{"id":4179,"date":"2022-02-24T06:12:08","date_gmt":"2022-02-24T06:12:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=4179"},"modified":"2022-03-28T07:00:24","modified_gmt":"2022-03-28T07:00:24","slug":"volume-ix-issue-ii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-ix-issue-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume IX Issue II"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4179\" class=\"elementor elementor-4179 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1ddff9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1ddff9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1de247\" data-id=\"f1de247\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1de3b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1de3b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges associated with the Teaching of Civic Education in Social Studies Lessons in Schools in Masaiti district: A Hermeneutic Perspective<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Setwin Mutau Mufalo, Gistered Muleya, Francis Simui February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 01-08<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1de482 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1de482\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1de63c\" data-id=\"f1de63c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1de7c0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1de7c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The article explores challenges associated with the teaching of Civic Education in Social Studies lessons at junior secondary school. An interpretive study was conducted which employed hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The sample size for the study was 12 comprising 2 females and 10 males drawn from the Ministry of Education district office and selected primary and secondary schools. All the participants were selected using homogenous purposive sampling. The data that was generated through semi structured interviews, observation schedules and document analysis was thematically analysed. The study established that there were many challenges associated with the teaching of Civic Education through Social Studies lessons. Some of them were shortage of qualified Civic Education teachers, a dearth of teaching\/learning materials such as textbooks and computers. Also, substandard textbooks, shortage of desks, inadequate contact time and low literacy levels among learners among others. Based on the above highlighted challenges, the study recommended that Ministry of Education should employ adequate qualified Civic Education teachers. It was also recommended that Ministry of Education should allocate adequate funds to schools for the procurement of teaching\/learning materials as well as enhancing field studies in order for learners to supplement on theories learnt in the classroom environment. Further, it was recommended that Ministry of Education should build and procure more school infrastructure.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-08\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Setwin Mutau Mufalo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMishikishi Secondary School, Masaiti, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gistered Muleya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Distance Education, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Francis Simui<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Distance Education, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Gurkan, B., &amp; Do\u011fanay, A. (2020). Factors affecting citizenship education according to perceptions and experiences of secondary-school teachers. Turkish Journal of Education, 9(2), 106-133. DOI: 10.19128\/turje.592720\r\n[2] Shan, L. C. (2011). Challenges to Teaching Citizenship Education in Hong Kong after the Handover. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Baptist University.\r\n[3] Yuen, T. W. W. (2016). Civic education stuck in a quagmire: A critical review of civic education in Hong Kong? Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 15(2), 69-82.\r\n[4] Mohit, B. (2018). Case Study of Civics Education. Journal of Research &amp; Methods in Education, 8(5), 22-31.\r\n[5] Kenner, S. (2020). Citizenship Education in Germany from marginalization to new challenges. Journal of Social Science Education, 19(1), 118-135.DOI 10.4119\/jsse-1618\r\n[6] Palmerio, L., Damiani, V., &amp; Caponera, E. ( 2021). IEA\u2019s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study and the Teaching of Civic Education in Italy. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-71102-3_8\r\n[7] Bombardelli, O., &amp; Codato, M. (2017). Country Report: Civic and Citizenship Education in Italy: Thousands of Fragmented Activities Looking for a Systematisation, Journal of Social Science Education, 16(2), 73-85.\r\n[8] USAID, (2018). Civic Education in the 21st Century An Analytical and Methodological Global Overview: Street Law, Inc.\r\n[9] Zuluaga, L. F. D., &amp; Chaguendo, J. C. R. (2021). Civic and Citizenship Education in Colombia: Challenges for Students and Teachers. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-71102-3_4 [Accessed on 28\/08\/2021]\r\n[10] Alemnge, F. L. &amp; Andongaba, B. A. (2021). The Impact of Teaching Methods and Materials on the Teaching of Citizenship Education in Cameroon: A Study of Case Schools in Buea Municipality. Open Access Library Journal, 8: e6993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/oalib.1106993\r\n[11] Nkechinyere, O. C. (2019). Civic Education: An Instrument for Self-Reliance in Nigeria. US-China Education Review B, 9(6), 159-170. doi: 10.17265\/2161-6248\/2019.06.001\r\n[12] Odusanya, S. P., &amp; Oni, A. (2019). Civic Education and Pupils\u2019 Civic Dispositions in Ghana and Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Education and Research, (9)1, 13-27.\r\n[13] Kayode-Olawoyin, O. M. (2017). Civic Education in Secondary Schools: Its immediate Values and Life-Long impact. Nigerian Journal of Social Studies, 20(2), 82-91.\r\n[14] Alozie, C. C. (2019). The Relevance of Civic Education in the Realization of National Objectives in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 6(5), 17-27.