recommendations were made, among which is that, compulsory computer learning should be organized for teachers in Secondary schools by the government while their subsequent promotions should be tagged on the knowledge and certificate of such training.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 84-89\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adamu, Zubairu Evuti<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Educational Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fati Ali<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Educational Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdeyanju, I.J. (2017),\tTeacher communication and educational technology for sustainable National Development:Journal of Nigeria Association of educational media and Technology 1 (2) 88-96<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAribogu, S. O (2009)\tComputer applications and operational. A functional approach. Awka: Optimum press<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAyo Ola, I.M (2007)\tRelevance of schools\u2019 management capability of an \tinnovation: A case study of secondary school computer \teducation in Nigeria.Journal of educational Media and Technology 4 (1) 503-510<br \/>\r\n[4].\tDuru, V.N (2008) Revitalizing science education through collaborative learning approach (CLA) using the ICT network (Internet), challenges for the 21st century in Nigeria, M.fed multidisciplinary journals of research \tdevelopment. Benue: National Association of Research Development (NARD) 10, 1, 91-99.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tDuru, V.N (2010) Application of ICT Resources in Teaching and learning integrated science Acquisition of knowledge and life copy skill. In Azikiwe, U.(Ed) Multidisciplinary journal of academic excellence 3(2) 1-11<br \/>\r\n[6].\tE-Media (2008) Integration of ICT into the Teaching and learning process: Towards a unified Model Baican\t@bacettepe.edu. triumeu@2005<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFederal republic of Nigeria (2004) National policy on educational (revised) Lagos: NERDC press.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFrench, C.S. (2001), computer science Bathimore.Bathimore press<br \/>\r\n[9].\tToomey, E. (2001)\tNational informationand communication infrastructure policy information, Ibadan: wisdom publication ltd<br \/>\r\n[10].\tUNESCO (2004) Does using ICT have a positive impact on educational? UNESCO Bangkok ICT in educational e- newsletter February 9 2004<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adamu, Zubairu Evuti, Fati Ali &#8220;Investigating the Utilization of ICT and Its Applications in Teaching Computer Studies in Secondary Schools in Niger State Educational Zone&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.84-89 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/84-89.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/84-89.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigating-the-utilization-of-ict-and-its-applications-in-teaching-computer-studies-in-secondary-schools-in-niger-state-educational-zone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Investigating the Utilization of ICT and Its Applications in Teaching Computer Studies in Secondary Schools in Niger State Educational Zone<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f146 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a5f146\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f23b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5f23b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f3c9\" data-id=\"0a5f3c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f4f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5f4f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f59e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5f59e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f708\" data-id=\"0a5f708\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f81c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5f81c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5f8c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5f8c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5fa19\" data-id=\"0a5fa19\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5fb41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5fb41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5fbe9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5fbe9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a5fd50\" data-id=\"0a5fd50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a5fe5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a5fe5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a5ff08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a5ff08\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6006e\" data-id=\"0a6006e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a60180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a60180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6021f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6021f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a60368\" data-id=\"0a60368\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a60478 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a60478\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a60518 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a60518\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6065c\" data-id=\"0a6065c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6075f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6075f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a60802 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a60802\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6096d\" data-id=\"0a6096d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a60a80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a60a80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Workplace Envy and Turnover Intention among Employees of National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ibukun O. Kolawole, Tinuke M. Fapounda, Adekunle E. Ibironke &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 90-95<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a60b1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a60b1d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a60c91\" data-id=\"0a60c91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a60dd0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a60dd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the relationship between organisational envy and turnover intention among employees of National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, Lagos State. The study adopted the descriptive survey design using the census sampling technique. 103 responses from the 116 administered instruments were found valid and used for final analyses. Two hypotheses were stated and tested at 0.05 level of significance using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient.  The results show that there is significant relationship between malicious acts and turnover intention. Also, it was revealed that being envy is significantly related to turnover intention. Based on this, the study concluded that in creating a healthy organisation, management of National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria should reduce the negative consequences of envy. Thus, the study recommends that a display of emotional intelligence in workplaces and effective communication should be instituted for educating employees of the effects and consequences on envy among organisation members.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 90-95\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibukun O. Kolawole<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tinuke M. Fapounda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adekunle E. Ibironke<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tFrey, B. &#038; Peus, L. (2015) \u201cThe role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions\u201d American Psychologist 56 (3) 218-226<br \/>\r\n[2].\tErdil, O.&#038; M\u00fcceldili, B. (2014), The effects of envy on job engagement and turnover intention. Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 150, 447\u2013454.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tThompson, G.; Glas\u00f8, L. &#038;  Martinsen, O. (2016), Antecedents and Consequences of Envy. Journal of Social Psychology. 156, 139\u2013153.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tDogan, K. &#038; Vecchio, R.P. (2001), Managing envy and jealousy in the workplace. Compensation Benefit. Review. 33, 57\u201364.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAgba, M.S. (2018), Interpersonal relationships and organisational performance:  The Nigerian public sector in perspective, Indian Journal of Commerce &#038; Management Studies, 9(8) 25-39<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBarclay, L. J., Skarlicki D.P. &#038;  Pugh S. D. (2005) \u201cExploring the role of emotions in injustice perceptions and retaliation\u201d Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 629\u2013643<br \/>\r\n[7].\t Tett, R. P., &#038; Meyer, J. P. (2013). Job satisfaction, organisational commitment, turnover intention: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46,259\u2013293.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDuffy, M. K., (2012) \u201cA social context of envy and social undermining\u201d Academy of Management Journal 35(3), 643-666<br \/>\r\n[9].\tVecchio, R. P. (2000) Negative emotion in the workplace: employee jealously and envy. International Journal of Stress Management 7(3)<br \/>\r\n[10].\tGino, F., &#038; Pierce, L. (2010). Lying to level the playing field: Why people may dishonestly help or hurt others to create equity. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(S1): 89\u2013103.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tTai, K., Narayanan,  J., &#038; McAllister, D. J. (2012) Envy as Pain: Rethinking the nature of envy and its implictions for employees and organisations. Academy of Management Review 37 (1),107-129<br \/>\r\n[12].\tGephart, J. K., Detert, J. R., Trevino, L.K. &#038; Edmonson, A. C. (2009) Silenced by fear: The nature, sources and consequences of fear at work, Research in Organisational Behaviour 29 163\u2013193<br \/>\r\n[13].\tCharash, C. Y. &#038; Mueller, J. S. (2007) \u201cDoes perceived unfairness exacerbate or itigate interpersonal counterproductive work behaviours related to envy?\u201d Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 666\u2013680<br \/>\r\n[14].\tVan de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., &#038; Pieters, R. (2009)  Leveling up and down: The experiences of benign and malicious envy.\u201d Emotion 9,:419-429<br \/>\r\n[15].\tSmith, R. H., Parrott, G. Diener, E. ,Hoyle, R. H. &#038; Kim, S.H. (2009) Dispositional envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25<br \/>\r\n[16].\tDuffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J., &#038; Aquino, K. (2012). A social context model of envy and social undermining. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 643-666. doi:10.5465\/amj.2009.0804<br \/>\r\n[17].\tBergheim, K., Nielsen, M. B., Mearns, K., &#038; Eid, J. (2015). The relationship between psychological capital, job satisfaction, and safety perceptions in the maritime industry. Safety Science, 74, 27\u201336.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tAzadeh, A., &#038; Mousavi Ahranjani, P. (2014). The impact of job security, satisfaction and stress on performance assessment and optimization of generation companies. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 3(2), 343\u2013348.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tAntonaki, X. E., &#038; Trivellas, P. (2014). Psychological contract breach and organizational commitment in the Greek banking sector: The mediation effect of job satisfaction. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 354\u2013361.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tAbol, A\u2019laei, J., (2015) \u201cOrganisational emotional capability, product and process innovation, and firm performance: An empirical analysis. J. Eng. Technol. Manage. (26) 103\u2013130<br \/>\r\n[21].\tVidaillet, B. (2006). Les ravages de l\u2019envie an travail. Paris: Editions d\u2019Organisation Eyrolles.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tTlieirry, H. (2001). The reflection theory on compensation. In M. Erez, U. Kleinbeck, &#038; H. Thierry, H. (Eds.), Work motivation in the context ofa globalizing economy (pp. 149-166). -Hove, England: Psychology Press<br \/>\r\n[23].\tWesthues, K. (2004). A-(lllll.IZI:Sl7&#8242;(I.ll&#8217;V\u20ac mobbing at the University of Toronto: The trial, degradation and dismissal of a professor during the presidency of J. Robert S. Pricliard. Queenston, Ontario, Canada: Edwin Mellen.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tWesthues,. K. (2006). The envy of excellence: Administrating mobbing of high achieving professors. New York: Edwin Mellen.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tSchaubroeck, J . M. &#038; Lain, S.&#8217;S.K. (2004). Comparing lots before and after: Promotion rejectees invidious reactions to promotees. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 94, 33-47<br \/>\r\n[26].\t Festinger, L. (1945). Wish, expectation, and group standards as factors influencing level of aspiration. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 37(2): 184\u2013200.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tL\u0131ndebaum, D. &#038; Jordan, P. J. (2012) \u201cPositive emotions, negative emotions, or utility of discrete emotions?\u201d Journal of Organisational Behaviour. 33, 1027\u20131030<br \/>\r\n[28].\tStranks, T. G. (2005) Employee Engagement and Well-Being: A Moderation Model and Implications for Practice. Journal of Leadership &#038; Organisational Studies 21: 43<br \/>\r\n[29].\tVaziri, W., Shirzadi B,. &#038; Esfahani, T, (2010). Positive organisational behaviour: Engeged employees in flourishing organisations.  Journal of Organisational Behaviour 29, 147\u2013154<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ibukun O. Kolawole, Tinuke M. Fapounda, Adekunle E. Ibironke &#8220;Workplace Envy and Turnover Intention among Employees of National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.90-95 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/90-95.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/90-95.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/study-on-smart-marketing-strategies-using-effective-social-media\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Workplace Envy and Turnover Intention among Employees of National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a61ba2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a61ba2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a61cc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a61cc1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a61e7a\" data-id=\"0a61e7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a61fae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a61fae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a62052 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a62052\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a621ad\" data-id=\"0a621ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a622b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a622b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6235d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6235d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a624d2\" data-id=\"0a624d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a625e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a625e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a62683 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a62683\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a627dc\" data-id=\"0a627dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a628f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a628f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6298e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6298e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a62ad2\" data-id=\"0a62ad2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a62bdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a62bdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a62c7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a62c7f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a62dc1\" data-id=\"0a62dc1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a62ec6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a62ec6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a62f6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a62f6e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a630bf\" data-id=\"0a630bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a631c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a631c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a63260 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a63260\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a63404\" data-id=\"0a63404\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a63522 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a63522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Nuclear Weapons Nonproliferation Regime on the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Wanogho, Mamefe David, Alapiki, Henry &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 96-105<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a635d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a635d6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6374a\" data-id=\"0a6374a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6387d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a6387d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1085\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1085\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1081\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper focused on the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime and Nuclear Weapons Management in the Post-Cold War Era. The study was undertaken against the backdrop of subsisting nuclear proliferation issues, in spite of the existence of the nonproliferation regime. The paper aimed to present, analyze, and evaluate the nuclear non-proliferation regime of the post-Cold War era. The goal is to demonstrate whether this non-proliferation regime is not quite the same as what subsisted in the cold War time and to decide if it sufficiently addresses the multiplication of atomic weapons in the post-Cold War period, among other explicit targets. The paper sought to answer whether there is a difference between the global nuclear weapons non-proliferation regime of the Cold War era and the post-Cold War period, and whether there are conflicts between states around the acquisition of nuclear weapons. This work relied on secondary data and utilized a data matrix table to aid data collection. The study discovered that there was no distinction in the nonproliferation regime of the Cold War and the post-Cold War period.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 96-105\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1082\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wanogho, Mamefe David<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political &#038; Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alapiki, Henry<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political &#038; Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1083\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1083\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAl Jazeera Media Network. (2017). North Korea conducts most powerful nuclear test yet. Retrieved January 3, 2018 from: http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2017\/09\/north-korea-confirms-sixth-nuclear-test-170903060221933.html<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBaylis, J., Smith, S., and Owens, P. (2011). The globalisation of world politics: An introduction to international relations (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tCochran, T.B. and Norris, R.S. (n.d.) Nuclear weapon. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved December 18, 2017, from: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/nuclear-weapon#accordion-article-history<br \/>\r\n[4].\tFederation of American Scientists. (2018). Status of World Nuclear Forces 2018. Retrieved March 2018 from: https:\/\/fas.org<br \/>\r\n[5].\tFischer, D. (1997). Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons: The Past and the Prospects. London: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tInternational Panel on Fissile Material. (2011). Global Fissile Material Report: 2011: Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production. Retrieved June 6, 2019 from: www.fissilematerials.org.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tJames Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. (2017). International Atomic Energy Agency: An Overview. Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes. Retrieved January 14, 2018 from: https:\/\/www.nti.org\/media\/documents\/iaea_overview.pdf<br \/>\r\n[8].\tLavrov, S. (2018). Russia Doesn\u2019t Plan to Join Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Sputnik News. Retrieved January 20, 2018 from: www.sputniknews.com<br \/>\r\n[9].\tMingst, K.A. (2004). Essentials of international relations. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tObama, B. (2009). Remarks by President Barack Obama. The White House Office of the Press Secretary. Retrieved December 15 2017 from:  www.whitehouse.gov<br \/>\r\n[11].\tPutin, V. (2018). Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly. 1 March 2018. Accessed at: https:\/\/en.kremlin.ru.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tRourke, T.J., (2009). International politics on the world stage (12th ed.). New York: The McGrawhill Companies.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tShah, V. (2010). The role of nuclear weapons in global security. Retrieved December 1, 2017 from: http:\/\/thoughteconomics.plogspot.com\/2010\/11\/role-of-nuclear-weapons-in-global.html<br \/>\r\n[14].\tThe Bomb: From Hiroshima to&#8230; (1965) Newsweek, August 9: 53.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tTrump, D. (2018). Full text of president trump\u2019s first state of the union address. Retrieved February 2, 2018 from: https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/2018-state-of-the-union-address-trump-transcript-full-text\/<br \/>\r\n[16].\tUnited Nations 70th Anniversary. (2015). United Nations, New York. Retrieved November 2, 2017 from: http:\/\/www.un.org\/un70\/en\/content\/70ways<br \/>\r\n[17].\tUnited Nations. (2016). Taking Forward Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament Negotiations. United Nations General Assembly Agenda Item A\/C.1\/71\/L.41, 14 October 2016. Retrieved February 2018 from: www.un.org<br \/>\r\n[18].\tUnited Nations. (2017). Taking Forward Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament Negotiations,&#8221; United Nations General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/71\/258, 23 December 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018 from: www.un.org<br \/>\r\n[19].\tUnited Nations. (n.d.) UN Conference Adopts Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons. Retrieved December 17, 2018 from: www.un.org<br \/>\r\n[20].\tWalt, S.M. (2018). The world doesn\u2019t need any more nuclear strategies. Retrieved February 6, 2018 from: http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2018\/02\/06\/the-world-doesnt-need-any-more-nuclear-strategies\/<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1084\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1084\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wanogho, Mamefe David, Alapiki, Henry &#8220;Impact of Nuclear Weapons Nonproliferation Regime on the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.96-105 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/96-105.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1086\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1086\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-nuclear-weapons-nonproliferation-regime-on-the-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Nuclear Weapons Nonproliferation Regime on the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a64721 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a64cae\" data-id=\"0a64cae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a64db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a64db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a64e5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a64e5b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a64faf\" data-id=\"0a64faf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a650bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a650bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a65157 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a65157\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a652a5\" data-id=\"0a652a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a653b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a653b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6544c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6544c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6558f\" data-id=\"0a6558f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6569d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6569d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a65741 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a65741\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a658ca\" data-id=\"0a658ca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a659e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a659e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a65a86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a65a86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a65bf0\" data-id=\"0a65bf0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a65cf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a65cf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Soft Computing Techniques in Various Areas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Shreyans Chhazed, Sanjeev Sipani &#8211; June 2020 Page No.: 106-110<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a65d8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a65d8d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a65f04\" data-id=\"0a65f04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a66029 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a66029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Soft computing is a study of the science of logic, thinking, analysis and research that combines real-world problems with biologically inspired methods. Soft computing is the main motivation behind the idea of conceptual intelligence in machines. As such, it is an extension of heuristics and the resolution of complex problems that are very difficult to model mathematically. Smooth computing tolerates printing; uncertainty and approximation that differ from manual calculation. Soft Computing enumerates techniques like ANN, Evolutionary computing, Fuzzy Logic and statistics, they are advantageous and separately applied techniques which are used together to solve problems which are complex, very easily. This article highlights the various soft computing ting techniques and emerging areas of soft computing ting where they have been successfully implemented.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 106-110\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Shreyans Chhazed<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nIT Student in Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sanjeev Sipani<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor in Civil Engineering Department, Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tL. A. Zadeh, \u201cFuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Soft Computing,\u201d Communication of the ACM, Vol. 37, Issue.3, pp. 77-84, 1994.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tR.  A.  Aliev,  B. Fazlollahi  and  R.  R.  Aliev,  \u201cSoft  Computing  and  its Applications  in  Business  Economics,\u201d Springer, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tS.  N.  Sivanandam  and  S.  N.  Deepa,  \u201cPrinciples  of Soft  Computing-2nd Edition,\u201d  Wiley-India, New Delhi, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tA. Fujino, T. Tobita, K. Segawa, K. Yoneda, and A. Togawa, \u201cAn Elevator Group Control System with Floor-Attribute Control Method and System Optimization using Genetic Algorithm,\u201d IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol.44, pp. 546\u2013552, 1997.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tL. A. Zadeh, \u201cFuzzy Logic,\u201d IEEE Computer, pp. 83-89, 1998.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tO.  Cordon,  R.  Alcala,  J.  A.  Fernandez  and  I.  Rojas,  \u201cGenetic  Fuzzy  Systems:  Introduction to the Special Section,\u201d IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Systems, Vol.15, Issue.4, pp. 533-535, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tD.  B.  Fogel,  \u201cEvolutionary  Computation\u2014Toward  a  New  Philosophy  of  Machine  Intelligence,\u201d Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2000.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tR. L. Haupt and S. E. Haupt, \u201cPractical Genetic Algorithms-2nd Edition,\u201d Wiley, NJ, USA, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tG. R. Gindi, C. J. Darken,  K.  M. O&#8217;  Brien,  L. M. Sterz  and  I. L. Deckelbaum,  \u201cNeural  Network and Conventional  Classifiers  for  Fluorescence-Guided  Laser  Angioplasty,\u201d  IEEE  Transactions  on Biomedical Engineering, Vol.38, Issue.3, pp. 246-252, 1991.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tR.  K.  Ghosh  and  P.  Mitra,  \u201cSoft Computing  in  Wireless  Mobile  Networks,\u201d www.iitk.ac.in\/directions\/feb2006\/PRINT~RATAN.pdf, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tA. Nogueira,  P.  