{"id":3113,"date":"2020-07-16T12:20:32","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T12:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=3113"},"modified":"2020-10-05T07:34:51","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T07:34:51","slug":"volume-vii-issue-vii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-vii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue VII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3113\" class=\"elementor elementor-3113 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc43190 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc43190\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc43520\" data-id=\"dc43520\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc436de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc436de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Nigeria and the United Kingdom Diplomatic Relations: The Emerging Issues in the Post-Brexit Era<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>IGBINI, M. Daniel, OLUKA, N. Lucas, OHARISI, A. Jeremiah &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 01-08<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc439a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc439a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc43bba\" data-id=\"dc43bba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc43d55 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc43d55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2301\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2302\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2302\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2303\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2303\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2304\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2304\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2305\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2305\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2306\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2306\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2301\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">As United Kingdom embarked on exit from the European Union (EU) following the popular but unexpected outcome of the referendum of June 2016, scholars and analysts all over the world have been predicting the consequences as well as benefits of UK\u2019s actions on its close allies around the globe; particularly from Africa-(the commonwealth and non-commonwealth countries inclusive) and the Caribbean and Pacific (ACP). As a close ally to the UK, Nigeria\u2019s foreign policy and trade relations with UK and other member nations of the EU are likely to be altered in the post-Brexit diplomacy. This study therefore, seek to explore and unearth the emerging opportunities and challenges that may result from the post-Brexit trade and other diplomatic intercourse between the UK and Nigeria on one hand, and EU, ACP and other Commonwealth countries including Nigeria specifically, on the other hand. To achieve the objectives of this study, a combination of descriptive, explanatory and desktop methods were adapted to access valid qualitative but analytical data that helps to elicit and espouse the position of the authors in this study. General System Theory (GST) was adopted to explain the potential diplomatic relationships between the post-Brexit UK, EU and ACP, the Commonwealth with respect to trade, commerce and industry. The paper concludes that the emerging post-Brexit trade and other diplomacies will throw up challenges and opportunities which proportion may not be immediately determined. The study recommends as follows: that Government in Nigeria and other affected nations should key into the post-Brexit diplomacy by designing economic and industrial blueprints that would provide them the foundations for mutual economic benefits, be prepared to take advantage of the new changes that are likely to accompany post-Brexit trade diplomacy critically analysing them to avoid the mistakes of the past economic and trade regimes, ensure that currency equilibrium is permitted in its post-Brexit diplomacy. This simply means that the government should ensure that there is a balance of her local currency and pound in the post-Brexit trade intercourse with UK among others.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-08\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2302\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2302\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2302\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>IGBINI, M. Daniel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OLUKA, N. Lucas<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OHARISI, A. Jeremiah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOba Erediauwa College of Law, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2303\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2303\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2303\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Akinterinwa, B. A. (2020 February 2). Nigeria: Dynamics of Nigerian-British Relations in the Post-Brexit Era- the Challenges of New Anglo-French Rivalry. ThisDay, Lagos, Nigeria. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/202002020004.html<br \/>\r\n[2]. Daily Trust Nigeria. (2020 Februay10). Nigeria: Post Brexit Britain and Nigeria. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/202002100858.html<br \/>\r\n[3]. Edgington, T. (2020 January 31). Brexit: what is the transition period? BBC News. https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brexit<br \/>\r\n[4]. European Union (EU). (2020). The History of the European Union. (April 30). https:\/\/europa.eu\/european-union\/about-eu\/history_en<br \/>\r\n[5]. Gadu, I. (2019 August 24). Brexit opportunities for Nigeria. Daily Trust Nigeria News. https:\/\/www.dailytrust.com.ng\/brexit-opportunities-for-nigeria.html<br \/>\r\n[6]. Gomez-Mejia L. R., &amp; Balkin, D. B. (2005). Management. New York: Irwin McGraw Hill.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Hearne, D., De Ruyter, A., &amp; Davies, H. (2019). The Commonwealth: A Panacea for the UK\u2019s Post-Brexit Trade Ills? Contemporary Social Science, 14 (2), 341-360.<br \/>\r\n[8]. International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2017). Direction of Trade Statistics (Edition: October 2017).<br \/>\r\n[9]. Kohnart, D. (2015). Horse Trading on EU-African Economic Partnership Agreements. Review of African Political Economy, 41 (143), 141-147.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Kohnart, D. (2018). More Equitable Britain-Africa Relations Post-Brexit: Doomed to Fail? In: Africa Spectrum, 53 (2), 119-130.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Mendez-Parra, M., Willem te Velde, D., &amp; LAlan, W. (2016) (ed). The Impacts of the UK\u2019s post-Brexit trade policy on development: An essay series. The UK Trade Policy Observatory (UKTPO), University of Sussex, UK.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Onyekwere, J., Ajeluorou, A., &amp; Olumide, S. (2020). \u2018How Britain\u2019s exit from EU will benefit Nigeria\u2019. Guardian Nigeria News, 31 January. https:\/\/m.guardian.ng\/news\/how-britains-exit-from-eu-will-benefit-nigeria\/<br \/>\r\n[13]. Ottih, L. O. (1997). Management information system: An integrated approach. Owerri, New African Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Oyedoyin, T. (2020). Brexit: Nigeria may benefit from new trade deals, changes in visa requirements, others. Guardian Nigeria News, 2 February. https:\/\/m.guardian.ng\/news\/brexit-nigeria-may-benefit-from-new-trade-deals-changes-in-visa-requirements-others\/<br \/>\r\n[15]. Page, S. (2016). How should developing countries respond to the break between the UK and EU? In M. Mendez-Parra., D. Willem te Velde., &amp; W. LAlan (ed) The Impact of the UK;s post-Brexit trade policy on development; An essay series. The UK Trade Policy Observation (UKTPO), University of Sussex, UK<br \/>\r\n[16]. Polonska-Kimunguyi, E., &amp; Kimunguyi, P. (2018). \u2018Gunboats of soft power\u2019: Boris on Africa and post-Brexit \u2018Global Britain\u2019. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 30 (4), 325-349.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Razzaque, M., &amp; Vickers, B. (2016). Post-Brexit UK-ACP Trading Arrangements: Some Reflections. The Commonwealth Trade Hot Topics, Issue 137, ISSN: 2071-8527 (print) ISSN: 2071-9914 (online), pp. 2-8.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Salaudeen, S. (2020). Britain seeks closer economic ties with Africa following Brexit. CNN Business News, Friday January 31, https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/01\/31\/business\/brexit-uk-africa-inttl\/<br \/>\r\n[19]. Sraders, A. (2018). What is the European Union? Its Purpose, History and How it Looks in 2018. TheStreet, Inc. https:\/\/www.thestreet.com\/politics\/what-is-european-union-14690672<br \/>\r\n[20]. Suess, J. (2019). The UK\u2019s policy towards Africa post-Brexit. Policy Brief, May 7, 2019. Policy Center for the New South. https:\/\/www.policycenter.ma\/sites\/default\/files\/PCNS-PB1719.pdf<br \/>\r\n[21]. Tan, A. (2016 August-November). After the Brexit: Africa economies may be severely affected by Britain\u2019s exit. United Nations African Renewal (UNAR). http:\/\/www.un.org\/africarenwal\/magazine\/august-2016\/africa-after-brexit<br \/>\r\n[22]. Tayo, S. (2019). An Assessment of Britain\u2019s Relations with Nigeria in 2018.Divergent Option on Conflict Studies and Analysis Project, January 17, 2019. https:\/\/divergentoptions.org\/2019\/o1\/17\/an-assessment-of-britains-relations-with-nigeria-in-2018\/<br \/>\r\n[23]. Westcott, N. (2018). Breaking away? The developing world and the future of multilateralism. Africa, Europe and Britain after Brexit. Thematic focus: Beyond Brexit. Great Insights, 7 (3), 11-13.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Willem te Velde, D. (2016). Scenarios for UK trade policy towards developing countries after the vote to leave the EU. In M. Mendez-Parra., D. Willem te Velde &amp; W. LAlen (ed) The Impact of the UK\u2019s post-Brexit trade policy development: An essay series. The UK Trade Policy Observatory (UKTPO), University of Sussex, UK<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2304\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2304\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2304\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">IGBINI, M. Daniel, OLUKA, N. Lucas, OHARISI, A. Jeremiah &#8220;Nigeria and the United Kingdom Diplomatic Relations: The Emerging Issues in the Post-Brexit Era&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.01-08 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/01-08.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2305\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2305\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2305\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/nigeria-and-the-united-kingdom-diplomatic-relations-the-emerging-issues-in-the-post-brexit-era\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nigeria and the United Kingdom Diplomatic Relations: The Emerging Issues in the Post-Brexit Era<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4794f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc4794f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc47a58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc47a58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc47be8\" data-id=\"dc47be8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc47d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc47d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc47db7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc47db7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc47f0a\" data-id=\"dc47f0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc48013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc48013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc480ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc480ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc4821c\" data-id=\"dc4821c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4833b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4833b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc483db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc483db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc4852b\" data-id=\"dc4852b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc48632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc48632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc486d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc486d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc48816\" data-id=\"dc48816\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4891e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4891e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc489b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc489b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc48b06\" data-id=\"dc48b06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc48c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc48c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc48c9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc48c9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc48e18\" data-id=\"dc48e18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc48f26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc48f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Health and Wellness of Workers under Insurgency Condition: A Study of Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Idriss Yusuf, Abdulkarim Umar &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 09-15<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc48fc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc48fc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc49136\" data-id=\"dc49136\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc49264 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc49264\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2301\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2302\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2302\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2303\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2303\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2304\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2304\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2305\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2305\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2306\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2306\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2301\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Health and wellness are concepts which describe the state of wellbeing of an individual. Health and wellness are no doubt, significant elements of concerned for individual in life. The level of health and wellness of individual at a time portray his\/her ability and productivity in an organization or society. Health is more than diet and wealth and a healthy person is regarded as a wealthy person. This paper, therefore, considered issues that are concerned health and wellness such as the meaning of health and wellness, the determinants of health and components of wellness. The objectives of this research are to examine the level of health and wellness of the polytechnic staff, adequacy, effectiveness, and ineffectiveness of the components of wellness. Questionnaires were distributed to sixty staff which were drawn through simple random sampling to form the sample of the study. The data were finally analyzed and found that all most all the components are on a high level except the physical component as justified by the results of the SPSS. From the finding therefore, it was recommended that factors such as recreational centers, housing, transportation. Landscaping, renovation of structures should be done in order to improve on the physical component.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 09-15\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2302\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2302\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2302\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Idriss Yusuf <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of General Studies, The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abdulkarim Umar <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of General Studies, The Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2303\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2303\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2303\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Jadad A.R and O\u2019Grady L. (2008). &#8220;How should health be defined?&#8221;. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.). 337: a2900. PMID 19073663. doi:10.1136\/bmj.a2900.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Giralt X.M. (2010) Principles of Health Economics For non economists, free soft ware foundation USA<br \/>\r\n[3]. Gashaw Andargie (2008) introduction to health economics<br \/>\r\n[4]. Gashaw Andargie (2008) introduction to health economics<br \/>\r\n[5]. Callahan D. (1973). &#8220;The WHO definition of &#8216;health'&#8221;. The Hastings Center Studies. 1 (3): 77\u201387. JSTOR 3527467. doi:10.2307\/3527467.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout 1. D, Smid H. (2011). &#8220;How should we define health?&#8221; (PDF). BMJ. 343: d4163. PMID 21791490. doi:10.1136\/bmj.d4163.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Clement M. and hales D. (1998); How Healthy are we?, parade magazine, sep, 7 1998,4<br \/>\r\n[8]. Payne, W.A. and Hahn D.B. (1998); understanding your health (5th ed.) st.louis wcb\/Mcgrawhill.<br \/>\r\n[9]. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (1984). Health Promotion: a discussion document on concept and principles: summary report of the working group on concepts and principles of health promotion, Copenhagen WHO Office<br \/>\r\n[10]. World Health Organization (2011). Jonathan. The determinants of health. Geneva. Accessed 12 May<br \/>\r\n[11]. Ronald, E.F. Mandersheild W. (2013); A perspective on the development of Healthy people 2020 framework for improving US population Health.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Clement M. and hales D. 91998); How Healthy are we?, parade magazine, sep, 7 1998,4 Wellness interactive; www.stayhealthy.com<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2304\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2304\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2304\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Idriss Yusuf, Abdulkarim Umar &#8220;Health and Wellness of Workers under Insurgency Condition: A Study of Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.09-15 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/09-15.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2305\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2305\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2305\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/09-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2306\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2306\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2306\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/health-and-wellness-of-workers-under-insurgency-condition-a-study-of-federal-polytechnic-damaturu-yobe-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Health and Wellness of Workers under Insurgency Condition: A Study of Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4dcff elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc4dcff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc4de84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc4de84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e078\" data-id=\"dc4e078\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e1cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4e1cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e291 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc4e291\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e41c\" data-id=\"dc4e41c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e557 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4e557\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e61d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc4e61d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e7a5\" data-id=\"dc4e7a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4e8c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4e8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4f50d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4f50d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc4f5a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc4f5a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc4f726\" data-id=\"dc4f726\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4f851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4f851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Production and Evaluation of Weaning Food Made from Mungbean (<i>Vignaradiata<\/i> (L.), Millet and Tigernut (<i>Cyperus Esculentus<\/i>) Flour Blends<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ibeogu, I.H- July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 16-20<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc4f8f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc4f8f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc4fa7f\" data-id=\"dc4fa7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4fbb8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc4fbb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated production and evaluation of weaning food made from mungbean, millet and tigernut flour blends. The proximate and functional of the samples were evaluated using standard procedures. The result of moisture (8.03 to 10.04 %), fat (5.41 to 11.15 %), protein (17.00 to 20.52 %), fibre (3.04 to 4.01 %), ash (2.09 to 2.43 %) and carbohydrate content (53.87 to 61.33 %) of the food samples were significantly different (P&lt;0.05). Fat, protein, fibre and ash content of the food samples increased with increase in the flour blends. The result of functional properties of the samples, water absorption capacity (147.01 to 150.2 g\/g), swelling capacity (8.41 to 11.51 %), bulk density (0.65 to 0.78 g\/cm3) and wettability (7.30 to 9.10 %) were also significantly different (P&lt;0.05). The sensory properties of the samples were highly rated by the panellists though there were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) among the formulated food. Sample with 50% mung bean, 20 % millet and 30 % tigernut flour recorded the highest value and was best accepted by the panelist. The result showed that weaning food of high nutritional value can be made from blends of mung bean, millet and tigernut flour.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 16-20\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibeogu, I.H<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abbey, B.W and Ibeh, G.O (1998). Functional Properties of Raw and Heat-treated Cowpea (Vigna unguculata Walp) flour. J. Fd. Sci 53: 1775-1777.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Adeyeye EI, Aye PA (1998). The effect of sample preparation on proximate composition and the functional properties of African yam bean flours. Note 1 La Rivista Italiana Della Sostanze Grasse, LXXV- Maggio. pp. 253-261.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Agunbiade, S.O and Ojezele, M.O. (2010). Qality Evaluation of instant Breakfast cereals Fabricated from Maize sorghum soybean and Afriacan yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa). W. J. Dairy and Fd Sci, 5(1): 67-72.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Alobo, A.P., Ogbogo, P.O. (2007). Selected properties of tigernut starch as affected by physical and chemical modification. Proceedings of the 31st Annual NIFST Conference, Abuja, Nigeria. 22-25th October 2007.<br \/>\r\n[5]. AOAC (2010). Official methods of Analysis of Association of Analytical Chemists, 18th ed., published by AOAC International, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Bartova V, Barta J (2009). Chemical composition and nutritional value of protein concentrates isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) fruit juice by precipitation with ethanol or ferric chloride. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 57(19): 9028-9034.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Chavallier, A. (1996). The encyclopidia of medicinal plants. Dorling Kindersley, London. Cameroon, M., Hofvander, Y. (1971). Manual on feeding infants and young children PAG Document, 14, 25-26.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Ihekoronye, A. I. and Ngoddy, P. O. (1985). Integrated Food Science and Technology for the tropics. Mcmillan Education Limited, London. pp. 236 &#8211; 276.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Kidane G, Abegaz K, Mulugeta A, Singh P (2013). Nutritional analysis of vitamin A enriched bread from orange flesh sweet potato and locally available wheat flours at Samre Woreda, Northern Ethiopia. J. Current. Nutr. Food. Sci. 1(1): 49-57.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Mbaeyi, I.E. (2005). Production and evaluation of breakfast cereal using pigeon-pea (Cajanus cajan) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) An M.Sc. Thesis Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Ogbo F.A., Agho K., Ogeleka P., Woolfenden S., Page A., Eastwood J. (2017). Infant feeding practices and diarrhoea in sub-Saharan African countries with high diarrhoea mortality. PLoS ONE 12 (2) : e0171792. h t t p s : \/ \/ d o i . o r g \/ 1 0 . 1 3 7 1 \/ journal.pone.0171792<br \/>\r\n[12]. Ojinnaka, M. C., Ebinyasi, C. S., Ihemeje, A. and Okorie, S. U. (2013). Nutritional Evaluation of Complementary Food Gruels Formulated from Blends of Soybean Flour and Ginger Modified Cocoyam Starch. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 5(10): 13251330<br \/>\r\n[13]. Okpala, L.C. and Ekwueme, E.H. (2017). Effect of pigeon pea processing on the nutritional quality of weaning foods made from blends of fermented rice, pigeon pea and sweet potato flour blends. Proceedings of the International conference on food security and hidden hunger. Pp. 8-11<br \/>\r\n[14]. Oladele, A.K., Aina, J.O. (2007). Chemical composition and functional properties of flour from two varieties of tigernut (Cyperusesculentus). Afri J Biotech, 6(21), 2474-2476. Protein Advisory Group (PAG) Guide. (1972). Guideline on protein \u2013 rich mixture for use as weaning food. New York: United Nations.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Singh U (2001). Functional properties of grain legume flours. J. Food Sci. Technol. 38:191-199.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Temesgen L, Abebe H, Tigist F (2015). Production and quality evaluation of cookies enriched with \u03b2-carotene by blending orange-fleshed sweet potato and wheat flours for alleviation of nutritional insecurity. Intern. J. Food. Sci. Nutr. Eng. 5 (5): 209-217<br \/>\r\n[17]. Ukpabi, U.J. and Ndimele, C. (1990). Evaluation of the quanlity of gari produced in Imo State, Nigeria. Nig.Fd. J. 8: 105-110.<br \/>\r\n[18]. USDA (2012). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2012. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 25. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page, http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ba\/bhnrc\/ndl<br \/>\r\n[19]. WHO (2006). Working together for health. Geneva WHO. World health statistics.World. Journal of Nutrition, 134: 2678 &#8211; 2684.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ibeogu, I.H &#8220;Production and Evaluation of Weaning Food Made from Mungbean (<i>Vignaradiata<\/i> (L.), Millet and Tigernut (<i>Cyperus Esculentus<\/i>) Flour Blends&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.16-20 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/16-20.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/16-20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/production-and-evaluation-of-weaning-food-made-from-mungbean-vignaradiata-l-millet-and-tigernut-cyperus-esculentus-flour-blends\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Production and Evaluation of Weaning Food Made from Mungbean (<i>Vignaradiata<\/i> (L.), Millet and Tigernut (<i>Cyperus Esculentus<\/i>) Flour Blends<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc514ef elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc514ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc515e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc515e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5177b\" data-id=\"dc5177b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc518a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc518a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5194a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5194a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc51adb\" data-id=\"dc51adb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc51c05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc51c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Testing Efficiency in Weak Form of Indian Banking Industry<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Meenu Baliyan, Punjika Rathi &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 21-26<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc51caa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc51caa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc51e28\" data-id=\"dc51e28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc51f6d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc51f6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The reflections of any type of information on the stock prices are known as Capital market Efficiency. In this research paper researcher has tried discover the different type of capital market efficiency that Indian stock markets survive. Market efficient in three forms i.e. weak, semi strong and strong. The prospect of investors regarding future cash flows are Market efficiency talks about the accuracy and speed with which the market reflect the prospects into prices reflected in share prices. Hence investor can accordingly plan its approach of investment analysis.<br \/>\r\nResearchers have taken 3 months data to study the stock market prices of top players of banking industry of the India. Study tried to check the dependency between the stock market prices and information. Study is based on secondary data taken from stock market and it try to explore the relation of information and fluctuation in stock prices.<br \/>\r\nThis paper would test the type of efficiency of Indian banking industry and its results could be applied for further portfolio management practices.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 21-26\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Meenu Baliyan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor (MBA Dept), IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Punjika Rathi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor (MBA Dept), IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Al-Loughani N. &amp; Chappell D. ,On the validity of the weak-form efficient markets hypothesis applied to the London stock exchange, Applied Financial Economics, Volume 7, Issue 2,pages 173-176<br \/>\r\n[2]. Ashutosh Verma, The study of the weak form informational efficiency in Bombay Stock Market, Finance India, 19(4), (2005), 1421.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Chaudhuri S.K.(1991) , Short-run Share Price Behaviour: New Evidence on Weak Form of Market Efficiency<br \/>\r\n[4]. Cumhur Buguk and B Wade Brorsen (2003)Testing weak-form market efficiency: Evidence from the Istanbul Stock Exchange. International Review of Financial Analysis,Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 579\u2013590<br \/>\r\n[5]. Gupta, R., &amp; Basu, P. K. (2011). Weak form efficiency in Indian stock markets.International Business &amp; Economics Research Journal (IBER), 6(3).<br \/>\r\n[6]. Islam, A. and Khaled, M. (2005), Tests of Weak-Form Efficiency of the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Journal of Business Finance &amp; Accounting, 32: 1613\u20131624.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Khan, A. Q., Ikram, S., &amp; Mehtab, M. (2011). Testing weak form market efficiency of Indian capital market: A case of national stock exchange (NSE) and Bombay stock exchange (BSE). African Journal of Marketing Management,3(6), 115-127.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Mishra P.K. (2010), Indian Capital Market \u2013 Revisiting Market Efficiency<br \/>\r\n[9]. Moustafa M.A., Testing the Weak-Form Efficiency of the United Arab Emirates Stock Market , International journal of business, 9(3),<br \/>\r\n[10]. Olowe, R. A. (1999). Weak form efficiency of the Nigerian stock market: further evidence. African Development Review, 11(1), 54-68<br \/>\r\n[11]. Patel, N. R., Radadia, N., &amp; Dhawan, J. (2012). An empirical study on weak-form of market efficiency of selected Asian stock markets. Journal of Applied Finance &amp; Banking, 2(2), 98-148.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Poshakwale, S. (1996). Evidence on weak form efficiency and day of the week effect in the Indian stock market. Finance India, 10(3), 605-616.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Rao, Krishna N (1988). &#8220;Stock Market Efficiency: The Indian Experience,&#8221; Proceedings of National Seminar on Indian Securities Market: Thrust and Challenges (March 24-26,1988), University of Delhi.<br \/>\r\n[14]. S.Kevin , Eleventh Edition (2012), \u201cSecurity Analysis and Portfolio Management\u201d, Ashok K. Ghosh , Connaught Circus , New Delhi- 110001.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Sharma, G. D., &amp; Mahendru, M. (2009). Efficiency Hypothesis of the Stock Markets: A Case of Indian Securities. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(3), P136.<br \/>\r\n[16]. www.nse.com<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Meenu Baliyan, Punjika Rathi &#8220;Testing Efficiency in Weak Form of Indian Banking Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.21-26 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/21-26.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/21-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/testing-efficiency-in-weak-form-of-indian-banking-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Testing Efficiency in Weak Form of Indian Banking Industry<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc52dd8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc52dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc52ec8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc52ec8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5306d\" data-id=\"dc5306d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5319c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc5319c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc53244 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc53244\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc53393\" data-id=\"dc53393\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc534bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc534bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc53c8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc53c8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc53e9c\" data-id=\"dc53e9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc53fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc53fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5407a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5407a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc541e3\" data-id=\"dc541e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc542f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc542f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc54393 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc54393\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc544e2\" data-id=\"dc544e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc545f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc545f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc54690 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc54690\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc547fe\" data-id=\"dc547fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc54916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc54916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Coronavirus: A Social Science Explanation; Measuring the Social and Economic Impact of Lockdown in Bangladesh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mahabuba Uddin &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 27-32<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc549b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc549b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc54b0e\" data-id=\"dc54b0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc54c25 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc54c25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This is a qualitative study of the impact of Coronavirus lockdown in Bangladesh. Along with the global epidemic, Covid 19, Bangladesh is experiencing a social change with religious threshold and an unprecedented economic crisis. This paper tries to write about the social and economic impact of Coronavirus in Bangladesh. To get a wider description, author has interviewed around 60 people from different professions located mostly in Dhaka and some nearby districts. This paper is arranged in three sections in narrating the impact of Coronavirus in Bangladesh. First part deals with the social impact with religious reasoning, second part is about the overall economic impact and last part comes with some suggestions of how to recover the crisis twisted with environmental connotation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 27-32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mahabuba Uddin<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banghabandhu Skeikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj- 8100, Bangladesh<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. WHO(World Health Organization): Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports.2020.https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus2019\/situationreports\/. Retrieved 20 May2020.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Choudhury S. R. (2020). The coronavirus outbreak is crushing Bangladesh\u2018s garment export with growing order cancellations. PUBLISHED FRI, MAR 27 20204:22 AM EDT https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/03\/27\/coronavirus-bangladesh-garment-sector-facesgrowing-order-cancellations.html<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mahabuba Uddin &#8220;Coronavirus: A Social Science Explanation; Measuring the Social and Economic Impact of Lockdown in Bangladesh&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.27-32 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/27-32.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/27-32.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/coronavirus-a-social-science-explanation-measuring-the-social-and-economic-impact-of-lockdown-in-bangladesh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coronavirus: A Social Science Explanation; Measuring the Social and Economic Impact of Lockdown in Bangladesh<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc55bd5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc55bd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc55ced elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc55ced\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc55e79\" data-id=\"dc55e79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc55f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc55f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5603b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5603b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5619b\" data-id=\"dc5619b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc562a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc562a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5633c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5633c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5648b\" data-id=\"dc5648b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc56597 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc56597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5662f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5662f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc56770\" data-id=\"dc56770\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5689d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc5689d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc56943 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc56943\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc56a8b\" data-id=\"dc56a8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc56b98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc56b98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc56c34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc56c34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc56d7b\" data-id=\"dc56d7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc56e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc56e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc56f12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc56f12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5705a\" data-id=\"dc5705a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc57167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc57167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc571fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc571fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc57361\" data-id=\"dc57361\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5746b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc5746b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Dive into the Challenges of Community-Led Total Sanitation [CLTS] in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Oluwatuyi Shegun Victor, Ogunyemi Kayode Michael, Sam-Ijadele Oluwakemi Ifedayo, Dada Olawumi Abiodun, Bello Mojisola, Agbele Tolulope Alaba, Olusuyi Abimbola M &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 33-37<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc57511 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc57511\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5767b\" data-id=\"dc5767b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc577ac elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc577ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a modern tool that has proven to be effective in improving sanitation in many countries. It is a self-realizing approach adopted by the community members to stop open defecation (OD) and promote a feces free environment. Nigeria has adopted CLTS which has been scaled up to some remote areas but significant challenges exist which should serve as a point of evaluation and possible areas of improvement for the Nigeria Government, hence, the need for this article. The methodology adopted was on content analysis of secondary data through a comprehensive search using electronic databases. Related published articles (2010-2020) were reviewed from Web of Science, PubMed, Publon, goggle scholar and Researchgate databases. Related documents with in-depth analysis of CLTS problems in Nigeria were also considered. This review identifies some challenges of CLTS in Nigeria ranging from Socio-cultural factors Over-dependence on subsidy, Population, Literacy, untrained personnel among others. Government\u2019s commitment by grooming of skilled facilitator, building of stakeholdership, collaboration of the public health sector and empowerments of Health Institutions to scale up CLST program to remote communities should be considered. Other areas for further reviews were also identified.