\r\n[15] Saidi, E. (2019). Rethinking Civic Education in Tunisia: A Focus on School Curricula and Teacher Training. Journal of Education and Training, 7(1), 29-34.\r\n[16] Tafese, G. S. (2018). Assessment of Challenges to Civics and Ethical Education in Ethiopian Secondary Schools. Journal of Education and Practice, 9(4), 16-20.\r\n[17] Mufalo, S. M., Mulubale, S., Muleya, G., &amp;Simui, F. (2021). Challenges faced by Combined Schools in Masaiti district which hinders the provision of Quality Education. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 5(3), 146-154.\r\n[18] Musonda, C. K. (2019). The use of active pedagogical approaches in teaching Civic Education in Selected Secondary Schools of Kasama and Luwingu Districts, M.A. dissertation. Lusaka: University of Zambia.\r\n[19] Akinyemi Olufunminiyi, A., &amp; Abiodun Adekunle, B. (2019). \u201cAssessment of Resources for Physics Teaching in Nigerian Senior Secondary Schools\u201d. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 6(8), 1-13. doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.20431\/2349-0381.0608001.\r\n[20] Nwaubani, O. O., Otoh-Offong, A. N., Usulor, V. I. &amp; Okeke, J. N. (2016). Resource Availability and Utilisation Dimension in the Implementation of Junior Secondary Social Studies Curriculum in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(14), 1-9.\r\n[21] Kousar, R., &amp; Brett, P. (2020). Citizenship Education and Gender in Pakistan Teachers\u2019 and Students\u2019 Perspectives. The Social Educator, 38(2), 27-41.\r\n[22] Magasu, O., Muleya, G., &amp;Mweemba, L. (2020b). Pedagogical Challenges in Teaching Civic Education in Secondary Schools in Zambia. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(3), 1483-1488.\r\n[23] Cekse, I. (2021). Improving Civic and Citizenship Education in Latvia. Retrieved at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-71102-3_9\r\n[24] Mensah, R. O. (2019). The attitude of Students towards the Learning of Social Studies and their Performance; The case of Accra Metropolitan assembly in the greater Accra region of Ghana. Postgraduate Diploma Dissertation, Accra, Ghana: University Of Education, Winneba.\r\n[25] Bordoh, A., Eshun, I., Kofie, S., Bassaw, T. K &amp; Kwarteng, P. (2015). Social Studies Teachers\u2019 Content Knowledge in Senior High Schools in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis in the Western Region of Ghana. American Journal of Social Science Research, 1(3), 169-177.\r\n[26] Andrietti, V. &amp; Su, X. (2019). Education curriculum and student achievement: theory and evidence. Journal of Education Economics, 27(1), 4-19, DOI: 10.1080\/09645292.2018.1527894\r\n[27] Mensah, R. O. (2020). Pedagogical Analysis of Teaching Social Studies: An Empirical Literature Review. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(2), 66-76.\r\n[28] Moobola, L &amp; Mulenga, I. M. (2020). Social Studies Curriculum at the Crossroads: Implementation of the Secondary School Social Studies Curriculum in Chingola District of Zambia. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(2), 13-34.doi: 10.5281\/zenodo.3750518\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Setwin Mutau Mufalo, Gistered Muleya, Francis Simui, &#8220;Challenges associated with the Teaching of Civic Education in Social Studies Lessons in Schools in Masaiti district: A Hermeneutic Perspective&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.01-08 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/01-08.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/01-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/challenges-associated-with-the-teaching-of-civic-education-in-social-studies-lessons-in-schools-in-masaiti-district-a-hermeneutic-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Challenges associated with the Teaching of Civic Education in Social Studies Lessons in Schools in Masaiti district: A Hermeneutic Perspective<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1dfa7c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1dfa7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1dfc17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1dfc17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1dff75\" data-id=\"f1dff75\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e0148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e0148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of COVID-19 on Human Resource Management Functions in Zambian Organisations<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Sitali Wamundila, Daniel Siakalima, Jessie Nkhowani, Best Musondela and Francis Simui February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 08-17<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e024c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e024c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e046e\" data-id=\"f1e046e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e0683 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1e0683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The impact of Covid-19 pandemic has been devastating on the global economy, national economies, institutions and indeed organisational operations. One of the key organisational operations that has been impacted by Covid-19 is human resource management (HRM). The impact of Covid-19 on HRM in organisations has been reported to have covered all the key functional areas of human resources practice ranging from the governance of HRM practice to workplace environment. This development has influenced the world of work profoundly. This study conducted on the impact of Covid-19 on HRM functions in Zambian organisations has revealed the continued negative impact of Covid-19 on organisational operations. However, the results of the study indicate that while all the HRM functions that were investigated namely: Organisation Design and Development; People Resourcing; Performance Management; Training and Development; Reward Management and Employee Relations reported to have been impacted, only two functions namely Training and Development and Performance Management reported significant negative impact having