Salvador  and  R.  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Dai (1997), \u201cApplication of fuzzy logic in home appliance: Gas heater controller design,\u201d in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Intelligent Processing Systems, pp373\u2013376.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tC. E. Cramer and E. Gelenbe (2000), \u201cVideo quality and traffic QoS in learning-based sub-sampled and receiver-interpolated video sequences,\u201d IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., 18, pp150\u2013167.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tJ. M. Jou and P.-Y. Chen (1999), \u201cA fast and efficient lossless data-compression method,\u201d IEEE Trans. Commun., 47, pp1278\u20131283.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tMar J., Yow-Cheng Yeh, I-Fan Hsiao (2010), &#8220;An ANFIS-IDS against deauthentication DOS attacks for a WLAN,&#8221; Int&#8217;l Symp. On Information Theory and its app. pp 548-553.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tP. Z. Grabowski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, B. K. Bose, and F. Blaabjerg (2000), \u201cA simple direct-torque neuro-fuzzy control of PWM-inverter-fed induction motor drive,\u201d IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 47, pp  863\u2013 870.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shreyans Chhazed, Sanjeev Sipani &#8220;Soft Computing Techniques in Various Areas&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.106-110 June 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/106-110.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6778f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6778f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a67827 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a67827\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a67975\" data-id=\"0a67975\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a67a83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a67a83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a67b1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a67b1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a67c59\" data-id=\"0a67c59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a67d67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a67d67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a67e01 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a67e01\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a67f60\" data-id=\"0a67f60\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6806b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6806b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Study of Coprecipitation of Heavy Organics from Crude Oil<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Enyindah Lawrence, Okah Reminus &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 111-112<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6810f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6810f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a68288\" data-id=\"0a68288\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a683d0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a683d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Heavy organics exist in crude oil mixtures in various proportions. The separation of these four organics into four popular fractions; Saturates, Aromatics, Resins and Asphaltenes commonly referred to as SARA has been highlighted. Coprecipitation of heavy organics can occur due to the variation of factors such as temperature, pressure and composition in the oil fields. Such occurrence has been recognized to be the most problematic in the oil industries as it causes the plugging of pipelines and reservoirs, fouling of production facilities and poisoning of refinery catalysts. The role of solvent precipitation as a solution technique to heavy organic coprecipitation and deposition has been highlighted. A modified version of ASTM D6560 laboratory test method has been described for small scale coprecipitation of heavy organics. Usage of n-pentane (C<sub>5<\/sub>), n-octane (C<sub>8<\/sub>) , and n-dodecane (C<sub>12<\/sub>) as precipitating solvents showed that C<sub>5<\/sub>, C<sub>8<\/sub>, and C<sub>12<\/sub> n-alkane solvents gave percentage precipitate yields of 9.11, 3.24 and1.28 respectively. The results showed that the quantity of precipitates decreased as the carbon number of the n-alkane solvents increased.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 111-112\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 June 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Enyindah Lawrence<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic  Rumuola, Port-Harcourt, Rivers-State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okah Reminus<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic  Rumuola, Port-Harcourt, Rivers-State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbedi, S.J; Seyfaie, S and  Shaw, J. M (1998)  Unusual  Retrograde  Condensation  and Asphalthene             Precipitation in a model heavy oil system. J. Pet, Sci, Technol, Vol.16, \u00be,pp. 209-261.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAcevedo, S., Rannaud, M.A, Escobar, G., Guiterrez U AND Ortega, P. (1995). Adsorption of asphlatenes and resins in organic and inorganic substrates and their correlation with precipitation problems in production well turbing, fuel vol. 74  555-98.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAndersen, S.I (1994). Dissolution of solid boscanasphalthenes in mixed solvents, fuel sci, technol, mt. p. 12.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBecker, J.R (1997) Crude oil Waxes, Emulsions and Asphalthenes. Pennwell Books.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tChung F., Sarthi, P and Jones, R. (1991) Modelling of asphalthene and wax precipitation. Topical report nipper-498,U.S . Department of energy.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tLeontaritis , K.J (1996). The asphaltenes and wax deposition envelopes. Fuel Sci, Technol. Mt, 14.13<br \/>\r\n[7].\tKawanaka, S, Park, S.J and Mansoori, G.A. (1991) organic deposition from reservoir fluids, SPE reservoir engineering  journal, pp 185-192.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKokal, S.U. and Sayeigh S.G (1995) asphalthenes; the cholesterol of petroleum, SPE 29787 presented at the SPE middle oil show, Bharain, pp11-14<br \/>\r\n[9].\tMaclean J.P,  and Kilpatrick, P (1999). Comparison of precipitation and extrography in the fractionation of crude oil residue. Energy and fuels 11;570-583.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tMansoori, G.A (2007). Diamondoid  Molecules, in advances in chemical physics. 136. Pp 207-258.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tVasquez, G and Mansoori, G.A (2000). Identification and measurement of petroleum precipitates . J. pet. Sci. Eng. 26; pp 49-56.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Enyindah Lawrence, Okah Reminus &#8220;The Study of Coprecipitation of Heavy Organics from Crude Oil&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.111-112 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/111-112.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/111-112.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-study-of-coprecipitation-of-heavy-organics-from-crude-oil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Study of Coprecipitation of Heavy Organics from Crude Oil<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a691ea elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a691ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a692ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a692ba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6943a\" data-id=\"0a6943a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a69562 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a69562\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a69610 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a69610\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a697ac\" data-id=\"0a697ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a698d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a698d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Visitor Navigation Pattern Prediction Using Transition Matrix Compression<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ei Theint Theint Thu, Aye Aye Nyein, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 113-116<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6997b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6997b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a69b03\" data-id=\"0a69b03\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a69c30 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a69c30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"> As an increasing number of cities consists of an increasing number of visiting places, it is more difficult for the visitors to consider. Meanwhile, the system tries to introduce recommendation features to their visitors. The main aim of this paper is to only implement visitor navigation pattern prediction system in Myanmar. The paper uses traveling paths that assist visitors to navigate the visiting places based on the past visitor\u2019s behavior. To cluster the paths with similar transition behavior and compress the transition matrix to an best size for efficient probability calculation in paths, transition probability matrix compression has been used. In this paper, Visitor Navigation Pattern Prediction Using Transition Matrix Compression is developed. It uses data mining techniques for recommending a visitor which (next)paths is closely the most popular paths in Myanmar. By looking at the traveling paths in the organization, the system can know the popular paths(places).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 113-116\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ei Theint Theint Thu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Information Science,University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aye Aye Nyein <\/strong><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Information Science,University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin<\/strong><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Information Science,University of Computer Studies, Hinthada, Myanmar<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tJianhan Zhu, Jun Hong, and John G. Hughes. \u201cUsing Markov Chains for Link Prediction in Adaptive Web Sites\u201d, pp.60-73.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tYu Ya Win, \u201cPrefetching Based On Web User Clustering\u201d, PhD thesis, University of Computer Studies, Yangon.<br \/>\r\n[3].\thttps:\/\/www.Guru99.com<br \/>\r\n[4].\thttps:\/\/www.wikipedia.org.com<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ei Theint Theint Thu, Aye Aye Nyein, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin &#8220;Visitor Navigation Pattern Prediction Using Transition Matrix Compression&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.113-116 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/113-116.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/113-116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/visitor-navigation-pattern-prediction-using-transition-matrix-compression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Visitor Navigation Pattern Prediction Using Transition Matrix Compression<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6a9f5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a6a9f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6aabd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6aabd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6ac39\" data-id=\"0a6ac39\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6ad5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6ad5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6ae02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6ae02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6af66\" data-id=\"0a6af66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6b07d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6b07d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Bioactivity of Endophytes from <em>Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia<\/em> and <em>Sesbania sesban <\/em>Against <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis<\/em><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>William Omuketi Emitaro, David Mutisya Musyimi, George Timothy Opande &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 117-121<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6b122 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6b122\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6b2a4\" data-id=\"0a6b2a4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6b3de elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a6b3de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Endophytes are microorganisms that accomplish parts of their life cycle within living host tissues without causing apparent damage to the plants. Endophytes confer survival advantage to the plant as they play a role in plant resistance to diseases. <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis <\/em>is a fungus that causes grey leaf spot disease of maize and is responsible for over 60%yield loss. Current chemical methods for control of the disease have adverse effects on human health and environment. Little is known on the potential of endophytes of <em>Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia<\/em> and <em>Sesbania sesban <\/em>as biological control of <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis<\/em>. The objective of this study was to investigate the antagonistic potential of bacterial and fungal endophytes of the three plants against <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis. <\/em>A total of 75 endophytes were isolated from the three plant species based on morphological differences on PDA and NA media. Fungal and bacterial isolates were coded based on the plant part and plant species of origin such as <em>FLC &#8211;<\/em> for fungi isolated from the leaf of <em>Calliandra calothyrsus, BLL-<\/em>bacteria isolated from leaf of<em> Leucaena diversifolia<\/em> and <em>BRS &#8211;<\/em> for bacteria isolated from the root of <em>Sesbania sesban<\/em>. Thirty-three fungal and forty-two bacterial isolates were tested for antagonistic activity against <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis <\/em>by dual culture technique. Eleven fungal and twenty-four bacterial endophytes exhibited antagonistic activity against the pathogen<em>. <\/em>There were significant (p\u2264 0.05) antagonistic activity among fungal and bacterial isolates against the pathogen. The highest inhibitory effects among the fungal isolates included <em>FSC5<\/em> at 40%, <em>FSC1<\/em>at 37% and <em>FSL3<\/em> at 30% respectively. The highest bacterial isolates activity was 72% for <em>BLS3<\/em>, 65 % for <em>BRL2<\/em>, 64 % for <em>BRSI<\/em> and60 %for <em>BLC4<\/em>.It is recommended that the endophytes from the three plants could serve as potential candidates for control of <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis<\/em>. Future studies should investigate on the bioactive molecules produced by these microorganisms<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 117-121\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>William Omuketi Emitaro<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biological Sciences, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology P.O. BOX 210 \u2013 40601, Bondo, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>David Mutisya Musyimi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Botany, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, Private bag, Maseno, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>George Timothy Opande<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biological &#038; Agricultural Sciences, School of Science, Kaimosi friends University College, P.O BOX 385 &#8211; 50309, Kaimosi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1].\tAbdennabi R., Triki M.L., Salah R.B. and\t Gharsallah N.  (2017).\tAntifungal Activity\t of Endophytic Fungi\t Isolated from Date\t Palm Sap (Phoenix dactylifera L.).Ecronicon Microbiology,13(4):123-131.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdam E., Houtao D., John O., Elfatih M.\t A. and Onisimo M. (2017). Detecting the\t Early Stage of Phaeosphaeria Leaf Spot Infestations in Maize Crop Using In Situ Hyperspectral Data and Guided Regularized Random Forest Algorithm. Journal of Spectroscopy, 17:1-8.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAnyasi R.O. and Atagana H.I (2019). Endophyte: Understanding the Microbes and its \tApplications. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 22 (4): 154-167.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBamisile B.S., Dash C.K., Akutse K.S., Keppanan R. and Wang L. (2018). Fungal Endophytes: Beyond Herbivore Management. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9:544.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBekeko Z., Fininsa C., Hussien S., Hussien T., Wegari D. and Asalf B. (2018). Resistance of Some Selected maize Genotypesto Gray Leaf spot Disease (Cercospora\tzeae-maydis) in\t Ethiopia.Journal of Genetic and Environmental Resources Conservation, \t86(1):1-13.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBisht R., Sharma D. and Agrawal P.K. (2016). Antagonistic and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Needle of Cupressus torulosa D.Don. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and  Clinical  Research,  9(3): 282-288.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBrunda K.S., Shamarao J. and Kambrekar D.N. (2018).Antagonistic Activity of Bacterial Endophytes Against Major Soilborne Pathogens of Soybean. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(6): 43-46.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tCo\u00ealho M. M., Ferreira-Nozawa M. S., Nozawa S. R. and Santos A. L. W. (2011). \tIsolation of Endophytic Bacteria from Arboreal species of the Amazon and Identification\tby Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Encoding Gene. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 34,(4): 676-680.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tDashyal M.S., Sangeetha C.G,. Appanna V., Halesh G.K. and Devappa V. (2019). \tIsolation and Morphological Characterization of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ten Different Varieties of Mango. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences , 8(3): 717-726.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tDhami N.B., Kim S.K., Paudel A., Shrestha J. and Rjal T.R. (2015). A review on Threat \tof Gray Leaf spot Disease of Maize in Asia. Journal of Maize Research and Development, 1(1):71-85.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tDuan X, Fangfang X., Dan Q., Tiancong G., Weiyun S., Shihao Z., Baohong Y., Yajun P.and Jinyan D. (2019).  Diversity and Bioactivities of Fungal Endophytes from Distylium \t hinense, a rare Waterlogging Tolerant Plant Endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir.\t BioMed Central Microbiology, 19: 278.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tEl-Deeb B., Fayez K. and Gherbawy Y. (2013). Isolation and Characterization of \tEndophytic Bacteria from Plectranthus tenuiflorus Medicinal Plant in Saudi Arabia \tDesert and their Antimicrobial Activities. Journal of Plant Interactions, 8, (1): 56-64.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tJia M., Chen L., Xin H-L., Zheng C-J., Rahman K., Han T. and Qin L-P. (2016). A \tFriendly Relationship between Endophytic Fungi and Medicinal Plants: A Systematic\t Review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7:906.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tKatoch M., Shipra P., Shagun V. and Shashank S. (2017). Diversity, Phylogeny,\t  Anticancer and Antimicrobial Potential of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Monarda citriodora L. BioMed Central Microbiology, 17:44.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tKhare E., Mishra J. and Arora N.K. (2018). Multifaceted Interactions Between \tEndophytes and Plant: Developments and Prospects. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9:2732<br \/>\r\n[16].\tLatz M. A.C., Jensen B., David B. C. and Hans J.L. J. (2018).  Endophytic Fungi as Biocontrol agents: Elucidating Mechanisms in Disease Suppression. Plant Ecology and\tDiversity, 11(5-6): 555-567.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tLi J-L., Sun X., Zheng Y., L\u00fc P-P., Wang Y-L., Guo L-D. (2020). Diversity and Community of Culturable Endophytic Fungi from Stems and Roots of Desert Halophytes\t in Northwest China. MycoKeys 62: 75\u201395.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tMahadevamurthy M., Puttaswamy H., Channappa T. M., Sidappa M., Madegowda P., \tChikkamanchegowda J.S and\t Nagaraj A.K. (2016). Antibacterial Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa L. Journal of \tApplied Pharmaceutical Science, 6(10): 216-221.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tMohamad O.A.A., Li L., Ma J.B., Hatab S., Xu L., Guo J.W.,\t Rasulov B.A., Liu Y.H., Hedlund B.P. and Li W.J. (2018). Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic \tBacterial Populations from Chinese Traditional Medicinal Plant \tLicorice and Characterization of the Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus atrophaeus Against \tVerticillium dahliae. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9:924.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tNega A., Lemessa F. and Berecha G. (2016).  Morphological Characterization of \tCercospora Zeae-Maydis (Tehon and\t Daniels) Isolates in Southern and Southwestern  Ethiopia. Scientia Agriculturae. 15(2): 2016: 348-355.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tNiem J.M., Billones-Baaijens R., Stodart B. and Savocchia S.\t (2020). Diversity Pro\ufb01ling \tof Grapevine Microbial Endosphere and Antagonistic Potential of Endophytic Pseudomonas  Against Grapevine Trunk Diseases. Frontiers in\t Microbiology, 11:477.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tOrole O.O and Adejumo T.O. (2009). Activity of Fungal\t Endophytes Against Four Maize\t WiltPathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(12): 969-973.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tPawthong P., Thongmee A. and Suntornthiticharoen P. (2013).\t Antioxidant and \tAntimicrobial Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Sesbania grandiflora (L.) pers. International Journal of Phytomedicine 5(1): 102-107.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tSouzane A.S., Xavier A.A., Costa M.R. and Cardoso A.M.S (2013). Endophytic Bacterial \tDiversity in Banana \u2018Prata An\u00e3\u2019 (Musa spp.) Roots. Genetics and Molecular Biology, \t36(2): 252-264.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tSuman A., Ajar N.Y.and Priyanka V. (2011).Endophytic Microbes in Crops: Diversity\tand Bene\ufb01 cial Impact for Sustainable Agriculture. Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity, Vol.1, Research Perspectives.\t Edition: Ist Chapter: 7Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany\t Editors: D. P. Singh, P. C. Abhilash, Ratna P.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tTeimoori-Boghsani Y., Ganjeali A., Cernava T., M\u00fcller H., Asili J. and Berg G. (2020). \tEndophytic Fungi of Native \tSalvia abrotanoides Plants Reveal High Taxonomic Diversity and Unique Pro\ufb01les of Secondary Metabolites.Frontiers in Microbiology, 10:3013.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tThanh D.T.N. and  Diep C.N. (2014).  Isolation, Characterization and Identification of \tEndophytic \tBacteria in Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivated on Acrisols of the \tSoutheast of Vietnam. American Journal of Life Sciences.  2(4): \t224-233.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tYuliar S., Dyah S. and Maman R. (2017).Biodiversity of Endophytic bacteria and their Antagonistic \tActivity to Rhizoctonia solani and fusarium  oxysporium. Global \tJournal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences, 2(4): 111-118.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">William Omuketi Emitaro, David Mutisya Musyimi, George Timothy Opande &#8220;Bioactivity of Endophytes from <em>Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia<\/em> and <em>Sesbania sesban <\/em>Against <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis<\/em>&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.117-121 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/117-121.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/117-121.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/bioactivity-of-endophytes-from-calliandra-calothyrsus-leucaena-diversifolia-and-sesbania-sesban-against-cercospora-zeae-maydis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Bioactivity of Endophytes from <em>Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena diversifolia<\/em> and <em>Sesbania sesban <\/em>Against <em>Cercospora zeae-maydis<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c164 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a6c164\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c22b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6c22b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c39c\" data-id=\"0a6c39c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c4b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6c4b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c552 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6c552\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c6b9\" data-id=\"0a6c6b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c7d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6c7d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluating Flexible Pavement Rutting Damage Caused by Heavy Traffic Loads<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>David Sinkhonde, Ignasio Ngoma &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 122-128<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c87b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6c87b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6c9eb\" data-id=\"0a6c9eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6cb09 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a6cb09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research was under taken to evaluate road pavement sections experiencing serious rutting damage induced by heavy traffic vehicles and those experiencing little or no rutting damage. The research on the impact of heavy traffic loads on pavement rutting performance was conducted on HHI to Machinjiri junction (S137) road section using field investigations and surveys. The research incorporated traffic counts for heavy vehicles to confirm levels of heavy vehicle traffic on the road segment and to verify the high numbers of permits issued for truck loading. Field works on identification and quantification of pavement surface distresses by executing visual condition surveys were carried out allowing for the current pavement surface conditions to be rated using pavement condition degrees and severities. The research also utilized Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test for rapid in situ measurements of the structural properties of the existing road pavement and therefore it accommodated the evaluation of the in situ properties of the materials in all pavement layers up to the depth of penetration of 800mm. Comprehensive analyses were undertaken on the collected data to evaluate the pavement rutting performance. The utilization of DN values and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values generated from DCP test results presented a potential methodology for determining the proportion of pavement rutting deterioration attributable to heavy traffic vehicles. Identification and quantification of pavement surface distresses by executing visual condition surveys on a 200m stretch rated the pavement surface conditions as between light and warning, warning, and between warning and severe. The traffic count levels for heavy vehicles obtained for five days indicated an average of 507 heavy vehicles per day and therefore confirming high traffic loads for the road section.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 122-128\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>David Sinkhonde <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Polytechnic &#8211; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malawi <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ignasio Ngoma <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Polytechnic &#8211; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malawi <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAASHTO (1993). Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. Washington, D.C: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tEkwulo, O.E. and Eme, D.B. (2009). Fatigue and rutting analysis of flexible pavements designed using CBR methods. River State, Nigeria: University of Port Harcourt.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tGillespie, T. D., Karamihas, S. M., Cebon, D., Sayers, M. W., Nasim, M. A., Hansen, W., and Ehsan, N. (1992). Effects of Heavy Vehicle Characteristics on Pavement Response and Performance, Report UMTRI 92-2. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tHighway Manual (1973). Design \u2013 Part I:Pavement and Materials Design.Lagos, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Works.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tHuang, Y., Copenhaver, T., &#038; Hempel, P. (2013). Texas Department of Transportation 3D Transverse Profiling System for High-Speed Rut Measurement. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 19(2), 221\u2013230.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tKhodaii, A. 2014, Improving Rutting Resistance of Pavement Structures, 1(8), 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tLee, et al. (1962). Bituminous material in road construction. London, England:Her Majesty\u2019s Stationary office.