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 33-37\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwatuyi Shegun Victor<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogunyemi Kayode Michael<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sam-Ijadele Oluwakemi Ifedayo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dada Olawumi Abiodun<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bello Mojisola<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agbele Tolulope Alaba<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olusuyi Abimbola M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Kamal Kar. Subsidy or self-respect? Participatory total community sanitation in Bangladesh. IDS Working Paper 184. Sept. 2003.<br \/>\r\n[2]. World Bank. Submission to the UK House of Commons International Development Committee Report on Sanitation and Water. April 2007.http:\/\/www.publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm200607\/cmselect\/cmintdev\/126\/12602.htm<br \/>\r\n[3]. Kamal Kar and Petra Bongartz. Update on Some Recent Developments in Community-Led Total Sanitation. April 2006.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) Sanitation and Hygiene Series. From Burden to Communal Responsibility: A Sanitation Success Story from Southern Region in Ethiopia. Jan.2007.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Robert Chambers and John Thompson, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. Submission to the UK House of Commons International Development Committee Report on Sanitation and Water, April 2007.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Kar references, above, plus: Petra Bongartz. Favourable and unfavourable conditions for Community Led Total Sanitation (draft). Feb. 2007 http:\/\/www.livelihoods.org\/post\/CLTS_postit.htm<br \/>\r\n[7]. All data and information in this section from: Dr Salma Burton. Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS): An Evaluation of the Water Aid\u2019s CLTS Programme in Nigeria. Aug. 2007.<br \/>\r\n[8]. The National Task Group on Sanitation coordinates sanitation programming in the country. Its membership includes key government ministries and agencies involved in sanitation(including federal ministries responsible for water, the environment, health and education),NEWSAN (Nigeria\u2019s umbrella organization of NGOs involved in the sector) as well as UNICEF, WaterAid, the European Commission and other external support agencies.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oluwatuyi Shegun Victor, Ogunyemi Kayode Michael, Sam-Ijadele Oluwakemi Ifedayo, Dada Olawumi Abiodun, Bello Mojisola, Agbele Tolulope Alaba, Olusuyi Abimbola M &#8220;A Dive into the Challenges of Community-Led Total Sanitation [CLTS] in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.33-37 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/33-37.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/33-37.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-dive-into-the-challenges-of-community-led-total-sanitation-clts-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Dive into the Challenges of Community-Led Total Sanitation [CLTS] in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5e09d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc5e09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f1f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc5f1f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f28c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5f28c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f3d1\" data-id=\"dc5f3d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f4dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc5f4dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f580 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5f580\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f6e9\" data-id=\"dc5f6e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f7fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc5f7fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Modelling and Optimization Mechanism of <i>Bougainvillea glabra<\/i> Flower Extracton Zinc in 2 M Aqueous HCl using Response Surface Methodology<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>L. N. Emembolu, O.D. Onukwuli, V.N. Okafor &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 38-44<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc5f8a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc5f8a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc5fa14\" data-id=\"dc5fa14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc5fb7c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc5fb7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Modeling and Optimization mechanism of flower extract of Bougainvillea glabra (GBF) on inhibition of zinc corrosion in 2 M aqueous HCL was studied using weight loss and Response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of temperature (303 -343K), time (2\u201310 hr), acid concentration (1.0 \u2013 3.0 mols), and inhibitor concentration (0.2 \u2013 1.0g\/l) on inhibition efficiency was carried out using Response Surface Methodology. The rate of corrosion of zinc in aqueous acid solution was successfully hindered by BFE. The predicted values was validated by applying the optimum settings of 0.025g\/l inhibitor concentration, time of 6.250 hr and temperature of 313K. The predicted model was quiet in agreement with the obtained experimental data of 87.23%. The activities of BFE as readily available, low cost and as good corrosioe n inhibitor of zinc in acid media was shown is this study.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 38-44\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>L. N. Emembolu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O.D. Onukwuli<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>V.N. Okafor<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. Uppal, M. M. &amp; Bhatia, S. C., (2009). Engineering chemistry (chemical technology), Khanna publishers, New Delhi, 7th edition, 269-308.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Punita Mourya, Sitashree Banerjee, &amp; Singh, M.M., (2014), Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solution by Tagetes erecta (Marigold flower) extracts as a green inhibitor, corrosion Science, 85, 352-363.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Loveth N. Emembolu*, Dominic O. Onukwuli, Corrosion Inhibitive Efficacy of Natural Plant Extracts on Zinc in 0.5 M HCl Solution, The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 2019, 6(2):62-70<br \/>\r\n[4]. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bougainvillea glabra<br \/>\r\n[5]. Herborne JB (1973) Phytochemical Methods. 3rd edn. London, Chapman and Hall Ltd., pp: 135-203.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Odeja O, Obi G, Ogwuche CE, Elemike E E, Oderinlo Y, (2016), Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of Senna occidentalis (L.) Leaves Extract. Journal of Clinical Phytoscience 2, 13.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Okwu DE, Josiah C (2001) Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of indigenous species and flavouring agents. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science 7, 455-459.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Sofowara A (1993) Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa, Ibadan, Nigeria. Spectrum Book.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Tanvir R, Nawaz R, Zaidi AA, Ruby S, (1994,) Phytochemical Screening of Medicinal Plants belonging to Euphoribiaceae Pak. Veterinary Journal 1, 160-162.<br \/>\r\n[10]. L. N. Emembolu, O. D. Onukwuli, V. N. Okafor, Characterization and Optimization study of Epiphyllum oxypetalum extract as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 3 M H2SO4 solutions, WSN, 145, (2020), 256-273<br \/>\r\n[11]. Nkuzinna O.C, Menkiti M.C., Onukwuli O.D., Mbah G.O., Okolo B.I., Egbujor M.C., Government R.M., (2014), Application of factorial design of experiment for Optimization of inhibition effect of acid extract of Gnetium Africana on copper corrosion, Natural resources, 5, 299- 307<br \/>\r\n[12]. Odejobi Oludare J., Akinbulumo Olatunde A., (2019), Modelingand optimization of the inhibition efficiency of euphorbia heterophylla extracts based corrosion inhibitor \u043ef mild steel corrosion in HCl media using \u0430 response surface methodology, Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy,54(1), 217-232<br \/>\r\n[13]. Olawale, O, Bello. Josiah.Olatunde. Ogundipe, Samson.Julius and Abayomi, Tunbosun. Siji and Ogunsemi, B.T, Ikubanni P.P, (2018),Optimization and modelling of aluminium corrosion inhibition using almond (prunus amydgdalus) fruit leaves extract as green inhibitor in HCl acidic medium, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(13), 1274\u20131285, Article ID: IJMET_09_13_12<br \/>\r\n[14]. Omoruwou F., Okewale A.O. and Owabor C.N., (2017), Statistical Analysis of Corrosion Inhibition of Water Hyacinth on Mild Steel in an Acidic Medium, J Environ Anal Toxicol, 7(4), DOI: 10.4172\/2161-0525.1000481<br \/>\r\n[15]. O. Olawale, J.O. Bello, B.T. Ogunsemi, U.C. Uchella, A.P. Oluyori, N.K. Oladejo, (2019),Optimization of chicken nail extracts as corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 2M H2SO4, Heliyon, 5, e02821<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">L. N. Emembolu, O.D. Onukwuli, V.N. Okafor, &#8220;Modelling and Optimization Mechanism of <i>Bougainvillea glabra<\/i> Flower Extracton Zinc in 2 M Aqueous HCl using Response Surface Methodology&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.38-44 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/38-44.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/38-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/modelling-and-optimization-mechanism-of-bougainvillea-glabra-flower-extracton-zinc-in-2-m-aqueous-hcl-using-response-surface-methodology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modelling and Optimization Mechanism of <i>Bougainvillea glabra<\/i> Flower Extracton Zinc in 2 M Aqueous HCl using Response Surface Methodology<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc61f95 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc61f95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc620a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc620a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc62269\" data-id=\"dc62269\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc623ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc623ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6245f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6245f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc625b3\" data-id=\"dc625b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc626bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc626bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc62766 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc62766\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc628b8\" data-id=\"dc628b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc629c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc629c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc62a5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc62a5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc62ba9\" data-id=\"dc62ba9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc62cb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc62cb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc62d4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc62d4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc62e8b\" data-id=\"dc62e8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc62f96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc62f96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc63038 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc63038\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6317a\" data-id=\"dc6317a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc63279 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc63279\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6331c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6331c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc63466\" data-id=\"dc63466\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6356a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc6356a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc63600 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc63600\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc63765\" data-id=\"dc63765\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc63884 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc63884\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Indoor Radon Concentration and Ventilation Rate in Some Elementary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Emmanuel Akinbami Oyelade, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, Olufisayo Olalekan Awe, Kalid Abayomi Bello, Victor Shegun Oluwatuyi &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 45-48<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc63926 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc63926\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc63aa5\" data-id=\"dc63aa5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc63bd8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc63bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Introduction: This study aimed to find the correlation between indoor radon concentration and ventilation rate in some selected elementary schools in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. The schools and the rooms were selected on the basis of different natural ventilation conditions.<br \/>\r\nMaterials and methods: The measurements of indoor radon concentrations were performed by using a passive diffusion cup technique fitted with CR-39 detectors. The values of indoor radon concentration vary from 103 Bq\/m3 to 362 Bq\/m3 with an average value of 196 Bq\/m3. However, the value of effective dose ranged between 0.65 mSvy-1 and 2.28 mSvy-1, with an average value of 0.45 mSvy-1. The approximate natural ventilations rates of the selected rooms were calculated using ventilation formulae. The measurements were aimed to investigate the effect of ventilation rate on indoor radon concentration.<br \/>\r\nResults: The results of the present study indicate that there is a high correlation between radon concentration and ventilation rate. Ventilation rate is inversely proportional to indoor radon concentration. By and large, all the results of indoor radon concentration are found to be lower than the recommended action level (1000 \u2013 1500 Bq\/m3) for workplaces by the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP). Also, the values of the effective dose levels are found to be lower than the average value of 10 mSvy-1.<br \/>\r\nConclusion: Radon concentration is expected to be higher during the cold season when ventilation would be low. Therefore, there is need to improve on ventilation and other means of mitigation in some classrooms where radon concentrations were relatively high.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 45-48\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Akinbami Oyelade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alaba Tolulope Agbele<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran<br \/>\r\nDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olufisayo Olalekan Awe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Basic Sciences (Physics Electronics Unit), Babcock University Ilishan Remo, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kalid Abayomi Bello<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Victor Shegun Oluwatuyi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. Environmental PU. Agency (2003). EPA assessment of risks from radon in homes. EPA 402-R-03-003. Washington.<br \/>\r\n[2]. World Health Organization (2009). WHO handbook on indoor radon: a public health perspective: World Health Organization.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Synnott H, Fennell S, Pollard D, Colgan P, Hanley O, O&#8217;Colmain M, et al., (2004). Radon in Irish primary and post-primary schools. The results of a national survey. Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Obed R, Oyelade E, Lateef H., (2018). Indoor radon levels in some selected nursery and primary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of radiation research and applied sciences. 2018;11(4): p.379-382.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Okunlola O, Adeigbe O, Oluwatoke O., (2009). Compositional and petrogenetic features of schistose rocks of Ibadan Area, southwestern Nigeria. Earth Sciences Research Journal. 2009;13(2): p.119-133.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Olayinka A, Olayiwola M., (2001). Integrated use of geoelectrical imaging and hydrochemical methods in delineating limits of polluted surface and groundwater at a landfill site in Ibadan area, southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology. 2001;37(1): p. 53-68.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Barescut J, Lariviere D, Stocki T, Chang B, Kim Y, Song M, et al., (2011). Measurement of indoor radon concentration and actual effective dose estimation of schools at high radon area in Korea. Radioprotection. 2011;46(6):S91-S.<br \/>\r\n[8]. McQuiston FC, Parker JD, Spitler JD., (2004). Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning: analysis and design: John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2004.<br \/>\r\n[9]. International Commission on radiological Protection ICRP., (2014). Radiological protection against radon exposure, ICRP Publication 126. Ann ICRP. 2014;43(3).<br \/>\r\n[10]. Wallace L, Ott W., (1996). Air exchange rate experiments in a detached house using a continuous monitor. An Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis and the International Society of Exposure Analysis, New Orleans, LA 1996.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Ashok G, Nagaiah N, Shiva Prasad N., (2012). Indoor radon concentration and its possible dependence on ventilation rate and flooring type. Radiation protection dosimetry. 2012;148(1):92-100.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Emmanuel Akinbami Oyelade, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, Olufisayo Olalekan Awe, Kalid Abayomi Bello, Victor Shegun Oluwatuyi &#8220;Indoor Radon Concentration and Ventilation Rate in Some Elementary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp. 45-48 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/45-48.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/45-48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/indoor-radon-concentration-and-ventilation-rate-in-some-elementary-schools-in-ibadan-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Indoor Radon Concentration and Ventilation Rate in Some Elementary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc676cb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc676cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc677af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc677af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc67958\" data-id=\"dc67958\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc67a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc67a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc67b4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc67b4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc67cac\" data-id=\"dc67cac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc67dd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc67dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc67e84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc67e84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc67fd7\" data-id=\"dc67fd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc680eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc680eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc68193 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc68193\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc682ee\" data-id=\"dc682ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc68406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc68406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc684a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc684a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc68603\" data-id=\"dc68603\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc68711 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc68711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc687ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc687ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6894a\" data-id=\"dc6894a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc68a8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc68a8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc68b3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc68b3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc68c8f\" data-id=\"dc68c8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc68de4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc68de4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc68e8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc68e8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6900a\" data-id=\"dc6900a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc69151 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc69151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sonographic Assessment of Renal Dimensions in Hypertensives as Compared to Normotensive Adults in a Black African Population<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Madubueze George Ajana, Madukaife Victoria Obianuju, Eweputanna Lisa Ifeyinwa &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 49-54<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc69200 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc69200\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc69377\" data-id=\"dc69377\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc694b0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc694b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Introduction: Hypertension is a sustained systolic blood pressure greater than 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90mmHg in patients. The kidneys play a central role in the control of high blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, renovascular changes of myointimal hyperplasia in the intrarenal arteries may cause increase in renal arterial impedance, reduction in renal length and cortical thickness may be noted in prolonged hypertension, and eventually cause irreversible hypertensive nephropathy .<br \/>\r\nThe early detection of these renal changes using ultrasonography can provide opportunity for immediate intervention towards preventing or at least delaying the irreversible hypertensive nephropathy.<br \/>\r\nAims and objectives: To determine and compare the renal length and cortical thickness in both healthy normotensive and hypertensive adults at St. Nicholas Hospital Lagos.<br \/>\r\nMaterials and methods: A prospective comparative study of renal dimensions using ultrasound in 75 hypertensive and 75 normotensive control adults at St. Nicholas Hospital Lagos was conducted. Measurement of renal length and renal cortical thickness were done with the patient in supine and prone positions. The data was analysed with the aid of computer based SPSS 20.0 software for windows.<br \/>\r\nResults: There were 75 hypertensives and 75 normotensive subjects, their ages ranged between 35 and 80 years. The mean renal lengths were10.17 \u00b1 0.65cm and 10.44 \u00b1 0.72cm and the mean renal cortical thicknesses were 0.91 \u00b1 1.49cm and 0.95 \u00b1 1.51cm on the right and left sides, respectively in normotensive control subjects while those of hypertensive subjects were 9.61 \u00b1 0.43cm and 9.82 \u00b1 0.38cm for mean renal lengths, 0.82 \u00b1 0.71cm and 0.84 \u00b1 0.29cm for the cortical thickness, on the right and left sides respectively.<br \/>\r\nConclusion: The renal dimensions were slightly higher in normotensives, when compared with the hypertensive subjects.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 49-54\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Madubueze George Ajana<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt. Nicholas Hospital Lagos Island Lagos State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Otuka OAI<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nOphthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, Teaching Hospital, Abia State University, Aba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Madukaife Victoria Obianuju<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Port -Harcourt Teaching Hospital Rivers State Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eweputanna Lisa Ifeyinwa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAbia State University Teaching Hospital Aba Abia State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Anil KB, Karen AG. Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Renal Damage. Hypertension: 2004;44: 595-601.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Okoye IJ, Agwu KK, Idigo FU. Normal sonographic renal length in adult southeast Nigerian. Afri J Med. Sci. 2005; 34: 129-131.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Adebayo SB, Alebiosu CO, Awosanya GOG. Correlation of sonographically measured renal sizes with demographic parameters in Nigerian Adults. Nigerian Hospital practice 2009; 4(2): 45-48.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Buchholz NP, Abbas F, Biyabani SR, Afzal M, Javed Q. Rizvi I, et al. Ultrasonographic renal size in individuals without known renal disease. J Pak Med Assoc.2000; 50(1):12-16.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Barton EN, West WN, Sargeant LA. Sonographic study of Kidney dimensions in a sample of healthy Jamaicans. West Indian Med J 2000; 49(2): 154-157.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Brandl TD, Neiman HL, Dragowski MJ, Bulawa W, Claykamp G. Ultrasound measurement of normal renal dimensions. J Ultrasound Med 1982; 1(2): 49-52.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Emanian SA, Nielsen MB, Pedersen IF. Kidney dimensions at songraphy. Correlation with age, sex, and habitus in 665 adults volunteers. Am J Roentgenol 1993; 160: 83-84.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Ukoha UU, Anibueze CIP, Akpuaka FC, Mgbor SO. Kidneys parameters and age structure among South east Nigeria. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy 2002; 1:19-21.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Raman GV, Anthony C, Sara C, Lynn W, Clive O. Is blood pressure related to kidney size and shape? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 728-730.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Ryan S, Nicholas MM, Eustace S. The Kidney In: Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging. 2nd Edition. Elsevier Limited 2004; 191-192.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 2007; 1(9): 24-27.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Okoye IJ, Agwu KK, Eze CU. Relationship between sonographic renal length and renal parenchymal thickness in normal adult in South Eastern Nigeria, West African Journal of Medicine 2006; 25: 231-234.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Adibi A, Emami AN, Salehi H, Matinpour M. Renal cortical thickness in adults with normal renal function measured by ultrasonography. Iran J radiol 2008; 5:3-8.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Adedeji AE, Victor AA, Abiodun OA, Olusegun TA, Anthony OA, Olugbenga OA. Evaluation of renal volume by ultrasonography in patients with essential hypertensionin Ile-Ife, south western Nigeria, Libyan J med 2010;5: 4848<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Madubueze George Ajana, Madukaife Victoria Obianuju, Eweputanna Lisa Ifeyinwa &#8220;Sonographic Assessment of Renal Dimensions in Hypertensives as Compared to Normotensive Adults in a Black African Population&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.49-54 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/49-54.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/49-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" 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class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6dd75\" data-id=\"dc6dd75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6de86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc6de86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Students\u2019 Performance in Physics Using Two Teaching Techniques<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Alaba Tolulope Agbele, Emmanuel Akinbami Oyelade, Victor Shegun Oluwatuyi &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 55-59<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6df2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6df2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6e0ac\" data-id=\"dc6e0ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6e1d3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc6e1d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was conducted to assess the best teaching method of Physics in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used primary data which was collected by using \u201cStudents\u2019 Achievement Test\u201d from fifty Senior Secondary School Two (SSS II) students of thirty males and twenty females, who were randomly selected in order to test the performance of students in Physics class. The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics and analytical technique. The researchers formulated and tested for hypotheses at p&lt;0.05 significant level.<br \/>\r\nThe result of the data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the mean score of students taught with collaborative method and traditional method. Results showed that collaborative inquiry method of teaching is far better than the traditional method. The study also revealed that the male students performed better in Physics as a science subject than their female counterparts.<br \/>\r\nThe study thus recommended that students should be engaged in exploring, investigating and answering questions through the use of collaborative inquiry method so as to enhance a better performance in their learning process.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 55-59\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alaba Tolulope Agbele<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Akinbami Oyelade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Victor Shegun Oluwatuyi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public Health (Health Education), College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. McLeod, S., (2007). Maslow&#8217;s hierarchy of needs. Simply psychology, 1, pp.1-8.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Eade, D., (1997). Capacity-building: An approach to people-centred development. Oxfam.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Roseland, M., (2012). Toward sustainable communities: Solutions for citizens and their governments. New Society Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Hart, S.L. and Milstein, M.B., (2003). Creating sustainable value. Academy of Management Perspectives, 17(2), pp.56-67.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Symington, A.J. and Pinelli, J., (2006). Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (2).<br \/>\r\n[6]. McDermott, L.C. and Redish, E.F., (1999). Resource letter: PER-1: Physics education research. American journal of physics, 67(9), pp.755-767.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Henkel, M., (2005). Academic identity and autonomy in a changing policy environment. Higher education, 49(1), pp.155-176.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Appelquist and Shapper (2001): Year 2001 Report on Physics: American Journal of \u201cPhysics for Today\u201d United States of America.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Tuminaro, J. and Redish, E.F., (2004). Understanding students\u2019 poor performance on mathematical problem solving in physics. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 720, No. 1, pp. 113-116). American Institute of Physics.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Brunner, J. S. (1961) \u201cThe Act of Discovery\u201d. Harvard Educational Review 31(1): 21-32<br \/>\r\n[11]. Llewellyn, D (2001). Inquire Within: Implementation of Inquiry-based Science Standards, Corwin Press. Uk<br \/>\r\n[12]. Alao, J. D. (2009). The Concept of ICT in Modern Education<br \/>\r\n[13]. Appelquist and Shapper (2001). Year 2001 Report on Physics: American Journal of \u201cPhysics for Today\u201d United States of America.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Thornton, R. K &amp; Sokoloff, D. R (1998). \u201cAssessing Students Learning of Newton\u2019s laws\u201d: The force and motion conceptual evaluation and the evaluation of active learning laboratory and lecture curricula, American Journal of Physics Pp66:338-352, Washington D.C, Doult Press.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Negata and Ponkowski (1981). \u201cCollaborative Learning Skills\u201d: National Research Council: National Science Education Standards, Washington D. C. National Academy Press.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Miller, Imrie and Cox (2009). The Concept of collaborative Teaching. Essential Research for lasting reform. \u201cJournal of Research in Science Teaching 36(6) p. 631-645<br \/>\r\n[17]. Herr, N. (2008). The source book for Teaching Science: San Francisco, John Bewey Publications.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T and Smith, K. A. (1991). Cooperative Learning: Increasing College Faculty Instructional Productivity. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports N0 4, George Washington University, One Dupont Circle, Suite 630, Washington, DC 20036-1183; 1991.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Rueda, R., Gallego, M.A. and Moll, L.C., (2000). The least restrictive environment: A place or a context?. Remedial and Special Education, 21(2), pp.70-78.<br \/>\r\n[20]. McKeachie, W.J., (1994). Student motivation, cognition, and learning: Essays in honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie. Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Banks, J., Cochran-Smith, M., Moll, L., Richert, A., Zeichner, K., LePage, P., Darling-Hammond, L., Duffy, H. and McDonald, M., (2005). Teaching diverse learners. Preparing teachers for a changing world: What teachers should learn and be able to do, 2005, pp.232-274.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Begley, S (1988). \u201cClosing the gender gap\u201d. New York: III(15) 73<br \/>\r\n[23]. Callas, D., (1993). Differences in mathematics achievement between males and females. Community college review, 21(3), p.62-67.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Alaba Tolulope Agbele, Emmanuel Akinbami Oyelade, Victor Shegun Oluwatuyi &#8220;Assessment of Students\u2019 Performance in Physics Using Two Teaching Techniques&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.55-59 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/55-59.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/55-59.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-students-performance-in-physics-using-two-teaching-techniques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of Students\u2019 Performance in Physics Using Two Teaching Techniques<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f011 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc6f011\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f0dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6f0dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f25e\" data-id=\"dc6f25e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc6f386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f42b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6f42b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f573\" data-id=\"dc6f573\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc6f683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f720 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6f720\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f874\" data-id=\"dc6f874\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6f975 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc6f975\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6fa16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6fa16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc6fb67\" data-id=\"dc6fb67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6fc71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc6fc71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc6fd08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc6fd08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc75d05\" data-id=\"dc75d05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc75eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc75eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Concept of Community: Aristotle\u2019s Perspective<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ignatius Nnaemeka ONWUATUEGWU &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 60-64<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc75f84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc75f84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc76157\" data-id=\"dc76157\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7628f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc7628f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The concept of community differs from one school of thought to another. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of community in accordance with the perspective in which Aristotle postulated the concept. The objectives are not limited to ascertaining the meaning and purpose of community in Aristotle\u2019s perspective, enumerating the birth and formation of community, as well as making a succinct discourse on major elements of a community such as: Man as a political animal, slavery, women, wealth, citizenship, and ruler-ship. In order to attain the objectives stated, the paper will adopt qualitative research methodology. The reliance on qualitative methodology will offer the paper the room to explore contents of peer reviewed literatures and journals which are in relation to the concepts and subject matters of the objectives of this paper. However, the paper will also give room for personal opinion of the writer verified on the basis of comparative studies of relative literatures. This paper finds that the polis (a city-state such as Athens), is the highest form of community, whose aim is the highest of goods. It is also found that the making of a community is not a free-run thing. A community is built from the Families when much families come together in a considerable extent; they tend to form a village, and a combination of several villages would turn to a state, and the state is the first form of community.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 60-64\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ignatius Nnaemeka ONWUATUEGWU<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aristotle. The Politics. Trans. by C.D.C. Reeve. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1998.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Aristotle. The Politics and the Constitution of Athens. (Ed.) by Stephen Everson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Aristotle. \u201cThe Rhetoric\u201d. In Kennedy, G. A. Aristotle on Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse. New York. Oxford University Press, 1991<br \/>\r\n[4]. Ackrill, J. L. Aristotle the Philosopher. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Adler, Mortimer. Aristotle for Everybody: Difficult Thought Made Easy. NY: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1978.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Barnes, Jonathan. Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Barnes, Jonathan, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Guthrie, W.K.C., Aristotle: An Encounter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Robinson, Timothy A. Aristotle in Outline. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1995.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Ross, Sir David. Aristotle. With an introduction by John L. Ackrill. Sixth edition. London: Routledge, 1995.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Thompson, Garrett &amp; Marshall Missner. On Aristotle. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Keyt, D., &amp; Fred Miller, eds. A Companion to Aristotle&#8217;s Politics. London: Blackwell, 1991.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Kraut, Richard. Aristotle: Political Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Miller, Fred. Nature, Justice and Rights in Aristotle&#8217;s Politics. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Mulgan, R.G. Aristotle&#8217;s Political Theory: An Introduction for Students of Political Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Nweke, E. The Philosophy of Aristotle; Enugu: Jonas Prints, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Otuu, P. Philosophy and Sociology, Calabar: Excel Publishers, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Sadau, M. Philosophy, Politics and Civilization. African Journal of Philosophy; 1 (2) 2015<br \/>\r\n[19]. Sheller, M. R. Ancient and Contemporary philosophy; NY: Marble House Publishing Co. Ltd; 2012.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Simpson, Peter, A Philosophical Commentary on the Politics of Aristotle. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ignatius Nnaemeka ONWUATUEGWU &#8220;Concept of Community: Aristotle\u2019s Perspective&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp. 60-64 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/60-64.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/60-64.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/concept-of-community-aristotles-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Concept of Community: Aristotle\u2019s Perspective<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc770c9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc770c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7762e\" data-id=\"dc7762e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc77741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc77741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc777df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc777df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7792b\" data-id=\"dc7792b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc77a33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc77a33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc77acb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc77acb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc77c1c\" data-id=\"dc77c1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc77d21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc77d21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc77db9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc77db9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc77eff\" data-id=\"dc77eff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc781b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc781b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc78275 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc78275\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc78553\" data-id=\"dc78553\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7b31f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7b31f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7b423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7b423\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7b79a\" data-id=\"dc7b79a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7ba4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7ba4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Urban Forestry Contributions to Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Adesokan F.B., Ajekigbe J.M., Onifade A.O. &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 65-69<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7bb28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7bb28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7bda9\" data-id=\"dc7bda9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7bf07 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc7bf07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In developing countries like Nigeria, many of today\u2019s urban poor were yesterday\u2019s rural poor. Among other immediate basic needs, they bring to the cities with them, are fuel wood, low-cost construction materials and other wood products, easily accessible and affordable food and an adequate supply of clean drinking water and water for household use. Not only must their need and those of the people already living there be considered, but also how to fulfill those needs while maintaining or improving the urban environment. Urban forestry offers various potential benefits, including providing the urban poor with some forestry products mitigating the ecological effects of urban sprawl, and improving the living environment in urban areas. The paper therefore affirms that strategy for realizing these benefits have to be developed and planning of urban forestry initiatives should be integrated into the overall urban planning, technical, financial, human, and institutional requirements. The paper finally advocates for the need to encourage public, private partnership for a sustainable urban forest.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 65-69\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adesokan F.B.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Susutainable Forest Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hills, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ajekigbe J.M.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Susutainable Forest Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hills, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onifade A.O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Susutainable Forest Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hills, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Atkinson, A., (2009). Cities and desertification: from definition to action. Paper presented on the World Forum of Mayors on Cities and Desertification Bonn 11-12 June 1999.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Barnes, D.F., Dowd, J., Liu, Q., Krutilla, K., Hyde, W., (2003). &#8220;Urban Energy Transitions, Poverty, and the Environment: Understanding the Role of Urban Household Energy in Developing Countries&#8221;. Draft Report, Industry and Energy Department, World Bank,Washington DC.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Braatz, S., (2003). Urban forestry in developing countries: status and issues, Proceedings of the Sixth National Urban Forestry Conference, Washington D.C.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Carneiro, C.M., (1999). Regional Focal point NFP Latin America, FAO Santiago de Chile, pers. communication.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Chowdhuryy, A.M., (1999). Mayor of City of Chittagoon, Bangladesh, pers. communication.<br \/>\r\n[6]. CityNet, (2008).A practical manual for South-South cooperation. Bangkok.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Croso, H., (1999). Native Forestry Resources, Secretariat of Nature Resources and Sustainable Development, Buenos Aires, personal communication.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), (2006). South Africa&#8217;s Forestry Action Program, Pretoria.<br \/>\r\n[9]. FAO, (2008). Asia and Pacific National Forest Programmes, Update 33, July 1998, RAP Publication 1988\/13, Bangkok.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Gwaze, D. (2001). Policy Coordinator.Forestry Commission, Forest Research Centre, Harare, Zimbawe, pers. communication.<br \/>\r\n[11]. IDB (Inter-American Development Bank), (2007). Good practices for urban greening, Social Programme and Sustainable Development Department, Environment division, Env-109, Washington D.C.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Johnston, M, (2004). \u2018Urban Forestry &#8211; Building Partnerships for Green Cities\u2019, unpublished paper presented at the World Congress, IFPRA, Hong Kong, 7 pp.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Keeling, S., (2008). Forest Industries Branch, Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Australia, pers.communication.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Kuchelmeister G., (1998). Urban green for local needs \u2013 improving quality of life through multipurpose urban forestry in developing countries, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Quality of Life in Cities, 4-6 March 1998, Singapore, Volume 1, pp 181-191.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Lombardo, C.V. (2003). Director Forestry Administration, Panama, pers. communication.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Miller, R. W. (2001). Urban Forestry Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Ndiaye M.L., (1999). Mayor of the City of Lingu\u00e9re, Senegal, pers. communication.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Nilsson, K., Randrup, T.B., (2001). Urban and peri-urban forestry, XI World Forestry Congress 13 to 22 October 1997 Antalya, Turkey, Volume 1, Topic 3.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Okonkwo, M. C., salaudeen, A. B. and Okonkwo, C. N. (2009)An Overview of Community forestry Practices in Nigeria: The Need for Participatory Strategies. Nigerian Journal of Botany.Vol.22(1),43-51.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Profous, G. V. and Loeb, R. E. (2000). \u2018The Legal Protection of Urban Trees: A Comparative World Survey\u2019, Journal of Environmental Law, 2 (2): 179\u2013192.<br \/>\r\n[21]. RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia), (1997). Regional Study on Wood Energy Today and Tomorrow in Asia, Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study, Working Paper Series, Working Paper No: APFSOS\/WP\/34, Forestry Policy and Planning Division, Rome. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Salaudeen, A. B., Okonkwo, M. C. and Adedeji, T. A. (2006).Achieving The Millennium development Goals (MDGs) Using Urban forestry Initiatives (UFI): A Case for Nigeria. In: Adepoju, S. O. and Okunneye, P. B. (Eds), Technology and Agricultural development in Nigeria. Farm Management Association of Nigeria (FAMAN) PP546-549.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Salaudeen, A. B., Abubakar, J. A., Okonkwo, M. C. and Nwakwushe, F. N.(2006).Environmental Management through Forest landscape restoration (FLR) in Nigeria. In: Adepoju, S. O. and Okunneye, P. B. (Eds).Technology and Agricultural development in Nigeria. Farm Management Association of Nigeria (FAMAN).pp 517-520<br \/>\r\n[24]. UN (1991) \u2018World Urbanization Prospects 1990 Estimates and Projections of Urban and Rural Populations and of Urban Agglomerations\u2019 Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. New York, USA.<br \/>\r\n[25]. UNDP, (2008).Urban Agriculture.Food, jobs and sustainable cities, New York. United Nations, 1998.World urbanization prospects: The 1996 revision. New York.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Van der Plas, R., (2005). Burning Charcoal Issues Energy issues, The Wold Bank Group, FTDPD Energy Notes No 1, April 1995 Internet: http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/html\/fpd\/energy\/energynotes\/energy01.html.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adesokan F.B., Ajekigbe J.M., Onifade A.O. &#8220;Assessment of Urban Forestry Contributions to Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.65-69 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/65-69.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/65-69.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7cd39 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc7cd39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7ce28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7ce28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7cf99\" data-id=\"dc7cf99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d0b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7d0b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d15d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7d15d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d2c8\" data-id=\"dc7d2c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d3d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7d3d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d476 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7d476\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d60e\" data-id=\"dc7d60e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7d730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d7d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7d7d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7d931\" data-id=\"dc7d931\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7da45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7da45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7dae0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7dae0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7dc22\" data-id=\"dc7dc22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7e2bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7e2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7e39a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7e39a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7e528\" data-id=\"dc7e528\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7e980 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7e980\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7ea23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7ea23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7eb8b\" data-id=\"dc7eb8b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7eca7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc7eca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Categorization of Food Groups According to Their Composition of Iron, Ascorbate and Calcium: Analysis of the Kenya Food Composition Tables 2018<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Patrick Nyamemba Nyakundi &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 70-73<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7ed48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7ed48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc7eec0\" data-id=\"dc7eec0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7eff1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc7eff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The use of food groups offers a summary that can be used to generate useful dietary patterns. Studying dietary pattern has gained popularity over single nutrient investigation and their relationship with various health conditions. The aim of this paper was to categorize various food groups according to their composition of iron, ascorbate and calcium. Data was obtained from the Kenya Food Composition Tables 2018. Univariate statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS. Food groups with high level of iron were meat and meat products (\u03bc=5.59mg\/100g of EP) and cereals and their products (\u03bc=3.95mg\/100g of EP). Vegetables (\u03bc=38.04 mg\/100g) and fruits (\u03bc=33.55 mg\/100g) were richest in ascorbic acid and milk and milk products in calcium (\u03bc=512.07mg\/100g of EP). The categorization can be used to generate human diet intake scores that could inform dietary patterns for various groups of people to enhance their iron bioavailability and better micronutrient outcomes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 70-73\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Patrick Nyamemba Nyakundi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Alasfoor D, Rajab H, Al-Rassasi B. Food Based Dietary Guidelines: Technical background and description &#8211; Task force for the development and implementation of the Omani Food Based Dietary Guidelines. 2009.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Tapsell LC, Neale EP, Satija A, Hu FB. Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Patterns: Interconnections and Implications for Dietary Guidelines. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2016 May 1 [cited 2020 Apr 17];7(3):445\u201354. Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/advances\/article\/7\/3\/445\/4558132<br \/>\r\n[3]. Jacobs DR, Gross MD, Tapsell LC. Food synergy: An operational concept for understanding nutrition. In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2020 Apr 17]. Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcn\/article-abstract\/89\/5\/1543S\/4596924<br \/>\r\n[4]. Beck KL, Conlon CA, Kruger R, Coad J. Dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency for young women living in industrialized countries: A review. Nutrients. 2014 Sep 19;6(9):3747\u201376.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Murphy SP. Food Composition Data. In: Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2020 Mar 2]. p. 282\u20138. Available from: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/y4705e\/y4705e08.htm<br \/>\r\n[6]. FAO\/GoK. Government of Kenya Food Composition [Internet]. 2018. 254 p. Available from: www.kilimo.go.ke\/wp-content\/&#8230;\/KENYA-FOOD-COMPOSITION-TABLES-2018.pdf<br \/>\r\n[7]. Nelson M, Poulter J. Impact of tea drinking on iron status in the UK\u202f: a review. 2004;43\u201354.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Gulec S, Anderson GJ, Collins JF. Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of intestinal iron absorption. Am J Physiol Liver Physiol [Internet]. 2014 Aug 15 [cited 2019 Apr 18];307(4):G397\u2013409. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24994858<br \/>\r\n[9]. Adole A, Ware. Assessment of breakfast eating habits and its association with cognitive performance of early adolescents (11-13 years) in Shebedino District, Sidama Zone. pdfs.semanticscholar.org [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Jun 30];2(4):130\u20137. Available from: https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/2a7a\/8f21a6a6b99d54e951d75a7dc862e06c1994.pdf<br \/>\r\n[10]. de la Cruz-G\u00f3ngora V, Villalpando S, Shamah-Levy T. Prevalence of anemia and consumption of iron-rich food groups in Mexican children and adolescents: Ensanut MC 2016. Salud Publica Mex. 2018 May 1;60(3):291\u2013300.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Kaufman C. Foods to Fight Iron Deficiency [Internet]. Academy of Nutrition and Diabetics. 2018 [cited 2019 Jun 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.eatright.org\/health\/wellness\/preventing-illness\/iron-deficiency<br \/>\r\n[12]. Healthdirect Australia. Foods high in iron [Internet]. HealthDirect Website. Healthdirect Australia; 2016 [cited 2020 Mar 2]. Available from: https:\/\/www.healthdirect.gov.au\/foods-high-in-iron<br \/>\r\n[13]. Chong KH, Lee ST, Ng SA, Khouw I, Poh BK. Fruit and vegetable intake patterns and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric status and nutrient intake profiles among Malaysian children aged 1\u20136 years. Nutrients [Internet]. 2017 Aug 1 [cited 2020 Mar 5];9(8). Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28758956<br \/>\r\n[14]. Ndagire CT, Muyonga JH, Nakimbugwe D. Fruit and vegetable consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and sedentary behavior among children and adolescent students in Uganda. Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2019 Feb 1 [cited 2020 Mar 5];7(2):599\u2013607. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/fsn3.883<br \/>\r\n[15]. Brabin BJ, Hakimi M, Pelletier D. Consumption of Calcium in the U.S.: Food Sources and Intake Levels. J Nutr. 2001 Aug 1;131(2):604S-615S.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Patrick Nyamemba Nyakundi &#8220;Categorization of Food Groups According to Their Composition of Iron, Ascorbate and Calcium: Analysis of the Kenya Food Composition Tables 2018&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.70-73 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/70-73.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/70-73.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/categorization-of-food-groups-according-to-their-composition-of-iron-ascorbate-and-calcium-analysis-of-the-kenya-food-composition-tables-2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Categorization of Food Groups According to Their Composition of Iron, Ascorbate and Calcium: Analysis of the Kenya Food Composition Tables 2018<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc7fe4b 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elementor-element-dc8026b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8026b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc803b9\" data-id=\"dc803b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc804c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc804c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc80562 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc80562\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc806a4\" data-id=\"dc806a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc807ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc807ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc8084a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8084a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc80997\" data-id=\"dc80997\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc80aa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc80aa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc87527 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc87527\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc876b3\" data-id=\"dc876b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc877d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc877d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc87889 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc87889\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc879f4\" data-id=\"dc879f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc87b01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc87b01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc87b9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc87b9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc87d14\" data-id=\"dc87d14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc87e2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc87e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Threshold Crossings in Data Science and Cybersecurity Professional Development: A Six Week Research Experience for STEM High School Teachers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Joseph Mbogo Wairungu, Faith Maina, Abdul Serwadda &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 74-81<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc87eca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc87eca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc88035\" data-id=\"dc88035\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8816e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc8816e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper explores the experiences of 11 high school STEM teachers learning cybersecurity concepts during a six-week summer Research Experience for Teachers (RET) program. We applied the threshold concept lens to make meaning of the troublesome knowledge that teachers found difficult and how they overcame those difficulties during the data science and cybersecurity professional development. Thresholds are core concepts considered troublesome in learning that, once understood, have a significant impact on the learner&#8217;s mastery of a discipline. The threshold concept theory offers a potential lens on teachers\u2019 learning, focusing on concepts that are troublesome and transformative. The study involved 11 high school teachers\u2014six men and five women\u2014teaching mathematics, chemistry, and physics in grades 9-12. We used naturalistic observation to record teachers\u2019 behavior during their liminal and transformative stages. We found evidence that after the RET program the teachers\u2019 level of interest, perception, confidence, and motivation improved. This was an indicator of a quality transformation, a key concept in threshold crossing.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 74-81\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Mbogo Wairungu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCurriculum and Instruction, Texas Tech University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Faith Maina<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCurriculum and Instruction, Texas Tech University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul Serwadda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nComputer Science, Texas Tech University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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The rise of the data economy: Driving value through the internet of things data monetization.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Orsini-Jones, M. (2008). Troublesome language knowledge: Identifying threshold concepts in grammar learning. In R. Land, J. H. F. Meyer, &amp; J. Smith (Eds.), Threshold Concepts within the Disciplines (pp. 213-226). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Park, E. J. (2015). Impact of teachers\u2019 overcoming experience of threshold concepts in chemistry on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) development. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society, 59 (4), 308-319.<br \/>\r\n[28]. PwC &amp; BHEF (2017). Investing in America\u2019s data science and analytics talent. The case for action.PwC and Business-Higher Education Forum. Retrieved from pwc.com\/us\/dsa-skills<br \/>\r\n[29]. Provost, F., &amp; Fawcett, T. (2013). Data science and its relationship to big data and data-driven decision making. Big Data 1, 1, 51-59<br \/>\r\n[30]. Rowe, D. C, Lunt, B. M, Ekstrom, J. J. (2011). The role of cyber-security in information technology education. In Proceedings of the SIGITE 2011 Conference on Information Technology Education (pp. 113-122). ACM, New York, NY, USA.<br \/>\r\n[31]. Sanders, K, &amp; McCartney, R. (2016). Threshold concepts in computing: Past, present, and future. In Proceedings of the 16th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (pp. 91-100).<br \/>\r\n[32]. Sien, V., and Chong, D. W. K. (2011). Threshold concepts in object-oriented modeling. In 7th Educators&#8217; Symposium at MODELS 2011, (pp.55-64).<br \/>\r\n[33]. Tucker, V. M., Weedman, J., Bruce, C. S., &amp; Edwards, L. S. (2014). Learning portals: Analyzing threshold concept theory for LIS education. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 55 (2),150-165.<br \/>\r\n[34]. Wisker, G. (2010). The good-enough Ph.D.: Crossing thresholds and buildingcommunities.Acta Academica Supplementum,1, 223 \u2013 242.<br \/>\r\n[35]. Wisker, G., Kiley, M. &amp; Masika, R. (2016). Threshold crossings and doctoral education: Learning from the examination of doctoral education. In L. Frick, V. Trafford &amp; M. Fourie-Malherbe (eds.). Being Scholarly: Festschrift in honor of the work of Eli M Bitzer. Stellenbosch (pp.117-124).<br \/>\r\n[36]. Yeomans, L., Zschaler, S., &amp; Coate, K. (2018). Transformative and troublesome? Students\u2019 and professional programmers\u2019 perspectives on difficult concepts in programming.ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 1, (1), 1-27<br \/>\r\n[37]. Zwaneveld, B., Perrenet, J., &amp; Bloo, R. (2016). Discussion of methods for threshold research and an application in computer science. In R. Land, J. Meyer, and M. Flanagan (eds.), Threshold Concepts in Practice, 269-284. Leiden, The Netherlands: Sense<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Mbogo Wairungu, Faith Maina, Abdul Serwadda &#8220;Threshold Crossings in Data Science and Cybersecurity Professional Development: A Six Week Research Experience for STEM High School Teachers&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.74-81 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/74-81.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/threshold-crossings-in-data-science-and-cybersecurity-professional-development-a-six-week-research-experience-for-stem-high-school-teachers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Threshold Crossings in Data Science and Cybersecurity Professional Development: A Six Week Research Experience for STEM High School Teachers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc88f9c 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8908e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc89210\" data-id=\"dc89210\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8932f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8932f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc893d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc893d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8952b\" data-id=\"dc8952b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8963a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8963a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc896d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc896d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8a57e\" data-id=\"dc8a57e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8a74b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8a74b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc8a827 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8a827\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8a9a3\" data-id=\"dc8a9a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8aab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8aab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc8ab5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8ab5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8acc2\" data-id=\"dc8acc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8adcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8adcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc8ae6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8ae6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8afb9\" data-id=\"dc8afb9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b0c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8b0c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b161 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8b161\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b359\" data-id=\"dc8b359\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b49c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8b49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Preparedness of School Related Facilities for Students Enrolment in Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Chinonye Gift Igoni, Ngozi Adanma Ohia &#8211; July 2020 Page No.: 82-88<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b548 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8b548\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b6c1\" data-id=\"dc8b6c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b7fe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc8b7fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The notion of unpreparedness of facilities to accommodate school enrolment by school owners motivated this study. The study examined the level of school facilities preparedness for students&#8217; enrolment in public secondary schools in Rivers State. The simple random sampling technique was adopted that comprised one hundred and thirty-three school principals (133) representing 50% of the entire number of the schools. The checklist instrument was used for data collection in assessing available facilities to accommodate the number of students enrolled in a school. Thus, a self-structured checklist titled &#8220;Availability of School Facilities Checklist&#8221; (ASFC) weighing dichotomous response options of &#8220;Available (A) and Not Available (NA)&#8221; was applied. A content validity questionnaire was instituted by the two experts at the University of Port Harcourt. The Kuder-Richardson was used to establish the reliability of the questionnaire. Thereafter, a reliability co-efficient index of 88% was revealed. The results show a high extent of a limited supply of school facilities such as classrooms, laboratories, libraries, etc. for students&#8217; enrolment in public secondary schools in Rivers State. Further, the findings indicated an overall percentage score of 78.6% and 77.0% unavailability of learning facilities in urban and rural schools. Also, the study shows both urban and rural schools have football fields with 100% availability, while basketball court, tennis court, pavilion, and multi-purpose games hall are seldom available in all locations. The study, therefore, recommended Rivers State government as a sole financier of public institutions to urgently provide schools with learning and sporting facilities to accommodate students\u2019 enrolments.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 82-88\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chinonye Gift Igoni<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ngozi Adanma Ohia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Education Management, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adedayo, J. O. &amp; Owolabi, O. T. (2014). Analysis of hazard and safety in science laboratories in Ekiti State, Nigeria. British Journal of Education, Society &amp;Behavioural Science, 4(3), 403-414.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Akinwumiju, J.A. &amp; Agabi, C.O (2013). Foundation of School Management (2nd edition) Port Harcourt, University of Port Harcourt Press.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Akpan, V.I., &amp; Okoli, A.C. (2017). Effect of the use of instructional materials on academic performance of pupils in Ikwuano, Abia State. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, 4(1), 2394-9333.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Alowole, C. H., (2000). Observed role of institutional facilities in Nigeria educational system. Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Carlson, A. (2000). Achieving Educational Quality: What Schools Teachers Learning from Chile\u2019s P900 primary schools. Restructuring and Competiveness Net Work. Division of Production, Productivity and Management. Santiago, Chile.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Fayose, P.O. (2015). School library resource centers for educational excellence. Ibadan: AENL Educational Publication.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Federal Republic of Nigeria(2004).National Policy on Education (4th edition revised) Lagos: NERC Press.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Igbinedion, D.A. (2014). Facilities management in schools. In F. N. Obasi, &amp; J.D. Asodike, (Eds). Educational resources management. Port Harcourt. Pearl Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Ileuma, S. (2015). Managing educational facilities and students\u2019 enrolment in Nigerian universities in South-West Nigeria. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia 9(3), 24-33.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Kuhlthau, C.C. (2010). Guided Inquiry: School Libraries in the 21st Century. Vol.16 No 1, pp 17-28<br \/>\r\n[11]. Lonsdale, M. (2003) Impact of School Libraries on Student Achievement: a Review of the Research. Australian Council for Educational Research, pp,1-41.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Isaac, A. O., Daniel, I. O., &amp;Olusola, J. E (2014). Impact of laboratory-based instructional intervention on the learning outcome of low performing senior secondary students in Physics. Journal of Creative Education. 5(1), 197-206.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Maduagwu, S.N &amp;Nwogu, U. J. (2006) Resources allocation and management in education.(1st edition)Port Harcourt:Chadik printing press.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Obikwe, G., (2012). Effects of space in student sport performance. Journal in Physical Education, 26, (3), 908 -923.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Okuneye, B.A. &amp;Adelowokan, O. (2014). Tertiary Enrolment and Economic and Growth. Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development. Vol. 5, No 5.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Olaleye, F.O., Ajayi, A., Oyebola, O.B., and Ajayi, O.A.,(2017) Impact of Overcrowded Classroom on Academic Performance of Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Surelere Local Government of Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Higher Education and Research 7(1), 110-132<br \/>\r\n[17]. Omolewa, O. (1981). The influence of classroom size on educational planning in Nigeria. Ibadan: Harrison Publisher Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Onyeagbako, S.D. (2014). Facilities maintenance and renewal. In F.N Obasi, &amp; J. D. Asodike, (Eds). Educational resources management. Port Harcourt: Pearl Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Owolabi, O. T., &amp;Adedayo, J. O. (2012). Effect of teachers\u2019 qualification on the performance of senior secondary school physics students: Implication on technology in Nigeria. Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(6), 72-77.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Robin, H. (2005). New library brings out the best in students, The Robinson Foundation. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.edupla.org?design on 6\/6\/2018.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Uhumuavbi, P. O., &amp; Okodugha, I. E. (2014). Adequacy of laboratory and laboratory equipment in Edo Central Senatorial District of Edo State. Journal of Faculty of Education 14 (1), 54-63.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chinonye Gift Igoni, Ngozi Adanma Ohia &#8220;The Preparedness of School Related Facilities for Students Enrolment in Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.82-88 July 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/82-88.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/82-88.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-preparedness-of-school-related-facilities-for-students-enrolment-in-public-secondary-schools-in-rivers-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Preparedness of School Related Facilities for Students Enrolment in Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8c63b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8cd9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8fa36\" data-id=\"dc8fa36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8fc10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8fc10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc8fcda elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc8fcda\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc8fe74\" data-id=\"dc8fe74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8ff9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc8ff9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc90040 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc90040\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc90195\" data-id=\"dc90195\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc902ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc902ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc90349 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc90349\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc904b0\" data-id=\"dc904b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc905d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc905d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Child Survivors of Incest ages 9-15 years at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Sheila Wachira, Ruth Walioli (Phd), Victor Herbert Okongo (MEPM) &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 89-103<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc90672 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc90672\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc907f8\" data-id=\"dc907f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc90923 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc90923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Incest is a global vise that affects children regardless of their age, class, residence or religion. It has debilitating psychological, social and physical effects on children who experience it. Such negative effects easily lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychological disorder that develops after exposure to traumatic events such as incest. This study examined the prevalence of (PTSD) among child survivors of incest aged between 9-15 years seen at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital (MLKH) in Nairobi City County. The study adopted a descriptive research design and the target population included caregivers\/parents and children. The objectives of the study were as follows; to determine the prevalence of PTSD among survivors of incest, establish the social demographic characteristics of survivors, to determine the effects of PTSD on survivors and to explore parental perceptions towards child survivors of incest aged between 9-15 years at MLKH. The study adopted the descriptive design. The population included caregivers\/parents, survivors, key informants and focus group discussions at MLKH. The target population was drawn from MLKH. The study used purposive sampling to select the site and utilized random sampling to select survivors, parents and key informants. The sample size of the population was 20 survivors, 20 parents and 2 key informants. Data was collected through questionnaires, focus group discussions and observation. The study established that PTSD was prevalent among children survivors of incest and the effects were varied. However, the caregivers were unaware of the existence of PTSD and therefore could not pursue a treatment plan. There was lack of follow up on survivors treated at MLKH for possible manifestations of PTSD. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that psychosocial education was necessary to build the capacity of caregivers and survivors to cope with the PTSD trauma.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 89-103\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sheila Wachira<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n(Phd Candidate), Clinical Psychology, Daystar University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ruth Walioli (Phd)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDaystar University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Victor Herbert Okongo (MEPM)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Eastern Africa, Baraton<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Avsar, U., Avsar, U., Cansever, Z., Set, T., Cankaya, E., Kaya, E., &amp; &#8230; Keles, M. (2015). Psychological and emotional status and caregiver burden in caregivers of patients with peritoneal dialysis compared with caregivers of patients with renal transportation. Transplantation Proceedings, 45(3), 883-886.