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMalliack, R.B. and El-konchi,T.(1955). Pavement Engineering: Principles and Practice. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, Boca: Taylor and Francis Group.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMaree J.H. and Freeme C.R. (1981). The mechanistic design method used to evaluate the pavement structures in the catalogue of the draft TRH4, Report No. RP\/2\/81.Pretoria, South Africa: National Institute for Transport and Road Research.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tNaiel,A.K. (2002). Flexible pavement rut depth modeling for different climate zones. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tPearson, D. (2012) Deterioration and maintenance of pavements. London E14 9TP, UK: ICE Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tPinard, I.M.(2011). Performance review of design standard and technical specifications for low volume sealed roads in Malawi. Lilongwe, Malawi: Roads Authority.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tThompson, R.J. (2011).Empirical Analysis and Quantification of Existing Pavement Structural Designs.Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tVerhaeghe, B.M.J.A.,Myburgh,P.A.  and Denneman, E. (2007). Asphalt rutting and its prevention. Proceedings of 9th Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">David Sinkhonde, Ignasio Ngoma &#8220;Evaluating Flexible Pavement Rutting Damage Caused by Heavy Traffic Loads&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.122-128 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/122-128.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/122-128.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluating-flexible-pavement-rutting-damage-caused-by-heavy-traffic-loads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluating Flexible Pavement Rutting Damage Caused by Heavy Traffic Loads<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6d898 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a6d898\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6d961 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6d961\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6dada\" data-id=\"0a6dada\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6dbfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6dbfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6dc95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6dc95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6ddf7\" data-id=\"0a6ddf7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6df12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6df12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Software Effort Estimation for COCOMO-II Projects Using Artificial Neural Network<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Kiran Kumar T.M, Yashvanth Kumar K.P &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 129-132<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6dfae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6dfae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6e12b\" data-id=\"0a6e12b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6e252 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a6e252\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Software failures are mainly caused by defective projects management practices, including estimates of effort. Constant changing outlines of requirements and the technology software development make estimating efforts more complicated. Several methods are available to Estimate the effort of the soft computing-based method. The development effort needed for a project should be measured by software. It is important to estimate the construction effort required before any project is initially initiated. It is one of the greatest and most demanding tasks ever. The software cost estimate deals with a lot of uncertainty between all neural computing methods. In this paper we have used the historical COCOMO II data set projects using the artificial neural network technique to predict the effort estimation. We have used the mat lab tool for estimation. The experiment outputs suggest that the suggested model can provide better results and accurately forecast the software development effort.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 129-132\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kiran Kumar T.M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant.Professor, Dept of MCA, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yashvanth Kumar K.P<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProject Student, Dept of MCA, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tC. Lopez-Martin, Applying a general regression neural network for predicting development effort of short-scale programs, Neural Comput. Appl. 20 (2011), pp.389\u2013401.<br \/>\r\n[2].\t Krishnakumar Pillai and VS Sukumaran Nair. A model for software development effort and cost estimation. Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 23(8):pp.485-497, 1997.<br \/>\r\n[3].\t Allan J Albrecht. Measuring application development productivity. In Proceedings of the Joint SHARE\/GUIDE\/IBM Application Development Symposium, volume 10, pp. 83-92, 1979.<br \/>\r\n[4].\t IFPUG IFPUG. Function point counting practices manual, release 4.2. International Function Point Users Group, USA-IFPUG, Mequon, Wisconsin, USA, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[5].\t Barry W Boehm et al. Software engineering economics, volume 197. Prentice-hall Englewood Cliffs (NJ), 1981.<br \/>\r\n[6].\t S. Srichandan, A new approach of software effort estimation using radial basis function neural networks, Int. J. Adv. Comput.Theory Eng. 1 (2012),pp.2319\u20132526.<br \/>\r\n[7].\t Gavin R. Finnie, Gerhard E. Wittig, Jean-Marc Desharnais, A comparison of software effort estimation techniques: Using function points with neural networks, case-based reasoning and regression models, J. Syst. Softw. 39 (3) (1997) pp.281\u2013289, [Online], Available: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0164-1212(97)00055-1.63<br \/>\r\n[8].\t Heiat, A.: Comparison of artificial neural network and regression models for estimating software development effort. Journal of Information and Software Technology, 44(15), (2002), pp.911-922.<br \/>\r\n[9].\t Oliveira ALI \u201cEstimation of software project effort with support vector regression.\u201dNeuro computing, Elsevier 69(13-15), (2005),pp.1749\u20131753.<br \/>\r\n[10].\t Vinay KK, Ravi V, Carr M, Raj KN \u201cSoftware development cost estimation using wavelet neural networks\u201d. Journal of System Software, Elsevier 81, (2007), pp.1853\u20131867.<br \/>\r\n[11].\t De Barcelos Tronto, I.F., Simoes da Silva, J.D., and Sant\u2019Anna, N.: An investigation of artificial neural networks based prediction systems in software project management. Journal of Systems and Software, 81(3), (2008), pp. 356-367.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tLopez-Martin C., Isaza C., Chavoya A.: Software development effort prediction of industrial projects applying a general regression neural network. Journal of Empirical Software Engineering, 17(6), (2012), pp. 738-756. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kiran Kumar T.M, Yashvanth Kumar K.P &#8220;Software Effort Estimation for COCOMO-II Projects Using Artificial Neural Network&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.129-132 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/129-132.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/129-132.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/software-effort-estimation-for-cocomo-ii-projects-using-artificial-neural-network\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Software Effort Estimation for COCOMO-II Projects Using Artificial Neural Network<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f00e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a6f00e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f0e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6f0e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f257\" data-id=\"0a6f257\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f376 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6f376\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f415 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6f415\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f576\" data-id=\"0a6f576\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f68b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a6f68b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanolic Extracts of <em>Physalis peruviana<\/em>\u00a0 Studied on Normal and Cancerous Mammalian Cell lines<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Wesley N. Omwoyo, Dominic Menge, Antony L. Yiaile, Doreen Muchiri &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 133-141<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f726 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a6f726\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f8b0\" data-id=\"0a6f8b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a6f9e9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a6f9e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In modern era plants are widely used in pharmaceutical industry as sources of raw materials and essential ingredients for medicine. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide with high percentage of deaths occurring in developing countries. In Kenya, new cancer cases have been witnessed all over the country. The attention on diseases like malaria, HIV and tuberculosis has resulted in the neglect of diseases like cancer. This is caused by lack of awareness, non-qualified personnel, inadequate facilities and financial shortages. In Kenya, majority of the population relies on traditional medicine as an alternative treatment since the conventional health system provides for only 30% of the population. Although medicinal plants in Kenya have been used for treatment of cancer by the traditional healers, no studies have been carried out to verify their healing claims. This study focused on the analytical methodologies, which included the extraction of crude extract from <em>Physalis peruviana<\/em> using methanol, dichloromethane petroleum ether, water and hexane. It also included the phytochemical screening assay through the TLC method and was observed under UV lamb and the in vitro cytotoxicity activity of <em>Physalis peruviana<\/em> on normal and cancerous mammalian cell lines. The<em> in vitro<\/em> assays involved determination of the cytotoxic concentration levels (CC<sub>50<\/sub>) of the plant extracts on cancer cell lines as well as calculating the inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50<\/sub>) of the plant extracts on cancer cell lines. The biochemical responses of cells after exposure with organic plant extract was observed using the MTT dye {3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide}. <em>Physalis peruviana<\/em> extract was expected to have a cytotoxicity effect on selected cell lines.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 133-141\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wesley N. Omwoyo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dominic Menge<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biological Science, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Antony L. Yiaile<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kabianga, Kericho, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Doreen Muchiri<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAyensu E. S. (1978). Medicinal Plants of West Africa, Reference publications Inc.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tChanda, S.V., Parekh, J. and Karathia, N. (2006). 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ISO.Geneva.1-7.<br \/>\r\n[50].\tWu SJ, Ng LT, Chen CH, Lin DL, Wang SS, Lin C(2004).Antihepatoma activity of Physalis angulata and P. peruviana extracts and their effects on apoptosis in human Hep G2 cells. Life Sci. 2004, 74 (16): 2061-2073.<br \/>\r\n[51].\tWang HC, Tsai YL, Wu YC, Chang FR, Liu MH, et al. (2012) Withanolides-induced breast cancer cell death is correlated with their ability to inhibit heat protein 90. PLoS One 7: e37764. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0037764<br \/>\r\n[52].\tMandal C, Dutta A, Mallick A, Chandra S, Misra L, et al. (2008) Withaferin A induces apoptosis by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade in leukemic cells of lymphoid and myeloid origin through mitochondrial death cascade. Apoptosis 13: 1450\u20131464. doi: 10.1007\/s10495-008-0271-0<br \/>\r\n[53].\tHahm ER, Moura MB, Kelley EE, Van Houten B, Shiva S, et al. (2011) Withaferin A-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 6: e23354. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0023354<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wesley N. Omwoyo, Dominic Menge, Antony L. Yiaile, Doreen Muchiri &#8220;Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanolic Extracts of <em>Physalis peruviana<\/em>\u00a0 Studied on Normal and Cancerous Mammalian Cell lines&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.133-141 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/133-141.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/133-141.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/phytochemical-screening-and-cytotoxic-activities-of-methanolic-extracts-of-physalis-peruviana-studied-on-normal-and-cancerous-mammalian-cell-lines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanolic Extracts of <em>Physalis peruviana<\/em>\u00a0 Studied on Normal and Cancerous Mammalian Cell lines<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a70829 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a70829\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a708f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a708f4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a70a69\" data-id=\"0a70a69\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a70b8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a70b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a70c28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a70c28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a70d9b\" data-id=\"0a70d9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a70ebb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a70ebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Constructing a tool for Seafood Quality Traceability<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 142-145<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a70f5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a70f5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a710cb\" data-id=\"0a710cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a711fb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a711fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Seafood quality traceability systems have become of increasing concern for suppliers in both developed and developing countries. At this moment (2020), seafood produced in Vietnam often do not satisfy the expectations of Western consumers with respect to the desired quality. Moreover, production chains do not always operate efficiently and effectively, due to lack of quality traceability systems. The scientific challenge with respect to the improvement of the quality traceability of seafood supply chains implies the structural incorporation of the important elements in the process of food production, which are based on current scientific research for quality-orientated product development, namely a coordinated supply chain traceability approach to the production to deal with the complexity of optimising seafood production systems; and incorporation of extrinsic food quality parameters into the production and supply chain.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 142-145\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Scientific Research Affairs, Can Tho University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tHenson, S., Brouder, A-M., and W. Mittullah (2000) Food safety requirements and food exports from developing countries: the case of fish exports from Kenya to the European Union. American Journal of Agricultural Economics (5), 1159-1169.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tJongen, W.M.F. (2000) Food supply chains: from productivity toward quality. In:Shewfelt, R.L. and Br\u00fcckner, B. eds. Fruit &#038; Vegetable quality: an integrated view. Technomic, Lancaster, 3-18.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tLinnemann, A.R., Benner, M., Verkerk, R. and M.A.J.S. van Boekel (2006). Consumer-driven food product development. Trends in Food Science &#038; Technology 17, 184-190.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tLuning, P.A., W.J. Marcelis and W.M.F. Jongen (2002) Food quality management: a techno-managerial approach. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, 323p.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tRopkins, K. and A.J. Beck (2003) Using HACCP to control organic chemical hazards in food wholesale, distribution, storage and retail. Trends in Food Science &#038; Technology 14, 374-389.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tSijtsema, S., Linnemann, A., Gaasbeek van T., Dagevos, H., &#038; W.M.F. Jongen (2002). Variables influencing food perception reviewed for consumer-oriented product<br \/>\r\n[7].\tTrienekens, J.H. (1999) Management of processes in chains: a research framework. PhD thesis. Wageningen University, Wageningen, 173p.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tVan der Vorst, J.G.A.J. (2000) Effective food supply chains. Generating, modelling and evaluating supply chain scenarios. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 305p.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Assoc. Prof. Dr. Le Nguyen Doan Khoi &#8220;Constructing a tool for Seafood Quality Traceability&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.142-145 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/142-145.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/142-145.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/constructing-a-tool-for-seafood-quality-traceability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Constructing a tool for Seafood Quality Traceability<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a71fe7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a71fe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a720b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a720b1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a72235\" data-id=\"0a72235\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7235c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7235c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a72401 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a72401\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a72581\" data-id=\"0a72581\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a72697 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a72697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Covid-19 In Ekiti State Nigeria: Why Should We Worry?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Victor SHEGUN Oluwatuyi, Racheal Adedoja Okunade, Mayowa Funmilayo Oluwatuyi, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, Oluwakemi Ifedayo Sam-Ijadele, Mojisola Bello &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 146-149<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a72733 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a72733\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a728ae\" data-id=\"0a728ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a729ea elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a729ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Ekiti State recorded her first case of COVID-19) precisely March 15th 2020 shortly after Nigeria recorded her first case imported by an Italian businessman whose identity was not disclosed on the 27th February 2020. The disease has since then continued to spread despite the lockdown measures. The spread and occurrence ofCOVID-19 in Nigeria is not surprising considering its rate of spread globally. The disease broke out in China and on the 30th January, 2020 it was declared to be transmissible through human to human contact while there is knowledge of the fact that the virus spread through asymptomatic patients making it hard to track the infection. Ekiti State which happened to be the first to react out of all the 36 states in Nigeria responded swiftly by setting up COVID-19Task Force in order to be able to fight the possible occurrence of the disease even before the State recorded her first case of COVID-19.However, it became worrisome that easing of lockdown measures without stiffer actions to regulate compliance might expose the State to a surge in numbers. This review reveals how well the State has been able to respond to the spread of this novel virus and the challenges.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 146-149\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Victor SHEGUN Oluwatuyi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria<br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Racheal Adedoja Okunade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Dental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mayowa Funmilayo Oluwatuyi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Health Information Management, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alaba Tolulope Agbele<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Oluwakemi Ifedayo Sam-Ijadele<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mojisola Bello<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome&#8211;worldwide,2003. 2003;52(12):241\u20136<br \/>\r\n[2].\t. World Health Organization. Coronavirus never before seen in humans is the cause of SARS\u2013 update 31. Geneva: The Organization; 2003.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tWorld Health Organization. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003.<br \/>\r\n[4].\t4. Peiris JS, Lai ST, Poon LL, Guan Y, Yam LY, Lim W, et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2003;361:1319\u201325<br \/>\r\n[5].\tH. Lu, C. W. Stratton, Y. W. Tang. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J. Med. Virol. 2020; 92:401\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25678<br \/>\r\n[6].\tNigeria Centre for Disease Control, \u201cFirst case of coronavirus disease confirmed in Nigeria\u201d 2019. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www. ncdc.gov.ng\/news\/227\/first-case-of-corona-virus-disease-confirmed-in-nigeria. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2020].<br \/>\r\n[7].\tM. Moore, B. Gelfeld, A. Okunogbe, C. Paul. Identifying Future Disease Hot Spots: Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index. 2019; Santa Monica, Calif: Rand Corporation, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tC. Huang et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tN. Chen et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):507\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tQ. Li et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus\u2013Infected Pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 1\u2013 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tI. Bogoch, A. Watts, A. Thomas-Bachli, C. Huber, M. U. G. Kraemer, K. Khan. Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel. J. Travel Med. 2020; 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaa008.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tC. Rothe et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 2019\u20132020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmc2001468.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tNigeria Centre for Disease Control, \u201cFrequently ask questions on coronavirus,\u201d 2020. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.ncdc.gov.ng\/ news\/232\/frequently-asked-questions-on-coronavirus&#8212;29%2F02%2F20. [Accessed: 02-Mar-2020].<br \/>\r\n[14].\tN. Nkengasong and W. Mankoula. Comment Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa : act collectively , and fast. Lancet. 2020; 6736 (20):19\u201320. 15. COVID-1<br \/>\r\n[15].\tOlayinka R. Ibrahim, Yetunde T. Olasinde. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Nigeria:<br \/>\r\n[16].\tMitigating the Global Pandemic.J Clin Med Kaz. 2020; 1(55):36-38<br \/>\r\n[17].\tWorld Health Organization. WHO Statement Regarding Clustern of Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, China Geneva 2020 [updated 9 January 2020 and 14 January 2020]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/china\/news\/detail\/09-01-2020-whostatement- regarding-cluster-of-pneumoniacases-in-wuhanchina.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tZhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. 24 January 2020. New England Journal of Medicine.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tMailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V, et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20502.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tBuchholz U, Muller MA, Nitsche A, Sanewski A, Wevering N, Bauer-Balci T, et al. Contact investigation of a case of human novel coronavirus infection treated in a German hospital, October- November 2012. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20406.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tAl-Qahtani AA, Lyroni K, Aznaourova M, Tseliou M, Al-Anazi MR, Al-Ahdal MN, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus spike glycoprotein suppresses macrophage responses via DPP4-mediated induction of IRAK-M and PPAR\u03b3. Oncotarget. 2017;8(6):9053\u201366. doi:10.18632\/oncotarget.14754.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tBin Saeed AA, Abedi GR, Alzahrani AG, Salameh I, Abdirizak F, Alhakeem R, et al. Surveillance and testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, April 2015\u2013February 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(4):682\u20135. doi:10.3201\/eid2304.161793.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tArabi YM, Balkhy HH, Hayden FG, Bouchama A, Luke T, Baillie JK, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(6):584\u201394. doi:10.1056\/NEJMsr1408795<br \/>\r\n[24].\t.https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov. pdf?sfvrsn=20a99c10_4 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[25].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200122-sitrep-2-2019-ncov.n pdf?sfvrsn=4d5bcbca_2 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[26].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200123-sitrep-3-2019-ncov. pdf?sfvrsn=d6d23643_8 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[27].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200124-sitrep-4-2019-ncov. pdf?sfvrsn=9272d086_8 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[28].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200125-sitrep-5-2019-ncov. pdf?sfvrsn=429b143d_8 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[29].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200126-sitrep-6-2019&#8211;ncov. pdf?sfvrsn=beaeee0c_4 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[30].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200127-sitrep-7-2019&#8211;ncov. pdf?sfvrsn=98ef79f5_2 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[31].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200128-sitrep-8-ncov-cleared. pdf?sfvrsn=8b671ce5_2 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<br \/>\r\n[32].\tKumar et al., Corona Virus: A Review of COVID-19 \/ doi: 10.14744\/ejmo.2020.51418<br \/>\r\n[33].\thttps:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/ situation-reports\/20200206-sitrep-17-ncov. pdf?sfvrsn=17f0dca_4 accessed at 18\/02\/2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Victor SHEGUN Oluwatuyi, Racheal Adedoja Okunade, Mayowa Funmilayo Oluwatuyi, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, Oluwakemi Ifedayo Sam-Ijadele, Mojisola Bello &#8220;Covid-19 In Ekiti State Nigeria: Why Should We Worry?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.146-149 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/146-149.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/146-149.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/covid-19-in-ekiti-state-nigeria-why-should-we-worry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Covid-19 In Ekiti State Nigeria: Why Should We Worry?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a737c4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a737c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a73895 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a73895\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a73a06\" data-id=\"0a73a06\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a73b22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a73b22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a73bbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a73bbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a73d34\" data-id=\"0a73d34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a73e4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a73e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Multimedia Instructional Strategies on Students\u2019 Achievement and Retention in Basic Science and Technology in Minna, Niger State<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Umar, B. K., Ossom, M. O., Egbita, A. U- June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 150-155<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a73ef3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a73ef3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7409f\" data-id=\"0a7409f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a741e0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a741e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study compared the impact of multimedia instructional strategies on students\u2019 achievement and retention in basic science and technology in junior secondary schools in Niger State. This study was conducted in Minna, Niger State. A sample of one hundred and two (102) JSSII students was involved in the study. The design of this study was quasi-experimental research design as there was no randomization of subjects into classes. Intact classes were used. Four research questions and four research hypotheses guided the study. Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. Results from the study revealed that students who were taught basic science and technology using multimedia instructional strategies achieved and retained higher than those taught without instructional strategies. Also students who were taught basic science and technology using multimedia instructional strategies as tool achieved and retained higher than those taught without multimedia as tutor. The study equally revealed no significant difference in the mean achievement and retention scores of male and female students. Some of the recommendations made include; that teachers should pay more attention to using multimedia instruction as tool instead of using it as lecture method for effective teaching and learning of basic science and technology.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 150-155\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umar, B. K.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Technical Drawing, School of Technical Education, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ossom, M. O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity Basic Education Commission (UBEC), Wusse-Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Egbita, A. U<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nNigerian Education Research and Development Council (NERDC) Sheda-Abuja, Nigeria       <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbimbade, A., Aremu, A. &#038;Adedoja, G.A. (2011). Providing information and communication Technology (ICT) environment for teaching and learning.  Education this millennium: Innovations in theory and practice. Ibadan: Macmillan Press.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdeyemi, T. O.  (2008). Predicting student\u2019s performance in junior secondary certificate  Examination in Ondo  State, Nigeria. Humanity and social sciences journal 3(1); 26-36<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAjani, S.M. (2009). Effects of workshop practices on students\u2019 performance in introductory technology. Unpublished Manuscript. Imo State University. Owerri.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAkpoghol, T.V., Ezeudu, F.O., Adzape, J.N. &#038;Otor, E.E. (2016). Relative effect of lecture method supplemented with music and computer animation on senior secondary school students&#8217; retention in electrochemistry. J. Educ. &#038; Practice, 7(4), 87 &#8211; 95.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tChapman, D.L. (2013).Multimedia Instructional Tools and Student learning in computer applicationscourses. An unpublished doctorial dissertation submitted the University of SouthernMississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tChi, M.T., Jeong, H., Yamaguchi, T. &#038;Hausmann, R.G. (2014). Leaning from human tutoring cognitive science. Retrieved on October 3, 2008 from http:\/\/www.pitt.edu\/ Nchi\/papers\/image 3.pdf<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDaramola, F.O, Onasanya, S.A. &#038;Asuquo, E.O. (2016). Effects of Computer Assisted Instructional package on Secondary school students&#8217; performance in introductory Technology in Ilorin. The Nigerian Journal of educational media and technology, 12(1).<br \/>\r\n[8].\tEbira, J.O.(2010).Effectiveness of persuasive communication model in changing students\u201f attitude<br \/>\r\ntowards Science Enrolment in Benue State Secondary Schools. An unpublished PhD Thesis,University of Jos, Jos<br \/>\r\n[9].\tErdogan, Y., Bayram, S., &#038;Deniz, L. (2009). Factors that influence academic achievement and attitudes in web based education. Int. J. Inst.,1(1), 31-47.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tFRN [Federal Republic of Nigeria]. (2013). National policy on education. Abuja: NERDC.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tGalope, V.O. (2013).Multimedia-Aided instruction in teaching grade four science and health: its effect on pupils\u2019 performance and attitude towards multimedia use in the class rom. Retrieve fromhttp:\/\/philair.ph\/publication\/index.php\/irj\/article\/view\/257<br \/>\r\n[12].\tG\u00fczeller, C. O. &#038; Ak\u0131n, A. (2012). The effect of web-based mathematics instruction on mathematics achievement, attitudes, anxiety and self-efficacy of 6th grade students. Int. J. Acad. Res. Progr. Educ. &#038; Develop., 1(2), 42-54.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tHeinichi, Molendai Russell &#038; Sharon. (2014). Integrating educational technology into teaching. Australia: Pearson Education Australia Pty. Limited.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tKrishnasamy,V. A., (2016).the effects of a multimedia Constructivist environment on Students\u201f<br \/>\r\nachievement and motivation In the learning of chemical formulae and equations. An<br \/>\r\nUnpublished Ph.D Thesis, UniversitiSains Malaysia.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tOke, M. (2015).An overview of some practical approaches\/teaching strategies for teaching and learningof Genetic concepts. In Ango, M.L.,Odeyemi, J.O,Nwosu, A.A &#038;Etokebe, L.J.(Eds).STANBiology Panel Series, pp7-10.STAN Publication<br \/>\r\n[16].\tOkeke, I.O. &#038;Osuagwu, C.C. (2012). Design and evaluation of a web-based courseware for higher institutions (pp. 2037-2043). In: Resta, P. (Ed.).Proceedingf of Society for Information Technology &#038; Teacher Education International Conference 2012. Chesapeake: AACE.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tShieh, C.-j. &#038; Yu, L. (2016). A study on information technology integrated guided discovery instruction towards students&#8217; learning achievement and learning retention. EURASIA J. Math., Sci. &#038;Techn. Educ., 12, 833-842.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tStack, S. (2015). Learning outcomes in an online vs traditional course. Int. J. Scholarship Teaching &#038; Learning, 9(1), 27-33.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tUwaifo, V.O. &#038;Edigin, J.E.O. (2011). Evaluating basic science and technology instruction in Nigerian secondary schools. J. Res. Nat. Development, 9(1), 17-22.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tWagner, S.C., Garippo, S.J. &#038;Lovaas, P. (2011). A longitudinal comparison of online versus traditional instruction. J. Online Learning &#038; Teaching, 7(1), 68-73.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tYamauchi, L.G. (2015). Effects of multimedia instructional material on students&#8217; learning and their perceptions of the instruction: MSc thesis. Ames: Iowa State University.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Umar, B. K., Ossom, M. O., Egbita, A. U &#8220;Impact of Multimedia Instructional Strategies on Students\u2019 Achievement and Retention in Basic Science and Technology in Minna, Niger State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.150-155 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/150-155.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/150-155.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-multimedia-instructional-strategies-on-students-achievement-and-retention-in-basic-science-and-technology-in-minna-niger-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Multimedia Instructional Strategies on Students\u2019 Achievement and Retention in Basic Science and Technology in Minna, Niger State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a74f59 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a74f59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a75033 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a75033\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a751a1\" data-id=\"0a751a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a752b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a752b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7534f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7534f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a754b7\" data-id=\"0a754b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a755cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a755cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Moderating Effects of Cost of Capital on Debt Financing and Firm Value in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Auwalu Sani Ibrahim and Isma\u2019il Tijjani Idris &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 156-159<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a75668 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a75668\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a757e2\" data-id=\"0a757e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a75917 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a75917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examines the moderating effect of cost of capital on debt financing and firm value. Where as, micro panel analysis techniques were utilized for the companies under study spanning 2006-2016. Secondary data were obtained through the companies\u2019 individual annual reports and data base of Nigerian Stock Exchange. The studies utilize a sample of 12 listed industrial goods companies in Nigeria. While, hierarchical moderated multiple regression analysis was used for the estimate. The findings of the study revealed a significant positive association among debt financing and value of listed industrial goods companies in Nigeria. While, cost of capital as a good moderator, it was emphasized that, debt financing and cost of capital are drivers of increasing value of the firm among listed industrial goods companies. It was recommended among others that, the finance managers should source capital from various avenues in such way it reduce risk and cost. Likewise, the listed Industrial goods firms should employ more use of debt financing.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 156-159\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Auwalu Sani Ibrahim<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management Science, Kano State College of Education and Preliminary Studies<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isma\u2019il Tijjani Idris<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Banking and Finance, ABU Business School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbba, M. &#038; Usman, U. (2016). Corporate Attributes and Share Value of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms in Nigeria. Researchers World-Journal of Arts, Science &#038; Commerce. Retrieved from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18843\/rwjasc\/v7il(1)\/10<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAjanthan, A. (2013). The relationship between dividend pay-out and firm profitability: a study of listed hotels and restaurant companies in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(6), 1.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tArmadeep, D. (2013). Impact of Cost of Capital in Decision Making. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 100-102.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBaker, M., &#038; Wurgler, J. (2000). Market timing and capital structure. Journal of Finance, 57, 1-32.doi: 10. 1111\/1540-6261.00414.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCampbell, R. H. (1995). Capital Structure and Payout Policies.Capital Structure and Dividend Payout Ratios Companies Listed at Nairobi Stock Exchange, Kabarak University First International Conference.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tHarris, M., &#038; Raviv, A. (1991). The theory of capital structure, Journal of Finance, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 297-355.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tHuang, S., &#038; Song, F. (2006). The determinants of capital structure. Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 17, 1-23.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKhadka, H. B. (2006). Leverage and the Cost of Capital: Some Tests Using Nepalese Data. The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies, 85-91.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tKhaledi, S. (2014). Corporate Risk Disclosure: A Content Analysis of Swedish Interim Reports. Master\u2019s Thesis in Accounting, Auditing and Analysis. Uppsala University.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKurfi, A. K. (2003). Principles of Financial Management. First edition, Kano: Benchmark publishers limited.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tMary E. B., Yaniv, Konchitchki, &#038; Wayne R. (2015).  Landsman Cost of Capital and Earnings Transparency, Journal of Accounting &#038; Economics (JAE), Forthcoming Research Paper No. 2015. Working Paper No. 48 http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1348245.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMarques, M. T., Nakao, S. H., &#038; Costa, P. de S. (2017). Book-tax differences and capital Structure. Revista de Administra\u00e7\u00e3o Mackenzie, 18(6), 177-200. doi 10.1590\/1678-69712017\/ administracao.v18n6p177-200.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tModigliani, F., &#038; Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American economic review, 261-297.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMorris, M. R. (2001). Creating Shareholder Value: Through Capital Structure Optimization. Value Incorporated.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tMugenda, M. O., &#038; Mugenda, G. A. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Laba Graphics Services, Nairobi, Kenya. African Center for Technology Studies.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tNarayanasama, N. (2014). The Relationship between Capital Structure and Overall Cost of Capital in Cooperative Sugar and Spinning Mills. India.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tOkiro, K., Aduda, J., &#038; Omoro, N. (2015). The Effect of Corporate Governance and Capital Structure on Performance of Firms Listed at the East African Community Securities Exchange. European Scientific Journal, 517-546.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tSagala, G. (2003). The Relationship between costs of capital and leverage for companies Quoted on the Nairobi stock exchange. Unpublished M SC Thesis, university of Nairobi, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tSambo, A. A. (2005). Research Methods in Education. Ibadan, Oyo State: Stiling-Horden Publishers (Nig.) Ltd. Gaaf Building, 110-112 Oyo Road, Orogun, off University of Ibadan, Second Gate.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tSekaran, U. &#038; Bougie, R. (2010). Research Methods for Business A Skill BuildingApproach. West Sussex: John Wiley &#038; Sons Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tShubita, M. F., &#038; Alsawalhah, J.F. (2012). The Relationship between Capital Structure and Profitability. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(16).<br \/>\r\n[22].\tSaunders, M. L., Lewis, P., &#038; Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. London. UK, Financial Times Prentice Hall Inc.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Auwalu Sani Ibrahim and Isma\u2019il Tijjani Idris &#8220;Moderating Effects of Cost of Capital on Debt Financing and Firm Value in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.156-159 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/156-159.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/156-159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/moderating-effects-of-cost-of-capital-on-debt-financing-and-firm-value-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Moderating Effects of Cost of Capital on Debt Financing and Firm Value in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a766c6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a766c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7679d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7679d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a76914\" data-id=\"0a76914\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a76a33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a76a33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a76ad4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a76ad4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a76c6f\" data-id=\"0a76c6f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a76d95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a76d95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Afirmation of Political Parties Enhances Women&#8217;s Participation (A Study in Serang District)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Maulana Suprihatin Sam, Asnawi- June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 160-167<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a76e34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a76e34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a76fc8\" data-id=\"0a76fc8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a770fb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a770fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study is to find out how the affirmative action of political parties in encouraging women\u2019s political participation in Serang Regency. This study uses descriptive qualitative research with data collection procedures in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. Data validation techniques used are source triangulation techniques in the form of person and paper. The results show that the efforts made by political parties of Serang Regency in building women\u2019s political participation include, 1) parties taking an internal\/personal approach; 2) programmatic, structured and continuous development of the political model of female cadres; 3) hold meetings at times that are possible to be attended by female cadres and times that are not too preoccupied with household needs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 160-167\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maulana Suprihatin Sam <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nManagement Department, Bina Bangsa University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asnawi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLaw Department, Bina Bangsa University, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tA. Rahman H.I. (2007). Sistem Politik Indonesia. Graha Ilmu.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tArdiansa,  D.  (2016).  Menghadirkan  Kepentingan Perempuan  dalam  Representasi Politik   di   Indonesia.   Jurnal   Politik,   2(1), 72\u201398.   Retrieved   from http:\/\/jurnalpolitik.ui.ac.id\/index.php\/jp\/article\/view\/82\/67<br \/>\r\n[3].\tArikunto, S. (2002). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tArjani, N. L. (2008). Kesetaraan dan Keadilan Gender (KKG) dan Tantangan Global. INPUT:       Jurnal       Ekonomi       Dan       Sosial,       1(2).       Retrieved       from https:\/\/ojs.unud.ac.id\/index.php\/input\/article\/view\/3181<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBallington,  J.  (2008).  Equality  in  Politics\u202f:  A  Survey  of  Women  and  Men  in Parliaments (A. Mash, Ed.). 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Diskriminasi  Gender  Terhadap  Perempuan  dalam  Sektor Pekerjaan.  YINYANG:  Jurnal  Studi  Islam,  Gender,  Dan  Anak,  4(1). Retrieved                                                                                               from http:\/\/www.ejournal.iainpurwokerto.ac.id\/index.php\/yinyang\/article\/view\/22 6<br \/>\r\n[12].\tKPUD Serang. (2009). Daftar Perolehan Suara Sah Partai Politik Pemilu Legislatif 2009.  Retrieved  from  Komisi  Pemilihan  Umum  Kabupaten  Serang website: http:\/\/www.kpuSerangkab.go.id<br \/>\r\n[13].\tKPUD  Serang.  (2014).  Daftar  Perolehan  Suara  Sah  Partai  Politik  Pemilu Legislative 2014. Retrieved from Komisi Pemilihan Umum Kabupaten Serang website: http:\/\/www.kpuSerangkab.go.id<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMardhatillah, M. (2014). Perempuan Banten Sebagai Simbol Prestise dan Pelaku Tradisi Perjodohan. MUSAWA: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 13(2), 168\u2013177.                   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Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di Indonesia: Menuju Democratic Goaernance. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 8(3), 291\u2013 308.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tSuharno.          (2004). Diktat  Kuliah Sosiologi.         Retrieved         from http:\/\/staffnew.uny.ac.id\/upload\/132255131\/pendidikan\/Karya+A+-+Diktat+Kuliah+Sosiologi+Politik.pdf<br \/>\r\n[21].\tSulistyo, A. I. (2006). Prinsip Dasar, Perumusan Masalah, dan Pengumpulan Data Penelitian Naturalistik. Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tSurbakti, R. (1992). Memahami Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia Widya Sarana.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tSuseno,  N. (2013).  Representasi Politik\u202f:  Perkembangan  dari Adjektiva  ke  Teori. Depok: Puskapol UI.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tSusiana,  S.,  &#038; Cahyaningrum,  D.  (2010).  Implementasi pasal tentang affirmative action  dalam  Undang-Undang  Nomor  10  tahun  2008  tentang  Pemilu Anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD (studi di Provinsi Maluku Utara). Kajian,15(1), 467\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22212\/KAJIAN.V15I1.382<br \/>\r\n[25].\tWarits,  A.  (2012).  Artikulasi  Politik  Perempuan  Banten  (Studi  atas  Hambatan Kultural dan Tafsir Agama pada Partisipasi Politik Perempuan di Serang). KARSA:   Journal   of   Social   and   Islamic   Culture,   19(2),   183\u2013199.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19105\/karsa.v19i2.65<br \/>\r\n[26].\tWibowo, D. E. (2011). Peran Ganda Perempuan dan Kesetaraan Gender. Muwazah: Jurnal    Kajian    Gender,   3(1),    357\u2013363.    Retrieved    from    http:\/\/e-journal.iainpekalongan.ac.id\/index.php\/Muwazah\/article\/view\/6\/6<br \/>\r\n[27].\tYuriadi. (2016). Konstruksi Perempuan dalam Wajah Banten. In T. H. Rahmad, S. Hadiwibowo,  M.  H.  Widjanarko,  &#038;  L.  O.  Wahyudi  (Eds.),  Prosiding Seminar  Nasional  Gender   dan   Budaya  Banten  III  \u201cBanten   dalam Perspektif Budaya, Gender, Politik,   Industrialisasi,  Kesehatan       dan Pendidikan.\u201d    Retrieved         from http:\/\/lppm.trunojoyo.ac.id\/budayaBanten\/wp- content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2- 1.-ARTIKEL.pdf <\/p>\r\n<p>Interview result<br \/>\r\n[28].\tAnonim, pengurus harian PPP, PKB, dan Demokrat. (2019). Serang, Senin 6 Mei 2019.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tAnonim, kader PPP, PLN, dan Demokrat. (2019). Serang, 13 Mei 2019.<br \/>\r\n[30].\tAnonim, kader PPP, PLN, dan Demokrat. (2019). Serang, 20 Mei 2019.<br \/>\r\n[31].\tNingsih, kader PPP, Serang. (2019). Serang, Senin 27 Mei 2019.<br \/>\r\n[32].\tAnonim, kader PPP, PKB, Gerindra, PAN, dan Demokrat. (2019). Serang, 3 Juni 2019.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Maulana Suprihatin Sam, Asnawi &#8220;Afirmation of Political Parties Enhances Women&#8217;s Participation (A Study in Serang District)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.160-167 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/160-167.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/160-167.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/afirmation-of-political-parties-enhances-womens-participation-a-study-in-serang-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Afirmation of Political Parties Enhances Women&#8217;s Participation (A Study in Serang District)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a77e7c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a77e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a77f4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a77f4f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a780bb\" data-id=\"0a780bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a781cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a781cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a78267 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a78267\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a783d0\" data-id=\"0a783d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a784eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a784eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>School Leaders\u2019 Challenges and Needs in Leading and Managing the Multigrade Classrooms Practice<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong> Jeffri Idris  &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 168-173<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7858a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7858a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a78700\" data-id=\"0a78700\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a78829 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a78829\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study focused on the problems faced by school heads and ways to support them in implementing the practice of multigrade teaching. A new policy was recently introduced in the country where public primary schools with pupils\u2019 enrolment of 30 and below had to implement multigrade teaching. Until now, it has been implemented for more than a year that involved 393 schools. A qualitative study was carried out to identify the problems they were still facing and the types of support required by them. The study used an online form sent to their e-mails. Sixty-eight school heads\u2019 open-ended questions responses were used in the analysis. Analyses were based on two major themes namely the challenges and the supports. Both major themes were then given sub-themes to be more focused. Overall, it was found that the major challenges were related to teachers\u2019 knowledge and skills, pupils\u2019 ability and resources. Based on the analysis, it was suggested that continued support to be provided to the schools in terms of the school leaders\u2019 management and leadership aspects. Also, pedagogical competency, curriculum integration and resources management skills of the teachers needed to be supported.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 168-173\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jeffri Idris<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitut Aminuddin Baki, Ministry of Education, Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tHyry-Beihammer, E. &#038; Hascher, T. (2015). Multi-grade teaching practices in Austrian and Finnish primary schools. International Journal of Educational Research, 74, 104\u2013113. doi:10.1016\/j.ijer.2015.07.002<br \/>\r\n[2].\tSEAMEO INNOTECH. (2012). Quality indicators of multigrade instruction in southeast asia. Available from http:\/\/www.seameo-innotech.org\/<br \/>\r\n[3].\tThephavongsa, S. (2018). Enhancing the teaching skills of the multi-grade teachers through lesson study. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 17, 4, 71-87.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tPerry, C., Love, B &#038; McKay, K. (2017). Composite classes. Availabe at http:\/\/www.niassembly.gov.uk\/globalassets\/documents\/raise\/publications\/2016-2021\/2017\/education\/0517.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tPistioli, E. (2018). The self-concept in specific areas of students attending multigrade and single grade elementary schools. Comparative approach. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 17, 12, 116-134.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tMortazavizadeh, S. M.,  Nili, M. R., Isfahani, A. R. N &#038; Hassani, M. (2017). Teachers\u2019 lived experiences about teaching-learning process in multi-grade classes. Journal of Education and Learning, 6, 4.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tNkoro, Emoruwa &#038; Erinsakin. (2014). The prospects and challenges of multigrade teaching approach in secondary schools in Nigeria. Paper presented at International Conference on Arts, Economics and Management (ICAEM&#8217;14) March 22-23 (pp 50-52). Dubai (UAE)<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDu Plesis, A. &#038; Subramanien, B. (2014). Voices of despair: Challenges for multigrade teachers in a rural district in South Africa. Educational Research for Social Change (ERSC),3, 1, 20-36.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tSattari, R. (2016). The effect of multigrade classrooms on student behavior. Available at https:\/\/www.sole-jole.org\/17489.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tThomas, J.L. (2012) Combination classes and educational achievement. Economics of Education Review, 31, 1058-1066.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tChecchi, D. &#038; De Paula, M. (2017). The effect of multigrade classes on cognitive and non-cognitive skills: Causal evidence exploiting minimum class size rules in Italy: IZA Discussion Paper<br \/>\r\n[12].\tul Haq, G.N, Farooq, R.A &#038; Tabassum, R. (2017). Comparison of multi-grade teaching with mono-grade teaching at primary level. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 7, 12, 316-322.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tSinger, E. &#038; Couper, M.P. (2017). Some methodological uses of responses to open questions and other verbatim comments in quantitative surveys. Methods, Data, Analyses, 11, 2, 115-134.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tRoberts, M. E., Stewart, B. M., Tingley, D., Lucas, C., Leder-Luis, J., Gadarian, S., Albertson, B., &#038; Rand, D. (2014). Structural topic models for open-ended survey responses. American Journal of Political Science, 58, 4, 1064\u20131082.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tMaguire, M. &#038; Delahunt, B. (2017). Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. All Ireland Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 8, 3, 3351 \u2013 33514.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tRamrathan, L. &#038; Mzimela, J. (2016). Teaching reading in a mulit-grade class: Teachers\u2019adaptve skills and teacher agency in teaching across grade R and grade 1. South African Journal of Childhood Educaton, 6, 2, 1-8.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Jeffri Idris  &#8220;School Leaders\u2019 Challenges and Needs in Leading and Managing the Multigrade Classrooms Practice&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.168-173 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/168-173.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/168-173.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/school-leaders-challenges-and-needs-in-leading-and-managing-the-multigrade-classrooms-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>School Leaders\u2019 Challenges and Needs in Leading and Managing the Multigrade Classrooms Practice<br \/>\r\n<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a795da elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a795da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a796ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a796ac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a79819\" data-id=\"0a79819\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7992e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7992e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a799c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a799c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a79b3a\" data-id=\"0a79b3a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a79c5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a79c5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Adoption of IFRSs by SMEs in Sokoto State, Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospects<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Vincent Opeyemi Abraham, Mahmood Omeiza Adeiza- June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 174-180<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a79cfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a79cfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a79e75\" data-id=\"0a79e75\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a79fa1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a79fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Understanding the vital role of SMEs in every economy, ranging from positive developments to creation of employments and their very key impact within the various sectors where they are operational is important. Using existing literature, to make an analyses whereby the benefits and likely challenges of implementing IFRSs for SMEs in Sokoto State, Nigeria can be deciphered, the general objective of this study was to investigate the likely issues, challenges and prospects that SMEs will encounter in adopting IFRSs for SMEs within a Nigerian State and those factors that could prevent the adoption of the standards by SMEs. To obtain answers to the research questions, questionnaires were distributed seeking the opinion of respondents. 75 questionnaires were distributed to Accountants, Accounts clerks, Analysts, Executives\/Business owners, etc. out of which 60 were successfully retrieved. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the only issue capable of affecting the adoption of IFRSs for SMEs in Sokoto State is the proper monitoring of continuous professional development programs (CPDP). It was concluded that SMEs must seek ways to reduce any challenges in the adoption process and find ways of strengthening the system and ensuring continuity of the IFRSs adoption process. Accordingly, and despite the coherence between standard setting bodies and professional bodies, it was recommended that: professional bodies should remain involved in a robust implementation framework for the adoption process; there is need to encourage collaboration between professional bodies in the area of IFRSs for SMEs adoption; standard setting bodies should take up the responsibility to maintain unity between standard setting bodies and professional bodies.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 174-180\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vincent Opeyemi Abraham<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mahmood Omeiza Adeiza<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdekoya, O. (2011). Similarities and Differences, IFRS and Nigerian GAAP. Lagos: Pricewater House Cooper International Ltd (PwCiL).<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdetula, D. T., Owolabi, F. and Onyinye O. I (2014). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for SMEs: Adoption Process in Nigeria. European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 2(4), 33-38. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.ea-journals.org.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAlbu, C. N. (2013). How relevant is size for setting the scope of the IFRS for SMEs? Accounting and Management Information Systems,12(3), 424-439.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAmerica Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), (2012). www.ifrs.com: IFRS FAQS retrieved from: http:\/\/ifrs.com\/ifrs_faqs.html<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAyuba, A. (2012). A proposed rule-roadmap for the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Nigeria: A research-based perspective in FGN, NASB &#038; SEC. American Journal of Economic, Special Edition, 41-45. doi: w-5923lj.economics.20120001.10.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBall, R. (2006). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): Pros and Cons for investors. Accounting and Business Research International Accounting Policy Forum, 5-27.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBallas, A., Skoutela, D., &#038; Tzoras, C. (2010). \u201cThe Relevance of IFRS to an Emerging Market: Evidence from Greece\u201d, Managerial Finance, 36(11), 931 &#8211; 948.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tBaker, R. C. &#038;Barbu, E. M. (2007). Trends in Research on International Accounting Harmonization.The International Journal of Accounting, 42, 272-304.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tBohusova, H. &#038; Blaskova, V. (2012). In what ways countries which have already adopted IFRS for SMEs different? Acta Universitatis Agricultural et Silviculture Mendelinale Bounensis,60(4), 37-44.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tBuhusova, H. &#038; Svoboda, P. (2011). What does the implementation of IFRS for SMEs bring for Agricultural Enterprises? Acta Universitatis Agricultual et Silviculturae Medelinale Bounensis, LIX(7), 12-19<br \/>\r\n[11].\tBratton, W. W. (1989). The new economic theory of the firm: critical perspectives from history. Retrieved from http:\/\/scholarshiplaw.upenn.edu\/faculty_scholarship\/833.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tInternational Accounting Standard Board (2009a). IFRS for SMEs. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.iasb.org\/ Ne ws\/ presst\/ releases\/ IASB+Projects\/small+and+medium-sized +Entities \/ small + and + medium\u2013sized+entities.htm.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tInternational Accounting Standard Board (2009b). IFRS for SMEs. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.iasb.org\/News\/presst\/releases\/ IASB+publishes+IFRS+fort+SMEs.htm.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tIyoha, F. O. &#038; Faboyede, S. O. (2011). Adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) \u2013 a focus on Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management,2(1), 35-40.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tMadawaki, A. (2012). Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard in Developing Countries: the case of Nigeria. International Journal of Business Management, 7(3), 1323 \u2013 1381: doi.10.5539\/ijbin. vyn3p152; http:\/\/www.aessweb.com\/journal-detail.php?ed=5007<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Vincent Opeyemi Abraham, Mahmood Omeiza Adeiza &#8220;Adoption of IFRSs by SMEs in Sokoto State, Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospects&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.174-180 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/174-180.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/174-180.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/adoption-of-ifrss-by-smes-in-sokoto-state-nigeria-issues-challenges-and-prospects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Adoption of IFRSs by SMEs in Sokoto State, Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospects<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7ad58 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a7ad58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7ae2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7ae2a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7af9c\" data-id=\"0a7af9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7b0ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7b0ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7b148 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7b148\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7b2ce\" data-id=\"0a7b2ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7b3d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7b3d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Vegetable Marketing among Retailers in Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Suleiman, R., Olorukooba, M. M., Emeghara, U.U., Oladele, O.N., Yahaya, U.F., Olukotun, O. &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 181-189<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7b472 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7b472\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7b5ed\" data-id=\"0a7b5ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7b727 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a7b727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was conducted to examine the marketing of vegetables among retailers in Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi-stage, purposive and random sampling techniques were adopted to select the 100 vegetable retailers used for this study. Data for the study were collected from the retailers using questionnaire and personal interview. Data obtained from the study were subjected to analysis using simple descriptive statistics such as frequency table, percentage and charts. The result revealed that female (64%) dominated the marketing of vegetables in the study area with about 80% of the retailers in their active productive age of between 20 \u2013 59 years of age, majority of the retailers are married (55%) and 83% of them had one form of education or the other and about 88% of the marketers had vegetable marketing experience of 6years and above. The study also revealed that there are three market channels for vegetable distribution which are; producers to wholesalers to retailers to consumers or producers to retailers to consumers or producers to consumers and fourteen vegetable crops were identified to be on sale in the study area with tomato (63%) being the highest crop on sales among the retailers while water leaf (6%) is the least. Opportunities derived from selling vegetables by the retailers include income generation (100%), as main occupation (67%), source of food (95%) and pleasure derivation (27%), however the business is faced with some challenges such as physical damage of vegetable on transportation (81%), high transportation cost (80%), lack of storage facility (65%), poor packaging system (53%), seasonality(49%) and limited supply (45%) of vegetables as well as low patronage (8%) . The study therefore recommends that marketers should be trained on simple preservation techniques, government intervention in the areas of provision of   storage facilities, subsidy in transportation cost as well as provision of low interest rate credit facilities to the marketers in the study area to boost their marketing efficiency.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 181-189\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Suleiman, R.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka-Kaduna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olorukooba, M. M.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka-Kaduna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emeghara, U.U.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka-Kaduna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oladele, O.N.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka-Kaduna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yahaya, U.F.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka-Kaduna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olukotun, O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka-Kaduna, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdeoye, I. B., Odeleye, O., Babalola, S. O. &#038; Afolayan, S. O. (2009), Economic analysis of tomato losses in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 5-6, pp. 87-92.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAgba, A.V., (2006). Intermediate Modern Eonomics, EVI \u2013 Coleman Publisher, Ibadan, pp 240.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAgBit (2015). Horticulture Sub-Sector study report 2015. Mapping Investment Opportunities in Horticulture SubSector: The Case of Vegetable Value Chains in Zambia<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAgbugba, I. K., Okechukwu, F. O., and Solomon,R. J., (2011). Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Marketing of Indigenous Leafy Vegetables in Nigeria through improved packaging. [Online] Available: http:\/\/worldfoodscience.com\/cms\/index.htm@pid=1005132.html (May 15, 2014).<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAjani, O. I. (2007), Economic analysis of the marketing of fruit in Lagos State of Nigeria (A case study of Oyingbo, Oshodi and Ikotun markets).  Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Science, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 38-46.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tAju, P. C., and Popoola, L.(2010). The dietary role of traditional vegetables in rural communities of Imo State. Nigeria Journal of Sustainability Development in Africa, Vol. 12(7), 104-113.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tAli, M., (2008). Horticulture Revolution for the Poor: Nature, Challenges and Opportunities. Washington, DC: World Bank. \u00a9 World Bank..<br \/>\r\n[8].\tCentral Statistic Authority (CSA)(2014). Urbam employment\/unemployment survey, FDRE, Central Statistic Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tDanso, G., Fialor, S. C., and Drechsel, P.(2011). Perceptions of organic agriculture by urban vegetable farmers and consumers in Ghana. Urban Agriculture Magazine ,6 : 23 \u2013 24.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tGrema, I. J., Gashua, A. G. snd  Makinta, A. A. (2015), Marketing Analysis of onion in Bade and Geidam Local Government Areas of Yobe State, Nigeria, IOSR Journal of Applied Physics.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tKau Agri. (2013). InfoTech Portal, Centre for learning, Kerala Agricultural University.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tKughur, PG, Iornenge, GM, Ityonongu, BE. (2015). Effects of post-harvest losses on selected fruits and vegetables among small-scale farmers in Gboko local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Int. J. Innov. Sci.Res. 19 (1):201- 208.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tMosisa Chewaka Aga  (2018). Constraints, Challenges and Opportunities of Horticultural Crops Marketing in Ambo Town, Ethiopia. International Journal of Innovative Research &#038; Development , 7(5):29-35.DOI No. : 10.24940\/ijird\/2018\/v7\/i5\/APR18030.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMusa, A. (2012). Principles and Practices Horticulture Crops in the Tropic Training Manual, Katsina State.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tNPC,(2006):National  Population  Commission, Federal Office Office of  Statisitics. Census 2006.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tObi, A., and Agbugba, I. K., (2016). Casualty and Integration analysis of Dry Season tropical leafy vegetables markets in South-East, Nigeria. Proceeding of 10th Africa Farm Management Congress, Mauritius.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tOkoh, R. N., Ugwumba, C. O. A., and Elle, H. O., (2008). General Roles in food stuff marketing in Delta-North Agriculture Zone: The case of Rue, \u201cIn. Umeh, J.C., et al (eds.), Prospects and Challenges of Adding Value to Agriculture products, proceedings of FAMAN, Makurdi, pp. 114 \u2013 123.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tOkunlola, A. I., (2009). Factors Associated with Fadama production of Vegetables by Small Scale farmers in Ondo State. Nigerian Journal of Food, Agric. Environment,  7 (394): 551 -555.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tPasquini, M. W., and Young, E. M., (2007). Network to promote the sustainable production and marketing of indigenous vegetables through urban and peri-urban Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (indigenoveg), ISHS, Acta Horticultural Proceeding of the International conference on Indigenous vegetables and Legumes: Prospects for fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition, Vol. 752(3), pp. 41 \u2013 48.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tZenebe, W., Ali, M., Derbew, B., Zekarias, Sh., Adam, B., (2015). Assessment of Banana Post-harvest Handling Practices and Losses in Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. Vol.5, No. 17<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Suleiman, R., Olorukooba, M. M., Emeghara, U.U., Oladele, O.N., Yahaya, U.F., Olukotun, O. &#8220;Vegetable Marketing among Retailers in Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.181-189 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/181-189.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/181-189.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/vegetable-marketing-among-retailers-in-kaduna-south-local-government-area-of-kaduna-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Vegetable Marketing among Retailers in Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7c480 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a7c480\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7c554 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7c554\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7c6bd\" data-id=\"0a7c6bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7c7cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7c7cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7c866 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7c866\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7c9d3\" data-id=\"0a7c9d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7caf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7caf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Hypoglycemic Property of Different Fractions of Crude Ethanol Extract of <i>Azadirachta indica<\/i> Leaves in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Obiajulu Christian Ezeigwe, Chukwuemeka Obumneme Okpala, Chidimma Stella-Maris Okeke, Perpetua Chiamaka Amuzie, Blessing Adaobi Okeke, Chiemeka Princess-Dolorosa Ikechukwu, Ejike Celestine Orji, Naomi Ngozi Nnadi &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 190-194<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7cb8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7cb8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7cd3f\" data-id=\"0a7cd3f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7ce99 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a7ce99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1091\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1091\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background: <\/strong><strong><em>Azadirachta indi<\/em><\/strong><em>ca<\/em> (AI) is used in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria. This study investigated the hypoglycemic potential of <em>Azadirachta indica<\/em> leaf fractions (AILF) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Methods: Ethanol crude extract of AI leaf was fractionated with solvents of increasing order of polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate, and n-butanol). Phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats intraperitoneally with 50mg\/kg bodyweight of streptozotocin. Treatment with the AILF was done for a period of twenty-eight days to ascertain which of the AILF possess better hypoglycemic property. Fasting blood glucose levels were checked at one week intervals using One Touch Glucometer and Test Strips.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Results: Bioactive compounds detected in moderate and trace amounts in the AILF include alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponin and tannins. Induction of diabetes caused a significant (<em>p<\/em>&lt;0.05) increase in the fasting blood glucose levels of the experimental animals followed by observable weight loss. Treatment with the AILF and the standard drug caused a significant weight gain in the animals in week 4 compared with the diabetic-untreated control. The group that was treated with 400mg\/kg bodyweight of ethyl acetate fraction showed a better weight gain which was observed from the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> week to the 4<sup>th<\/sup> week of treatment.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction decreased the fasting blood glucose levels more significantly within the four weeks of treatment compared with chloroform fraction, n-butanol fraction and the standard drug. However, a better and significant (<em>p<\/em>&lt;0.05) reduction was observed in the fasting blood glucose levels of the group treated with 400mg\/kg bodyweight of ethyl acetate fraction from week 1 to week 4 of the treatment compared with the diabetic-untreated.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conclusion: The data from this study suggest that ethyl acetate fraction of <em>A. indica<\/em> leaf has a better hypoglycemic property and can serve as a potential adjuvant for the development of an effective antidiabetic drug.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 190-194\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1092\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1092\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Obiajulu Christian Ezeigwe <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chukwuemeka Obumneme Okpala <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chidimma Stella-Maris Okeke <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Perpetua Chiamaka Amuzie <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Blessing Adaobi Okeke <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chiemeka Princess-Dolorosa Ikechukwu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ejike Celestine Orji <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Naomi Ngozi Nnadi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1093\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1093\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tOgbonnia SO, Odimegwu JI, Enwuru VN. Evaluation of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of aqueous ethanolic extracts of Treculia Africana Decne and Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. and their mixture on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2008; 7: 2535-2539.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tKing H, Aubert E, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: Prevalence, numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21: 1414-1431.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tWild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27: 1047-1053.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tMbanya JC, Bonicci F, Nagan K. Guidelines for the management of NIDDM in Africa. A Consensus Document. Novo Nordisk A\/S Greece. 1996; pp: 1-35.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tOkutan H, Ozcelik N, Yilmaz HR. Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rat heart. Clinical Biochemistry. 2005; 38: 191-196.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBetteridge J. Lipid Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus. In: Textbook of Diabetes, Pickup, J.C. and G. Williams (Eds.). Blackwell Science, London 1997; pp: 1-55.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tZhang M, Zhang L, Wu B, Song H, An Z, Li S. Dapagliflozin treatment for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metabolism Research Revolution. 2014; 30: 204-221.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tBiswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Ranajit K, Banerjee, Bandyopadhyay U. Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica).Current Science. 2002; 82: 1336-1345.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tDrabu S, Babu S, KhatriS. Neem: healer of all ailments. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry. 2012; 3: 120-126.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tAkihisa T, Noto T, Takahashi A, Fujita Y, Banno N, Tokuda H, Koike K, Suzuki T, Yasukawa K, Kimura Y, Juss A. Melanogenesis inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and chemo preventive effects of limonoids from the seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem). Journal of Oleo Science. 2009; 58: 581-594.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tMukherjee A, Sengupta S. Characterization of nimbidol as a potent intestinal disaccharidase and glucoamylase inhibitor present in Azadirachta indica (neem) useful for the treatment of diabetes. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition Medicinal Biochemistry. 2013; 28: 900-910.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tEzeigwe OC, Ezeonu FC. Antidiabetic and modulatory effect of ethanol extract of neem leaf on some essential biochemical parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review. 2019;28(4):1-11.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tWu AY, Kong NC, De Leon FA. MAPS Investigators. An alarmingly high prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in Asian type 2 diabetic patients: The MicroAlbuminuria Prevalence (MAP) Study. Diabetologia 2005;48: 17\u201326.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tHarborne JB. Textbook of Phytochemical Methods. New ed. Chapman and Hall Ltd. London. 1993; Pp: 110-113.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tSofowor, A. Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 3nd ed. Spectrum Books Ltd. Ibadan, Nigeria. 1993; pp: 289.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tTrease GE, Evans WC. \u201cPharmacognosy\u201d. 11th Ed. Macmillan Publishers. Bailliere Tindall Can. 1989; Pp: 216-217.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tRakieten N, Rakieten ML, Nadkarni MV. Studies on the Diabetogenic Action of Streptozotocin NSC-3791). Cancer chemotherapy and reproduction. 1963;29:91\u2013102.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tTrinder P. Determination of Glucose in Blood using Glucose Oxidase with an Alternative Oxygen Acceptor. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 1972; 6: 224-227.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tTamiru W, Engidawork E, Asres K. Evaluation of the effects of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Cayluseaabyssinica (fresen.) on glucose handling in normal, glucose loaded and diabetic rodents. BMC Complement. Alternative Medicine 2012;12:151<br \/>\r\n[20].\tSoliman AM. Potential impact of Paracentrotus lividus extract on diabetic rat models induced by high fat\/streptozotocin. Journal of basic Applied Science. 2016; 77:8\u201320.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tEzeigwe OC, Ezeonu FC, Igwilo IO. Antidiabetic property and antioxidant potentials of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The Bioscientist. 2020; 8(1):1-11.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tAtmani D. Nassima C. Dina A. Meriem B. Nadjet D. Hania B. Flavonoids in human Health: From Structure to Biological Activity. Current Nutrition and Food Science. 2009; 5:225-237.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tTraore F. Faure R. Olivier E. Gasquet M. Azas N. Debrauwer L. Keita A. Timon-David P. Balansard G. Structure and Antiprotozoal Activity of triterpenoid saponins from Glinus oppositifolius. Plant Medica 2000; 66:368-371.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tAzwanida NN. A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plants. 2015; 4:196.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tEkor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol. 2014; 4:1-10.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1094\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1094\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Obiajulu Christian Ezeigwe, Chukwuemeka Obumneme Okpala, Chidimma Stella-Maris Okeke, Perpetua Chiamaka Amuzie, Blessing Adaobi Okeke, Chiemeka Princess-Dolorosa Ikechukwu, Ejike Celestine Orji, Naomi Ngozi Nnadi &#8220;Hypoglycemic Property of Different Fractions of Crude Ethanol Extract of <i>Azadirachta indica<\/i> Leaves in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.190-194 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/190-194.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1095\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1095\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/190-194.