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Cohen, J. A., &amp;Mannarino, A. P., Deblinger, E. (2012).Trauma-focused CBT for Children and Adolescents: Treatment and application. Child &amp; Family Behavior Therapy, 35(3), 264-271 \u2022<br \/>\r\n[3]. Courtois CA, (2010) Healing the Incest Wound: Adult Survivors in Therapy. New York: WW Norton &amp; Company.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Hamblen, J., &amp; Barnett, E. (2016). PTSD in children and adolescents. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/treat\/specific\/ptsd_child_teens.asp<br \/>\r\n[5]. Kaminer, D., Seedat, S., &amp; Stein, D. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children. Journal ofthe World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 4(2), 121-125.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Kisiel, C. L., &amp; Lyons, J. S. (2001). Dissociation as a mediator of psychopathology among sexually children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1034\u20131039.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Kombo, D. L., &amp;Tromp, D. (2006). Proposal and thesis writing: An introduction. Nairobi: Pauline Publication.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Melissa, M. (2019, July 7). Support loss survivors to overcome trauma. Daily Nation. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.nation.co.ke\/oped\/opinion\/Support-survivors-overcome-trauma\/440808-5188130-m9bdabz\/index.html<br \/>\r\n[9]. Syengo-Mutisya CM, Kathuku DM, Ndetei DM. Psychiatric morbidity among sexually abused children and adolescents. East Afr Med J. 2008; 85(2):85-91.<br \/>\r\n[10]. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). (2018).Understanding traumatic stress in adolescents: A primer for substance abuse professionals. Retrieved from NCTSN Website: www.NCTSN.org<br \/>\r\n[11]. World Health Organization (WHO). (\u200e2013). Guidelines for the management of conditions specifically related to stress.Geneva: WHO Press.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Wherry, J. N., Corson, K., &amp;Hunsaker, S. (2013). A short form of the trauma symptom checklist for young children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 22(7), 796\u2013821.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sheila Wachira, Ruth Walioli (Phd), Victor Herbert Okongo (MEPM) &#8220;Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Child Survivors of Incest ages 9-15 years at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.89-103 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/89-103.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/89-103.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prevalence-of-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-among-child-survivors-of-incest-ages-9-15-years-at-mama-lucy-kibaki-hospital-in-nairobi-city-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Child Survivors of Incest ages 9-15 years at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc9177e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc9177e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc91850 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc91850\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc919df\" data-id=\"dc919df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc91b0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc91b0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc91bb0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc91bb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc91d30\" data-id=\"dc91d30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc91e57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc91e57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors Influencing Research Productivity at Njala University: A Count Regression Approach<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Regina Baby Sesay, Sheku Seppeh, Mohamed Kpangay &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 104-118<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc91efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc91efb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc920a2\" data-id=\"dc920a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc9223a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc9223a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Research promotes professional excellence as it helps academics to be more innovative thereby enhancing outstanding student education. Like most universities, Njala University (NU) academic staff are required to teach, research, and carry out community outreach. Publishing in a peer-reviewed journal is evidence of the effort made by academic staff to fulfill the obligation of one of the job descriptions of Njala University. The University like almost all other academic institutions promotes it, academic staff, purely based on the strength of their research work. The research strength of each academic staff is measured by the number of original research papers published in peer-reviewed journals. As such, the publication of original academic papers in recognized peer-reviewed journals has become the dream of each NU academic staff. However, despite the huge desire for publication, some unavoidable factors are infringing on the research activities of most academic staff. This research paper, therefore, used a statistical modeling technique for count data, to identify the main factors influencing the research productivity of NU academic staff. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select 113 respondents proportionately from each school. Data were collected from the selected respondents using structured questionnaires. The Poisson regression model was used as the baseline model. Due to the evidence of over-dispersion and excess zeros in the response variable, three additional count regression models were used in the analysis. Based on statistical tests, the zero-inflated hurdle model significantly outperformed the Poisson and Negative binomial regression models. However, the difference in performance between the zero-inflated poison and the zero-inflated hurdle model was not statistically significant. Initially, several factors were considered as possible determinants of research productivity of NU academics. However, the empirical analysis showed that academic qualification; teaching experience and hours spent on research are the main (significant) factors influencing the research productivity of Njala University academic staff. Increase in the number of hours spent on research can increase the number of research publications. Academics with more teaching experience tend to publish more than those with little or no teaching experience. The higher the academic degree attained by the academic, the higher the possibility of publishing more research papers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 104-118\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Regina Baby Sesay <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Technology, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sheku Seppeh <\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Technology, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohamed Kpangay<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Technology, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Higher Education Management, 5(2), 191\u2013202<br \/>\r\n[28]. Lewison, G. (2001). The quantity and quality of female researchers: A bibliometric study of Iceland. Scientometrics, 52(1), 29\u201343.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Long, J.S. (1992). Measures of sex differences in scientific productivity. Social Forces, 71(1), 159\u2013178.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Mangiafico, S.S. 2016. Summary and Analysis of Extension Program Evaluation in R, version 1.18.1<br \/>\r\n[31]. Meador, M., Walters, S. J. K., &amp; Jordan, J. M. (1992). Academic research productivity. Economics of Education Review 11(2), 161-167.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Olson, J. E. (1994). Institutional and technical constraints on faculty gross productivity in American doctoral universities. Research in Higher Education 35(5), 549-567.<br \/>\r\n[33]. Ramesh, B. A., &amp; Singh, Y. P. (1998). Determinants of research productivity. Scientometrics, 43(3), 309\u2013329.<br \/>\r\n[34]. Robert Wamala Vincent A. Ssembatya , (2015),&#8221;Productivity in academia&#8221;, Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 23 Iss 2 pp. 184 &#8211; 195<br \/>\r\n[35]. Teodorescu D (2000) Correlates of faculty publication productivity: a cross-national analysis.Higher Edu. 39,201-222.<br \/>\r\n[36]. Vuong, Quang H. (1989). Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and non-nested Hypothesis\u201dEconometrica 57(2): 307-333. doi:10:2307\/1912557.JSTOR 1912557<br \/>\r\n[37]. Wamala and Ssembatya (2015), even stated that productivity in the academe is consensually regarded as an indicator of research activity<br \/>\r\n[38]. Wu, J. (2013). Geographical knowledge diffusion and spatial diversity citation rank. Scientometrics, 94(1),181-201. http\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/81192.012.0715.8<br \/>\r\n[39]. Xie, Y., &amp; Shauman, K. A. (1998). Sex differences in research productivity: New evidence about an old puzzle. American Sociological Review, 63(6), 847\u2013870<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Regina Baby Sesay, Sheku Seppeh, Mohamed Kpangay &#8220;Factors Influencing Research Productivity at Njala University: A Count Regression Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.104-118 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/104-118.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/104-118.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-influencing-research-productivity-at-njala-university-a-count-regression-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Factors Influencing Research Productivity at Njala University: A Count Regression Approach<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc9514c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc9514c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc95268 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc95268\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc95403\" data-id=\"dc95403\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc9552f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc9552f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc955d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc955d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc95745\" data-id=\"dc95745\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc95865 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc95865\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Statin Use Will Cure Disease? A Review of Statin Safety and Efficacy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Fathimath Shahban, Dr. Linu Mohan P, Lubana KV, Asha G &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 119-122<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc95910 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc95910\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc95a93\" data-id=\"dc95a93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc95be1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dc95be1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Statins [HMG COA reductase inhibitors] are very much effective in reducing the low density lipoproteins [LDL] cholesterol in patients with risk of coronary artery diseases and cerebrovascular events. Statins competitively inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase which acts as the catalyst in the cholesterol synthesis pathway (mevalonate pathway). Statins reduce the low density lipoproteins [LDL] cholesterol depends on the strength \/dose. A high dose of statin will reduce &gt;50% of LDL cholesterol. Also reduces the atherosclerotic events, leading cause of cardiovascular and cerebro vascular diseases. Apart from the benefits, statin use may show some side effects like myopathy, Rhabdomyolysis, increased transaminase level, new onset diabetes. This article discusses the benefits and safety of statins.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 119-122\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fathimath Shahban<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Linu Mohan P<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lubana KV<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asha G<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. S. Perreault, L. Blais, D. Lamarre, A. Dragomir, D. Berbiche, L. Lalondeet al.Persistence and determinants of statin therapy among middle-aged patients for primary and secondary prevention; British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology; 59:5 564\u2013573<br \/>\r\n[2]. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285: 1711\u20138.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC\/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals. Lancet 2002; 360: 7\u201322.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Grover SA, Abrahamowicz M, Joseph L, Brewer C, Coupal L, Suissa S. The benefits of treating hyperlipidemia to prevent coronary heart disease: Estimating changes in life expectancy and morbidity. JAMA 1992; 267: 816\u201322.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Grover SA, Coupal L, Paquet S, Zowall H. Cost-effectiveness of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: forecasting the incremental benefits of preventing coronary and cerebrovascular events. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 593\u2013600.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaborators, C. Baigent, L. Blackwell, et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a met analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials, Lancet 376 (2010) 1670e1681.<br \/>\r\n[7]. European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Z. Reiner, A.L. Catapano, et al. ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the task force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS), Eur. Heart J. 32 (2011) 1769e1818.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Schachter M. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmaco dynamic properties of statins: an update. FundamClinPharmacol. 2005; 19:117\u201325.<br \/>\r\n[9]. R.S. Satoskar, Nirmala N.S.D. Bhandarkar. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics; twenty-fourth edition; e-book isbn: 978-81-312-4371-8.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Carlos Escobar, Rocio Echarri and Vivencio Barrios. Relative safety profiles of high dose statin regimens; vascular health risk management. 2008 June; 4(3):525-533.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Buse J. Statin Treatment in Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical Diabetes. 2003;21: 168\u201372.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Koh KK. Effects of statins on vascular wall: vasomotor function, inflammation and plaque stability. Cardiovasc Res. 2000; 47:648\u201357.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Cohn JN et al. Surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease: functional markers. Circulation 2004; 109(25 suppl 1):V31-46.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Leite-Moreira AF, Castro-Chaves P. Heart failure: statins for all? Heart 2006; 92:1537-1538.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Takemoto M, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol 2001:21;1712-1719.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Torzewski M et al. C-reactive Protein in the Arterial Intima: role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. AtherosclerThrombVascBiol 2000;20:2094-2099.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics&#8211;2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 129: e28\u2013e292.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Pedro-Botet J, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Cort\u00e9s JM, Flores JA, Rius J. Muscle symptoms related with statin therapy in general practice. Atherosclerosis. 241(1):e197<br \/>\r\n[19]. Foody JM, Roe MT, Chen AY, et al. Lipid management in patients with unstable angina pectoris and non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (from CRUSADE). Am J Cardiol 2005;95:483\u20135.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Jonathan Afilalo, Gustavo Duque, Russell Steele, J. WouterJukema, Anton J. M. de Craenet al. Statins for Secondary Prevention in Elderly Patients; A Hierarchical Bayesian Meta-Analysis; Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 51, No. 1, 2008. Vol. 51, No. 1, 2008 January 1\/8, 2008:37\u201345.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Zheng Zhou, ElhamRahme, Michal Abrahamowicz, Jack V. Tu, Mark J. Eisenberg et al. Effectiveness of statins for secondary prevention in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction: an evaluation of class effect; CMAJ 2005;172(9):1187-94.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Siobhra O\u2019Sullivan. Statins: A review of benefits and risks; TSMJ Vol.8 2007.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Juan Pedro-Botet, ElisendaCliment, Juan J Chillar\u00f3n, Rocio Toro, David Benaiges, Juana A Flores-Le Roux. Statins for primary cardiovascular prevention in the elderly: A review; Journal of Geriatric Cardiology (2015) 12: 431\u2212438.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Khan A, Maki KC, Ito MK, et al. Statin associated muscle symptoms: characteristics of patients and recommendations by providers. J ClinLipidol. 2015;9(3):460.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Taylor F, Huffman MD, Macedo AF, et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;1(1)<br \/>\r\n[26]. Yokote K, Shimano H, Urashima M, Teramoto T. Efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia: LIVES study and subanalysis. Expert Rev CardiovascTher. 2011;9(5):555\u2013562.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Bitzur R, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Harats D. Intolerance to statins: mechanisms and management. Diabetes Care 2013;36(Supplement 2):S325-30.<br \/>\r\n[28]. &#8220;Statins and Hepatotoxicity: Focus on Patients with Fatty Liver,&#8221; Naga Chalasani, Hepatology; April 2005; Volume 41, Issue 4 (Published Online: March 23, 2005).<br \/>\r\n[29]. Bang CN, Okin PM. Statin treatment, new-onset diabetes and other adverse effects: a systematic review. CurrCardiol Rep 2014;16(3):461.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Ravi V. Shah and Allison B. Goldfine. Statins and Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus; Circulation October 30, 2012, Vol 126, Issue 18.<br \/>\r\n[31]. Min Jung Ko, Ae Jeong Jo, Yun Jung Kim, Shin Hee Kang, Songhee Cho, Sang-Ho Jo et al. Time- and Dose-Dependent Association of Statin Use With Risk of Clinically Relevant New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Prevention: A Nationwide Observational Cohort Study; Journal of the American Heart Association,2019;8:e011320.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fathimath Shahban, Dr. Linu Mohan P, Lubana KV, Asha G &#8220;Statin Use Will Cure Disease? A Review of Statin Safety and Efficacy&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.119-122 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/119-122.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/119-122.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/statin-use-will-cure-disease-a-review-of-statin-safety-and-efficacy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Statin Use Will Cure Disease? A Review of Statin Safety and Efficacy<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc96aaf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dc96aaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc96b88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc96b88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc96d08\" data-id=\"dc96d08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc96e2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc96e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc96ecb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc96ecb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca1d1c\" data-id=\"dca1d1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca1e70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dca1e70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Fake News on Social Media in Times of Crisis on Society<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Abdulkarim Omar Madkhali &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 123-128<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca1f3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca1f3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca20d4\" data-id=\"dca20d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca2207 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dca2207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Because of the lockdowns and stay at home orders, people are staying home and have more free time. They are on top of the trending topics on social media. The current trending topics normally reflect the interest of the public, which currently are about COVID-19 or topics linked to the pandemic because of how important this issue has become for the society. There are thousands of people infected with this virus, and there is no cure or vaccine for it. The media is trying to cover as much relevant content as possible because people need to be aware of the correct guidelines to prevent the quick widespread of COVID-19. Social media is a platform that enables people to share current research, information, and opinions of healthcare experts, governments, and people around the world. Social media helps global society stay connected and learn more about this disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the Fake News on Social Media in Times of Crisis on Society. The methodology used to conduct this research is basic research to identify the perception of people living on this pandemic. Focusing on analytical research to explain the causes and consequences of the spread of misinformation of COVID-19. This research is based on secondary data, which means that it has been collected from other sources. By using qualitative methods. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the Fake News on Social Media in Times of Crisis on Society. The methodology used to conduct this research is basic research to identify the perception of people living on this pandemic. Focusing on analytical research to explain the causes and consequences of the spread of misinformation of COVID-19. This research is based on secondary data, which means that it has been collected from other sources. By using qualitative methods, the emphasis is on the words and meaning of the information. The results of the analysis showed that people need to know how to identify sources that they can trust, such as official government sites or healthcare sites. If people find news in social media, it is recommendable to cross-reference the sources to confirm reliability. Also, look for another similar source that corroborates the information found. Making sure that only the right information is out is could help control this pandemic and avoid people getting harmed by misinformation on the web.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 123-128\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdulkarim Omar Madkhali <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nIslamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Chaing Mai. (2018). New Social Media and Impact of Fake News on Society. 20(5), 7796.<br \/>\r\n[2]. CDC. \u201cHow to Protect Yourself &amp; Others.\u201d Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, April 13. 2020, www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/prevent-getting-sick\/prevention.html.<br \/>\r\n[3]. CNN. &#8220;How Facebook Is Combating Spread of COVID-19 Misinformation &#8211; CNN Video.&#8221; CNN, Cable News Network, April 17. 2020, www.cnn.com\/videos\/tech\/2020\/04\/17\/markzuckerberg-facebook-limit coronavirus-misinformation-cnn-town-hall-vpx.cnn\/video\/playlists\/coronavirus\/.<br \/>\r\n[4]. \u201cCoronavirus Will Change the World Permanently. Here&#8217;s How.\u201dPOLITICO,www.politico.com\/news\/magazine\/2020\/03\/19\/coronavirus-effect-economy-life- society-analysis-covid-135579.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Hekren, M. V. (2020). The Curative Effect of Social Media on Fake News: A Historical Re-evaluation. 21(3), 306-318.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Ireton, C. (2018). Journalism, Fake News, and Disinformation. 11(23), 1-128.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Krishnamoorti, R. (2020). Lower for Longer: COVID-19\u2019s Impact On Crude Oil And Refined Products3. Retrieved from Forbes: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/uhenergy\/2020\/03\/22\/lower-for-longer-covid-19s- impact-on-crude-oil-and-refined-products\/#8731de92fe8<br \/>\r\n[8]. Lomas, N. (2018). Fake News is an existential crisis for social media. Retrieved from https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2018\/02\/18\/fake-news-is-an-existential-crisis-for-social-media\/<br \/>\r\n[9]. McKinsey. (2020). COVID-19: Implications for business. Retrieved from McKinsey and Company: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/risk\/our-insights\/covid- 19-implications-for-business<br \/>\r\n[10]. Moore, JH Medicine. &#8220;Coronavirus Myths, Rumors, and Misinformation: Johns Hopkins Medicine.&#8221; Coronavirus Myths, Rumors, and Misinformation | Johns Hopkins Medicine, April 3. 2020, www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/coronavirus\/articles\/coronavirus-myths-rumors misinformation.html.<br \/>\r\n[11]. NBC.News. (2020, April 11). Coronavirus live updates: U.S. deaths near 15,000 as Wuhan lifts lockdown. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/health\/health-news\/live-blog\/2020-04-08-coronavirus-news-n1178891<br \/>\r\n[12]. Sozzi, Brian. \u201cIf the Coronavirus-Battered US Economy Doesn&#8217;t Reopen like Trump Wants in May, Stocks Could Be Creamed.\u201d Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo!, April 16. 2020, finance.yahoo.com\/news\/if-the-coronavirusbattered-us-economy-doesnt- reopen-like-trump-wants-on-may-1-stocks-could-be-creamed-165849831.html.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Walsh, Bryan. &#8220;COVID-19: The History of Pandemics.&#8221; BBC Future, BBC, 26 Mar. 2020, www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200325-covid-19-the-history-of-pandemics.<br \/>\r\n[14]. WHO.int. (2020). Exposing yourself to the sun or temperatures higher than 25C degrees the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/advice-for- public\/myth-busters<br \/>\r\n[15]. &#8220;Will Warm Weather Really Kill off COVID-19?&#8221; BBC Future, BBC, 24 Mar. 2020,www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200323-coronavirus-will-hot-weather-kill-covid-19.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdulkarim Omar Madkhali &#8220;The Impact of Fake News on Social Media in Times of Crisis on Society&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.123-128 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/123-128.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/123-128.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-fake-news-on-social-media-in-times-of-crisis-on-society\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Impact of Fake News on Social Media in Times of Crisis on Society<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca3080 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dca3080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca3151 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca3151\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca32e7\" data-id=\"dca32e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca3413 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dca3413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca34b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca34b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca3631\" data-id=\"dca3631\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca3747 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dca3747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Does Taxation Drive Economic Development in Nigeria?<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Etim Osim Etim, Nsima Johnson Umoffon, David Johnny Ekanem &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 129-137<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca37e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca37e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca3962\" data-id=\"dca3962\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca3aa0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dca3aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined whether taxation drive economic development (Human Development Index) in Nigeria used data spanning from 1985 to 2018 obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical Bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) tax reports and Human Development Report by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reports. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics involving multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that an inverse and significant relationship exist between Company Income Tax (CIT) and Human Development Index (HDI) in Nigeria; direct and significant relationship between Value Added Tax (VAT) and HDI direct and insignificant relationship between Personal Income Tax (PIT), Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT) and HDI. It was concluded that taxation has the capacity to cause positive economic development in Nigeria if the tax base is expanded and loopholes in the tax administrative system which causes tax revenue hemorrhage are closed and the strengthen of taxation framework to make the Nigerian economy tax base economy rather than oil base economy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 129-137\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Etim Osim Etim<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Uyo, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nsima Johnson Umoffon<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Uyo, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>David Johnny Ekanem<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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(2012). Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(2):181-233.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Ogbonna, G. N. and Appah, E. (2016). Petroleum Income and Nigerian Economy: Empirical Evidence. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter), 1(9):35-59.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Ogbonna, G. N. and Ebimobowei, A. (2012). Impact of Tax Reforms and Economic Growth of Nigeria: A Time Series Analysis. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1):62-77.<br \/>\r\n[31]. Popoola, N. (2009). A Good Tax System will Enhance Economic Development. Asia Pacific Journal of Accounting and Research, 27(45):45-58.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Rao, M. G. (2005). Tax System Reform in India: Achievements and Challenges Ahead. National Institute of Public Finance and Policy. New Delhi 110067:1-39.<br \/>\r\n[33]. Stoilova, D. and Patonov, N. (2012). The Impact of Taxation on Economic Growth in 27 European Countries. An Empirical Evidence. Available @ Journals.euser.org&gt;articles&gt;Thaci. Access 20\/06\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[34]. Udofot, P. O. and Etim, E. O. (2017). The Effect of Tax Revenue Components from SMEs and Economic Growth of Nigeria. Available @ https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org&gt;paper. Accessed 20\/06\/2020.<br \/>\r\n[35]. Unegbu, A. O. and Irefin, D. (2011). Tax Revenue and Economic Development in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 3(8):492-508.<br \/>\r\n[36]. United Nations (UN) (2005). Macroeconomics Indices for Developing Countries. Available @ https:\/\/UN.org.documents\/documents\/&gt;.<br \/>\r\n[37]. UNDP (2014). Human Development Index Reports for Africa, 47(4):479-494.<br \/>\r\n[38]. Udoh, E. and Ebong, F. (2011). Economic Development and Tax Revenue in Nigeria. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2):71-87.<br \/>\r\n[39]. Worlu, C. N. and Nkoro, E. (2012). Tax Revenue and Economic Development in Nigeria: A Macroeconomic Approach. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(2):211-223.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Etim Osim Etim, Nsima Johnson Umoffon, David Johnny Ekanem &#8220;Does Taxation Drive Economic Development in Nigeria?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.129-137 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/129-137.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/129-137.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/does-taxation-drive-economic-development-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Does Taxation Drive Economic Development in Nigeria?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca887e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dca887e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca896c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca896c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca8b0a\" data-id=\"dca8b0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca8c49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dca8c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca8cf6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca8cf6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca8e77\" data-id=\"dca8e77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca8f87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dca8f87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Mobile Agent Architecture for Courseware System<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Hameed M.A., Ramoni T.A., Fabiyi A.A., Amosa B.M.G &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 138-143<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dca9030 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dca9030\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca91b3\" data-id=\"dca91b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dca92e2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dca92e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The cumbersomeness of tasks associated with the preparation of courseware system in our tertiary institutions is worrisome, that it takes a lot of man hours to design a good courseware system. Also many institutions face a lot of problems in managing their courseware system ranging from inability to generate a very effective course material that will be of high standard to a good delivery system. A system that will be effective in acquiring real-time update for respective courses on the courseware becomes imperative, hence a mobile agent architecture for courseware system. The system is developed using an open source database which is Mysql. Java programming language is used because it is the predominant language for mobile agent systems both for the implementation of mobile agent and for the development of mobile agent applications. The agent relies on the courseware database for its input. The system has been implemented in a network environment and tested by some selected lecturers who affirmed its robustness.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 138-143\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hameed M.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Ede Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ramoni T.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Ede Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fabiyi A.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Ede Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amosa B.M.G<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAllbytes Research Group, Lagos Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Prabhu, C.S.R (2001) Mobile Computing: A Book of Readings . Paper presented at the National Conference on Mobile Computing, held at Hyderabad during 11-12 December 2001<br \/>\r\n[2]. Prabhu, C.S.R (2003) Mobile Computing: A Book of Readings . University Press. Hyderabad, India<br \/>\r\n[3]. Jos\u00e9 Gaviria de la Puerta, \u200eIv\u00e1n Garc\u00eda Ferreira and Pablo Garcia Bringas (2014) \u200e Technology &amp; Engineering. International Joint Conference SOCO\u201914-CISIS\u201914-ICEUTE\u201914: Bilbao, Spain<br \/>\r\n[4]. Pooja Arora and Rita Gupta (2010) Applications of Mobile Agents: A Canvas. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science. Vol.1, No 3, pp131 \u2013 135<br \/>\r\n[5]. Lu\u00eds Moura Silva (2012) Performance Evaluation of Mobile Agent Platforms and Comparison with Client\u2013Server Technologies. Wiley online Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118135617.ch12<br \/>\r\n[6]. Margaret Rouse (2019) Courseware https:\/\/whatis.techtarget.com\/definition\/courseware Accessed on 12\/11\/2019<br \/>\r\n[7]. Norhayati Abd Mukti and Siew Pei Hwa (2004) Journal of Educational Technology &amp; Society Vol. 7, No. 4, Ontologies and the Semantic Web for E-learning (October 2004), pp.143-152<br \/>\r\n[8]. Zhixin, T (2013)\u201c A mobile Agent-Based Server System for Server Resources Monitoring\u201d. Cybernetics and Information Technologies Vol. 13, No4, 2013, pp. 104-117.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Retalis, S.(2007) A courseware development methodology for Open and Distance Learning http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.51.7027&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf<br \/>\r\n[10]. Nik Siti Hanifah Nik Ahmada, Tao Ruan Wana and Ping Jiang (2011)Immersive environment courseware evaluation. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 15 (2011) pp. 1667\u20131676. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com1877\u20130428 \u00a9 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.doi:10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.03.350<br \/>\r\n[11]. Mee Ling and Sii Ling (2012). \u201cThe Influence of Transformational Leadership on Teacher Commitment towards Organization, Teaching Profession, and Student Learning in Secondary Schools in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia\u201d in EDUCARE: International Journal for Educational Studies, Vol.4(2) February, pp.155-178.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Jiannong Cao and Sajal K. Das (2012) Mobile Agents in Networking and Distributed Computing. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[13]. David Kotz ,Robert S. Gray and Daniela Rus (2002)Mobile Agents: Future Directions for Mobile Agent Research article (PDF Available)\u2002in\u2002IEEE Distributed Systems Online 3(8)<br \/>\r\n[14]. Mohit Mittal (2012) MOBILE AGENT. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research 1(8):7 \u2022 October 2012<br \/>\r\n[15]. Adel Aneiba, S. J. Rees (2006)MOBILE AGENTS TECHNOLOGY AND MOBILITY. Proceeding of the 5th Annual Postgraduate Symposium on the Convergence of Telecommunications, Networking and Broadcasting. Pages 14-20 http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.10<br \/>\r\n5.3152&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf<br \/>\r\n[16]. Lange, D &amp; Oshima, M. (1998). Programming and Deploying Java Mobile Agents with Aglets, Addison Wesley, ISBN: 0 201 32582 9.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Boyle Tom (2003) Design principles for authoring dynamic,<br \/>\r\nreusable learning objects. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Volume 19, Number 1<br \/>\r\n[18]. Pantano Rokou, F., Rokou, E., &amp; Rokos, Y. (2004). Modeling Web-based Educational Systems: process Design Teaching Model. Educational Technology &amp; Society, 7 (1), 42-50.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Virvou Maria and Tsiriga Victoria (2002) An Object-Oriented Software Life Cycle of an Intelligent Tutoring System. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 17(2) DOI: 10.1046\/j.0266-4909.2001.00172.x<br \/>\r\n[20]. Remenyi, D. (1998) Doing research in business and management: an introduction to process and method, Sage.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Colin Wight (2006 ) Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology. Cambridge University Press<br \/>\r\n[22]. Amosa Babalola; Onyeka Ndidi; Olaniyi Busayo; Babafemi Olusola (2017) Mobile Agent for Monitoring and Evaluation of Security Applications in a Network Environment. International Journal of Computer Science and Network, Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017. Pp 826 \u2013 834. ISSN (Online) : 2277-5420<br \/>\r\n[23]. Elaine McGovern, Rem W Collier and Eleni Mangina (2006) Object Oriented vs. Agent-Based Oriented Ubiquitous Intelligent Mobile Managed e-Learning Environment. Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing: Third International Conference, UIC 2006, Wuhan, China, September 3-6, 2006 , pp.1102-1113. DOI: 10.1007\/11833529_111<br \/>\r\n[24]. Ahmed E Kosba, Ahmed Abdelkader and Moustafa Youssef (2009) Analysis of a device-free passive tracking system in typical wireless environments. IEEE International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), pp 1-5.<br \/>\r\n[25]. El-Gamal, Y., Khalid E., &amp; Magdy, S. (2007). \u201cA Comparative Performance Evaluation Model of Mobile Agent Versus Remote Method Invocation for Information Retrieval.\u201d World Academy of Science, Engineering, and Technology: pp. 286-291.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hameed M.A., Ramoni T.A., Fabiyi A.A., Amosa B.M.G &#8220;A Mobile Agent Architecture for Courseware System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.138-143 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/138-143.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/138-143.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-mobile-agent-architecture-for-courseware-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Mobile Agent Architecture for Courseware System<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa0fc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcaa0fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa1d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaa1d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa341\" data-id=\"dcaa341\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa46d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcaa46d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa51a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaa51a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa684\" data-id=\"dcaa684\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa79a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcaa79a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Current Status and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children in Katsina Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Bello Bello Musawa, Mustapha Sani Muhammad, Zainab Iliyasu &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 144-149<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa83a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaa83a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcaa9c2\" data-id=\"dcaa9c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaaaf4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcaaaf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">A survey of the prevalence of current status and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Katsina local government area, Katsina state, Nigeria were carried out. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the study children. To determine the prevalence by age and gender of the children and to assess the major risk factors for the infections among the children. The design of the study was a cross-sectional investigation involving a sample of population of 266 schoolchildren from Primary one to Primary six in Shinkafi model primary school. Structured Questionnaires were used to obtain the socio-demographic information of the children and their parents before the commencement of the survey. Stool samples were collected and analyzed using direct wet-mount technique. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 29.3%. Ascarislumbricoides was the most prevalent parasite with a prevalence of 15.4%. The result further showed that, the males are more infected (34.4%) compared with females (24.4%). Moreover, the children age 4-9 years were significantly more infected (40.2%) compared to their elder ones aged \u226510 years (19.4%). Some of the major risk factors of infection among the children were, Age group, mothers\u2019 educational status and playing without shoes (P&lt;0.05). Efforts to curtail the prevalence among the children in the study area should include more enlightenment regarding the knowledge and dangers of the infections and public health significance of the disease. Government should create deworming programme among school children, improvement of safe water supply, health facilities, as well as health education are needed so as to reduce the rate of intestinal parasitic infection.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 144-149\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Bello Bello Musawa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura-Namoda, P.M.B 1012 Zamfara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mustapha Sani Muhammad<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura-Namoda, P.M.B 1012 Zamfara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Zainab Iliyasu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura-Namoda, P.M.B 1012 Zamfara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences, 4(2), 141.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Okwori, A. J., Sidi, M., Ngwai, Y. B., Obiekezie, S. O., Makut, M. D., Chollom, S. C., &#8230; &amp;Adikwu, T. I. (2014). Prevalence of schistosomiasis among primary school children in Gadabuke District, Toto LGA, North Central Nigeria. Microbiology Research Journal International, 255-261.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Prevention, W. H. O. (1987). Control of intestinal parasitic infections. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 749, 1-86.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Rodriguez-Oreggia, E., De La Fuente, A., De La Torre, R., &amp; Moreno, H. A. (2013). Natural disasters, human development and poverty at the municipal level in Mexico. The Journal of Development Studies, 49(3), 442-455.<br \/>\r\n[28]. Rostami, A., Ebrahimi, M., Mehravar, S., Omrani, V. F., Fallahi, S., &amp;Behniafar, H. (2016). Contamination of commonly consumed raw vegetables with soil transmitted helminth eggs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. International journal of food microbiology, 225, 54-58.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Sinniah, B., Sabaridah, I., Soe, M. M., Sabitha, P., Awang, I. P. R., Ong, G. P., &amp; Hassan, A. K. R. (2012). Determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites in three Orang Asli (Aborigines) communities in Perak, Malaysia. Trop Biomed, 29(2), 200-6.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Stephenson, L. S., Latham, M. C., &amp;Ottesen, E. A. (2000). Malnutrition and parasitic helminth infections. Parasitology, 121(S1), S23-S38.<br \/>\r\n[31]. Strausbaugh, L. J., &amp;Herwaldt, B. L. (2000). Cyclosporacayetanensis: a review, focusing on the outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in the 1990s. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 31(4), 1040-1057.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Usman, A., &amp; Aisha, K. S. (2019) Survey on Helminth Parasites Associated With Human Fingernails among Primary School Pupils in Batagarawa Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[33]. Workneh, T., Esmael, A., &amp;Ayichiluhm, M. (2014). Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among Debre Elias primary schools children, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, North West Ethiopia. J BacteriolParasitol, 5(1), 1.<br \/>\r\n[34]. World Health Organization. (2004). Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: World Health Organization\/Unicef joint statement (No. WHO\/CDS\/CPE\/PVC\/2004.9). World Health Organization.<br \/>\r\n[35]. World Health Organization. (2010). Workingto overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: first WHO report on neglected tropical diseases (No. WHO\/HTM\/NTD\/2010.1). World Health Organization.<br \/>\r\n[36]. Yimam, Y., Degarege, A., &amp;Erko, B. (2016). Effect of anthelminthic treatment on helminth infection and related anaemia among school-age children in northwestern Ethiopia. BMC infectious diseases, 16(1), 613<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bello Bello Musawa, Mustapha Sani Muhammad, Zainab Iliyasu &#8220;Current Status and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children in Katsina Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.144-149 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/144-149.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/144-149.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/current-status-and-risk-factors-of-intestinal-parasitic-infections-among-school-children-in-katsina-local-government-area-katsina-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Current Status and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children in Katsina Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcab952 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcab952\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaba1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaba1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcabb9c\" data-id=\"dcabb9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcabccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcabccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcabd6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcabd6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcabee3\" data-id=\"dcabee3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcabffc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcabffc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Mediating Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance among Listed Jordanian Companies<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ibrahim Mohd Al Hamadsheh, Barjoyai Bin Bardai, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Al Jounaidi &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 150-157<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcac09e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcac09e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcac223\" data-id=\"dcac223\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcac368 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcac368\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The all-round disclosure of financial statements was a global problem since the last decade. Indeed, the \u201cprofit and loss\u201d report is important as it reflects the operational indicators of the company. The more transparent the \u201cprofit and loss\u201d report, the more useful it is for the potential and current investors when making their investment decision. In other words, the more the firms disclose about the numbers included in the financial statement, the higher is their level of transparency. The purpose of a financial statement is to assist transparency while also providing a high-quality annual report for fuller disclosure of information. It also promotes the establishment of standards of accounting and laws concerning financial reporting. Two forms of financial reports are available: Compulsory and voluntary reporting. In particular, Compulsory information disclosure represents the main market necessity for info needed by varied laws and regulators, and it is governed at the national or regional level by the public authorities or professional organizations. On the contrary, corporate voluntary disclosure, which exceeds the disclosure demands, is the right choice for managers to disclose annual reports to users. The basic curiosity in the researcher\u2019s mind is the extent to which voluntary disclosure is able to enhance financial performance, and what factors influence the company&#8217;s financial performance of listed in the Amman stock exchange through the corporate governance structure. The main objective of this study is to examine the extent of voluntary disclosure within the annual reports of Jordanian listed corporations and to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and Financial performance (FP) within the annual reports of Jordanian listed corporations. A research method will be used in the Jordanian context, namely archival and method since the nature of the data required for conducting this survey on Jordanian companies emphasizes the need for secondary data to be a major source of information because secondary data assist in defining contemporary evidence. The data obtained between 2012-2017 from the Annual Report of Amman Stock Exchange from 208 companies in the manufacturing and services sector. Moreover, information from this period is the most recent source of information at the time of research. The sample of this study was restricted to the Service sector and industrial sector which altogether include 208 corporations representing 84% of the total number of corporations listed in the ASE.<br \/>\r\nIn the analysis used version 18 of (SPSS) program, and the descriptive analysis was used in this research. The results showed that the board (BCOM), Board activity (BACT), Board size (BSIZE), audit committee Size (ACS), Board Independence (BORDIN), Foreign Ownership (FOW) and Institutional Ownership (IOW). The H02, H03, H04, H05, H06, H07, and H09 were supported. In comparison, two ways of returning on assets (ROA) is statistically insignificant, since their p-values are above the normal level of significance of 0.05, the Audit Committee independence (ACOM) and Government Ownership (GOW). H01 and H08 were therefore rejected. The most theoretical implications for this study Is that this research bridges the gap created by the past works by defining these factors that affect financial performance. As shown by the results obtained, all factors impact financial performance. A research framework on the financial performance among listed Jordanian companies had been proposed in this study and empirical tests had been performed on it. Also, the most practical implications for this study Is that this research inspecting the variables from each external factor, to identify the one with the greatest effect on the financial performance Assesses the relationship between voluntary disclosure and financial performance. One of the most important determinants of this study is the information that will be obtained may be incomplete in the form of unreported corporate governance, concealed directors, or undisclosed ownership levels. An important recommendation for future studies in this study is future work should consider including more services on business which could include the in-side and out-side company services. The study conclusion highlights the development and testing of the financial performance of a structural model. The model that this study had devised is grounded on the model of AT and RDT, LT, CNT, ST in addition to the applicable constructs obtained from the secondary data as well as the studies on financial performance. Finally, from the current study, shareholders and management will know that they are responsible for deciding the extent of voluntary disclosure. This will then prohibit them from expropriating the property of the company for their own use.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 150-157\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibrahim Mohd Al Hamadsheh <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Barjoyai Bin Bardai <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdoul Rahman Mhd Al Jounaidi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Essentials of Corporate Finance.<br \/>\r\n[37]. Samaha, K., Dahawy, K., Hussainey, K., &amp; Stapleton, P. (2012). The extent of corporate governance disclosure and its determinants in a developing market: The case of Egypt. Advances in Accounting, 28(1), 168-178.\u200f<br \/>\r\n[38]. Schneider, A., &amp; Scherer, A. G. (2015). Corporate governance in a risk society. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2), 309-323.\u200f<br \/>\r\n[39]. Wallace, R. O., &amp; Naser, K. (1995). Firm-specific determinants of the comprehensiveness of mandatory disclosure in the corporate annual reports of firms listed on the stock exchange of Hong Kong. Journal of Accounting and Public policy, 14(4), 311-368.\u200f<br \/>\r\n[40]. Yuen, C. Y., Liu, M., Zhang, X., Lu, C. (2009). A case study of voluntary disclosure by Chinese enterprises. Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting 1 (2), 118 \u2013 145.<br \/>\r\n[41]. Zikmund, W. G. (2010). Business research methods. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ibrahim Mohd Al Hamadsheh, Barjoyai Bin Bardai, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Al Jounaidi &#8220;The Mediating Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance among Listed Jordanian Companies?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.150-157 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/150-157.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/150-157.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-mediating-effect-of-voluntary-disclosure-on-the-relationship-between-corporate-governance-and-financial-performance-among-listed-jordanian-companies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Mediating Effect of Voluntary Disclosure on the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance among Listed Jordanian Companies?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcad23d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcad23d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcad316 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcad316\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcad491\" data-id=\"dcad491\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcad5ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcad5ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcad65c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcad65c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcad7d5\" data-id=\"dcad7d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcad8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcad8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Basic Drug Procurement Pattern at Primary Health Care Centres, A Case Study of Shira Local Government Area Bauchi, Bauchi State<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Abdul-Baqi, A. Magaji- July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 158-162<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcad989 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcad989\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcadbdb\" data-id=\"dcadbdb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaddc5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcaddc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Basic or essential drugs are drugs that meets the health care requirements of majority of a population, hence, they should be made available at all times in sufficient amounts and in the appropriate dosage forms, and at a price that individuals and the community can afford. The study is aimed at investigating the basic drug procurement pattern at primary health care centre in Bauchi State. The sampling technique adopted is the random sampling techniques. The researcher collected all the relevant data from primary sources. Percentages and frequency were used in analyzing the data via SPSS version 22; the results were further presented in table and charts. 84 % of participants usually seek for approval from the government before procuring drugs.56% responded positively to obtaining approval on time; 82% claimed they do not get sufficient supply from Government; 84% agreed to health clinic revolve drug.34% representing twenty one respondents claimed that the accounting system is very efficient; 25% representing fifty respondents say not efficient. 70% claimed that procurement is a major problem to the effective operation I primary health care centre. 46% claimed that management of primary health care department use the funds provided by the government appropriately. The availability of essential drugs at the health centres was rather low, showing that the system has failed in achieving its main goal to manage availability also in remote area. The drug procurement and management system from the state, local government to district did not function well. Public officer should be made to understand that the public resources belong to everybody and that there management was everybody responsibility. Approval should be given on time from authority to purchased essential drug if their way from government.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 158-162\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul-Baqi, A. Magaji<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Health Technology, Bauchi<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Bauchi State Strategic Health Development Plan 2010- 2015. (2015). Retrieved from https:\/\/nigeriandocuments.blogspot.com<br \/>\r\n[2]. F.M.O.H. (2012). National Guidelines for Development of Primary Health Care System in Nigeria June 2012. Retrieved from www.health.gov.ng\/<br \/>\r\n[3]. Quick, J.D. (2003). Ensuring Access to Essential Medicine in the Developing Countries. A framework for action; Chemical Pharmacology and Therapeutic.73; 279-83<br \/>\r\n[4]. WHO. (2007). Technical Report Series no 946. Geneva; WHO Press. The Selection and use of Essential Medicare. www.who.int\/whr\/2007<br \/>\r\n[5]. WHO (2000). The use of essential drugs, Ninth report of the WHO Expert Committee (including the revised Model List of Essential Drugs).<br \/>\r\n[6]. UNODC (2018). Drug use in Nigeria. Retrieved from www.unodc.org<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdul-Baqi, A. Magaji &#8220;Basic Drug Procurement Pattern at Primary Health Care Centres, A Case Study of Shira Local Government Area Bauchi, Bauchi State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.158-162 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/158-162.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/158-162.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/basic-drug-procurement-pattern-at-primary-health-care-centres-a-case-study-of-shira-local-government-area-bauchi-bauchi-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Basic Drug Procurement Pattern at Primary Health Care Centres, A Case Study of Shira Local Government Area Bauchi, Bauchi State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaebc4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcaebc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaec94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaec94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcaee4c\" data-id=\"dcaee4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaef83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcaef83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf028 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaf028\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf1a2\" data-id=\"dcaf1a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf2b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcaf2b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors That Affect Firm Value Moderated by Profitability <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Arista Andiani, Dwipraptono Agus Harjito &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 163-170<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf35a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaf35a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf4d9\" data-id=\"dcaf4d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf637 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcaf637\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to determine the effect growth opportunity, capital structure, and dividend policy on firm value with profitability as a moderating variable. The population in this study were all companies listed on the Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia during the 2014-2018 period, as many as 191 companies. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method. The sample in this study was manufacturing companies that had published financial statements during the 2014-2018 period. The data collection method was data documentation technique which is historical data in the form of financial reports and annual reports. Data analysis techniques used panel regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that growth opportunity and capital structure had a significant positive effect on firm value. While the dividend policy had a significant negative effect on firm value. Other results showed that profitability can strengthen the influence of growth opportunity and dividend policy on firm value but can weaken the influence of capital structure on firm value.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 163-170\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arista Andiani<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dwipraptono Agus Harjito<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Pengaruh Growth Opportunity, Profitabilitas dan Struktur Modal Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Dividen sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI pada Periode 2014-2017. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Indonesia. 5(3).<br \/>\r\n[25]. Octaviani, N. K. D., &amp; Astika, I. B. P. (2016). Profitabilitas dan Leverage sebagai Pemoderasi Pengaruh Kebijakan Dividen pada Nilai Perusahaan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana. 14(3). ISSN: 2302-8559.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Pangulu, A.L &amp; Maski, G. (2014). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Growth Opportunity, dan Struktur Modal Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2011-2013). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB. 3(1).<br \/>\r\n[27]. Pourali, M. R &amp; Hosseini, S. L. (2015). The Relationship between Free Cash Flow and Sustainable Earnings with Growth Opportunities. International Journal of Scientific Management and Development. 3(3): 940-947. ISSN: 2345-3974<br \/>\r\n[28]. 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ISSN: 2168-9601.<br \/>\r\n[35]. Sudiani, N.K.A &amp; Wiksuana, I G.B. (2018). Capital Structure, Investment Opportunity Set, Dividend Policy And Profitability As A Firm Value Determinants. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences. 9 (81).<br \/>\r\n[36]. Susanti, N &amp; Restiana, N.G. (2018). What\u2019s The Best Factor To Determining Firm Value?. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 22(2): 301\u2013309.<br \/>\r\n[37]. Suwardana, H. (2018). Revolusi Industri 4.0 Berbasis Revolusi Mental. Jati Unik. 1(2): 109-118. ISSN : 2597-7946 (Online).<br \/>\r\n[38]. Vo, X. V., &amp; Ellis, C. (2017). An Empirical Investigation of Capital Structure and Firm Value in Vietnam. Finance Research Letters, 22: 90\u201394.<br \/>\r\n[39]. Wijayanti, I. T. (2019). Pengaruh Struktur Modal Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas sebagai Pemoderasi (Studi pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate di BEI Periode 2015-2017). Thesis. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.<br \/>\r\n[40]. Yando, A.D. (2018). Pengaruh Struktur Modal Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Dan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Properti Dan Real Estate Di BEI 2011-2015). JIM UPB. 6(1).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Arista Andiani, Dwipraptono Agus Harjito &#8220;Factors That Affect Firm Value Moderated by Profitability &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.163-170 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/163-170.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/163-170.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-that-affect-firm-value-moderated-by-profitability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Factors That Affect Firm Value Moderated by Profitability <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb04a4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcb04a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb058a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb058a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb06ff\" data-id=\"dcb06ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb081a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb081a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb08b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb08b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb0a36\" data-id=\"dcb0a36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb0b6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb0b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Social Media Addiction as It Affect Concentration among Undergraduate Students in Kwara State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>AUN, Thompson Toryuha, AJALA Toluwanimi McDaniel, IRMIYA Salome Solomon, LAWAL Biliqis Adewumi, ADAAKU Judith Mbakeren and ODUN-AYO Daniel- July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 171-176<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb0c1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb0c1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb0dac\" data-id=\"dcb0dac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb0ee1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcb0ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The use of social media is no longer a new thing but the way it is been used by undergraduates students when provided with enabling environment may be termed or leads to addiction. This study examined social media addiction as it affects concentration. Descriptive survey study was adapted cum simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study where 200 undergraduates were selected. 24 items researcher designed questionnaire divided into two segments, entitled Assessment of Social Media Addiction as it Affect Concentration in Nigeria with validity reliability of 0.71 index was used to garner the needed data while descriptive statistical tools were used. Fear of missing out, availability of phones and Hotspot\/WiFi network among others were causes of social media addiction and that taking of time, chatting while in the class are how social media affect concentration and among undergraduates based on gender. It was recommended that social media should be incorporated into the teaching learning process since phones are portable to meet the current trend.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 171-176\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AUN, Thompson Toryuha <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AJALA Toluwanimi McDaniel <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>IRMIYA Salome Solomon <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>LAWAL Biliqis Adewumi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADAAKU Judith Mbakeren <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ODUN-AYO Daniel <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Al-Menayes, J. (2015). Dimensions of Social Media Addiction among University Students in Kuwait, downloaded via http:\/\/www.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/j\/pbs on 21\/1\/2020<br \/>\r\n[2]. Al-Menayes, J. (2014). The relationship between mobile social media use and academic performance in university students, New Media and Mass Communication, vol. 25.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Akua, A. O. (2015). Social Media Addiction among Students of the University Of Ghana<br \/>\r\n[4]. Aun, T.T., Ajala, M.T.,&amp; Adaaku, J.M. (2020). The use of e-learning Resources by Secondary School Teachers in Kwara State. Global Scientific Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 4, April 2020. Via www.globalscientificjournal.com<br \/>\r\n[5]. Bian, M. &amp; Leung, L. (2014). Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Smartphone Addiction Symptoms and Patterns of Smartphone use in Social Capital. SAGE Journals, Social Science Computer Review<br \/>\r\n[6]. Christakis, D.A. &amp; Moreno, M.A. (2009). Trapped in the net: will internet addiction become a 21st-century epidemic? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Common Sense Media (2009). Is Technology Networking Changing Childhood? A National Poll. San Francisco. CA: Common Sense Media; via www.commonsensemedia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/CSMAccessed July 11, 2019<br \/>\r\n[8]. Harini, Santhosh (2019). 6 Positive And 4 Negative Effects of Social Media on Children<br \/>\r\n[9]. Kirik, A.M. (2015). New Media and Visual Communications in Social Network via https:\/\/commons.m.wikimedia.orgaccessed 23\/10\/2019<br \/>\r\n[10]. Lau, B.Y., Mathur, P., Gould, G.G. &amp; Guo, S. (2011).Identification of a Brain Center whose activities Discriminates a choice Behaviour in Zebrafish. Proceedings of the National Academy of ciences of the United State of America<br \/>\r\n[11]. Neimz, K., Griffiths, M &amp; Banyard, P. (2006): Prevalence of Pathological Internet use among University Students and NCBI. Via https:\/\/www.researchgate.net12\/11\/2019<br \/>\r\n[12]. Poli, R. &amp; Agrimi, E. (2012). Internet Addiction Disorder Prevalence in an Italian Student Population. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 66.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Przybylski, A.K., Murayama, K., Dehaan, C.R., &amp; Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, Emotional and Behavioural Correlates of fear of missing out. Via https:\/\/www.researchgate.net accessed 21\/12\/2019<br \/>\r\n[14]. Selfhout, M.H., Dennisen, J. and Meeus, W. (2009). Different types of Internet use, depression and social anxiety. Research Gate<br \/>\r\n[15]. Ya\u011fmurlu, A. (2011). Kamu Y\u00f6netiminde Halkla \u0130li\u015fkiler Ve Sosyal Medya, Sel\u00e7uk University Faculty Of Communication Academic Journal, Vol:7, Issue 1.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Yang S.C. &amp; Tung, C. (2007). Comparison of Internet Addicts and non addicts in Taiwnese High School. Research Gate Journal<br \/>\r\n[17]. Yen, Ju-Yu et al. (2009). The Association between Adult ADHD Symptoms and Internet Addiction among College Students: The Gender Difference. Research Gate Journal<br \/>\r\n[18]. Yu, L., &amp;Shek, D.T.L. (2013). Internet Addiction in Hong Kong Adolescent: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">AUN, Thompson Toryuha, AJALA Toluwanimi McDaniel, IRMIYA Salome Solomon, LAWAL Biliqis Adewumi, ADAAKU Judith Mbakeren and ODUN-AYO Daniel &#8220;Assessment of Social Media Addiction as It Affect Concentration among Undergraduate Students in Kwara State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.171-176 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/171-176.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/171-176.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-social-media-addiction-as-it-affect-concentration-among-undergraduate-students-in-kwara-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of Social Media Addiction as It Affect Concentration among Undergraduate Students in Kwara State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb1dcb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcb1dcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb1ec2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb1ec2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb2057\" data-id=\"dcb2057\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb2187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb2187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb2239 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb2239\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb23af\" data-id=\"dcb23af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb2537 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb2537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Marketing Strategies, Competitive Strategies and Organization Performance of Media Houses in Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong> Mercy Wanjiru Ngundo, Wanjiku Ng\u2019ang\u2019a Kinyanju and Julius Kahuthia Mwangi &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 177-186<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb25ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb25ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb278a\" data-id=\"dcb278a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb28d5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcb28d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Media houses in Kenya have continued to grow with most individuals owning a station due to affordability and fewer restrictions that are offered by the Communication Authority, which is the regulating body in Kenya. This rampant growth in the industry has propelled competition and hence the need to restructure marketing strategies. The general objective of this study was to assess whether marketing strategies and competitive strategies affect organization performance in media houses in Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish how the core service strategies affect the organizational performance, determine how pricing strategy affect the organizational performance, to establish how promotional strategy and distribution strategy affect the organizational performance and finally determine the moderating effect of competitive strategies on the relationship between marketing strategies and organizational performance of media houses in Kenya. The study was guided by four theories which included the marketing mix theories, Push and Pull theory, Resources Advantage theory and open system theory. The study adopted the descriptive cross-section survey method, which is illustrative for the various media houses in Kenya. In this study, the convenience sampling technique was used to select the six media houses which have been in operation for the last twenty years. Consequently, two units which were the unit of observation and analysis whereby the managers of those six media houses were the respondence. Data were collected using questionnaires, and all ethical considerations were strictly observed. On data analysis, interpretation and presentation, the quantitative data generated were analyzed with the aid of statistical package for social science (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between marketing strategy and performance of the organization. The moderating effect had an insignificant relationship with the organization performance&#8217;s study used both Pearson&#8217;s correlation and regression analysis. Findings revealed a positive correlation between Marketing strategies and organizational performance (r=0.545, P-Value=0.000), pricing strategy (r=0.213, P-Value=0.004), Promotional strategy ( r=0.629, P-Value=0.000) and distribution strategy (r=0.394,P-Value=0.000) which show a positive correlation in all. The researcher, therefore, concludes that there is a relationship between marketing strategies and organizational performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 177-186\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mercy Wanjiru Ngundo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt Paul\u2019s University Limuru P.O Box Private Bag, Limuru, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wanjiku Ng\u2019ang\u2019a Kinyanju<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt Paul\u2019s University Limuru P.O Box Private Bag, Limuru, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Julius Kahuthia Mwangi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSt Paul\u2019s University Limuru P.O Box Private Bag, Limuru, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Amit 2013. 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International Journal of Production Economics, 149, 194\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2013.07.008<br \/>\r\n[29] Murphy, C. (2016). Competitive Intelligence: Gathering, Analysing And Putting it to Work. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315573151<br \/>\r\n[30] Mwita, C. (2015). ICT trends and their role in shaping the media industry in Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[31] Onditi, E. O. (1869). Competitive Strategies and Firm Performance: A review of Literature. The Strategic Journal of Business &amp; Change Management, 5 (4), 1879, 3.<br \/>\r\n[32] Porter. (2011). Competitive Advantage of Nations: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Simon and Schuster.<br \/>\r\n[33] Porter, M., &amp; Joan Magretta. (2014). Strategy and Competition: The Porter Collection (3 Items). Harvard Business Review Press.<br \/>\r\n[34] Proctor, T. (2014). Strategic marketing: An introduction. Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[35] Scott, W. R., &amp; Davis, G. F. (2015). Organizations and Organizing: Rational, Natural and Open Systems Perspectives. Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[36] Tosti, D., &amp; Herbst, S. A. (2014). Organizational performance and customer value. Consumer Behavior Analysis (pp. 76\u201396). Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[37] Wicker, P., &amp; Soebbing, B. P. (2016). The effect of Porter\u2019s genericstrategies on organisational problems of non-profit sports clubs.European Journal for Sport and Society. https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/16138171.2015.11687967<br \/>\r\n[38] Wirtz, J., &amp; Lovelock, C. (2016). Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy (8th ed.). WORLD SCIENTIFIC (US). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/y0001<br \/>\r\n[39] Zecchini, S. (2013). Lessons from the Economic Transition: Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s. Springer Science &amp; Business Media.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Mercy Wanjiru Ngundo, Wanjiku Ng\u2019ang\u2019a Kinyanju and Julius Kahuthia Mwangi &#8220;Marketing Strategies, Competitive Strategies and Organization Performance of Media Houses in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.177-186 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/177-186.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/177-186.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/marketing-strategies-competitive-strategies-and-organization-performance-of-media-houses-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Marketing Strategies, Competitive Strategies and Organization Performance of Media Houses in Kenya<br \/>\r\n<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb3990 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcb3990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb3a69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb3a69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb3c06\" data-id=\"dcb3c06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb3d70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb3d70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb3e26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb3e26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb3fd4\" data-id=\"dcb3fd4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb4103 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb4103\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Monetary Policy Approach to Headline Inflation Control in Nigeria: Evidence from 1985-2018<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Amalu Henry Ikechukwu, Agbasi Lucy O., Ujam Oluchukwu Juliet, Olife Loenard U. &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 187-194<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb41aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb41aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb4325\" data-id=\"dcb4325\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb445f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcb445f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Monetary policy remains one of the channels for controlling high inflation. Effective control of headline inflation using monetary policy measures depends on the degree of relationship that exists between the variables. In the light of this, the paper explores the relation between monetary policy and headline inflation with the aim of determining the effectiveness of monetary policy measures in curbing high headline inflation in Nigeria. The series employed are stationary at level and first difference respectively, after testing them for unit roots using Phillips-Perron and Zivot-Andrews structural break consistent unit root tests. The study adopts the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, Bound test, and Error Correction Model (ECM) for empirical analyses of the variables. The paper establishes the following: (a) exchange rate and headline inflation share strong negative relation both in the short-term and long-term; (b) Treasury bill rate exerts statistically significant positive influence on inflation in the long-run; and (c) strong interaction exists between deposit rate and headline inflation in the short-run. We also find cointegrating relationships between monetary policy and headline inflation in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 187-194\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amalu Henry Ikechukwu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agbasi Lucy O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Banking and Finance, Enugu State Polytechnic, Iwollo, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ujam Oluchukwu Juliet<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olife Loenard U. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Banking and Finance, Enugu State Polytechnic, Iwollo, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alade, S. O., &amp; Tule, M. K. (2017). The Nigerian Financial System at a Glance. Central Bank of Nigeria Series.<br \/>\r\n[2] Arize, A., Kalu, E., and Nkwor, N. (2017). Banks Versus Markets: Do They Compete, Complement or Co-evolve in the Nigerian Financial System? An ARDL approach. Research in International Business and Finance. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/ 0.1016\/j.ribaf.2017.07.174<br \/>\r\n[3] Ashra, S., S. Chattopadhyay, and Chaudhuri. K. (2004). Deficit, Money and Price: The Indian Experience. Journal of Policy Modeling, 26, 289\u2013299.<br \/>\r\n[4] Bahmani-Oskooee, M. (1995). Source of Inflation in Post-Revolutionary Iran. International Economic Journal, 9 (Summer (2)), 61\u201372.<br \/>\r\n[5] Bernanke, B. S. and Mishkin, F. S. (1997). Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11 (2), 97-116.<br \/>\r\n[6] Bomberger, W. A., and Makinen, G. E. (1979). Some further tests of the harberger inflation model using quarterly data. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 629\u2013644.<br \/>\r\n[7] Chowdhury, M. (2016). Financial Development, Remittances And Economic Growth: Evidence Using a dynamic panel estimation. The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 10 (1), 35\u201354. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/ 10.1177\/0973801015612666.<br \/>\r\n[8] Darrat, A. F. and A. Arize, A. (1990). Domestic and international sources of inflation in developing countries: Some evidence from the monetary approach. International Economic Journal, Winter: 55\u201369.<br \/>\r\n[9] Friedman, B. M. 1990. Targets and instruments of monetary policy. Handbook of Monetary Economics, 2, 1185-1230<br \/>\r\n[10] Gobbi, L., R., Mazzocchi, and Tamborini, R. (2018). Monetary policy, De-anchoring of Inflation Expectations, and the &#8220;new normal&#8221;. Journal of Macroeconomics. doi:10.1016\/ j.jmacro. 2018.10.006.<br \/>\r\n[11] Kia, A. (2006). Deficits, Debt Financing, Monetary Policy and Inflation in Developing Countries: Internal or External Factors? Evidence from Iran. Journal of Asian Economics, 17. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asieco.2006.08.011<br \/>\r\n[12] Lo, M. and Granato. J. (2008). What Explains Recent Changes in International Monetary Policy Attitudes toward inflation? Evidence from Developed Countries. Economics Letters, 100, 411\u2013414.<br \/>\r\n[13] Lovcha, Y., and Perez-Laborda A. (2018). Monetary Policy Shocks, Inflation Persistence, and Long Memory. Journal of Macroeconomic, 55. http:\/\/dx. doi.org\/10. 1016\/ j. jmacro. 2017.10.006<br \/>\r\n[14] Mandler, M. (2012). Inflation-regime Dependent Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks: Evidence from Threshold Vector Auto-regressions. Economics Letters, 116, 422\u2013425.<br \/>\r\n[15] Okimoto, T. (2018). Trend Inflation and Monetary Policy Regimes in Japan. Journal of International Money and Finance. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/ 10.1016\/j.jimonfin.2018.12.008<br \/>\r\n[16] Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. J. Appl. Econometrics, 16 (3), 289\u2013326.<br \/>\r\n[17] Phillips, P.C., and Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75 (2), 335\u2013346.<br \/>\r\n[18] Taylor, J. B. (1993). Discretion Versus Policy Rules in Practice. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 39, 195-214.<br \/>\r\n[19] Temple, J. (2002). Openness, Inflation, and the Phillips Curve: A Puzzle. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 34, 450\u2013468.<br \/>\r\n[20] Tule, M. S., Salisu, A. A., and Ebuh, G. U. (2019). A Test for Inflation Persistence in Nigeria Using Fractional Integration &amp; fractional cointegration techniques. Economic Modelling. doi.org\/ 10.1016\/j.econmod.2019.07.024<br \/>\r\n[21] Turdaliev, N. (2019). Monetary Policy, Heterogeneous Population and Inflation. Research in Economics. http:\/\/dx. doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rie.2019.08.002<br \/>\r\n[22] Zivot, E., and Andrews, K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(10), 251-270.<br \/>\r\n[23] Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia (2020). Economy of Nigeria. Retrieved April 2, 2020, from www.en. wikipedia.org\/ wiki\/economy _of_Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amalu Henry Ikechukwu, Agbasi Lucy O., Ujam Oluchukwu Juliet, Olife Loenard U. &#8220;Monetary Policy Approach to Headline Inflation Control in Nigeria: Evidence from 1985-2018&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.187-194 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/187-194.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/187-194.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/monetary-policy-approach-to-headline-inflation-control-in-nigeria-evidence-from-1985-2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Monetary Policy Approach to Headline Inflation Control in Nigeria: Evidence from 1985-2018<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb52e8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcb52e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb53d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb53d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5562\" data-id=\"dcb5562\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb5681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5725 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb5725\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb589c\" data-id=\"dcb589c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb59ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb59ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Investigating the Influence of Employment Factors on the Decrease of Student Enrollments in Selected Private Higher Learning Institutions in Rwanda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Cyprien Sikubwabo, Andr\u00e9 Muhirwa, Philoth\u00e8re Ntawiha &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 195-202<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5a4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb5a4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5c04\" data-id=\"dcb5c04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb5d4b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcb5d4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of employment factors on the decrease of student enrollments in selected private higher learning institutions in Rwanda. The study was carried out in 6 private higher learning institutions operating in Rwanda. It adopted the correlation research design and used a sample of 382 informants (370 undergraduate students, 6 academic registrars and 6 marketing officers).The data was collected using a questionnaire and was analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (simple linear regression). The findings revealed that generally, employment factors have no significant influence on the decrease of student enrollments in private higher learning in Rwanda. However, it was found that factors related to job availability have a significant influence on decrease of student enrollments in private higher learning institutions in Rwanda while factors related to working conditions have no significant influence on the same dependent variable. The study recommended that it should be mandatory for all private higher learning institutions in Rwanda to offer entrepreneurship related courses and make sure that all the students finish their university studies with knowledge of how to run businesses. For more encouragement, private higher learning institutions should sign MOUs with different companies aiming at offering jobs to their alumni.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 195-202\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cyprien Sikubwabo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Education, University of Kigali-Rwanda<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Andr\u00e9 Muhirwa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Rwanda, College of Education-Rwanda<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emeghara, U.U.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Rwanda, College of Education-Rwanda<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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College and University, 78(4), 3\u201310.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Kahn, L. (2006). The Long-Term Labor Market Consequences of Graduating from College in A Bad Economy. Labour Economics, 17, 303-316. Doi 10.1016\/j.labeco.2009.09.002.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Krejcie, R. V., &amp; Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30, 607-610<br \/>\r\n[15]. Le, T. D., Dobele, A.R., &amp;Robonson L. (2019). Understanding high school students use of choice factors and word-of-mouth information sources in university selection. Retrieved April 14, 2019, from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/330130672<br \/>\r\n[16]. MacGregor, K. (21 June 2014). A new university, new international leader,newfuture.Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_University_of_Rwanda<br \/>\r\n[17]. Marinnge, F. (2006). University and Course Choice: Implications for Positioning Recruitment and Marketing. International Journal of Educational Management 20(6):466-479.<br \/>\r\n[18]. McKinney, S. N. (2017). Correlation of local unemployment rates and North Carolina Community College enrollments.(Doctoral dissertation, Liberty University, 2017).<br \/>\r\n[19]. Ming, J. S. K. (2010). Institutional Factors Influencing Students\u2019 College Choice Decision in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(3), 53-58.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Ministry of education (2013). Education Sector Strategic Plan 2013\/14 \u20132017\/18.Kigali-Rwanda: MINEDUC<br \/>\r\n[21]. Ministry of education (2015). 2014 Education statistical yearbook. Retrieved October 21, 2018 https:\/\/mineduc.gov.rw\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/pdf_files\/2014<br \/>\r\n[22]. Ministry of Education (2018). Education Statistical 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https:\/\/mineduc.gov.rw\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Amatangazo\/2015<br \/>\r\n[23]. Nate, J. (2015). The Unemployment-Enrollment Link. 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(2017). Private Universities petition over president over closures. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.universityworldnews.com\/post.php?story=20171027071144525<br \/>\r\n[29]. Senyonga, A.B. (June 12, 2013). Demand for higher education keeps growing.The New Times. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.newtimes.co.rw\/section\/article\/2013-05-01\/107020\/<br \/>\r\n[30]. Soutar, G. N. &amp; Turner, J. P. (2002). Students\u2019 preferences for university: A conjoint analysis. International Journal of Educational Management, 16(1), 40 \u2013 45.<br \/>\r\n[31]. Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1\u201317.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Strasser, S. E., Ozgur, C., &amp; Schroeder, D. L. (2002).Selecting a business college major: An analysis of criteria and choice using the analytical hierarchy process. American Journal of Business, 17(2), 47\u201356.<br \/>\r\n[33]. Tatar, E., &amp;Oktay, M. (2006). Search, choice and persistence for higher education: A case study in Turkey. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2(2), 115\u2013129.<br \/>\r\n[34]. Teixeira, P. &amp;Koryakina, T. (2011). Funding reforms and revenue diversification: patterns, challenges and rhetoric. Studies in Higher Education, 8, 1-18.<br \/>\r\n[35]. The World Bank (2015).Rwanda Employment and Jobs Studies. Washington: Poverty Global Practice for African Region<br \/>\r\n[36]. Trading Economics (2020). Rwanda Unemployment Rate. Retrieved on June 3, 2020 from https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/rwanda\/unemployment-rate<br \/>\r\n[37]. Veloutsou, C. et al. (2004). University selection: information requirements and importance. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(3), 160\u2013171<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Cyprien Sikubwabo, Andr\u00e9 Muhirwa, Philoth\u00e8re Ntawiha &#8220;Investigating the Influence of Employment Factors on the Decrease of Student Enrollments in Selected Private Higher Learning Institutions in Rwanda&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.195-202 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/195-202.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/195-202.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigating-the-influence-of-employment-factors-on-the-decrease-of-student-enrollments-in-selected-private-higher-learning-institutions-in-rwanda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Investigating the Influence of Employment Factors on the Decrease of Student Enrollments in Selected Private Higher Learning Institutions in Rwanda<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb6b6a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcb6b6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb6c3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb6c3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb6daa\" data-id=\"dcb6daa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb6eca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb6eca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb6f6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb6f6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb718a\" data-id=\"dcb718a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb72b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb72b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exploring the Changes of Resistant Genes Expression in Groundnuts <i>Arachis Hypogea<\/i> In Response to <i>Aspergillus Flavus<\/i> Exposure at Seedling Stage<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Robert O. Okayo, Darius O. Andika, Mathews M. Dida, George O. K\u2019Otuto and Bernard M. Gichimu &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 203-208<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb735e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb735e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb74ee\" data-id=\"dcb74ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb7625 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcb7625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><em>Aspergillus flavus<\/em>\u00a0infect groundnut seeds and produce secondary metabolites, aflatoxins. The aflatoxins are associated with various diseases in domestic animals and humans globally. Mitigating the aflatoxin contamination in crops through the development of cultivars tolerant to fungus colonization and aflatoxin contamination has been considered the most cost-effective measure. This research was conducted to ascertain that the resistance genes identified in the previous transcriptome analysis were involved in groundnut defense mechanisms to <em>A. flavus<\/em> infection. Eight genes were selected for additional scrutiny through the real time PCR on a groundnut seedling at an interval of 2 days within a 7-day period. The results indicate a network of gene expression patterns in a sequential order in both resistance and susceptible lines at a seedling stage. The peak expression level per gene indicates the time gene action was crucial. We conclude that these genes are involved in groundnut resistance to <em>A. flavus<\/em> infection and provide important targets for the molecular marker screening.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 203-208\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Robert O. Okayo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Plant, Animal and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Darius O. Andika <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Plant, Animal and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mathews M. Dida <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> George O. K\u2019Otuto <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenyaa<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Bernard M. Gichimu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Andrade, P., Caldas, E., 2015. Aflatoxins in cereals\u202f: worldwide occurrence and dietary risk assessment. World mycotoxin J. 8, 415\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/WMJ2014.1847<br \/>\r\n[2]. Burow, M.D., Selvaraj, M.G., Upadhyaya, H., Ozias\u2010Akins, P., Guo, B.Z., Bertioli, D.J., 2008. Genomics of peanut, a major source of oil and protein. In: PH Moore, R Ming. (eds). Genomics Trop. Crop Plants. New York, Springer, 1, pp 421\u2013 440.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Chen, Z.-Y., * R.L.B., Guo, B.Z., Menkir, A., Cleveland, and T.E., 2009. Identifying Aflatoxin Resistance-related Proteins \/ Genes through Proteomics. Peanut Sci. 36, 35\u201341.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Chen, Z., Brown, R.L., Damann, K.E., Cleveland, T.E., 2007. Identification of Maize Kernel Endosperm Proteins Associated with Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination by Aspergillus flavus.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Choi, J.J., Klosterman, S.J., Hadwiger, L.A., 2004. A Promoter from Pea Gene DRR206 Is Suitable to Regulate an Elicitor-Coding Gene and Develop Disease Resistance. Phytopathology 94, 651\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PHYTO.2004.94.6.651<br \/>\r\n[6]. Christensen, S.A., Kolomiets, M. V., 2011. The lipid language of plant-fungal interactions. Fungal Genet. Biol. 48, 4\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fgb.2010.05.005<br \/>\r\n[7]. de Beer, A., Vivier, M.A., 2011. 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Inactivation of the Lipoxygenase ZmLOX3 Increases Susceptibility of Maize to Aspergillus spp. . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 22, 222\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/mpmi-22-2-0222<br \/>\r\n[12]. Glazebrook, J., 2005. A GAINST B IOTROPHIC AND N ECROTROPHIC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135923<br \/>\r\n[13]. Guo, B., Chen, X., Dang, P., Scully, B.T., Liang, X., Holbrook, C.C., Yu, J., Culbreath, A.K., 2008. Peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during Aspergillus parasiticus infection. BMC Dev. Biol. 8, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-213X-8-12<br \/>\r\n[14]. Halbach, T., 2002. Transcriptional activation by the PHD finger is inhibited through an adjacent leucine zipper that binds 14-3-3 proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 3542\u20133550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/28.18.3542<br \/>\r\n[15]. 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Oxylipins: Structurally diverse metabolites from fatty acid oxidation. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 47, 511\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2008.12.011<br \/>\r\n[27]. Nayak, S.N., Agarwal, G., Pandey, M.K., Sudini, H.K., Jayale, A.S., 2017. Aspergillus flavus infection triggered immune responses and host-pathogen cross-talks in groundnut during in-vitro seed colonization. Sci. Rep. 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-09260-8<br \/>\r\n[28]. Nielsen, N.C., Dickinson, C.D., Cho, T.J., Thanh, V.H., Scallon, B.J., Fischer, R.L., Sims, T.L., Drews, G.N., Goldberg, R.B., 1989. Characterization of the glycinin gene family in soybean. Plant Cell 1, 313\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1105\/tpc.1.3.313<br \/>\r\n[29]. Nigam, S.N., Waliyar, F., Aruna, R., Reddy, S. V., Kumar, P.L., Craufurd, P.Q., Diallo, A.T., Ntare, B.R., Upadhyaya, H.D., 2009. Breeding Peanut for Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination at ICRISAT. Peanut Sci. 36, 42\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3146\/at07-008.1<br \/>\r\n[30]. Park, C., Kim, K., Shin, R., Mee, J., Shin, Y., \u00c3, K.P., 2004. Pathogenesis-related protein 10 isolated from hot pepper functions as a ribonuclease in an antiviral pathway 186\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2003.01951.x<br \/>\r\n[31]. Park, J., Halitschke, R., Kim, H.B., Baldwin, I.T., Feldmann, K.A., 2002. A knock-out mutation in allene oxide synthase results in male sterility and defective wound signal transduction in Arabidopsis due to a block in jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Plant J. 31, 1\u201312.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Rodrigues, P., Ven\u00e2ncio, A., Kozakiewicz, Z., Lima, N., 2009. A polyphasic approach to the identification of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus Section Flavi isolated from Portuguese almonds. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 129, 187\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.11.023<br \/>\r\n[33]. Shewry, P.R., 1995. Plant Storage Proteins. Biol. Rev. 70, 375\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1995.tb01195.x<br \/>\r\n[34]. Szerszen, J.B., Pettit, R.E., 1990. Detection and partial characterization of new polypeptides in peanut cotyledons associated with early stages of infection by Aspergillus spp. Phytopathology 80, 1432\u20131438.<br \/>\r\n[35]. van Loon, L.C., Rep, M., Pieterse, C., 2006. Significance of Inducible Defense-related Proteins in Infected Plants. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 44, 135\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143425<br \/>\r\n[36]. Waliyar, F., Umeh, V.C., Traore, A., Osiru, M., Ntare, B.R., Diarra, B., Kodio, O., Krishna, K.V., Sudini, H., 2015. Prevalence and distribution of a fl atoxin contamination in groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L .) in Mali , West Africa. Crop Prot. 70, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cropro.2014.12.007<br \/>\r\n[37]. Wang, Y., Nowak, G., Culley, D., Hadwiger, L.A., Fristensky, B., 1999. Constitutive Expression of Pea Defense Gene DRR206 Confers Resistance to Blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) Disease in Transgenic Canola (Brassica napus), Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions MPMI.<br \/>\r\n[38]. Yin, D., Liu, H., Zhang, X., 2011. A Protocol for Extraction of High-quality RNA and DNA from Peanut Plant Tissues. Mol. Biotechnol. 49, 187\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12033-011-9391-9<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Robert O. Okayo, Darius O. Andika, Mathews M. Dida, George O. K\u2019Otuto and Bernard M. Gichimu &#8220;Exploring the Changes of Resistant Genes Expression in Groundnuts <i>Arachis Hypogea<\/i> In Response to <i>Aspergillus Flavus<\/i> Exposure at Seedling Stage&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.203-208 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/203-208.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/203-208.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exploring-the-changes-of-resistant-genes-expression-in-groundnuts-arachis-hypogea-in-response-to-aspergillus-flavus-exposure-at-seedling-stage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Exploring the Changes of Resistant Genes Expression in Groundnuts <i>Arachis Hypogea<\/i> In Response to <i>Aspergillus Flavus<\/i> Exposure at Seedling Stage<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb937f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcb937f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb9452 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb9452\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb95d9\" data-id=\"dcb95d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb9702 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb9702\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb97a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb97a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb990a\" data-id=\"dcb990a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb9a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcb9a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Radiological Assessment of the Activity concentrations of <sup>40<\/sup>K, <sup>232<\/sup>Th, <sup>238<\/sup>U and Exposure Levels in the Rosterman Gold Mine of Lurambi Area, Western, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Conrad Khisa Wanyama, John Wanjala Makokha, Fred Wekesa Masinde, Stanley Muthama Matsitsi &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 209-212<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcb9acb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcb9acb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb9c49\" data-id=\"dcb9c49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb9d82 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcb9d82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Lurambi &#8211; Rosterman gold mine consist of miners who engage in daily small-scale artisanal gold mining activities. The gold mine wastes may contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) which may pose a potential health risk to this population. In this survey, thirty samples were collected from sediments in the tunnels for radioactivity measurements using the NaI(Tl) gamma ray spectrometer. The activity concentrations of <sup>40<\/sup>K, <sup>232<\/sup>Th and <sup>238<\/sup>U were 262 \u00b1 11.48, 114 \u00b1 5.78 and 84 \u00b1 2.64 Bqkg<sup>-1<\/sup>, respectively. The mean radium equivalent for all the collected samples was 274 \u00b1 12.90 Bqkg<sup>-1<\/sup> which is less than the recommended limit of 370 Bqkg<sup>-1<\/sup>. The mean outdoor and indoor annual effective dose rates were 0.4 \u00b1 0.02 and 0.3 \u00b1 0.01 mSvy<sup>-1<\/sup> respectively. Since the radium equivalent was less than the recommended criterion value, mining of gold at Rosterman poses no radiological hazardous health risk to the miners and the general public.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 209-212\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Conrad Khisa Wanyama <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science, Technology and Engineering, Kibabii University, P.O BOX1699-50200 Bungoma, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> John Wanjala Makokha <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science, Technology and Engineering, Kibabii University, P.O BOX1699-50200 Bungoma, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Fred Wekesa Masinde <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Physical Sciences, University of Kabianga, P.O BOX 2030-20200 Kericho, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Stanley Muthama Matsitsi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Physical Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, and P.O BOX 170-90200 Kitui, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Kinsara, A. A., Shabana, E. I. and Qutub, M. M. T. Natural radioactivity in some building materials originating from a high background radiation area. Int. J. Innovation Educ. Res. 2(6), 70\u201378 (2014).<br \/>\r\n[2] UNSCEAR, (2008). United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiation, sources, and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes United Nations. United Nations, New York<br \/>\r\n[3] Xinwei L, Lingquig W, Xiaodan J, Leipeng Y, Gelian D (2006) Specific activity and hazards of Archeozoic\u2013Cambrian rock samples collected from the Weibei area of Xhaanxi, China. Radiat Prot Dosim 118(3):352\u2013359<br \/>\r\n[4] Aborisade, C. A., Olomo, J. B., &amp; Tchokossa, P. (2003). Radioactivity in palm oil produced at Olabisi Ogunbanjo University Oil Mill. Nigeria Journal of Physics, 15, 17e19.<br \/>\r\n[5] UNSCEAR (2000) Sources, effects, and risks of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Exposures from natural sources, 2000 report to General Assembly, Annex B, New York<br \/>\r\n[6] UNSCEAR (1993). United Nations Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation. Exposure from natural sources of radiation. United Nations, New York.<br \/>\r\n[7] UNSCEAR. (2017). Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, United Nations, New York.<br \/>\r\n[8] Matsitsi, S. M., Linturi, J. M., Kebwaro, J. M., &amp; Kirago, L. M. (2020). Radiometric survey of the Tyaa river sand mine in Kitui, Kenya. Radiation Protection Dosimetry.<br \/>\r\n[9] Odumo BO (2009). Radiological survey and elemental analysis in the gold mining belt, southern Nyanza, Kenya, M.Sc Thesis, University of Nairobi<br \/>\r\n[10] Patel JP (1991). Environmental radiation survey of the area of high natural radioactivity of Mrima hill of Kenya. Discovery and Innovation, 3(3): 31-35.<br \/>\r\n[11] ICRP. (2015). Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1. (Oxford Pentagon press: ICRP; Publication) pP. 130<br \/>\r\n[12] Kebwaro, M. J., Rathore,S.V., Hashim, N.O., &amp; Mustapha, A.O. (2011). Radiometric assessment of natural radioactivity levels around Mrima Hill, Kenya. International Journal of the physical sciences. 6(13): 3105-3110.<br \/>\r\n[13] Kurnaz A, Keser R, Okumusoglu NT, Karahan G, Cevic U (2007). Determination of radioactivity levels and hazards of soil and sediment samples in Firtina Valley (Turkey). Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 65(2007): 1281-1289.<br \/>\r\n[14] IAEA. (2010). Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments: International Atomic Energy Agency.<br \/>\r\n[15] Achola, S., Patel, J., Mustapha, A., &amp; Angeyo, H. (2012). Natural radioactivity and external dose in the high background radiation area of Lambwe East, Southwestern Kenya. Radiation protection dosimetry, 152(4), 423-428.<br \/>\r\n[16] Wanyama, C. K. Makokha, W.J and Masinde W.F. (2020). A Radiological Survey in Tailings: A Case Study of Rosterman Gold Mine, Western Kenya. Open Access Library Journal, 7(05), 1.<br \/>\r\n[17] ICRP. (2000). Protection of the public in situations of prolonged radiation exposure ICRP Publication 82; Ann. ICRP 29 (1\u20132), Pentagon Press, Oxford.<br \/>\r\n[18] Otwoma, D., Patel, J.P., Bartilol, S., and Mustapha, O.A. (2013). Estimation of annual effective dose and radiation hazards due to natural radionuclides in mount Homa, southwestern Kenya. Radiation protection dosimetry. 155(4): 497-504.<br \/>\r\n[19] 19. ICRP. (2005). Low-dose extrapolation of radiation related cancer risks. International Commission on radiological protection. Oxford: Pentagon press.<br \/>\r\n[20] UNSCEAR. (2010). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes. New York: United Nations.<br \/>\r\n[21] ICRP. (2007) 2006 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication no.103, Pergamon Press, Oxford.<br \/>\r\n[22] World Health Organization WHO. Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective. (Geneva: WHO) (2008).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Conrad Khisa Wanyama, John Wanjala Makokha, Fred Wekesa Masinde, Stanley Muthama Matsitsi &#8220;Radiological Assessment of the Activity concentrations of <sup>40<\/sup>K, <sup>232<\/sup>Th, <sup>238<\/sup>U and Exposure Levels in the Rosterman Gold Mine of Lurambi Area, Western, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.209-212 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/209-212.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/209-212.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/radiological-assessment-of-the-activity-concentrations-of-40k-232th-238u-and-exposure-levels-in-the-rosterman-gold-mine-of-lurambi-area-western-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Radiological Assessment of the Activity concentrations of <sup>40<\/sup>K, <sup>232<\/sup>Th, <sup>238<\/sup>U and Exposure Levels in the Rosterman Gold Mine of Lurambi Area, Western, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbac1b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcbac1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbace9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbace9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbae69\" data-id=\"dcbae69\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbaf88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcbaf88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbb025 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbb025\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbb2f7\" data-id=\"dcbb2f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbb4b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcbb4b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women in Nyanya, Federal Capital Territory, Abuj<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Chime, Helen E., Abdul-Baqi, A. Magaji, Makanjuola, O. Florence &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 213-222<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbb5b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbb5b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbb782\" data-id=\"dcbb782\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbb8db elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcbb8db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was carried out to assess the prevalence and evaluate the attitude and practice of domestic violence against women living in Nyanya, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Two hundred and forty five questionnaires were used in this study. Simple random sampling method was used in this study; records were also obtained from the Department of Social and Welfare, Abuja, for the years 2005 to 2015 to check prevalence. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data obtained. The instrument was reliable at Cronbach\u2019s alpha value, \u03b1 = 0.92. Descriptive statistics (mean, percentages, frequencies) was used to answer the research questions. Among the age group sampled, women between the age of 21- 30years of age experienced domestic violence most in Nyanya community In all for the space of 11 years (2005 to 2015) only 159 cases of domestic violence was reported, and documented. Dwindling love relationship was the major reason of domestic violence and next to it was traditional practices and nagging on the part of the women. Domestic violence is not prevalent in Nyanya, however the incidence of it cannot be ignored. Therefore, Governmental, non-governmental, religious and other organizations as well as family members should endeavor to put this ugly incidence to end in our societies.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 213-222\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chime, Helen E. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume, Kwale, Delta State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul-Baqi, A. Magaji<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Health Technology, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Makanjuola, O. Florence <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume, Kwale, Delta State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abama, E. and Chris, M.A.K. (2009). Violence Against Women in Nigeria: How the Millennium Development Goals Addresses the Challenge. The Journal of Pan African Studies. 3(3)23- 34.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Abayomi, A.A. (2014),Sociological implications of domestic violence on children\u2019s development in Nigeria. Journal of African Studies and Development. 6(1): 8- 13.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Alokan, F.B. (2013). Domestic Violence Against Women: A Family Menace.1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, AIIC. 24-26.<br \/>\r\n[4]. George, T.A. (2015). Lethal Violence against Women in Nigeria (2006 \u2013 2014). IFRA-Nigeria epapers series. 43: 1- 48.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Igbokwe, C.C., Ukwuma, M.C. and Onugwu, K.J. (2013). Domestic Violence against Women: Challenges to Health and Innovation. JORIND 11(2): 27- 35.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Olujide, A.A., Oluremi, H. and Abimbola, O. and Sussan, O. A. (2011). Domestic Violence in A Semi-Urban Neighbourhood. Gender &amp;Behaviour; 9(2): 4247- 4261.<br \/>\r\n[7]. United Nations (2009). Violence against women. Published by the UN Department of Public Information, DPI\/2546A. 2pp.<br \/>\r\n[8]. UW Extension (2012). \u201cFamily Financial Education; Financial capabilities and Domestic violence\u201d. Issue Briefs. 2: 1- 4.<br \/>\r\n[9]. WHO (2013). Violence against Women: The Health Sector Responds http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/topics\/violence\/en\/<br \/>\r\n[10]. WHO (2017). Violence against women. Retrieved from www.who.int<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chime, Helen E., Abdul-Baqi, A. Magaji, Makanjuola, O. Florence &#8220;Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women in Nyanya, Federal Capital Territory, Abuj&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.213-222 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/213-222.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/213-222.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prevalence-of-domestic-violence-against-women-in-nyanya-federal-capital-territory-abuja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women in Nyanya, Federal Capital Territory, Abuj<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbc65e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcbc65e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbc727 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbc727\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbc89b\" data-id=\"dcbc89b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbc9b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcbc9b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbca54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbca54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbcbb1\" data-id=\"dcbcbb1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbccc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcbccc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Repair the Layout of Finish Goods Due to Fire Precautions in Warehouse of Manufacture Industry<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Sa\u2019dillah, Setyo Riyanto &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 223-228<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbcd5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbcd5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbced6\" data-id=\"dcbced6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbcff7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcbcff7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The objective to be achieved in writing this article is to design the layout of finished goods in an efficient warehouse which refers to the guidelines for fire prevention, so that the fulfillment of finished goods based on demand remains fulfilled and the accumulation of goods is carried out by the FIFO method. Arrange the layout of the new warehouse in the warehouse using the pyramid stacking method and special clusters because the available storage locations are determined based on groups of goods making it easier for warehouse operators to identify and store. The difference between the initial layout and the proposed layout is based on the data contained in the Guidelines. The finished goods before the application of fire prevention measures are 2729 pallets position, and after the application of 2394 pallets position, there are 335 pallets depreciations, where fire precaution of storage area is have been successfully implemented.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 223-228\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sa\u2019dillah <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMagister Program Student, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Setyo Riyanto<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] CFPA Europe. 2017. European Guideline \u2013 Fire Safety in Warehouse. CFPA-E-Guideline Publishing<br \/>\r\n[2] Clariant International Ltd. 2014. Clariant Corporate Guideline 9; Fire Precautions for warehousing, issue date December 2014. Muttenz: Switzerland<br \/>\r\n[3] Clariant International Ltd. 2019. Clariant Integrated Report 2019. Access date on 10 June 2020 at http:\/\/reports.clariant.com\/2019\/integrated-report\/<br \/>\r\n[4] Departemetn of Defense. 1979. Storage and Material Handling. Washington DC<br \/>\r\n[5] ESHA. 2020. Safe Use and Storage of Small and Jumbo Bag: Controlling the Fire Risk. Clariant &#8211; ESHA Departement<br \/>\r\n[6] Heragu, S. 2008. Facilities Design. PWS Publishing Company: Boston.<br \/>\r\n[7] Indrajit, R. E. &amp; Djokopranoto, R. 2003. Manajemen Persediaan, PT. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia: Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[8] John Willey and Sons, Inc., USA. Yamit, Z. 1999. Manajemen Persediaan. Ekonisia: Yogyakarta<br \/>\r\n[9] NFPA 230. 2003. Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage Scope. Volume 6 of the 2001 National Fire Code and in Separate Pamphlet Form.<br \/>\r\n[10] OSHA 1926.151. 2019. Fire Protection and Prevention. E-CFR. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Access date on June 2020 https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-03\/fireprotection.pdf<br \/>\r\n[11] OSHA. 2002. Materials Handling and Storing. U.S. Departement of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.<br \/>\r\n[12] Rahardhio. 