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1096\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1096\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/hypoglycemic-property-of-different-fractions-of-crude-ethanol-extract-of-azadirachta-indica-leaves-in-streptozotocin-induced-diabetic-rats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Hypoglycemic Property of Different Fractions of Crude Ethanol Extract of <i>Azadirachta indica<\/i> Leaves in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7dd91 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a7dd91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7de6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7de6c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e00f\" data-id=\"0a7e00f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e149 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7e149\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e1f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7e1f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e372\" data-id=\"0a7e372\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7e493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determination of Sub-Soil Surface Layers Suitable for Site Foundation in Bowen University Iwo, Osun State<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Raheem, H.A., Ojo, M.O., Ishola, K.O. &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 195-204<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e538 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7e538\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e6ac\" data-id=\"0a7e6ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7e7db elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a7e7db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Geo-electrical methods offer a fast, cheap and cost effective method of evaluating competency of soils for building foundations. Electrical investigation of sub-surface soils in Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria, was undertaken in order to acquires a VES data of the subsurface soil, construct geological section of the subsurface, delineate the possible geological structural beneath the study area and to categorize the area into different subsoil competence zones which will assist to prevent the structural failure and collapse of building in the future. Seven vertical electrical sounding stations were surveyed for the site investigation. Schlumberger array was used for the VES with maximum current electrode separation (XY\/2) of 75m and readings of the resistance observed from the Terrameter were converted to apparent resistivity. The data obtained was presented as geoelectric sounding curve and geoelectric section shows the subsurface layer resistivity and thickness while geoelectric sounding curve were obtained by plotting apparent resistivity value against electrode spacing on a tracing paper superimpose on log graph sheet. All were iterated on the computer with a software program called WinResist version 1.0<br \/>\r\nThe results revealed three to four geo-electric sections within the study area which comprises topsoil, sandy clays\/possibly gravel, lateritic layers and fresh basement which are between the depth of 1.1m to 20.9m below the earth surface. VES 1, 2, 4 and 6 of the study areas shows the lowest resistivity values that suggest high clay content or possible fracture which have impact on the competence and reliability of the soil for construction and building development. Therefore, the topsoil has to be excavated beyond the depth of 4.8m for the choice of shallow foundation that will be suitable for any engineering work and building development in the study area,<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 195-204\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Raheem, H.A. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ojo, M.O. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ishola, K.O.  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tKure N., Aboh O. H., Jimoh R., Joseph O. A. and Isaac H. D. (2017) The Delineation of Potential Groundwater Aquifers within Basement Complex in ABU Zaria, Nigeria.British Journal of Applied Science &#038; Technology 19(1): 1-9, 2017; Article no.BJAST.31343.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tLateef T.A. and Adegoke J.A. (2011) Geophysical Investigation of Foundation Condition of a Site in \tIkere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, South-Western Nigeria, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9): 1852-1857.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tMundherDhahir. Nsaif (2016) Geo-electrical and geotechnical evaluation of subsoil at a \tproposedEngineering site north east of Baghdad city:Diyala JournalofEngineering \tScience Vol. 09, No.02, pp. 50-61.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tNwokoma E. U., Chukwu G. U. and Amos-Uhegbu C. (2015), Geoelectrical Investigation of soils as Foundation Materials in Umudike Area, Southeastern Nigeria. Physical Science International Journal 6(2): 82-95, 2015, Article no. PSIJ.2015.035<br \/>\r\n[5].\tOluwafemi O. and Ogunribido T. H. Tolulope (2014) Integrated geophysical and geotechnical assessment of the permanent site of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Southwestern, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2014, 5(2):199-209<br \/>\r\n[6].\tOyedele, K. F. and Okoh, C. (2011), Subsoil investigation using integrated methods at Lagos, Nigeria, Journal of Geology and Mining Research Vol. 3(7), pp. 169-179, July 2011 Available online http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/JGMR<br \/>\r\n[7].\tPoongothai,S. and Sridhar, N. (2017) Application of Geoelectrical Resistivity TechniqueFor Groundwater Exploration in Lower Ponnaiyar Sub-Watershed, Tamilnadu,India. IOP Conference series: Earth and Environmental Science <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Raheem, H.A., Ojo, M.O., Ishola, K.O.  &#8220;Determination of Sub-Soil Surface Layers Suitable for Site Foundation in Bowen University Iwo, Osun State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.195-204 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/195-204.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/195-204.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determination-of-sub-soil-surface-layers-suitable-for-site-foundation-in-bowen-university-iwo-osun-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Determination of Sub-Soil Surface Layers Suitable for Site Foundation in Bowen University Iwo, Osun State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7f59f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a7f59f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7f66b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7f66b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7f7d0\" data-id=\"0a7f7d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7f8f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7f8f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7f99e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7f99e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7fafe\" data-id=\"0a7fafe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7fc0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7fc0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Resilience of Digital Protection Relay\u2019s Power Supplies to Powerful Nanosecond Pulses<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Vladimir Gurevich &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 205-207<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a7fcac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a7fcac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a7fe18\" data-id=\"0a7fe18\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7ff30 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a7ff30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This article suggests the results of attenuation measurements provided by various types of high-quality two-stage electromagnetic filters and offers the best two types. Test results are provided of digital protection relay (DPR) equipped with 316NN63 power supply sources fitted with one of the best filter types. It is also suggested that using these filters in combination with voltage suppressors connected before power supply of high-sensitivity equipment implemented in the power industry can significantly increase its noise-resistance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 205-207\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vladimir Gurevich <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCentral Electric Laboratory, Israel Electric Corp.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tGurevich V. Resilience of Digital Protection Relay\u2019s Power Supplies to Powerful Nanosecond Pulses. \u2013 International Journal of Research Studies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2019, Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 38 \u2013 45.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tIEC 61000-2-9 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) &#8211; Part 2: Environment &#8211; Section 9: Description of HEMP environment &#8211; Radiated disturbance. BasicEMCpublication, 1996.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tGurevich V. Protecting Electrical Equipment. Good Practices for Preventing High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Impacts. \u2013 De Gruyter, Berlin, 2019. \u2013 386 p.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Vladimir Gurevich  &#8220;Resilience of Digital Protection Relay\u2019s Power Supplies to Powerful Nanosecond Pulses&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.205-207 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/205-207.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/205-207.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/resilience-of-digital-protection-relays-power-supplies-to-powerful-nanosecond-pulses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Resilience of Digital Protection Relay\u2019s Power Supplies to Powerful Nanosecond Pulses<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a80c4e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a80c4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a80d1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a80d1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a80e84\" data-id=\"0a80e84\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a80f9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a80f9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8103a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8103a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a811a9\" data-id=\"0a811a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a812bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a812bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Waste Management Practice among Students of Doherty Memorial Grammar School, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Victor SHEGUN Oluwatuyi, Blessing Alagbada, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, R.A Okunade,  Toyin Babalola, Abimbola M. Olusuyi &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 208-211<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a81363 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a81363\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a814df\" data-id=\"0a814df\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a81606 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a81606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Poor waste management and handling continues to be a major public menace notably in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. This has greatly impacted public health and contributed to loss of aesthetic value of the environment. The need to properly handle and dispose waste sanitarily becomes apparent in the face of the rising challenges and the nuisance constantly constituted daily. This research work examines solid waste practice among students of Doherty Memorial Secondary School Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was designed and used as instrument to obtain information from selected respondents on waste management practice in the School. A total number of one hundred and twenty six (126) students were randomly selected from JSS1-SSS3 who filled the questionnaires which were all retrieved personally. Personal observation and interview method was employed. Analysis of data was done using simple percentage and graphical representations while the result showed evidence of poor waste disposal practice in Doherty Memorial Secondary School Ijero. it was observed that there is limited access to health information on ideal waste management practice among other waste management challenges in the study area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 208-211\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Victor SHEGUN Oluwatuyi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria<br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Blessing Alagbada<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alaba Tolulope Agbele <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> R.A Okunade <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Dental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Toyin Babalola <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abimbola M. Olusuyi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Community Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAgbola T (1993). \u201cEnvironmental Education in Nigerian Schools\u201d. In Filho W.L. (ed) Environmental Education in the Commonwealth, then Commonwealth of learning, Vancouver.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAjani OIY (2007). Determinants of an effective solid waste management in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria. J. Food, Agric. Environ. 6(1): 152-157.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBallantyne R (1998). Interpreting &#8216;visions&#8217;: Addressing environmental education goals through interpretation. In: D. Uzzell and R Ballantyne (Eds) Contemporary Issues in Heritage and Environ. Interpr. Pp. 9-77.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tEagles PFJ, Demare R (1999). Factors influencing children&#8217; environmental attitudes. J. Environ. Edu. 30(4): Pp. 33.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tEero O, Grendstad G, Wollebak D (2001). Correlates of environmental behaviors: Bringing back social context. Environ. Behavior. 33: 181- 208.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tEvans SM, Gill ME, Marchant J (1996). School children as educators:The indirect influence of environmental education in schools on parents&#8217; attitude towards the environment. J.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFransson N, Garling T (1999). Environmental concern: Conceptual definitions, measurements, methods and research findings. J. Environ. Psychol. 19: 369-582.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGallagher J, Wheeler C, McDonough M, Namfa B (2000). Sustainable environmental education for a sustainable environment: lessons of Thailand for other nations. Walter Air Soil Pollut. 123(1-4): 489- 503.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tIfegbesan A (2008). Exploring secondary school students\u2019 understanding and practices of waste management in Ogun State, Nigeria. International J. Environ. Sci. Edu. 3(3): 201-215.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tJones RE, Dunlap RE (1992). The social bases of environmental concern. Have they changed over time? Rural Sociol. 57(1): 134- 144.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tJoseph K (2006). Stakeholders participation for sustainable waste management. Habitat Int. 30: 863-871.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tKofoworola OF (2007). Recovery and recycling practices in municipal solid waste management in Lagos, Nigeria. Waste Manage. 27(9): 1139-1143.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tMcKenzie-Mohr D, Nemeroff LS, Beers L, Desamrais S (1995). Determinants of responsible environmental behavior. J. Social Issues. 51: 139-156.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tOgunyemi B (1994). Towards better management of urban wastes in Nigeria: Environmental education approach. In Albert, I. O. (ed), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Urban management and Urban Violence in Africa, Vol.1., Ibadan, 7-11 November 1994. Ibadan: Institut de Recherche en Afrique (IFRA).<br \/>\r\n[15].\tOjeda BS, Armijo VC, Ramirez BM (2000). The potential of recycling household waste: A case study from Mexicali, Mexico. Environ. Urban. 12: 163\u2013173.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tOmoleke II (2004). Management of Environmental Pollution in Ibadan, An African City: The Challenges of Health Hazard Facing Government and The People. J. Hum. Ecol. 15(4): 265-275.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tOsinowo FAO (2001). Towards effective waste management in Nigeria. Nigerian Conservation Foundation, Lecture Series No. 1, a publication of the NCF. Pacey A (1990). \u201cHygiene and Literacy\u201d, in Kerr, C(ed), Community<br \/>\r\n[18].\tHealth and Sanitation, Intermediate Technology Publications, Nigeria. Raudsepp M (2001). Some socio-demographic and socio-psychological predictors of environmentalism. TRAMES. 5(4): 355-367.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tScott D, Willets FK (1994). Environmental attitudes and behaviour. Environ. Behaviour. 26(2): 239-261.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Victor SHEGUN Oluwatuyi, Blessing Alagbada, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, R.A Okunade,  Toyin Babalola, Abimbola M. Olusuyi  &#8220;Waste Management Practice among Students of Doherty Memorial Grammar School, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.208-211 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/208-211.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/208-211.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/waste-management-practice-among-students-of-doherty-memorial-grammar-school-ijero-ekiti-ekiti-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Waste Management Practice among Students of Doherty Memorial Grammar School, Ijero Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a82428 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a82428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a824f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a824f4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8265d\" data-id=\"0a8265d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8277a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8277a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8282d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8282d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a838c7\" data-id=\"0a838c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a83a0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a83a0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Female Trafficking and the Challenges of Education for Sustainable Development<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>HUSSAINI Manir, SARKINFADA Halima (Ph.D) &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 212-215<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a83ac9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a83ac9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a83c50\" data-id=\"0a83c50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a83d7b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a83d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Trafficking in persons is a euphemism for slave trade. The trafficking for the purpose of domestic service, prostitution, and other forms of exploitation is a wide spread phenomenon in Nigeria. This paper highlights the estrangement of female trafficking and the challenges facing the Nigerian child, every female must be protected against all forms of exploitation, indecent or degrading treatment including child labour, abuse or torture, sexual exploitation, sale, abduction and drug abuse. The need to educate the leaders of tomorrow relating the implication of child abuse and how education is a channel for ethical rebirth leading to behavioral change for sustainable development.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 212-215\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>HUSSAINI Manir <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Agriculture Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> SARKINFADA Halima (Ph.D) <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdepoju, A. (2004) \u201cPatterns of migration in West Africa\u201d. Presented at conference on Migration and development in Ghana 14-16 September, Accra.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBhatia, K.K. (2006) \u201cPrinciples and Practice of Education\u201d, Bhatia Towers Badambadi, published by kalayani publishers New Delhe \u2013 India<br \/>\r\n[3].\tEconomist (the) (2004) \u201cNigerians other export 24th April; 43; Gordon, A.A. (2004) \u201cNigerians diverse people, ABC \u2013 CLIO, santa Barbara, C.A.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tLittle, A. (2004) \u201cNigeria\u2019s respectable \u2018slave trade\u201d BBC New (London) 1. 04<br \/>\r\n[5].\tNorwegian Directorate of immigration, (2004) \u201cReport from a fact finding trip to Nigerian (Abuja, Kaduna and Lagos). 23-28 February 2004,\u201d The Norwegian Directorate of immigration Oslo.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tOkojie, C.E.E, O., Eghafona, K. Vincent Osaghae, and V. Kalu, (2003) \u201cReport of field survey in Edo State Nigerian\u201d. United nations interregional crime and Justice Research Institte (UNICRI), programme of Action against trafficking in Minors and Young women from Nigiera into Italy for the purpose of school exploitation, Toronto.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tOmorodion, F.I. (1993) \u201cSexual networking among market women in Benin city. Edo state, Nigeria\u201d health Transtion Review (Supplement) 3:1-11.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tOghoe, E.E. (1999) \u201cExisting from the state in Nigeria\u201d, African journal of political Science, 4 (1): 83-98.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tPrina, F. (2003) \u201cTrade and exploitation of minors and young Nigerian women for prostitution in Italy,\u201d United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), programme of action against trafficking in minors and young women from Nigeria into Italy for the purpose of sexual exploitation, Toronto.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tShaibu, A.O (2007) \u201cAn overview of trafficking in persons laws in Nigeria\u201d. Being a paper presented at a training programme organized by NAPTIP for the law enforcement officers at Illela Border post in Sokoto. August 2007.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tSmith, D.J (2001) \u201cRitual killing, 419, and fast wealth: Inequality and the popular immigration in south-eastern Nigeria\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tOsaghae E.A (1999) \u201cReport field survey of Southern Nigeria\u201d United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), programme of study on sexual exploitation, Toronto.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tUnited Nations, (2000) \u201cProtocol to prevent, suppress and burnish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the united nations convention against transititional organized crime\u201d. United Nations office for Drug Control and Crime prevention. Vienna<br \/>\r\n[14].\tUmar, S. (2007) \u201cChild Abuse \/Labor and Human Trafficking: Implementation for sustainable Development and the Role of House of Assembly\u201d. Published by National Agency for the prohibition of Trafficking in persons and other related matters. (NAPTIP) Sokoto.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tUNDP, (2004) United Nations Development Programme \u201cArticle on human Trafficking and degradation\u201d. Published by the Women Trafficking and Child Eradication Foundation\u201d.(WOTCLEF) 2003 pamphlet.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tVan Dijk, R.A, T. Raising, N. Tellegen, and W. Van Binsbergen, (2003) \u201cEn Schijin Van Voodoo, Cultural achlergronden vandal in Nigeriansemesjesvoor de Nederlands prostitute; African Studies, Center universiteitLelden, Leilden.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tWOTCLEF (2003) \u201c Understanding the Anti-trafficking law\u201d published by the women Trafficking and Child Eradication Foundation (WOTCLEF). 2003 p.8 Gwarinpa Estate Abuja. A Pamphlet.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">HUSSAINI Manir, SARKINFADA Halima (Ph.D)  &#8220;Female Trafficking and the Challenges of Education for Sustainable Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.212-215 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/212-215.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/212-215.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/female-trafficking-and-the-challenges-of-education-for-sustainable-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Female Trafficking and the Challenges of Education for Sustainable Development<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a84b2c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a84b2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a84bf8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a84bf8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a84d58\" data-id=\"0a84d58\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a84e7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a84e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a84f1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a84f1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8507a\" data-id=\"0a8507a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a85183 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a85183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Towards Testing the Effectiveness of English Language Teacher\u2019s Repertoire through Teaching Reading in Nigerian Secondary Schools<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Hussaini Sa\u2019idu &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 216-221<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8522a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8522a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a853a0\" data-id=\"0a853a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a854bf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a854bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study is meant to test the effectiveness of English language teacher\u2019s repertoire through teaching reading in Nigerian secondary schools. Failure to include national reading policy in Secondary school curriculum leads to making this paper. The study highlights the importance of reading. New official policy statement on reading as produced by Research Development Council (NERDC) also comes in the paper. Various reading techniques and sub-techniques are fully discussed with ample illustrations. These techniques include teaching vocabularies, teaching reading for main ideas, teaching reading for critical evaluation, teaching oral reading skills etc. Since  the major  goal of the study   is to test the mastery of language teacher\u2019s reading skills, retrain them towards accumulating new trends related to teaching reading,  the paper then  finally recommends that let the teachers provide right techniques and right  instructional materials that can help to correct errors for the benefits of learners. Let the teachers improve reading culture in students because successful training in extensive reading naturally leads to the development of the reading culture which is the bed rock of life-long education.  There is also need for federal ministry of education to include national reading policy in secondary school curriculum where reading should be seen and treated as a school subject.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 216-221\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hussaini Sa\u2019idu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment Of Liberal Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tBell, Timothy (1998) Extensive Reading: Why? and How?<br \/>\r\n[2].\tDebis (2019) Why Reading is Important, https:\/\/www.learn- to- read-<br \/>\r\n[3].\tDiamond and Lynda (2006) Teaching Volume https:\/www.readingrocket.org>article<br \/>\r\n[4].\tEne (2019) Teaching Reading at Secondary School Level https:\/\/www.researchgate.net>publication. Retrieved on 15th  May 2019<br \/>\r\n[5].\tExtensive vs intensive Reading\/Teacher Finder, https:\/\/www.wearteacherfinder.com>blog. Retrieved on 14\/1\/2018<br \/>\r\n[6].\tJane I, (2005) Study Book on English Language Teaching Methods 11 for Secondary and Tertiary Institutions, Published by Library Department Federal College of Education Zaria Kaduna State.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tJane J (2009) Current Trend and issue on English language Teaching Methodology for Colleges of Education,<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKoay (2019) What is Intensive Reading?\/ EduMaxi htpps:\/\/www.edumaxi.com>what \u2013is \u2013intensive \u2013reading. Retrieved on 10 October 2019<br \/>\r\n[9].\tMacleod (2018) Types of Reading, https:\/\/siiic.licalgary:ca> reading type. Retrieved on 11\/11\/2018.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tprince- gearge.com<br \/>\r\n[11].\tPublished by Eagle Man Book Publishers 24B Linca Road, Onitsha<br \/>\r\n[12].\tScrivener, J, (1994) Intensive Reading- Reading Skills and Strategies. Retrieved from English 16. Weebly.com> intensive reading<br \/>\r\n[13].\tTeaching Reading at Secondary School Level https:\/\/www.researchgate.net>publication. Retrieved on 15th  May 2019<br \/>\r\n[14].\tThe Internal FESL Journal, vol. W, No. 12, Dec 1998 <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hussaini Sa\u2019idu  &#8220;Towards Testing the Effectiveness of English Language Teacher\u2019s Repertoire through Teaching Reading in Nigerian Secondary Schools&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.216-221 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/216-221.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/216-221.