2020. Presentasi Kapasitas Warehouse Penyesuaian Fire Precautions. Not Published.<br \/>\r\n[13] Relibale Plant. 2019. Hazardous Materials Storage Guideline. Publised by Noria. Access date on 12 June 2020 at https:\/\/www.reliableplant.com\/Read\/503\/hazardous-materials-storage<br \/>\r\n[14] Ristono, A. 2008. Manajemen Persediaan. Graha Ilmu: Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[15] Tersine, R. J. 1994. Principles of Inventory and Materials Management. Fourth Edition. PTR Prentice Hall, Inc: New Jersey.<br \/>\r\n[16] Tompkins, J. A., White, J. A., Bozer, Y. A., &amp; Tanchoco, J.M.A. 2003. Facilities Planning. Third edition.<br \/>\r\n[17] WHO. 2014. Security and Fire Protection in Storage Facilities. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press<br \/>\r\n[18] Yulianto, Erwin. 2018. Simulation of Goods Placement Management in 3D-Based Warehouse Using Block Stacking Methode<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sa\u2019dillah, Setyo Riyanto &#8220;Repair the Layout of Finish Goods Due to Fire Precautions in Warehouse of Manufacture Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.223-228 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/223-228.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/223-228.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/repair-the-layout-of-finish-goods-due-to-fire-precautions-in-warehouse-of-manufacture-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Repair the Layout of Finish Goods Due to Fire Precautions in Warehouse of Manufacture Industry<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbde89 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcbde89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbdf58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbdf58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe0d6\" data-id=\"dcbe0d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe1fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcbe1fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe29b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbe29b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe460\" data-id=\"dcbe460\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe588 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcbe588\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Polyaniline Encapsulated Azo Dyes<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong> Obadahun.J, Oparah, E.N, Agho O.B, Okeh.Q, and S.A Ojo &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 229-236<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe628 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcbe628\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe804\" data-id=\"dcbe804\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbe942 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcbe942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Polyaniline encapsulated azo dyes were synthesized from polyaniline obtained by oxidative polymerization of aniline and different azo dyes obtained from 2-aminothiophene intermediates. Two different polyaniline encapsulated azo dyes were synthesized and there molecular weight ranges from from 58,044- 58,128g\/mol. The melting points were found to be from 286\u00b0C- 319\u00b0C. Spectroscopic assessment such as FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS were carried out to elucidate the structures of the synthesized polyaniline encapsulated azo dyes. The FT-IR spectra of the \u00a0polyaniline encapsulated azo dyes showed absorption peaks in the range 3213.0- 3242.8cm<sup>-1<\/sup> due to the presence of an amino group, The benzenoid and quinoid rings for all the polyaniline encapsulated azo dyes appeared in the range 1461-1487cm<sup>-1<\/sup> and 1543-1595cm<sup>-1<\/sup> respectively while the carbon nitrogen single bond (C-N)\u00a0 absorption were found in the range 1263.6-1285cm<sup>-1<\/sup>. For the assessment of the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized polyaniline encapsulated azo dyes different microorganism such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Candida albican, and Aspergillus niger were selected based on their pharmacological incidence and Agar well diffusion method was used. The result of the antimicrobial studies showed zones of inhibition ranging from 14-34mm. The strong activities of the synthesized polyaniline encapsulated azo dyes against staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and candida albican showed that it may be effective against infectious diseases which these microorganism cause. The MIC value of 12.5mg\/ml and MBC\/MBF value of 12.5mg\/ml of the synthesized polyaniline encapsulated Dye A and Dye B had activities against staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi as compared to polyaniline and the dyes individually.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 229-236\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obadahun.J <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (Nilest), P.M.B1034 Samaru, Zaria. Kaduna state<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Oparah, E.N <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, NILEST, Samaru-Zaria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Agho O.B <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Okeh.Q <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (Nilest), P.M.B1034 Samaru, Zaria. Kaduna state<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Oparah, E.N <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology (Nilest), P.M.B1034 Samaru, Zaria. Kaduna state<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Yilmaz.K, Akgoz.A, Cabuk.M, Karaagak.O and Yavuz.M. (2011). Electrical Transport, Optical and Thermal Properties of Polyaniline-Pumice Composites. Material Chemistry and Physics. Vol 130, pp 956-961.<br \/>\r\n[2] Chandrasekhar.P. (1999). Conducting Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications: A Practical Approach.Kluwar Academic, Boston, pp 997-1019.<br \/>\r\n[3] Allen J.E, Marjia.G.N and Sidjan.S. (2009). Bioactive Aniline Copolymer. 86, pp. 161-165.<br \/>\r\n[4] Marija.R, Gizdavio-Nikolaidis J.R, Bennett.S.S, Allan.J and Easteal.M.A. (2011). Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of Functionalized Polyaniline.Acter Biomater vol 7.4207-4209.<br \/>\r\n[5] Alaa.S and Tarek.H. Dyes and Pigments. (2006). Vol 70, pp 80.<br \/>\r\n[6] Maradiya, H.R and Patel V.S. (2010). Synthesis and Dyeing Performance of Some Novel Thiazole Azo Disperse Dyes. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society.<br \/>\r\n[7] Krzysztof Bienkowski. (2006). Polyaniline and its Derivatives Doped with Lewis Acids-Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties. A Dessertation in Chemistry.Joseph Fourier University-Grenobe 1 War Saw University of Technology, pp 6- 37.<br \/>\r\n[8] Karunanithy.P, Prasad.R.G.S.V, Jakka.V.S, Aparna.R.S.L, Phani.A.R, Prabhakara.G.S and Azar.A.S. (2013). Enhanced antimicrobial activity of polyaniline grafted chitosan. Advance Science Engineering and Medicine. 5: 420\u2013426.<br \/>\r\n[9] Nirmala. K. J, Narenda. P.S.C, Kiran. M. R.A and Pink B.P. (2015). Synthesis of Dye-Substituted Polyaniline and the Study of Their Conducting and Antimicrobial Behavior. Cogent Chemistry Research Article, pp 1-14.<br \/>\r\n[10] Salie.F, Eagles.P.F.K and Leng.H.M.J. (1996). Preliminary Antimicrobial Screening of Four South African Asteraceae Species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 76: 347-354<br \/>\r\n[11] Afolayan, A.J and Aliero, A.A. (2006). Antimicrobial Activity of Solanumtomentosum.African Journal of Biotechnology, 5 (4): 369-372.<br \/>\r\n[12] Chandravadivelu.G and Senniappani.P. (2011). In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Derivative of Azo Dye from Cyano Ester. International Journal of Research Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 3(1), 1-7.<br \/>\r\n[13] Shridhar.H.H, Keshavayya.J, Peethambar.S.K and Joy Hoskeri.H. (2012). Synthesis and Biological Activities of Bis \u2013alkyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole Incoperated Azo dye Derivative. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. Vol 4, pp 386-390.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Obadahun.J, Oparah, E.N, Agho O.B, Okeh.Q, and S.A Ojo &#8220;Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Polyaniline Encapsulated Azo Dyes&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.229-236 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/229-236.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/229-236.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/synthesis-characterization-and-antimicrobial-properties-of-polyaniline-encapsulated-azo-dyes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Polyaniline Encapsulated Azo Dyes<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc083d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcc083d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc091f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc091f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc0a9b\" data-id=\"dcc0a9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc0bc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc0bc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc0c6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc0c6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc0dd5\" data-id=\"dcc0dd5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc0ef1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc0ef1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organizational Citizenship Behavior Role in Mediating the Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance in Gold Industry of Saudi Arabia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Aref Abdulkarem Ali Alhasheedi, Barjoyai Bin Bardai , Maged Mustafa Mahyoub &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 237-249<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc0f8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc0f8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc1123\" data-id=\"dcc1123\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc1286 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcc1286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper mainly aims at investigating the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behaviour in the relationship between transformational leadership behaviour and organizational performance as well as the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behaviour in the relationship between psychological ownership, working environment, employee involvement, incentives, and employee motivation, and organizational performance. To achieve the objectives of the study, quantitative research approach was applied through a questionnaire specifically designed to collect primary information from the samples of the study, which consisted of (250) managers in gold shops in Jaddah. The collected data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 and Smart-PLS 3. The results showed that organization citizenship behaviour mediates the relationship between transformational leadership behaviour, psychological ownership and incentives, and organizational performance in the Saudi Arabian gold industry. Also, organization citizenship behaviour has no mediating effect on the relationship between working environment, employee involvement, employee motivation, and organizational performance in the Saudi Arabian gold industry. At the end of this study, the researcher recommended the need to encouraging the practice of organizational citizenship behaviours by developing a set of special regulations and instructions, and consider organizational citizenship behaviours as one of the important criteria in the annual performance appraisal models for employees.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 237-249\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Aref Abdulkarem Ali Alhasheedi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAl-Madinah International University Malaysia\/Faculty of Finance &amp; Admin. Science<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Barjoyai Bin Bardai <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAl-Madinah International University Malaysia\/Faculty of Finance &amp; Admin. Science<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Maged Mustafa Mahyoub<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAl-Madinah International University Malaysia\/Faculty of Finance &amp; Admin. Science<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abusharbeh, M. T., &amp; Nazzal, H. H. (2018). 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Emotional intelligence and job performance: The role of enactment and focus on others\u2019 emotions. Human Performance, 30(2-3), 135-153.<br \/>\r\n[46] Peng, H., &amp; Pierce, J. (2015). Job-and organization-based psychological ownership: Relationship and outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(2), 151-168.<br \/>\r\n[47] Prabhakar, A. (2016). Analysis of high job satisfaction relationship with employee loyalty in context to workplace environment. IJAR, 2(4), 640-643<br \/>\r\n[48] PratimaSarangi, D., &amp; Nayak, B. (2018). Employee Engagement and Its Impact on Organizational Success\u2013A Study in Manufacturing Company, India, OSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 18(4), 52-57.<br \/>\r\n[49] Rahmati, A., &amp; Mohebi, M. D. (2016). Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction of Primary health care providers (behvarz). Electronic Journal of Biology, 13(1), 1-5.<br \/>\r\n[50] Raja, U., Sheikh, R. A., Abbas, M., &amp; Bouckenooghe, D. (2018). Do procedures really matter when rewards are more important? A Pakistani perspective on the effects of distributive and procedural justice on employee behaviors. Revue Europ\u00e9enne de Psychologie Appliqu\u00e9e, 68(2), 79-88.<br \/>\r\n[51] Robescu, O., &amp; Iancu, A. G. (2016). The Effects of Motivation on Employees Performance in Organizations. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 7(2), 49-56.<br \/>\r\n[52] Ruganzi, D. (2017). Effect of Employee engagement on organizational performance: Case of African Evangelistic Enterprise (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rwanda).<br \/>\r\n[53] Saudi Mining &amp; Minerals. (2015). Available At: http:\/\/www.alsarabia.com\/news\/Saudi-Mining&#8211;Minerals-2015_500.<br \/>\r\n[54] Shahin, A., Shabani Naftchali, J., &amp; Khazaei Pool, J. (2014). Developing a model for the influence of perceived organizational climate on organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational performance based on balanced score card. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 290-307.<br \/>\r\n[55] Shanker, M. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior in relation to employees\u2019 intention to stay in Indian organizations. Business Process Management Journal, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/BPMJ-02-2018-0048.<br \/>\r\n[56] Soane, E., Butler, C., &amp; Stanton, E. (2015). Followers\u2019 personality, transformational leadership and performance. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 5(1), 65-78.<br \/>\r\n[57] Tufail, M. S., Muneer, S., &amp; Manzoor, M. (2017). How organizational rewards and organizational justice affect the organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior: analysis of pakistan service industries. City University Research Journal Special Issue: AIC, Malaysia PP 171-182.<br \/>\r\n[58] World Gold Council, (WGC). (2011). New research suggests higher allocations to gold could benefit portfolios in both inflationary and deflationary scenarios, World Gold Council and Oxford Economics, 11th July, London.<br \/>\r\n[59] World Gold Council, (WGC). (2014). Available At: http:\/\/www.gold.org\/news-and-events.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aref Abdulkarem Ali Alhasheedi, Barjoyai Bin Bardai, Maged Mustafa Mahyoub &#8220;Organizational Citizenship Behavior Role in Mediating the Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance in Gold Industry of Saudi Arabia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.237-249 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/237-249.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/237-249.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/organizational-citizenship-behavior-role-in-mediating-the-effect-of-transformational-leadership-on-organizational-performance-in-gold-industry-of-saudi-arabia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Organizational Citizenship Behavior Role in Mediating the Effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance in Gold Industry of Saudi Arabia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc210f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcc210f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc21e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc21e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc2387\" data-id=\"dcc2387\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc24b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc24b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc2552 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc2552\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc26c4\" data-id=\"dcc26c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc27da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc27da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Assessment of Primary School EFL Teachers&#8217; Job Burnout<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Teshale Ayalew, Getachew Seyum, Adege Alemu &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 250-260<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc287b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc287b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc2a0e\" data-id=\"dcc2a0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc2bbc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcc2bbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study is to examine the level of EFL Teachers&#8217; Burnout in Jimma Zone, Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia for many public primary schools EFL teachers in the Zone have shown their dissatisfaction and demotivation towards their job in different ways. The phenomenon implies that teachers in the Zone might experience occupational stress. To enable EFL teachers discharge their full responsibility, their problems need to be assessed and addressed properly. This is because the teachers who experience negative emotional states and burnout cannot care about their work, their students, their colleagues, and even for themselves. Moreover, the teachers who experienced such harmful feeling cannot get prepared for everyday lessons properly, cannot teach and assess students meaningfully, and can miss classes frequently, etc. because they are emotionally ill and react to such state of mind wrongly. The objectives of the study are to examine the level and impact of burnout among EFL teachers&#8217; and which gender group does burnout affect more seriously; thus, descriptive survey with mixed design was applied. The result obtained suggests that most EFL teachers in the Zone experience high level of burnout. Specifically, female EFL teachers experience higher level of burnout compared to their male counterparts.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 250-260\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Teshale Ayalew<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Student, Department of English Language and Literature, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jimma University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Getachew Seyum<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, PhD in TEFL, Department of English Language and Literature, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jimma University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Adege Alemu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD in TEFL, Department of English Language and Literature, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jimma University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abiy Gizaw. 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Sweden: Stockholm, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet<br \/>\r\n[54] Tuithof, M., Have, M., Beekman, A., Dorsselaer, S., Kleinjan, M., Schaufelic, W.,&amp; Graaf,<br \/>\r\n[55] R. (2017). The Interplay Between Emotional Exhaustion, Common Mental Disorders Functioning and Health Care Use in the Working Population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 100 (4).<br \/>\r\n[56] UNESCO (2013). Assessment of Teacher Training and Development Needs to Ensure Education For All (EFA). Ministry of Education, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.<br \/>\r\n[57] Workneh, A. &amp;Tassew , W. (2013). Teacher Training and Development in Ethiopia: Improving Education Quality by Developing Teacher Skills, Attitudes and Work Conditions. London:Young Lives<br \/>\r\n[58] \u1275\/\u121a. (2009\/2017). \u12e8\u1200\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u121d\u12d8\u1293\u1293 \u12e8\u1348\u1270\u1293\u12ce\u127d \u12a4\u1300\u1295\u1232 \u12a8\u1263\u1208\u12f5\u122d\u123b \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275\u130b\u122d \u1208\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u1228\u1275 \u1309\u1263\u12a4 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300 \u1230\u1290\u12f5\u1361\u1361 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u1228\u1275 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1274<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Teshale Ayalew, Getachew Seyum, Adege Alemu &#8220;An Assessment of Primary School EFL Teachers&#8217; Job Burnout&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.250-260 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/250-260.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/250-260.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-assessment-of-primary-school-efl-teachers-job-burnout\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>An Assessment of Primary School EFL Teachers&#8217; Job Burnout<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc3c6d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcc3c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc3d66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc3d66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc3efb\" data-id=\"dcc3efb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc401a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc401a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc40b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc40b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc425c\" data-id=\"dcc425c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc43c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc43c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis Effect of Investment Decision, Financing and Dividend Policy on Value Company with Variable Business Risk as Mediation<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Sihwahjoeni, Edi Subiyantoro, and Maria Ringi Bili &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 261-269<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc446f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc446f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc4607\" data-id=\"dcc4607\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc4748 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcc4748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of investment decisions to business risk, analyze the impact of funding decisions against business risks, analyze the impact of dividend policy on business risk, predict whether the investment decisions affect the value of the company, to predict whether the investment decisions affect the value of the company by the business risk as a variable mediator, predicts whether funding decisions affect the value of the company, to predict whether financing decisions affect the value of the company with the business risk as mediator variables, to predict whether the dividend policy affects the value of the company, to predict whether the dividend policy affects the value of the company with the business risk as a mediator variable, Predict whether the business risks affects the value of the company. The sample in this study as many as 14 companies of food and beverages-year period from 2013 to 2017. The analysis technique using path analysis. The analysis showed that the investment decision does not affect the business risk. The funding decision does not affect the business risk. Funding policy has no effect on the business risk. The investment decision has no effect on the value of the company. The investment decision has no effect on the value of the company with the business risk as a mediator variable. Funding decisions affect the value of the company. The funding decision does not affect the value of the company with the business risk as a mediator variable. Dividend policy affects the value of the company. Dividend policy does not affect the value of the company with the business risk as a mediator variable. The business risks do not affect the value of the company.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 261-269\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sihwahjoeni <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Edi Subiyantoro <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Maria Ringi Bili<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akhtaruddin, M., Hossain, M. A., Hossain, M., and Yao, L. 2009. \u201cCorporate Governance and Voluntary Disclosure in Corporate Annual Reports of Malaysian Listed Firms\u201d. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research, (Winter):1-20.<br \/>\r\n[2] Alza, Reza Zulfikar dan A.A Gde Satia Utama. 2018. Pengaruh Kebijakan Pendanaan, Kebijakan Investasi, Dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Risiko Bisnis Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Indeks LQ45 2011-2015). Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis Airlangga. Vol. 3. No. 1: 396-415.<br \/>\r\n[3] Anita, Aprilia dan Arief Yulianto. 2016. Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial Dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Management Analysis Journal. Vol. 5 (1): 17 \u2013 23.<br \/>\r\n[4] Ayuni, Yulia Efni dan Haryetti. 2014. Pengaruh Keputusan Pendanaan Dan Kebijakan Deviden Yang Dimediasi Resiko Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Aneka Industri Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Priode 2008-2012. JOM Fekon. Vol. 1 No. 2: 1 \u2013 15.<br \/>\r\n[5] Brigham, Eugene F. dan Joel F. Houston. 2011. Dasar-dasar Manajemen Keuangan. Edisi kesebelas, dialihbahasakan oleh Ali Akbar Yulianto. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.<br \/>\r\n[6] Cahyaningdyah, Dwi dan Yustiena Dian Ressany 2012. Pengaruh Kebijakan Manajemen Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen. 3 (1)<br \/>\r\n[7] Capriani, Ni Wayan Wita dan I Made Dana. 2016. Pengaruh Risiko Kredit Risiko Operasional Dan Risiko Likuiditas Terhadap Profitabilitas BPR Di Kota Denpasar. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, Vol. 5, No. 3: 1486-1512<br \/>\r\n[8] Dewi, Luh Putu Utami Kartika dan I Wayan Pradnyantha Wirasedana. 2015. 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Principles of Managerial Finance. 13th edition. Global Edition: Pearson Education Limited.<br \/>\r\n[13] Grahita Chandrarin 2017. Metode Penelitian Riset Akuntansi Pendekatan Kuantitatif. Salemba Empat. Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[14] Hanafi, Mamduh M. dan Abdul Halim. 2014. Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Edisi tujuh., UPP AMP YKPN, Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[15] Harjito, Agus D. dan Martono. 2013. Manajemen Keuangan. Edisi kedua. Yogyakarta: EKONISA.<br \/>\r\n[16] Harmono. 2017. Manajemen Keuangan Berbasis Balanced Scorecard Pendekatan Teori, Kasus, dan Riset Bisnis. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta<br \/>\r\n[17] Horne, James C. Van dan John M Wachowicz, Jr. 2012. Prinsip-prinsip Manajemen Keuangan. Edisi 13. Salemba Empat. Jakarta.<br \/>\r\n[18] Mardiyanti, Umi dan Khusfatun Khasanah. 2011. Studi Komparatif Harga, Likuiditas dan Risiko Saham Sebelum dan Sesudah Perusahaan Melakukan Stock Split dan Reverse Split di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia, Vol 2. No. 2: 73 \u2013 94.<br \/>\r\n[19] Rakhimsyah, L.A., dan Barbara Gunawan. 2011. \u201dPengaruh Keputusan Investasi, Keputusan Pendanaan, Kebijakan Deviden Dan Tingkat Suku Bunga Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan\u201d. Jurnal Investasi. Vol.7,No.1,Hal.31-45.<br \/>\r\n[20] Riyanto, Bambang. 2011. Dasar-dasar Pembelanjaan Perusahaan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit GPFE.<br \/>\r\n[21] Siregar, Efni, Yulia Efni dan Ahmad Fauzan Fathoni. 2014. Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi Dan Kebijakan Deviden Yang Di Mediasi Oleh Variabel Risiko Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Aneka Industri Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2008-2012. JOM Fekon. Vol. 1 No. 2: 1 \u2013 15.<br \/>\r\n[22] Suad Husnan dan Enny Pudjiastuti.2012. Dasar-dasar Teori Manajemen Keuangan. Edisi 6. UPP STIM YKPN. Yogyakarta.<br \/>\r\n[23] Sudana, I Made. 2011. Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan Teori dan Praktik. Jakarta: Erlangga.<br \/>\r\n[24] Sugiyono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Cetakan Ke-23. Bandung: CV Alfabeta.<br \/>\r\n[25] Suroto. 2015. Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi, Keputusan Pendanaan Dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan LQ-45 Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Februari 2010-Januari 2015). Serat Acitya \u2013 Jurnal Ilmiah UNTAG Semarang. Vol. 4 No. 3: 100 \u2013 117.<br \/>\r\n[26] Umrie H.S.R Yuliani &amp; Cahyadi A 2011. Analisis Kebijakan Dividen dan Kebijakan Hutang terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Go Publik di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen &amp; Bisnis Universitas Sriwijaya, 19(17): 13-32.<br \/>\r\n[27] Verawaty, Citra Indah Merina, dan Irra Kurniawati. 2016. Analisis Pengembangan Corporate Value berdasarkan Keputusan Investasi dan Pendanaan, Struktur Kepemilikan serta Kebijakan Dividen pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Berkala Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia (BAKI). Volume 1. Nomor 1: 15 \u2013 34.<br \/>\r\n[28] Yuliani, Isnurhadi dan Samadi W Bakar. 2013. Keputusan Investasi, Pendanaan, dan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Resiko Bisnis Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan. Vol.17, No.3.<br \/>\r\n[29] Yuliani. 2011. Leverage Size and Age Mediating Business Diversified to Financial Performance: Empirical Studies of Secondary Sectors in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Proceeding The 2nd International Conference Indonesian Management Scientists Association: 195-212.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sihwahjoeni, Edi Subiyantoro, and Maria Ringi Bili &#8220;Analysis Effect of Investment Decision, Financing and Dividend Policy on Value Company with Variable Business Risk as Mediation&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.261-269 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/261-269.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/261-269.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-effect-of-investment-decision-financing-and-dividend-policy-on-value-company-with-variable-business-risk-as-mediation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis Effect of Investment Decision, Financing and Dividend Policy on Value Company with Variable Business Risk as Mediation<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc5578 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcc5578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc5651 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc5651\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc57ca\" data-id=\"dcc57ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc58e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc58e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc5989 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc5989\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc5af2\" data-id=\"dcc5af2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc5c02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc5c02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Disabilities Induced by Road Traffic Accidents on Academic Achievement of Survivors\u2019 Children before and After Occurrence of Accidents in Kiambu County<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mutia J. Mpekethu, Dr. Franciscah Irangi Wamocho, Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 270-278<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc5c9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc5c9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc6397\" data-id=\"dcc6397\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc650f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcc650f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to assess the academic achievement of RTAs survivors\u2019 children before and after occurrence of accidents in Kiambu County. The study employed the Culture of Poverty Theory as a guiding framework. A descriptive research design was employed involving both qualitative and quantitative methods. The target population was 210 road traffic accident survivors, 420 children as well as one senior official from the Ministry of Education and another official from the County Government of Kiambu. Purposive sampling design was used to sample survivors who had lived with the disability for a period of at least five years. A total of 126 respondents was involved during data collection. Questionnaires, interview guide and document analysis were used to collect data. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively and inferentially based on need and applicability. Qualitative data was analysed through thematic prose discussions. Data was presented using Tables and Figures. The findings show that majority of the students were able to continue with their studies after the accident, but some had to change their learning institutions due to unaffordable fee rates or were forced move to upcountry. Further, the study findings also revealed that majority of parents could not support their children\u2019s educational endeavors which saw majority of the children fail to achieve their academic milestones. From the paired T-Test results, it was found that the mean difference in academic results of the children of RTA survivors before and after the accident was statistically significant at (p=0.000&lt;0.05). The study concluded that the academic achievement of RTAs survivors\u2019 children is significantly affected by the occurrence of accidents. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should develop a policy framework on RTAs survivor\u2019s children education achievement. It should make it mandatory that the children of RTAs survivors are included when budgeting for allocation on special needs children to ensure that their education endeavors are achieved.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 270-278\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mutia J. Mpekethu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Student, School of Education, Department of Early Childhood Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Franciscah Irangi Wamocho<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Abagale, M., Akazili, J., Welaga, P., Dalaba, M., Luu, Y., Abagale, S., &amp; Oduro, R. (2013). The effects of road traffic accidents on society. The case of the Kassena Nankana districts, Ghana: a quantitative survey. The Lancet, 381, S3. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61257-x<br \/>\r\n[2] Adeloye, D., Thompson, J. Y., Akanbi, M. A., Azuh, D., Samuel, V., Omoregbe, N., &amp; Ayo, C. K. (2016). The burden of road traffic crashes, injuries and deaths in Africa: a systematic review and meta- analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(7), 510 521A. http:\/\/dx.doi.org.\/10.2471\/blt.15.163121<br \/>\r\n[3] Annadurai, K., Mani, G., &amp; Danasekaran, R. (2015). Recurring tragedy of road traffic accidents in India: Challenges and opportunities. Indian Journal Of Critical Care Medicine, 19(7), 434. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-5229.160303<br \/>\r\n[4] Bachani, M.A., Kordia, P., Herbert, K. H., Mogere, S., Akungah, D., Nyamari, J., Osoro, E., Maina, W. &amp; Kent A. Stevens, (2012). Road traffic injuries in Kenya: The Health Burden and Risk factors in two districts Traffic injury prevention, 13:sup1, 24-30, Do1: 10.1080\/15389588. 2011.633136.<br \/>\r\n[5] Brinkmans, T. M., Recktlitis, C.J., Grootenhuis, M. A., &amp; Klosky, J. L. (2018). Psychological Symptoms, Social Outcomes, Socioeconomic Attainment, and Health Behaviours among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Current State of the Literature. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36:21, 2190-2197<br \/>\r\n[6] Dai, W., Liu, A., Kaminga, A.C. et al. Prevalence of acute stress disorder among road traffic accident survivors: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 18, 188 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-018- 1769-9<br \/>\r\n[7] Devkota, H.R., Kett, M. &amp; Groce, N. (2019). Societal attitude and behaviours towards women with disabilities in rural Nepal: pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 20 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-019-2171-4<br \/>\r\n[8] Fekadu, W., Mekonen, T., Belete, H., Belete, A., &amp; Yohannes, K. (2019). Incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Road Traffic Accident. Front. Psychiatry, 2(3); 12-23 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00519<br \/>\r\n[9] Mathews, L. R. (2015). Work potential of road accident survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(4):475-8<br \/>\r\n[10] Mayou, R., Tyndel, S., &amp; Bryant, B. (1997). Long-term outcome of motor vehicle accident injury. Psychosomatic<br \/>\r\n[11] Mayou, R., Tyndel, S., &amp; Bryant, B. (2017). Long-term outcome of motor vehicle accident injury. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59(6), 578\u2013584<br \/>\r\n[12] Mekonnen, F.H., &amp; Teshager, S. (2014). Road traffic accident: the neglected health problem in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev, 28(1):3\u201310.<br \/>\r\n[13] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2015). The Economic and Societal Impact Of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2010 (Revised). US Department ofTranspoRTAstion. https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/812013<br \/>\r\n[14] Ndung\u2019u, C., Ratemo, B., &amp; Mwari, L. (2015). Analysis of Causes &amp; Response Strategies of Road Traffic Accidents in Kenya. Journal of Business and Management, 17 (4).<br \/>\r\n[15] Ndurya, M. (2014). Mandera \u201chas no tarmac road\u2019 Daily nation newspaper of Friday August 15th 2014 page 9 column 1.<br \/>\r\n[16] Ngunjiri, N. (2016). Social and economic effects of road accidents in Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[17] Perez, C. M., &amp; Widom, C. S. (2014). Childhood victimization and long-term intellectual and academic outcomes. Child Abuse &amp; Neglect, 18(8); 617-633.<br \/>\r\n[18] Puvanachandra, P., Hoe, C., El-Sayed, H.F., Saad, R. Al-Gasseer, N., Bakrf, M. &amp;Hyder A.A.(2012). Road Traffic safety injuries and data systems in Egypt: Addressing the Challenges, Traffic injury Prevention13: supi, 44-56,Dol:10.1080\/15389588.2011.639417.<br \/>\r\n[19] Sabet, F., Norouzi Tabrizi, K., Khankeh, H., Saadat, S., Abedi, H., &amp; Bastami, A. (2016). Road Traffic Accident Victims\u2019 Experiences of Return to Normal Life: A Qualitative Study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(4). http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5812\/ircmj.29548<br \/>\r\n[20] Smith, A. &amp; Smith, H. (2017). Presceptions of Risk Factors for Road Traffic Accidents. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(1) 140-146.<br \/>\r\n[21] Statistics South Africa. (2009). Road Traffic Deaths in South Africa 2001-2006: Evidence from death notification. http:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publication\/Report-03-09-07\/Report-03-09-07.pdf<br \/>\r\n[22] Staton, C., Vissoc, J., Gong, E., and Toomey, N. (2016). Road Traffic Injury Prevention Initiatives: A Systematic Review and Meta summary of Effectiveness in Low and Middle Income Countries. PLOS; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0144971<br \/>\r\n[23] Top 25 countries In car accidents (Internet). Worldatlas. 2016 (cited 2016 Jun 29). Available from: http:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/the-countries-with-the-most-car-accidents.html<br \/>\r\n[24] UNICEF, (2014). Every Child Counts: Revealing Disparities Advancing Children\u2019s Rights Report, New York.<br \/>\r\n[25] World Health Organization. (2004). World report on road traffic injury prevention. http:\/\/siteresources.worldbank.org\/EXTTOPGLOROASAF\/Resources\/WHO_full_report_en.pdf<br \/>\r\n[26] World Health Organization. (2013). Global Status Report on Road Safety: Supporting a Decade of Action 2013, Geneva.<br \/>\r\n[27] World Health Organization. (2015). Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization.<br \/>\r\n[28] World report on road traffic injury prevention: summary. Genea: World Health Organization; 2004.<br \/>\r\n[29] Zimmerman, K., Mzige, A. A, Kibatala, P. L, Muserv, L. M; &amp; Guerrero, A. (2012). Road traffic injury and crash characteristics in Dar-es Salaam: A population based study. Accident Analysis and prevention, 45, 2042144, 3-11<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mutia J. Mpekethu, Dr. Franciscah Irangi Wamocho, Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori &#8220;Influence of Disabilities Induced by Road Traffic Accidents on Academic Achievement of Survivors\u2019 Children before and After Occurrence of Accidents in Kiambu County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.270-278 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/270-278.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/270-278.