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/towards-testing-the-effectiveness-of-english-language-teachers-repertoire-through-teaching-reading-in-nigerian-secondary-schools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Towards Testing the Effectiveness of English Language Teacher\u2019s Repertoire through Teaching Reading in Nigerian Secondary Schools<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a86209 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a86209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a862d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a862d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a86433\" data-id=\"0a86433\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8653e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8653e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a865e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a865e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a86744\" data-id=\"0a86744\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8684e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8684e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Commentary: Reducing Covid-19-Related Deaths in Nigeria: More than Ventilators<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Babatunde B. Osinaike &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 222-224<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a868e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a868e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a86a6b\" data-id=\"0a86a6b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a86b95 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a86b95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION<br \/>\r\nIn December 2019, a strain of Coronavirus later called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), broke out in Wuhan, China [1\u20133].  COVID-19 mainly affected the respiratory system with some patients rapidly progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Some of the patients affected get admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and many deaths have been reported. The elderly and those with comorbidities are at highest risk of death. The death appeared to be related to ARDS [4].<br \/>\r\nIn Nigeria, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on February 27 in an Italian expatriate. Since then, the number of cases has progressively increased. Presently, the case fatality in Nigeria is around 3%. Except for the lower case fatality rate of South Africa, 2% the Nigerian figure is much lower than the 6.3%, 5.9%, and 14.3% reported as the global case fatality rate and that of United States of America and United Kingdom respectively [5]. An underestimation of figures from Nigeria is not unlikely because of poor population data base and inadequate coordination between the states and the central government.<\/p>\r\n<p>II. CLINICAL PRESENTATION<\/p>\r\n<p>In the report by Wu and McGoogan, among 72,314 COVID-19 cases reported to the Chinese Center for disease Control and Prevention (CCDC), 81% were mild (absent or mild pneumonia), 14% were severe (hypoxia, dyspnea, >50% lung involvement within 24-48 hours), 5% were critical (shock, respiratory failure, multiorgan dysfunction), and 2.3% were fatal[6]. Also, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) report on COVID-19 [7] published on 6th May 2020 opined that of the 20,276 with a positive history of COVID-19 in their database, 3767(19%) required care in the high dependency unit(HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU).The details of treatment revealed that of the totalpatients,10,281(51%) had oxygen only via nasal or face masks. Non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation and extra-corporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were provided for 3039(15%), 2286(11%) and 226(1%) respectively.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 222-224\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Babatunde B. Osinaike <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Anaesthesia, University of Ibadan\/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tHuang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao Let al. Clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497\u2013506.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tLu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P,Yang B et al. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications of virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565\u201374.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tZhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Bo Y et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:727\u201333.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBurki TK. Coronavirus in China. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(3):238.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCoronavirus Live Update.https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/   accessed 23rd May 2020<br \/>\r\n[6].\tCDC. 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: Symptoms. CDC. January 26, 2020 Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/about\/symptoms.html,  AccessedMay 23rd2020.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDocherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius Ret al. Features of 20\u2009133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study BMJ 2020; 369:m1985.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tBowale A,Abayomi A, Idris J, Omilabu S, Abdus-Salam I,Adebayo B, et al. Clinical presentation, case management and outcomes for the first 32 COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal. 2020;35(2):24. [doi: 10.11604\/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.23262]<br \/>\r\n[9].\tOsinaike B, Ayandipo O, Onyeka T, Alagbe-Briggs O, Mohammed D et. al. on behalf of Nigerian Surgical Outcomes Study Investigators. Nigerian surgical outcomes \u2013 Report of a 7-day prospective cohort study and external validation of the African surgical outcomes study surgical risk calculator. International Journal of Surgery. 2019; 68:148-156.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tSmith L, Baker T, Demombynes G,Yadav P. COVID-19 and Oxygen: Selecting Supply Options in LMICs that Balance Immediate Needs with Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness. CDG note, May  5 2020https:\/\/www.cgdev.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Covid-19-and-Oxygen.pdf, accessed 24th May 2020.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tOxygen sources and distribution for COVID-19 treatment centres: interim guidance, April 4 2020, COVID-19: Clinical care. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/oxygen-sources-and-distribution-for-covid-19-treatment-centres, accessed 24th May 2020.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tZhao H, Wang H, Sun F, Lyu S, An Y. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is superior to conventionaloxygen therapy but not to noninvasive mechanical ventilation on intubation rate: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):184.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tZheng R, Hu M, Li R. Respiratory treatment procedures in patients withsevere novel coronavirus infected pneumonia: an expert opinion. Chin J CritCare Intensive Care Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3877\/cma.j.issn.2096-1537.2020.0004.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tGattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P,Busana M,Romitti F et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatment for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med. 2020 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020- 06033-2.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Babatunde B. Osinaike  &#8220;Commentary: Reducing Covid-19-Related Deaths in Nigeria: More than Ventilators&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.222-224 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/222-224.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/222-224.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/commentary-reducing-covid-19-related-deaths-in-nigeria-more-than-ventilators\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Commentary: Reducing Covid-19-Related Deaths in Nigeria: More than Ventilators<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a87964 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a87964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a87a34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a87a34\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a87b9d\" data-id=\"0a87b9d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a87caf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a87caf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a87d5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a87d5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a87ec5\" data-id=\"0a87ec5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a87fd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a87fd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: Implication for Counseling<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Anthony Abah Ebonyi, Sa\u2019adatu Adamu &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 225-231<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a88073 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a88073\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a881f1\" data-id=\"0a881f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a88321 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a88321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper examines the rise in mental illness caused by the Coronavirus disease, and discusses measures, in terms of counseling necessary to mitigate the psychological trauma in its aftermath. The emergence of the novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19)and the measures such as lockdown, isolation, hand-washing, mask wearing, social\/physical distancing, aim to curb its continuous spread and infection, has led to rise in mental illnesses among the populace. Reports show that most countries, including those having advanced health care facilities or structures, continue to grapple with the increasing challenge posed by the Coronavirus pandemic, especially its mental health complications. The paper uses secondary and documentary data, including, journal articles, agency reports and working papers and social media posts, to understand the rise in mental health illness during the COVID-19 pandemic and its implication for counselling. Findings reveal that COVID-19 has exacerbated old mental health challenges and thrown up new ones across different age groups and socio-economic classes, and left many in need of psychological support in terms of counseling interventions to help them cope with or regain their physical and mental wellbeing. It concludes that people with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) caused by COVID-19 need counseling which should be provided by trained and certified counseling psychologists or therapists.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 225-231\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Anthony Abah Ebonyi  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sa\u2019adatu Adamu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSecure the Future International Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAl Bannaa, H., Sayeed, A., Kunduc, S., Christopherd, E.,  H-asane, M. T., Begumf, M R., &#038;Dolab, S. T, I., et al. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of the Adult Population in Bangladesh: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 1-19.https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/journal\/ijerph<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBanerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 Outbreak: Crucial Role the Psychiatrists can play. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102014<br \/>\r\n[3].\tEbonyi, A. A. &#038;Abok, A. (2020). Sociological Assessment of the Perception of Nigerians on the Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) Pandemic. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (VII) IV, 192-198. https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-5\/192-198.pdf<br \/>\r\n[4].\tFact Sheet (2020). Information for the Community: Mental Health Impacts of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Retrieved from Government of South Australia https:\/\/www.sahealth.sa.gov.au\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/public+content\/sa+health+internet\/conditions\/infectious+diseases\/covid+2019<br \/>\r\n[5].\tGoothy, S. S. K., Goothy, S., Choudhary, A., et al. (2020). COVID-19 Lockdown Impact on the Mental Health of Students: Need to Start a Mental Health Cell. MOJ Anat Physiol. 7(2), 51\u201252. DOI: 10.15406\/mojap.2020.07.00289<br \/>\r\n[6].\tGuterres, A. (2020, May 21). We Need to Take Action to Address the Mental Health Crisis in This Pandemic. https:\/\/time.com\/5839553\/un-action-mental-health-crisis\/<br \/>\r\n[7].\tIndranil, C. &#038;Prasenjit, M. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, Effects on Society, Global Environment and Prevention. Science of the Total Environment, 732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138882<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKamal, N. M., &#038; Othman, N. (2020). Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kurdistan Region, Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR),Special Issue on Coronaviru (COVID-19),37-44. DOI: 10.24017\/covid.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tKazmi, S., Sajid, H., Hasan, K., Talib, S., &#038;Saxena, S. (2020). COVID-19 and Lockdwon: A Study on the Impact on Mental Health. MuktShabd Journal,IX (IV), 1477-1489.  http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3577515<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKecmanovic, J. (2020, March 10). Science-Based Strategies to Cope with Coronavirus Anxiety. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/7-science-based-strategies-to-cope-with-coronavirus-anxiety-133207<br \/>\r\n[11].\tOnuah, F. (2020, June, 10). Nigerian minister calls for action on \u2018alarming\u2019 increase in rapes during coronavirus lockdown. Reuters, June.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tSmith, J. (2020, March 15). 8 Ways to Relieve Coronavirus-Induced Anxiety, According to Psychologists. https:\/\/www.prevention.com\/health\/mental-health\/a31469215\/coronavirus-anxiety-tips\/<br \/>\r\n[13].\tStieg, C. (2020, March 13). When it\u2019s all too much, here\u2019s how to quell coronavirus anxiety, according to experts. https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/03\/13\/how-to-stay-calm-amid-coronavirus-pandemic-anxiety-relief-tips.html<br \/>\r\n[14].\tKar, S. K., Arafat, S. M. Y., Kabir, R., Sharma, P., &#038;Saxea, S. K. (2020). Coping with Mental Health Challenges during COVID-19. 199-213. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 199\u2013213. doi: 10.1007\/978-981-15-4814-7_16. PMCID: PMC7189395.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tSuliman, K., Rabeea, S., Lil, H., Ali, A., Shereen, M. A., Bashir, N., et al. (2020). Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak on Psychological Health. JoGH, 10 (1), 1-6. doi: 10.7189\/jogh.10.010331<br \/>\r\n[16].\tTali, B., &#038; Aliza, G. (2020). What to do when Social Distancing meets Social Anxiety.Anxiety and Depression Association of America.https:\/\/adaa.org\/learn-from-us\/from-the-experts\/blog-posts\/consumer\/what-do-when-social-distancing-meets-social<br \/>\r\n[17].\tTorales, J., O\u2019Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., &#038;Ventriglio. A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 Coronavirus and its Impact on Global Mental Health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry (1), 4, 1-4. https:\/\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0020764020915212<br \/>\r\n[18].\tWHO (2020) Q&#038;A on Coronaviruses (COVID-19). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/q-a-coronaviruses\/31\/5\/20<br \/>\r\n[19].\tWHO (2020). Coronavirus Situation Reports. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/situation-reports\/20200601-covid-19-sitrep-133.pdf?sfvrsn=9a56f2ac_4<br \/>\r\n[20].\tZhang, Y &#038;Feei Ma, Z. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health. (17), 1-12. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17072381<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anthony Abah Ebonyi, Sa\u2019adatu Adamu  &#8220;Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: Implication for Counseling&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.225-231 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/225-231.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/225-231.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mental-health-consequences-of-covid-19-implication-for-counseling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: Implication for Counseling<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a890cc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a890cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a891a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a891a1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8930b\" data-id=\"0a8930b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a89430 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a89430\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a894d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a894d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8963d\" data-id=\"0a8963d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8974b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8974b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Developmental Problems of Public Parks and Greenery across Garden City of Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ugwuoke Hillary, Ayagere  Selete  Ayebaemi, Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry, Bumaa Felix Neeka &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 232-237<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a897f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a897f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a89983\" data-id=\"0a89983\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a89ab8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a89ab8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The gatherings and health implications of public parks and greenery is of ultimate significance to the urban and suburb residents. Public parks and greenery surface difficult existing situations owing to inadequate institutional concern and failure to mete out to its roles of maintaining standard and quality public parks. The investigation of public parks and developmental problems could consequently exposed active directions to debase or upgrade of public parks, greenery and welfare of the important population. This research anchored on developmental problems of public parks and greenery across garden city of Nigeria. The study adopted random sampling techniques while data collection was held through environmental observation and validated questionnaire with a reliability value of 0.85 Cronbach alphas. A sample of 300 respondents was drawn although data analysis was based on percentage and inferential statistics of multiple regressions at 0.05 alpha level. The result revealed that public parks and greenery spaces has relative developmental problem. However, the work demonstrated that urbanization had statistical score of (t = 11.229,p = 0.000&lt;0.05), institutional low resource base (t =7.757,p =0.000&lt; 0.05), political instability( t = 3.982, p = 0.000&lt; 0.05), lack of proximity (t =7.787, p = 0.001&lt;0.05) and wide corruption( t = 3.325, p = 0.003&lt; 0.05) each have significant relative problem and significant joint problem of F(5, 295) =244.133, R<sup>2<\/sup>Adj.=0.718) on public parks and greenery areas of the city. The research concluded that public parks and greenery in Port Harcourt urban possess higher relative problem while urbanization, institutional low resource base, political instability, lack of proximity and wide corruption constitute the independent and joint problems of public parks. Organisation of conferences, workshops, seminars and discussions at urban, suburbs, regional and national level can decline the problems and establish immeasurably benefits of parkson the environment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 232-237\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugwuoke Hillary <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Institute of Management and Technology Enugu, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayagere  Selete  Ayebaemi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture,   Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture,   Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bumaa Felix Neeka <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture,   Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1].\tAnna, T. (2009)\u2019\u2019 Mobilizing Citizens to Reclaim Public Spaces   in Nairobi \u2018\u2019 The Journal of Public space 4 (3)61-86.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBruno, M., Ant\u00f3nio, N. P., (2018)\u2019\u2019 Index for evaluation of public parks and gardens proximity based on the mobility network: A case study of Braga, Braganza and Viana do Castelo (Portugal) and Lugo and Pontevedra (Spain)\u2019\u2019Urban Forestry and Urban Greening (34) 134-140.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tCatherine,P., Thomas P.O., Neil, T.C., Natasha, J.H., Graeme, H., Anne W.T., Robert, J.A. and Mark,D. (2013) \u2018\u2019Are accessibility and characteristics of public open spaces associated with a better cardiometabolic health?  \u2019\u2019 Landscape and Urban Planning, 118, 70-78.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tCollins, A. M. (2014) \u2018\u2019Urban Green Spaces in Africa: Nature and Challenges\u2019\u2019 International Journal of Ecosystem 4(1) 1-11.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tDas and  Honiball (2016)\u2019\u2019evaluation of accessibility challenges of public parks in residential areas of south african cities &#8211; a case study of bloemfontein city\u2019\u2019  Proceeding of the 35th southern African transport conference 988-1-920017-64-4, 1-19.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDajun, D. (2011)\u2019\u2019 Racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in urban green space accessibility: Where to intervene \u2018\u2019Landscape and Urban Planning, 102 (4)30 , 234-244. (1) .<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFang, W.(2017)\u2019\u2019 Greener urbanization? Changing accessibility to parks in China\u2019\u2019 Landscape and Urban Planning, 157, 542-552.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tHong, Y. Y., Jun, Y., Li,T. S., and Dong, Z.(2016)\u2019\u2019 Objective influencing factors of urban park accessibility, The journal of applied ecology 27(10):3387-3393.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tHuilin, L., Di, C., and Qingping, Z .(2017)\u2019\u2019 Walking accessibility of urban parks in a compact megacity\u2019\u2019 Urban Design and Planning, 170(2) 59-71.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tHsueh, S. C. and Chin, H.L. (2011)\u2019\u2019 Exploring an Integrated Method for Measuring the Relative Spatial Equity in Public Facilities in the Context of Urban Parks\u2019\u201912 (5) 361-371.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tItzhak,O.(2006)\u2019\u2019Evaluating accessibility using house-level data: A spatial equity perspective\u2019\u2019 Computers, Environment and Urban Systems  30 (3) 254-274.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tJasper, S., Peter, B., Jens, T., Mette,T., and Ulrika K.S. (2013)\u2019\u2019 Urban Forestry and Urban Greening :Associations between physical activity and characteristics of urban green space  12 ( 1) 109-116.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tKieron, J.D., Gail, E.A.,Paul, C.,Noemi,G. (2013)\u2019\u2019 Investigating design and provision of access facilities as a barrier to woodland use\u2019\u2019 Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 12 (1)  117-125.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tXiaolu , Z., and Jinki, K. ( 2013) \u2018\u2019Social Disparities in Tree Canopy and Park Accessibility: A case study of six cities in Illinois using GIS and remote sensing\u2019\u2019 Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 12 (1)  88-97.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tYunliang, M., and Jack, M. (2015)\u2019\u2019 A GIS- Based Multicriteria Decision Making Approach for Evaluating Accessibility to Public Parks in Calgary, Alberta\u2019\u2019 Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography 9 (1) 30-40.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ugwuoke Hillary, Ayagere  Selete  Ayebaemi, Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry, Bumaa Felix Neeka  &#8220;Developmental Problems of Public Parks and Greenery across Garden City of Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.232-237 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/232-237.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/232-237.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/developmental-problems-of-public-parks-and-greenery-across-garden-city-of-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Developmental Problems of Public Parks and Greenery across Garden City of Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8a906 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a8a906\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8a9d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8a9d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8ab42\" data-id=\"0a8ab42\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8ac70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8ac70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8ad15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8ad15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8ae82\" data-id=\"0a8ae82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8af97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8af97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Single Classifiers and Ensemble Approach for Predicting Student\u2019s Academic Performance<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>OLUKOYA, Bamidele Musiliu &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 238-243<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8b037 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8b037\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8b1b9\" data-id=\"0a8b1b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8b2f2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a8b2f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In recent time, educational data mining (EDM) has received substantial considerations. Many techniques of data mining have been proposed to dig out out-of-sight knowledge in educational data. The Knowledge obtained assists the academic institutions to further enhance their process of learning and methods of passing knowledge to students. Consequently, the performance of students soar and the educational products are by no doubt enhanced. In this study, a novel student\u2019s performance prediction model premised on techniques of data mining with Students\u2019 Essential Features (SEF). Students\u2019 Essential Features (SEF) are linked to the learner\u2019s interactivity with the e-learning management system. The performance of student\u2019s predictive model is assessed by set of classifiers, viz.  Bayes Network, Logistic Regression and REP Tree. Consequently, ensemble methods of Bagging Boosting and Random Forest are applied to improve the performance of these single classifiers. The results obtained reveal that there is a robust affinity between learner\u2019s behaviors and their academic attainment. Results from the study shows that REP Tree and its ensemble record the highest accuracy of 83.33% using SEF. Hence, in terms of Receiver Operating Curve (ROC), boosting method of REP Tree records 0.903, which is the best. This result further demonstrates the dependability of the proposed model.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 238-243\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> OLUKOYA, Bamidele Musiliu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nM.Sc Student, University of Ilorin, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAmrieh, E. A., Hamtini, T., and Aljarah, I. (2016). Mining Educational Data to Predict Student\u2019s Academic Performance Using Ensemble Methods. International Journal of Database Theory and Application, 9(8), 209\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14257\/ijdta.2016.9.8.13<br \/>\r\n[2].\tArora, Y., Singhal, A., and Bansal, A. (2014). PREDICTION &amp; WARNING. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 39(1), 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2557833.2557842<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBadr, A., Din, E., and Elaraby, I. S. (2014). Data Mining\u202f: A Prediction for Student \u00e2\u20acTM s Performance Using Classification Method. World Journal of Computer Application and Technology, 2(2), 43\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13189\/wjcat.2014.020203<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBaker,RSJd andYacef K. (2009). The State of Educational Data Mining in: A Review and Future Visions. JEdu Data Min Pp.3\u201317.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBala, M, and Ojha, D. B. (2012).Study of Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Education. International J Res Sci Tech- Vol. 1. Pp. 1\u201310.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBaradwaj, B., and Pal, S. (2012). Mining Educational Data to Analyze Student\u2019s Performance. Internation Journal of Advamced Computer Science and Applications, 2(6), 63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/vol.2,No.6<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBienkowski, M., Feng, M. and Means, B. (2012).Enhancing teaching and learning through Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics: An Issue Brief. Washington, D.C.: Of\ufb01ce of Educational Technology, U.S. Department of Education, Pp.1\u201357<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGupta, A., Gupta, S., and Singh, D. (2015). A Systematic Review of Classification Techniques and Implementation of ID3 Decision Tree Algorithm. In International Conference on System Modeling &#038; Advancement in Research Trends (SMART) (pp. 144\u2013152).<br \/>\r\n[9].\tJohnson, R., &#038; Aguiar, E. (2014). 31.Decision Tree Ensembles.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKoedinger, K., Cunningham, K., Skogsholm, A, andLeber, B. (2008) An open repository and analysis tools for \ufb01ne-grained, longitudinal learner data. In: First International Conference on Educational Data Mining. Montreal, Canada; Pp.157\u2013166.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tMhetre, V. (2017). Classification Based Data Mining Algorithms to Predict Slow, Average and Fast Learners in Educational System Using Weka. In Proceedings of the IEEE 2017 International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (pp. 475\u2013479).<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMishra, T. (2014). Mining Students \u2019 Data for Performance Prediction. In 2014 Fourth International Conference on Advanced Computing &#038; Communication Technologies (pp. 255\u2013262). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCT.2014.105<br \/>\r\n[13].\tMoniz, N., and Branco, P. (2017). Evaluation of Ensemble Methods in Imbalanced Regression Tasks. In Proceedings of Machine Learning Research (pp. 129\u2013140).<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMostow, J.and Beck, J. (2006).Some Useful Tactics to Modify, Map and Mine Data from Intelligent Tutors. J Nat Lang EngVol. 12:195\u2013208.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tRokach, L. (2005). Ensemble Methods for Classification. In Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook (pp. 957\u2013980). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/0-387-25465-X_45<br \/>\r\n[16].\tRomero, C, and Ventura, S. (2010). Educational data mining: a review of the state-of-the-art. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern C: Appl Rev 2010, 40:601\u2013618.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tRomero, C., Ventura, S., Pechenizky, M., and Baker, R. (2010).Hand-book of Educational Data Mining. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall\/CRC Press<br \/>\r\n[18].\tShet, S. (2014). Approach for Predicting Student Performance Using Ensemble Model Method. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2(5), 161\u2013169.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tSiemens, G. (2010). Learning analytics and educational data mining: towards communication and collaboration. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pp.1\u20133.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tTama,B. A. (2015). Learning to Prevent Inactive Student of Indonesia Open University. Journal of Information Processing Systems (JIPS), 11(2), 165\u2013172.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tThakar, P., Mehta, A., and Manisha. (2015). Performance Analysis and Prediction in Educational Data Mining: A Research Travelogue. International Journal of Computer Applications, 110(15), 60\u201368.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tVinodhini, G., and Chandrasekaran, R. M. (2018). Predicting Students \u2019 Academic Performance in the University Using Meta Decision Tree Classifiers. Journal of Computer Science, 15(12), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3844\/jcssp.2018.654.662<br \/>\r\n[23].\tWati, M., Indrawan, W., Widians, J. A., and Puspitasari, N. (2017). Data Mining For Predicting Students \u2019 Learning Result. In Dept. of Computer Science and Information Technology Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda, Indonesia (p. 28).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">OLUKOYA, Bamidele Musiliu  &#8220;Single Classifiers and Ensemble Approach for Predicting Student\u2019s Academic Performance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.238-243 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/238-243.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/238-243.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/single-classifiers-and-ensemble-approach-for-predicting-students-academic-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Single Classifiers and Ensemble Approach for Predicting Student\u2019s Academic Performance<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c1df elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a8c1df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c2ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8c2ba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c456\" data-id=\"0a8c456\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c580 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8c580\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c62b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8c62b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c7a5\" data-id=\"0a8c7a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c8c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8c8c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Problems of Dental Health Care Services and Use in Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Okunade R.A, Oluwatuyi Shegun Victor, Alagbada Blessing, Oluwatuyi Mayowa Funmilayo &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 244-248<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8c96e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8c96e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8caf6\" data-id=\"0a8caf6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8cc27 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a8cc27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Dental health services faces varied challenges in Nigeria today as the public gives little or no attention to dental health care. The authors identified various factors and problems facing the use of dental health care facility in the study area. This also covers the attitude of users (Mainly Students) to dental health care services despite being a health institution. We adopted a stratified sampling technique to select our sample while making use of primary and secondary data; revealing the statistics of patients recorded to have utilized dental health facility in the College from 2016-2019. One hundred and Ninety two (192) Questionnaires was administered to find out the problems and challenges of dental health care usage in the study area, a rating scale was designed and distributed to the dental health personnel in the clinic. Data obtained were analyzed using tables and graphical representations. The result revealed low utilization of dental health care facility in the study area; identified factors are lack of or poor awareness of the importance of dental health care which is the most identified factor,  ignorance, unaffordable cost, painful procedure of dental health care services among others hence, there is need to improve on dental health care awareness as an essential health care service while also encouraging the government to subsidize dental health care services to make it affordable to users.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 244-248\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okunade R.A <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Dental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwatuyi Shegun Victor <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public  Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alagbada Blessing <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public  Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwatuyi Mayowa Funmilayo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Health Information Management, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1].\tAl-OmariWM,Al-Omiri MK. Dental anxiety among University students and its correlationwith their field of study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17(3): 199-203.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tArigbede AO, Ogunrinde TJ, Okoje VN, Adeyemi BF. Cross-infectivity of HIV Infection: Assessment of Behaviour of Patients Attending a University Dental Centre. The Internet Journal ofDental Science. 2009: 8(1).<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBrothwell DJ, Jay M,Sch\u00f6nwetter DJ. Dental service utilization among independently dwellingolder adults in Manitoba, Canada. J Can Dent Assoc. 2008; 74(2): 161-<br \/>\r\n[4].\tChattopadhyay A. Oral health disparities in the United States. Dent Clin North Am. 2008;52(2):297- 318.Guay AH. Access to dental care.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tDenloye OO, BankoleOO,Onyeaso CO. Dental health service utilization by children seen at theuniversity College Hospital-an update. Odontostomatol Trp. 2004;24 (108):29-32<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDolan TA, Atchison KA. Implications of access, utilization and need for oral health care by thenon-institutionalized and institutionalized elderly on the dental delivery system. J Dent Educ. 1993; 57(12): 876-887.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFreeman R. Barriers to accessing dental care: patient factors. Br Dent J. 1999 14;187(3):141-4.1999; 187(3).<br \/>\r\n[8].\tKanegane K, Penha SS, Munhoz CD, Rocha RD. Dental anxiety and salivary cortisol levels before urgent dental care. J Oral Sci. 2009;51(4):515-520.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tKikwilu EM, Masalu JR, Kahabuka FK, SenkoroAR. Prevalence of oral pain and barriers to use of emergency oral care facilities among adult Tanzanians. BMC Oral Health. 2008; 8:28.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tSolving the problem for underserved populations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004; 135:1599-1605.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tVarenne B, Petersen PE, Florence F, Philippe Msellati P, Gary J, Ouattara S, Harang M, SalemG Illness-related behaviour and utilization of oral health services among adult city-dwellers.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Okunade R.A, Oluwatuyi Shegun Victor, Alagbada Blessing, Oluwatuyi Mayowa Funmilayo  &#8220;Problems of Dental Health Care Services and Use in Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.244-248 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/244-248.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/244-248.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/problems-of-dental-health-care-services-and-use-in-ekiti-state-college-of-health-sciences-and-technology-ijero-ekiti-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Problems of Dental Health Care Services and Use in Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8db97 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a8db97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8dc70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8dc70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8ddfd\" data-id=\"0a8ddfd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8df2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a8df2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Narrative Discourse and the Emergence of a New Rural Woman in Alobwed\u2019Epie\u2019s <em>the Lady with a Beard<\/em><\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ophilia Abianji-Menang &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 249-257<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8dfd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8dfd6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8e150\" data-id=\"0a8e150\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8e282 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a8e282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper explores narrative discourse and the emergence of a new rural woman in Alobwed\u2019Epie\u2019s the Lady With a Beard. The focus is to show how the text raises awareness on the predicaments of widows in the Cameroonian society. The novel presents some stereotypes of widows as depicted in the society from which it is written and the effects of these stereotypes on widows. However, events in the text show how Alobwed\u2019Epie breaks away from dominant patriarchal ideologies about widows and presents a widow who questions patriarchal canons and overturns widowhood stereotypes. The text also challenges society\u2019s opinion about widows by providing new perspectives from which widows should be viewed. The womanist perspectives of Mary E. Modupe Kolawale, Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie and Chikwenye Ogunyemi are used to show that far from being a helpless class of women in society, widows can assert themselves, make choices, inherit, and manage land as well as partake in major socio-cultural, political and economic activities of their communities. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 249-257\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ophilia Abianji-Menang <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of English Language and Literature, University of Maroua\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. London: Heinemann, 1958.\r\n[2].\tAdichie, Chimamanda Ngozi.\u201cWe Should all be Feminists.\u201d https:\/\/www.harpercollins.co.uk, 28th March 2020\r\n[3].\tAje-ori, Agbese.\u201cThe Portrayal of Mothers-in-law in Nigerian Movies: The Good, the Bad &#038; Oh, So Wicked!\u201d Films in African Literature Today 28. Ed. Ernest N. Emenyonu. London: James Currey, 2010, 84-105.\r\n[4].\tAlobwed\u2019Epie.The Lady With A Beard. Yaounde: Editions Cl\u00e9, 2005.\r\n[5].\tAmadi, Elechi. The Concubine. London: Heinemann, 1966.\r\n[6].\tAtanga, Lilian Lem. \u201cAfrican Feminism?\u201d, Gender and Language in Sub-Sahara Africa: Tradition, Struggle and Change. John Benjamins\u2019s Publishing Company, https:\/\/benjamins.com, catalog, 27 March 2013, 3 February 2020.\r\n[7].\tBa, Mariama. So Long a Letter. London: Heinemann, 1981.\r\n[8].\tClark, Herbert H. and Mija M. Van Der Wege. \u201cImagination in Narratives.\u201d The Handbook of Discourse Analysis.2nd Ed. Vol. 1, eds, Tannen, Deborah, Heidi E. Hamilton and Deborah Schiffrin. New Delhi: Blackwell Publishers, 2015.\r\n[9].\tCudden, J. A.A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.\r\n[10].\tDjockoua, Manyaka Toko. \u201cNaturalism, Ritual, Technique, and Being in the Postmodern Novel: A Comparative Study of Ernest Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea and Alobwed\u2019Epie\u2019s The Lady With the Beard.\u201d Emerging perspectives on Alobwed\u2019Epie. eds, Agbor, Sarah Anyang, Manyaka Toko Djockoua and Stephen Ambe Mforteh Newcastle:Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, 5-18.\r\n[11].\tDriesen, Jean.Widows in Rural India. London: London School of Economics, 1990.\r\n[12].\tEwane, George Ngide. \u201cDynamic Organicism and the TraditionalImagination in Alobwed\u2019Epie\u2019sTheLadyWithaBeard.\u201d Mediterranean Journal of Social Science. Vol 2 (3) 2011, 472-478, 10th April, 2020www.mcser.org.\r\n[13].\tGenette, G\u00e9rard.Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method.Translated by Jane E. Lewin Foreword by Jonathan Culler, Ithaca. New York:Cornell University Press, 1980.\r\n[14].\tFatunde, Tunde. \u201cCalixthe Beyala Rebels Against Female Oppression.\u201d New Women\u2019s Writing in African Literature. No 24. Ed. Ernest Emenyonu, Oxford: James Currey, 2004, \r\n[15].\t9-76.\r\n[16].\tKeesey, Donald.Contexts for Criticism. 4th Ed, New York: Mcgraw Hill, 2003. \r\n[17].\tKolawole, Mary E. Modupe.Womanism And African Consciousness. Trenton, NJ: African World Press, 1998.\r\n[18].\tMarger, martin N.Social Inequality: Pattern and Processes.California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1999.\r\n[19].\tNgongkum, Eunice. \u201cA crushing Curse: Widowhood in Contemporary Anglophone Cameroon Literature.\u201d Tydskrif VIR LETTERKUNDE. A Journal for African Literature. 53(1). Ed. Juliana Makuchi Nfah-Abbenyi, 2016, 138-148.\r\n[20].\tOkpewho, Isidore. The last Duty.London: Longman, 1981.\r\n[21].\tOwen, Margaret.A World of Widows. London: ZED Books, 1996.\r\n[22].\tPangmeshi, Adamou. \u201cFailed Heroines: The Parodox of Female Liberation in John Nkemngong Nkengasong\u2019s The Widow\u2019s Might and Alobwed\u2019Epie\u2019s The Lady with a Beard.\u201d Emerging perspectives on Alobwed\u2019Epie. eds, Agbor, Sarah Anyang, Manyaka Toko Djockoua and Stephen Ambe Mforteh, Newcastle:Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, 77-89.\r\n[23].\tPotash, Betty, ed. Widows in African Societies, Choices and Constraints. Stanford: Stanford U P 1986. \r\n[24].\tPeak, John and Martin Coyle.Literary Terms and Criticisms. 3rd Ed, New York: Palgrave, 2002.\r\n[25].\tShowalter, Elaine.The New Feminist Criticism: Essays on women, Literature and Theory. London: Virago, 1986.\r\n[26].\tSimone De Beauvoir. \u201cWomen and the Other,\u201d Literature in the Modern World: Critical Essays and Perspectives. 2nded, Dennis Walder, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, 280-284.\r\n[27].\tSylvester, Christine.Producing Women and Progress in Zimbabwe. Postsmouth: Heinemann, 2000.\r\n[28].\tUnited Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, \u201cWidowhood, Invisible Women, Secluded or Excluded,\u201d Women2000, January 2020.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ophilia Abianji-Menang &#8220;Narrative Discourse and the Emergence of a New Rural Woman in Alobwed\u2019Epie\u2019s <em>the Lady with a Beard<\/em>&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp.249-257 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/249-257.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/249-257.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/narrative-discourse-and-the-emergence-of-a-new-rural-woman-in-alobwedepies-the-lady-with-a-beard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Narrative Discourse and the Emergence of a New Rural Woman in Alobwed\u2019Epie\u2019s <em>the Lady with a Beard<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a8f0d7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0a8f0d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a8fe08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a8fe08\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a8ff48\" data-id=\"0a8ff48\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a9004a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a9004a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a900e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a900e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a90266\" data-id=\"0a90266\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a9037f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a9037f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sensory Processing Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dr. George Mathenge Wairungu &#8211; June 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 258-263<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a9041a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a9041a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a90597\" data-id=\"0a90597\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a906c9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"0a906c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1105\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1105\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1106\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1106\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1101\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1101\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurological developmental disorder that affect individual\u2019s communication abilities, behavior and social skills. Individuals with the condition also portray restrictive interests and repetitive behaviors. Majority of individuals with ASD have a cor-mobid disorder known as Sensory Processing Disorder. Over 90% of them typically exhibit unusual sensory behaviors. The disorder entails a dysfunction of one or more of the eight sensory modalities. The modalities include, auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, proprioception, interception and vestibular. It appears in three forms including the Sensory modulation disorder, Sensory discrimination disorder   and Sensory-based motor disorders.  The disorder has severe and critical implications in education and general quality of life of individuals with ASD. It is important for therapists, teachers and caregivers to understand the nature and implication of the disorder to affected individuals. Stake holders should work consultatively and collaboratively for timely identification and intervention. Early intervention leads to a more productive outcome. In order to intervene effectively, it is important to understand the entire disorder and its implications. This paper highlights the key features of the disorder including causes, characteristic, intervention strategies and implication to live and education of Individuals with ASD. It is a product of lengthy and in depth review of research findings and scholars\u2019 work in the field of sensory processing disorder and ASD. Its intended audience include caretakers, families of individuals with SPD, teachers, educationists, speech and occupational therapist.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 258-263\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1102\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1102\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. George Mathenge Wairungu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1103\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1103\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAvery, J. A., Ingeholm, J. E., Wohltjen, S., Collins, M., Riddell, C. D., Gotts, S. J., Kenworthy, L., Wallace, G. L., Simmons, W. K., &#038; Martin, A. (2018). Neural correlates of taste reactivity in autism spectrum disorder. NeuroImage Clinical, 19, 38\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.04.008\r\n[2].\tCDC, (2014). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years \u2014 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 2010, 11 Sites, United States, 2010 MMWR. 63(2). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/67\/ss\/ss6706a1.htm\r\n[3].\tChang, Y.S., Owen, J.P., Desai, S.S.,   Hill, S.S., Arnett, A.B. Harris, j., Marco, E. J., &#038; Mukherjee, P. (2014).  Autism and sensory processing disorders: shared white matter disruption in sensory pathways but divergent connectivity in social-emotional pathways. PLoS One. 9(7). doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0103038\r\n[4].\tCheng, M., &#038;Boggett-Carsjens, J. (2005). Consider sensory processing disorders in the explosive child: case report and review. The Canadian child and adolescent psychiatry review = La revue canadienne de psychiatrie de l&#8217;enfant et de l&#8217;adolescent, 14(2), 44\u201348.https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/19030515\r\n[5].\tChiu, E,  &#038; Li, P. (2017). A Sound-based Intervention for Children with Sensory Processing Disorders in Taiwan. Neuropsychiatry Journal7(5), 759\u2013765.\r\n[6].\tChristensen, D.L. , Braun, K.,V.,N.  Baio,  J., Bilder,  D.,  Charles, J.N., Daniels,J., Durkin, M.S.,  Fitzgerald, R.T.,Kurzius-Spencer, M., Lee, L., Pettygrove, S., Robinson,C., Schulz, E.,  Wells, C. , Martha, S., Wingate, M.S., Zahorodny , W.  &#038; Yeargin-Allsopp, M. (2012).. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years &#8211; Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States.2010. MMWR SurveillSumm,65 (13):1\u201023.   doi:10.15585\/mmwr.ss6513a1\r\n[7].\tCoulter, R., C. (2009). Understanding the Visual Symptoms of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Optometry &#038; Vision Development,40 (3).\r\n[8].\tCritz, &#038; Blake, &#038;Nogueira, (2015).Sensory Processing Challenges in Children.The Journal for Nurse Practitioners,11,(7).https:\/\/mauichilddevelopment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/\r\n[9].\tCscadmin, (2019). Understanding Interoception-New Insights into Common Childhood. https:\/\/childsuccesscenter.com\/blog\/interoception-common-childhood-issues\/\r\n[10].\tGoncalves, S., &#038; Goldstein, B. J. (2016). Pathophysiology of Olfactory Disorders and Potential Treatment Strategies. Current otorhinolaryngology reports, 4(2), 115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40136-016-0113-5\r\n[11].\thttp:\/\/sinetwork.org\/the-other-senses-proprioception\/\r\n[12].\thttps:\/\/childmind.org\/about-us\/\r\n[13].\thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/leader.FTR2.24042019.56\r\n[14].\thttps:\/\/www.brainharmony.com\/sensory-processing-disorder\r\n[15].\thttps:\/\/www.brainharmony.com\/sensory-processing-disorder\r\n[16].\thttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/autism\/facts.html\r\n[17].\thttps:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/autism-spectrum-disorder\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20352928\r\n[18].\thttps:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/basics\/sensory-processing-disorder\r\n[19].\thttps:\/\/www.spdstar.org\/basic\/latest-research-findings\r\n[20].\tJussila, K., Junttila, M., Kielinen, M.  Ebeling, H., Joskitt, L., Moilanen, I., Mattila, M.L. (2020).  Sensory Abnormality and Quantitative Autism Traits in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Epidemiological Population. J Autism Dev Disord,50, 180\u2013188  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04237-0\r\n[21].\tMarco, E.J., Hinkley, L.B., Hill, S.S., Nagarajan, S.,S., (2011).  Sensory processing in autism: a review of neurophysiologic findings. Pediatr Res., 69,5, Pt 2:48R\u201054R. doi:10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3182130c54\r\n[22].\tMcCormick, C., Hepburn, S., Young, G.S., Rogers. S.J. (2016). Sensory symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder, other developmental disorders and typical development: A longitudinal study. Autism, 20 (5):572\u2010579.   doi:10.1177\/1362361315599755\r\n[23].\tMiller, L. J., Nielsen, D. M., Schoen, S. A., &#038; Brett-Green, B. A., (2009). Perspectives on sensory processing disorder: a call for translational research. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 3 (22).  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/neuro.07.022.2009\r\n[24].\tOcak, E., Eshraghi, R.S., Danesh, A., Mittal, R., Eshraghi, A.A. (2018). Central Auditory Processing Disorders in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Balkan Med J. 35(5):367\u2010372. doi:10.4274\/balkanmedj.2018.0853\r\n[25].\tParmeggiani, A.,Corinaldesi, A. &#038;Posa, A. (2019).Early features of autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics45(144). doi:10.1186\/s13052-019-0733-8\r\n[26].\tPiller&#038;Barimo, (2019).Sensory Strategies to Calm and Engage Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges with sensory processing are a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder. Occupational therapists share suggestions for addressing a child\u2019s off-task behavior. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/leader.FTR2.24042019.56\r\n[27].\tPorter, (2017).The Other Senses: Proprioception.http:\/\/sinetwork.org\/the-other-senses-proprioception\/\r\n[28].\tShah, S.P., Josh, A., &#038;  Kulkarni, V. ( 2015). Prevalence of sensory processing dysfunction and patterns on sensory profile of children of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mumbai: A pilot study. The Indian Journal of Occupational therapy, 47 (2).\r\n[29].\tSuarez M. A. (2012). Sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorders and impact on functioning. PediatrClin North Am. 59 (1):203-xiii. doi:10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.10.012\r\n[30].\tTimothy L. T. (2009). Vertigo: A Review of Common Peripheral and Central Vestibular Disorders.   The Ochsner Journal (9),20\u201326, 200.https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3096243\/\r\n[31].\tWiggins, L. D., Levy, S. E., Daniels, J., Schieve, L., Croen, L. A., DiGuiseppi, C., Blaskey, L., Giarelli, E., Lee, L. C., Pinto-Martin, J., Reynolds, A., Rice, C., Rosenberg, C. R., Thompson, P., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Young, L., &#038; Schendel, D. (2015). Autism spectrum disorder symptoms among children enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 45(10), 3183\u20133194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2476-8\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1104\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1104\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. George Mathenge Wairungu &#8220;Sensory Processing Disorder in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 6, pp. 258-263 June 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-6\/258-263.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a920cf\" data-id=\"0a920cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a921d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a921d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a92277 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a92277\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a923b6\" data-id=\"0a923b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a924be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a924be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Will Newsrooms Continue to Be Relevant? Reflections on the Practices of Journalism in Kenya during Covid-19 Crisis [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1652,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3071","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3071"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3071\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}