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-disabilities-induced-by-road-traffic-accidents-on-academic-achievement-of-survivors-children-before-and-after-occurrence-of-accidents-in-kiambu-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Disabilities Induced by Road Traffic Accidents on Academic Achievement of Survivors\u2019 Children before and After Occurrence of Accidents in Kiambu County<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc748b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcc748b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc756a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc756a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc7764\" data-id=\"dcc7764\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc78ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc78ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc7a0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc7a0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc7b95\" data-id=\"dcc7b95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc7cc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc7cc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Availability of Educational Support Systems for the Children of Survivors of Road Traffic Accidents in Kiambu County<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mutia J. Mpekethu, Dr. Franciscah Irangi Wamocho, Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 279-285<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc7d6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc7d6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc7ee7\" data-id=\"dcc7ee7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc801c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcc801c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to examine the education support system available to RTAs survivors\u2019 children in Kiambu County. The study employed the Culture of Poverty Theory as a guiding framework. A descriptive research design was employed involving both qualitative and quantitative methods. The target population was 210 road traffic accident survivors, 420 children as well as one senior official from the Ministry of Education and another official from the County Government of Kiambu. Purposive sampling design was used to sample survivors who had lived with the disability for a period of at least five years. A total of 126 respondents was involved during data collection. Questionnaires, interview guide and document analysis were used to collect data. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively and inferentially based on need and applicability. Qualitative data was analysed through thematic prose discussions. Data was presented using Tables and Figures. The findings revealed that majority of RTAs survivors and their children received no form of support from any organization, insurance company or government offices. The researcher found that the relationship between the survivor, and their children with the community became worse after the accident. From the interview, it was learned that there were no specific policies targeted at RTAs survivor\u2019s children for their educational attainment. The study recommends that policy frameworks should be put in place to capture the learners whose parents or guardians have been victims of RTAs to ensure that when the policies for educational support are in place, they can benefit from them.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 279-285\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mutia J. Mpekethu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD Student, School of Education, Department of Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Franciscah Irangi Wamocho <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Safety Science, 41, 837-859<br \/>\r\n[6]. Estelle, J. (2009). Rethinking Survivor Benefits. Washington DC: World Bank.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Ishaku, D., Bala Habu, H., &amp; I. Magaji, K. (2015). Management of Road Traffic Accident in Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria: The State, the Trend and the Cost. International Journal of Computer Applications, 119(3), 30-37. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5120\/21048-3682<br \/>\r\n[8]. Kenith S. &amp; Miller, R. (2004). International statistical classification of diseases and related problem. 1st edition. NY: IPA; 2004.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Kibet, P. (2014). The Effectiveness Of The Insurance (Motor Vehicle Third Party Risks) (Amendment) Act 2013 In Relation To Public Service Motor Vehicles.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Lagarde, E. (2017). Road Traffic Injury Is an Escalating Burden in Africa and Deserves Proportionate Research Efforts. PLoS Med 4(6): e170.doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040170<br \/>\r\n[11]. Maqbool Y., Sethi, A., &amp; Singh, I. (2019). Road safety and Road Accidents: An Insight. International Journal of Information and Computing Science, 6(4); 93-105<br \/>\r\n[12]. Mukerji, C. (2015). Claiming compensation under third-party motor insurance &#8211; The Economic Times. The Economic Times. Retrieved 17 March 2018, from https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/tdmc\/your-money\/claiming-compensation-under-third- party-motor insurance\/tomorrowmakersshow\/49086589.cms<br \/>\r\n[13]. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2015). The Economic and Societal Impact Of Motor Vehicle Crashes, (2010, Revised). US Department of TranspoRTAstion. https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/812013<br \/>\r\n[14]. Norman, R., Matzopoulos, R., Groenewald, P., &amp; Bradshaw, D. (2007). The high burden of injuries in South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(9), 695-702.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Odero, W., Khayesi, M. &amp;Hedo, P. M. (2003). Road Traffic Injuries in Kenya: Magnitude; Causes and Status of Intervention. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 10:12, 53-6<br \/>\r\n[16]. Okubo, E., &amp; Akutsu, T. (2018). Victim Support research project, Survey report for considering future victim supports\u2014questionnaire survey results from crime victims&#8217; bereaved family. Victim. Stud. Res., 12 (12);18-30<br \/>\r\n[17]. Puvanachandra, P., Hoe, C., El-Sayed, H.F., Saad, R. Al-Gasseer, N., Bakrf, M. &amp;Hyder A.A.(2012). Road Traffic safety injuries and data systems in Egypt: Addressing the Challenges, Traffic injury Prevention13: supi, 44-56,Dol:10.1080\/15389588.2011.639417.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Saidi, H., Mutiso, B. K. &amp; Ogengo, J. (2014). MoRTAslity after Road Traffic Crashes in a system with limited Capability. Journal of trauma management &amp; outcomes 2014, 8:4 http:\/\/www.traumamanagement.org\/content\/8\/1\/4.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Staton, C., Vissoc, J., Gong, E., and Toomey, N. (2016). Road Traffic Injury Prevention Initiatives: A Systematic Review and Meta summary of Effectiveness in Low and Middle Income Countries. PLOS; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0144971<br \/>\r\n[20]. Taera, E. (2014). Motor Insurance Industry And Its Role In Road Safety In Ethiopia. Workshop to discuss the National Road Safety Research Strategy.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Tsujimura-Ito, T. (2019). State of damage to and support for victims of motor vehicle accidents in Japan. IATSS Research, 43 (2)97-107.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Ulfarsson T, Nilsson AL, Blomstrand C, Nilsson M. (2014). A history of unemployment or sick leave influences long-term functioning and health-related quality-of-life after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 28(3):328-335.<br \/>\r\n[23]. UNICEF, (2014). Every Child Counts: Revealing Disparities Advancing Children\u2019s Rights Report, New York.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Vodopivec, M. (2018). Labor Markets Lending and Analytical Work at the World Bank: FY2012- 2017.<br \/>\r\n[25]. World Health Organization. (2011). Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2001-2011, Geneva.<br \/>\r\n[26]. World Health Organization. (2013). Global Status Report on Road Safety: Supporting a Decade of Action 2013, Geneva.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Zimmerman, K., Mzige, A. A, Kibatala, P. L, Muserv, L. M; &amp; Guerrero, A. (2012). Road traffic injury and crash characteristics in Dar-es Salaam: A population based study. Accident Analysis and prevention, 45, 2042144, 3-11.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mutia J. Mpekethu, Dr. Franciscah Irangi Wamocho, Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori &#8220;Availability of Educational Support Systems for the Children of Survivors of Road Traffic Accidents in Kiambu County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.279-285 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/279-285.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/279-285.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/availability-of-educational-support-systems-for-the-children-of-survivors-of-road-traffic-accidents-in-kiambu-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Availability of Educational Support Systems for the Children of Survivors of Road Traffic Accidents in Kiambu County<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc8e81 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcc8e81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc8f50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc8f50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc90e0\" data-id=\"dcc90e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc91f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc91f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc9293 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc9293\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc93fc\" data-id=\"dcc93fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc9513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcc9513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Adult Learning through E-Learning Platforms in The Face of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Overview of China and Selected African Countries<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Chidinma Dokubo, Kelvin Chinweikpe Wami &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 286-290<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcc95c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcc95c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc9746\" data-id=\"dcc9746\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc988b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcc988b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper discussed on the issue of adult learning through E-learning platforms in the face of the corona virus disease (COVID \u2013 19) pandemic. The paper focused on four countries that explored various E-learning platforms as a result of the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic; namely- China, Nigeria, Malawi and South Africa. From the study was discovered that E-learning is globally accepted as a positive force contributing to adult learning using different applications and processes which include web-based learning, computer based learning, virtual education opportunities and digital collaboration. The adverse effect of this global plague has prompted countries that are conscious of their education sector to be innovative. Based on the study, the following facts were noted- as a result of the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, there is a high rate of anxiety, depression globally. Also, harmful drugs and alcohol abuses are now rampant. This work recommends that the Chinese government should implement multi-faceted approach that is, forming multi-disciplinary mental health team, providing psychiatric treatments and other mental health services, utilizing online counseling platforms, rehabilitation programs and ensuring certain care for vulnerable people. The Nigeria Federal Ministry of Education should devise more effective e-learning strategies, education interactive platforms for adult learners and to create an enabling e-learning environment for effective instructions. Malawi as one of the developing nations in the world should improve in the current online learning measures that are already in place as to get to the use of rural populace in Malawi. The government of South-Africa should design and make more available alternative contextualized cost-effective learning delivery channels that could outline COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 286-290\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chidinma Dokubo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Adult Education and Community Development Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kelvin Chinweikpe Wami <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Adult Education and Community Development Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Corbalenya, A.E, Baker S,C, Baric R.S, Degroot, R.J, Drosten, C.&amp; Gulyaeva A.A. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus: the species and its viruses- a statement of the coronavirus study group. Bio R X IV https:\/\/doi.org\/10.01101\/(Retrieved: 2-7-2020).<br \/>\r\n[2] Donna, J.A. (2019). Online learning is not the big thing, it is now big thing. https:\/\/e- student Org (Retrieved: 5\/4\/2020).<br \/>\r\n[3] Dokubo, C. (2013). Open and Distance learning programme. Chronneth press.<br \/>\r\n[4] Gray, A. (2011). Constructivist teaching and learning. Available (online) also at http:\/\/www.saks chod boards. Ca\/old\/Research and development \/Research Reports\/institution\/97-07.htm (Accessed 19-7-2020).<br \/>\r\n[5] George, N.&amp; Chidimba, M. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak on Malawi perspective. Electronic journal of General Medicine 17(4), 2516 \u2013 3507<br \/>\r\n[6] Hilal, A.W. (2013). The Relevance of E-learning in Higher Education. Journal Kajian Penddikam 3(2), 181- 192.<br \/>\r\n[7] James, T. (2019). 10 outstanding benefits of e-learning. Available at https:\/\/ e-learning available at https:\/\/ e-learning industry .com (Accessed date: 20-7-2020).<br \/>\r\n[8] Laurillard, D. (2004). E-learning in Higher Education. Available (Online) also https:\/\/ www. Google .com\/url?sa= t &amp; rct =j &amp; q = &amp;esrc =&amp; esrc =s&amp; source =web&amp; col (Accessed :19-2-2020).<br \/>\r\n[9] Liu, S., Yang, L. , Zhang, C., Xlang, Y.T., Liu, Z., Hu, S.&amp; Zhang, B. (2020). Online Mental Health Services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (2020) 17- 18. (Available at https\/www.science direct.com (Accessed date: 7-3-2010).<br \/>\r\n[10] Mason, R. (2002). E-learning: what have we learn? Improving student learning using Technologies: in proceedings 9th improving student learning symposium 27-34 (Accessed date: 5-4-2020).<br \/>\r\n[11] McDowell, L. (2002). \u201cElectronic Information Resources in undergraduate Education: An Exploratory study of opportunities for student learning and independence. In British Journal of Educational Technology 33 (3), 255-266.<br \/>\r\n[12] NCDC, (2020. Https:\/\/ COVID-19 .ncdc. gov.ng (Accessed date: 11-7-2020).<br \/>\r\n[13] Ngwara, M. (2020). Delivering Education online: corona \u2013virus underscores what\u2019s missing in Africa. Available at: https:\/\/ www. African population and Health Research center (Accessed date: 19-4-2020).<br \/>\r\n[14] Nwara , M. (2020. Five ways Academics can manage COVID-19 shutdowns. Available (online) at:https:\/\/ the conversation .com (Access date. 19-3-2020).<br \/>\r\n[15] OECD (2020). Tackling Corona-virus (COVID-19), contributing to global effort. Available at https:\/\/ www. Oecd.org. (Accessed date: 23- 3-2020).<br \/>\r\n[16] Swam, P. (2020). China\u2019s e-learning. From news. Cgtn. Com 2020 03, 1219 :48 GMT +8. (Accessed date: 12-3-2020).<br \/>\r\n[17] Unicef (2020). Unicef Malawi situation Report 2020. Available at: Https:\/\/ www. Unicef .org\/appeal\/files\/uncial Malawi \u2013 Malawi COVID-19 Humanitarian response: National preparedness and response plan. (Accessed date: 1-15-2020.<br \/>\r\n[18] WBO (2020). The world Bank in Malawi. Available at: https:\/\/ www world bank.org\/en\/country\/Malawi \/overview (Accessed 31-3-2020).<br \/>\r\n[19] Worldometers (2020). Malawi coronavirus. www. Worldometers. (Accessed date: 12-7-2020).<br \/>\r\n[20] Yoo, J,H. (2020). The fight against 2019- ncov outbreak: an arduous March has just begun. Available at: https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2020 35-56.<br \/>\r\n[21] Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Yang, L. &amp; Wang, C. (2020). Suspending Classes without stopping learning: China\u2019s education emergency management policy in the COVID-19 Outbreak. JRFM (13), 55<br \/>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chidinma Dokubo, Kelvin Chinweikpe Wami &#8220;Adult Learning through E-Learning Platforms in The Face of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Overview of China and Selected African Countries&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.286-290 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/286-290.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/286-290.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/adult-learning-through-e-learning-platforms-in-the-face-of-covid-19-pandemic-an-overview-of-china-and-selected-african-countries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Adult Learning through E-Learning Platforms in The Face of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Overview of China and Selected African Countries<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcca6a1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dcca6a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcca784 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcca784\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcca905\" data-id=\"dcca905\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccaa4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dccaa4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dccaaf5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dccaaf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dccac9d\" data-id=\"dccac9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccadbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dccadbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Economic Status of Parents and Children\u2019s Participation in Pre-Primary School in Mlolongo Slum of Machakos County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mwendwa N. Mpekethu, Dr. Rachael W. Kamau Kang\u2019ethe, Dr. Maureen Mweru &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 291-295<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dccae61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dccae61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dccb049\" data-id=\"dccb049\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccb19d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dccb19d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Children who access holistic, quality Early Childhood Development Education services have a better start in learning, and are better prepared for entering and staying in primary school. However, many children are missing out on the stated benefits of early childhood education since a large percentage of the pre-primary children are not attending the early childhood education programmes. The aim of this study was to examine how the economic status of parents influences children&#8217;s participation in pre-primary in Mlolongo Slum. This study adopted the culture of poverty view by Osca Lewis. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and employed both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection and analysis. The study employed simple random and purposive sampling to obtain the study sample. The target population in this study was 30 head teachers, 68 pre-primary teachers and 1466 parents in the thirty schools in Mlolongo slum in Athi River Sub-county. Simple random sampling was employed to select 9 schools.  The head teachers in the sampled schooled were purposively selected for the study. Simple random sampling was used to select 68 pre-primary teachers and 440 of parents who had children in the 9 pre-primary schools. The study used semi-structured questionnaires to obtain data from teachers and head-teachers, and interview schedules for parents. Piloting was carried out in two pre-primary schools within Mlolongo slum. The findings of the study revealed that majority of parents ran small businesses while others worked as casual laborers which did not provide enough income. The study concluded that the kind of economic activity parents were involved in compelled majority of parents to either leave home very early or arrive very late, thus denying them time for their children. The study recommended that the Boards of Management through County Government should introduce Free Preschool Education. The study further recommended that parents and donors to provide school meals to children so as to attract and retain them in school.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 291-295\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mwendwa N. Mpekethu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMasters student, School of Education, Department of Early Childhood Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Rachael W. Kamau Kang\u2019ethe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]\tAkindele, N. (2012). Reading Culture, Parental Involvement and Children\u2019s Development in Formative Years: The Covenant University Experience. Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria: Covenant University.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tArasa, J. N.  (2004). Cognitive correlates of English reading achievement among the standard three pupils in the slums of Nairobi. A Ph.D Research Thesis.Kenyatta University.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAvvisati, F., Besbas, B., &#038; Guyon, N. (2010). Parental Involvement in School: A Literature Review. Revue D&#8217;\u00e9conomie Politique, 120(5), 759. doi: 10.3917\/redp.205.0759<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBlanden, J., Del Bono, E., McNally, S., &#038; Rabe, B. (2016). Universal Pre-school Education: The Case of Public Funding with Private Provision. The Economic Journal, 126(592), 682-723.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tCentre for Early Childhood Education and Development (2013). Early Childhood Education in India: A Snapshot [Ebook]. Retrieved from http:\/\/ceced.net\/NEW-BOOK-2-DC.pdf<br \/>\r\n[6]\tEducation for All (2015). National Review-Brazil. (2015). [Ebook]. Retrieved from http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0023\/002300\/230021e.pdf<br \/>\r\n[7]\tEnej, C., Ubom, B., Ubogo, G., &#038; Dunammah, A. (2013). Influence of family types and parent\u2019s socioeconomic status on school dropout among female students in the Old Ogoja Zone of Cross River, Nigeria [Ebook].<br \/>\r\n[8]\tEpstein, (2003).Parental involvement Frame work and sample practices. Social intervention Potential and constrains. New York.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMOE, (2016).Free Primary Education: Every Child in School. Nairobi: Government Printers<br \/>\r\n[10]\tMollborn, S., Lawrence, E., James-Hawkins, L., &#038; Fomby, P. (2014). When do socioeconomic resources matter most in early childhood?. Advances In Life Course Research, 20, 56-69. doi: 10.1016\/j.alcr.2014.03.001<br \/>\r\n[11]\tMurungi, C.G, (2012). Early Childhood Education for the Pre-primary Age Going Children: The Issue of Low Enrolment in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice .vol 3, No 6<br \/>\r\n[12]\tNokali, N.E., Bachman, H. J., &#038; Votruba-Drzal, E. (2010) Within-and between-child parent involvement and academic and social skills in elementary school. Child Development, 81(3), 988 -1005.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tOECD. (2016). Education in China: A Snapshot [Ebook]. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/china\/Education-in-China-a-snapshot.pdf<br \/>\r\n[14]\tOgenga, P. A (2010).Impact of Violent Conflict on Internal Efficiency of Secondary Schools in Mt. Elgon District, Kenya. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology<br \/>\r\n[15]\tOrodho, A. J. (2009). Elements of Education &#038;Social Science Research Methods (2nd  Ed.)  Maseno, Kenya: Kenezja Publisher.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tPleck, J. H. (2010). Paternal involvement. The role of the father in child development, 58.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tThe Condition of Education. (2018). Pre-primary and Kindergarten Enrollment [Ebook]. Retrieved from https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/coe\/pdf\/coe_cfa.pdf<br \/>\r\n[18]\tWorld Bank. (2015). School enrollment, pre-primary (% gross) | Data. Retrieved from https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SE.PRE.ENRR?view=chart <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mwendwa N. Mpekethu, Dr. Rachael W. Kamau Kang\u2019ethe, Dr. Maureen Mweru  &#8220;Economic Status of Parents and Children\u2019s Participation in Pre-Primary School in Mlolongo Slum of Machakos County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.291-295 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/291-295.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/291-295.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/economic-status-of-parents-and-childrens-participation-in-pre-primary-school-in-mlolongo-slum-of-machakos-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Economic Status of Parents and Children\u2019s Participation in Pre-Primary School in Mlolongo Slum of Machakos County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccc1c1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dccc1c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dccc2a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dccc2a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dccc443\" data-id=\"dccc443\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccc569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dccc569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dccc60c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dccc60c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dccc7ba\" data-id=\"dccc7ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccc8fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dccc8fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Public Buildings and Facilities Challenges for Disabled Residents of Port City Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ubani Princewill, Bumaa  Felix  Neeka, Ayagere  Selete  Ayebaemi, Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry,  Kpalap  Elgior  M, Naabura,  Macwilliam  Kingdom &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 296-301<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dccc9a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dccc9a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcccb33\" data-id=\"dcccb33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcccc65 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcccc65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Against the background of the increasing problems of non-universality of public buildings resulting from the failure of various governmental agencies and inabilities of built environment professionals to consider the important and helpful facilities for the physically challenged in public buildings, the paper attempt to survey public buildings and effect of its deficient facilities on physically challenged facet of Port Harcourt population. Descriptive survey design was adopted for examination. The population comprised 500 public buildings through 23 neighbourhoods of Port Harcourt environs, Nigeria. A total of 100 public buildings were selected using the appropriate stratified random sampling technique. Public buildings and challenging relation of people with disabilities questionnaire (PBCRPDQ) was employed for data collection. The data collected were analysed using standard deviation and chi-square of goodness-of- fit for test at 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that slop ramp (0.67), width of doors and manicure, wheelchair ramp and hand rail and guard rail etc are the necessary facilities lacking in the public buildings. In addition, the analysis publicized that   deficiency of important facilities in public building had negative effect on people with disabilities at (x<sup>2<\/sup>  = 126.44, df 1, p = 0.05>0.00). Based on the findings of this research, it was recommended among other things that the government should take prompt action to resolve issues responsible for non-inclusion of crucial facilities that enhanced the accessibility of public buildings by the physically challenge persons especially at the planning and construction stages of such public buildings irrespective of the location and sizes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 296-301\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ubani Princewill <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bumaa  Felix  Neeka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayagere  Selete  Ayebaemi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kpalap  Elgior  M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Naabura,  Macwilliam  Kingdom<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro-wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBumaa,F.N.,Ayagere,S .A., Amakiri-whyte, B. H., and Ubani, P.(2020)\u2019\u2019 Public Buildings Accessibility challenges for Persons with Disabilities in Niger Delta Selected Cities of Nigeria\u2019\u2019 International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI)7 (5)209-2015.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDaniel, M. C. C., Maria, L. G. E.,Mariana, G. M., Paulo, V. B. M. (2016)\u2019\u2019Assistive Technology Accessibility and Abandonment: Challenges for Assistive Technology Accessibility and Abandonment: Challenges for Occupational Therapists\u2019\u2019 the open journal of occupational therapy 4 (1)  1-9.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tDanso, A.K, Ayarkwa, J., Dansoh, Ayirebi (2011) \u2018\u2019 State of Accessibility for the Disabled in Selected Monumental Public Buildings in Accra, Ghana\u2019\u2019 A Journal of the Ghana Institution of Surveyors.  4 (1) 1-19.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tDaniel, R. F. (2004)\u2019\u2019 Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE)\u2019\u2019 Journal Disability and Rehabilitation 26 ( 19 )1150-1157.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDorothy, N., Katherine, A. F, and Glen, W. (2000) \u2018\u2019Accessibility of Fitness Facilities for Persons with Physical Disabilities Using Wheelchairs\u2019\u2019 Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: 6  (1) 87-98.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tJames H.R., Barth, R., Edward,W., Amy, R., and Janine, J.(2004) \u2018\u2019Physical activity participation among persons with disabilities: Barriers and facilitators\u2019\u2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine  26 (5)   419-425.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tNandana, W and  Karen P. Y. L (2011)\u2019\u2019 Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings: a review of the literature\u2019\u2019 Journal Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 6 (1)   1-9.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tNahid, B. B., and  Zainab A.N .(2013)\u2019\u2019 Accessibility and facilities for the disabled in public and university library buildings in Iran\u2019\u2019 Information Development 29(3) 241-250.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tNeela, T., Grace W., Mari-Lynn D., Steve, R. W., Holly, D., Jane, W., and  Shanker, N. (2004)\u2019\u2019A pilot study of functional access to public buildings and facilities for persons with impairments\u2019\u2019 Journal Disability and Rehabilitation 26 ( 5) 280-289.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tRob, I., and Marion, K., (1998) Focusing on Disability and Access in the Built Environment. Journal Disability and Society 13 ( 3) 357-374.<br \/>\r\n[11]\t Samuel .K.A,, Emanuel, B.A (2014)\u2019\u2019 Adequacy of Disabled Facilities in University Buildings: The case of University of Cap Coast- Ghana\u2019\u2019 International Journal of Development and Sustainability 3(4) 726- 736.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tSean, B., Ronald, L. K., and Blair, M. (2009)\u2019\u2019 Wheelchair accessibility: Descriptive survey of curb ramps in an urban area\u2019\u2019 Journal Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 4 (1) 17-23.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tSeyed H. K., Mashita, S., Mohamad, A., and Rostam,Y. (2012)\u2019\u2019 Accessibility for Disabled in Public Transportation Terminal \u2018\u2019  Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioural Sciences  35,  89-96.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tTalk, K.H., and Olumide, D.(2005)\u2019\u2019 Wheelchair Accessibility of Public Buildings in Ibadan Nigeria\u2019\u2019 Asian Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal 115 (2) 1-16.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tTerry K. C., Sarah, P., and Tracey, P. (2004)\u2019\u2019 Community Participation: Challenges for People with Disabilities Living in Oaxaca, Mexico, and New Mexico, United States OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health   24 (2) 72-80.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tTim, B., Lynne, M. , Elizabeth, B., Mike, J., Maria, P., Shibu, R. And Katie, W.(2003)\u2019\u2019 The Accessibility of Public Spaces for People with Dementia: A new priority for the &#8216;open city\u2019\u2019 Journal Disability and Society  18 ( 3) 357-371.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tValliappan, A., Albert, H., and Aarthi, P.(2018)\u2019\u2019 Exploring accessibility issues of a public building for the mobility impaired. Case study: interstate bus terminal (ISBT), Vijayawada, India \u2018\u2019 Journal Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 13 (3)271-279.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ubani Princewill, Bumaa  Felix  Neeka, Ayagere  Selete  Ayebaemi, Amakiri-whyte Belema Henry,  Kpalap  Elgior  M, Naabura,  Macwilliam  Kingdom  &#8220;Public Buildings and Facilities Challenges for Disabled Residents of Port City Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.296-301 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/296-301.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/296-301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/public-buildings-and-facilities-challenges-for-disabled-residents-of-port-city-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Public Buildings and Facilities Challenges for Disabled Residents of Port City Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccdaae elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dccdaae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dccdb87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dccdb87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dccdcf9\" data-id=\"dccdcf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccde21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dccde21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dccdec5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dccdec5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcce035\" data-id=\"dcce035\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcce148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcce148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exploring the Toxicity Potentials of Heavy Metals in Major Road Networks of Dass, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Hassan, U.F., Hassan, H.F., Baba, Haruna, Okwuoha, E.R., Hassan A.F., Madaki, A.A., Tafida, U.I. and Adebayo, R.K. &#8211; July 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 302-307<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcce25a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcce25a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcce411\" data-id=\"dcce411\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcce54c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"dcce54c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2311\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The concentrations of some selected heavy metals in roadside soil samples collected from the major road networks of Dass, Bauchi State, Nigeria were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The levels of chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead, copper, manganese, iron and zinc investigated ranged from 0.00 &#8211; 0.50, 0.33 \u2013 0.67, 2.50 \u2013 11.67, 0.33 \u2013 3.67, 14.83 \u2013 38.17, 5.00 \u2013 53.33, 108.33 \u2013 531.67 and 57.83 \u2013 79.83 mg\/kg respectively. Soil samples from Dass \u2013 Zwal road network contain the highest concentrations of chromium (0.50 mg\/kg), nickel (11.67 mg\/kg), copper (38.17 mg\/kg) and iron (531.67 mg\/kg) respectively. Soil samples from Dass &#8211; Bauchi road contain the highest levels of cadmium (0.67 mg\/kg) and zinc (79.83 mg\/kg) respectively. Soil samples from Dass \u2013 Mbak road network contain the highest concentration of lead (3.67 mg\/kg), while samples from Dass &#8211; Bununu road network contain the highest concentration of manganese (53.33 mg\/kg). The variations in the concentrations of nickel, copper, manganese and iron in all the road networks were found to be statistically different as revealed by Least Significant Difference test (p < 0.05), whereas the variations in the levels of chromium, cadmium, lead and zinc in all the road networks were found to be statistically the same (p \u2265 0.05) as shown by One-Way Analysis of Variance. The toxicity potential values were all found to be less than 1.00. Based on the toxicity potential values, the concentrations of the selected heavy metals determined in all the road networks and comparison of the observed values of the heavy metals with permissible limits specified by World Health Organization, this shows that the soil samples from the different road networks have not reached maximum pollution mark and hence, does not currently pose any health threat to the inhabitants of Dass, Bauchi State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 302-307\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2312\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2312\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan, U.F.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan, H.F.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Baba, Haruna<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okwuoha, E.R.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan A.F.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPharmacy Department, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Medical Centre, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Madaki, A.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tafida, U.I.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adebayo, R.K.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2313\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2313\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tPapafilippaki, A.,Kotti, M. and Stavroulakis, G. 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Determination of Lead in Roadside Soil Samples of Bauchi, Nigeria. JOLORN, 10 (1): 132-5.<br \/>\r\n[31]\t Jarup, L. (2003). Hazards of Heavy Metals Contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68: 167 \u2013 182.<br \/>\r\n[32]\t Carter, M.R. and Gregorich, E.G. (2008). \u201cSoil Sampling and Methods of Analysis\u201d. Canadian Society of Soil Science, Taylor and Francis Group, Canada, 2: pp. 26 \u2013 40.<br \/>\r\n[33]\t Doll, R., Morgan, L.G. and Spiezon, F.E. (1970). Cited in: Hassan, U.F., Hassan, H.F., Nehemiah, C., Hassan, H.F., Madaki, A.A., Hashim, I. and Musa, M. (2019a). Comparative Determinations of Nickel, Lead and Iron Contents in Roadside Soil Samples of Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Science Forum Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 16: 71 \u2013 75.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tPlum, L., Rink, L. and Haase, H. (2010). Cited in: Hassan, U.F., Chechet, N., Hassan, H.F., Muhammad, M., Hassan, H.F. and Mohammed, A. (2019b). Levels of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Roadside Soil Samples of Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria. ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 7 (1): 176 \u2013 186.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tAndreini, C.L., Banci, I. and Rosato, A. (2006). Cited in: Hassan, U.F., Chechet, N., Hassan, H.F., Muhammad, M., Hassan, H.F., and Mohammed, A. (2019b). Levels of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Roadside Soil Samples of Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria. ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 7 (1): 176 \u2013 186<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2314\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2314\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hassan, U.F., Hassan, H.F., Baba, Haruna, Okwuoha, E.R., Hassan A.F., Madaki, A.A., Tafida, U.I. and Adebayo, R.K.  &#8220;Exploring the Toxicity Potentials of Heavy Metals in Major Road Networks of Dass, Bauchi State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 7, pp.302-307 July 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/302-307.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2315\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2315\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-7\/302-307.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2316\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2316\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exploring-the-toxicity-potentials-of-heavy-metals-in-major-road-networks-of-dass-bauchi-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Exploring the Toxicity Potentials of Heavy Metals in Major Road Networks of Dass, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dccf361 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dccf361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Nigeria and the United Kingdom Diplomatic Relations: The Emerging Issues in the Post-Brexit Era IGBINI, M. 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