scored 77% and 48% respectively. The rest of the functions namely: Organisation Design and Development; People Resourcing; Reward Management and Employee Relations scored 35% and below, scores that indicate some relative stability in the operations of the functions. These results suggest the availability of a relatively stable operational environment of HRM functions in Zambian organisations and that the role of HRM function in the organisations has remained stable despite the on-going challenges posed by Covid-19. The prevalence of such an operational environment is critical for business operational continuity amidst the Covid-19 pandemic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 09-18\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sitali Wamundila <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Library and Information Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daniel Siakalima <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Distance Education, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jessie Nkhowani <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGraduate School of Business, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Best Musondela <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Distance Education, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Francis Simui <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] A\u00e7ikg\u00f6z, O and G\u00fcnay, A. 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Available: https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/osg2020d1_en.pdf Accessed (15 January 2020).\r\n[48] Vyas, L and Butakhieo, N. (2021). The Impact of working from Home during COVID-19 on Work and Life domains: An exploratory Study on Hong Kong. Policy Design and Practice, 4 (1), 59-76, DOI: 10.1080\/25741292.2020.1863560.\r\n[49] World Health Organisation. (2020a). Covid -19 Strategy Update: Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/nepal\/activities\/supporting-elimination-of-kala-azar-as-a-public-health-problem\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/covid-strategy-update-14april2020 Accessed (12 January 2020).\r\n[50] World Health Organisation. (2020b). Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Outbreak: Rights, Rolesand Responsibilities of Health Workers, Including Key Considerations for Occupational Safety and Health. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-rights-roles-respon-hw-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=bcabd401_0 Accessed (12 January 2020).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Sitali Wamundila, Daniel Siakalima, Jessie Nkhowani, Best Musondela and Francis Simui, &#8220;Impact of COVID-19 on Human Resource Management Functions in Zambian Organisations&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.09-18 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/09-18.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/09-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-covid-19-on-human-resource-management-functions-in-zambian-organisations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of COVID-19 on Human Resource Management Functions in Zambian Organisations<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e17b1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1e17b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1889 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e1889\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1a4c\" data-id=\"f1e1a4c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1b92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e1b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Ethanoic Leaf Extracts of <i>Carica Papaya<\/i> and <i>New Bouldia Laevis<\/i> on Lipid Profile of Diabetic Wistar Rats<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Njoku-Oji, Njideka Nancy; Ifegwu, Njoku Oji; Igbonaju, Marvelous; Okwuonu, Ifeoma Frances; Chukwukaeme, Chidinma Winifred; Mmaju, Chidinma Ifeyinwa; Okonudo, Peter Osezele February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 19-25<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1c34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e1c34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1e14\" data-id=\"f1e1e14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e1fb6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1e1fb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the ethanolic leaf extracts of Carica papaya (C. papaya) and Newbouldia laevis (N. laevis) on the lipid profile of alloxan-induced Wistar rats.\r\nMethodology: Forty (40) male wistar rats weighing 130-150g were procured and acclimatized for two weeks, after which they were divided into eight (8) groups of five (5) rats each, and were housed in cages. The groups were designated as groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Groups B &#8211; H were induced with diabetes using alloxan. Group A served as the control group and received only distilled water; group B diabetic received only distilled water only, while groups C \u2013 H diabetic received 400mg\/kg of C. papaya, 600mg\/kg of C. papaya, 400mg\/kg of N. laevis, 600mg\/kg of N. laevis, 200mg\/kg of C. papaya + 200mg\/kg of N. laevis and 300mg\/kg of C. papaya + 300mg\/kg of N. laevis respectively for 21 days through oral route with the aid of oral gastric tube. On the 22nd day, the animals were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation, and blood samples were obtained through cardiac puncture for lipid profile parameters\u2019 assays. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and (P&lt;0.05) was considered significant.\r\nResult: There was significant increase in the plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) with a decrease in plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) of the animals in group B when compared with the control group. These effects were ameliorated in Groups C &#8211; H that received the variable doses of the ethanolic leaf extracts C. papaya and N. laevis with more positive effects on the groups that received the combined ethanolic leaf extracts.\r\nConclusion: The leaf extracts of C. papaya and N. laevis have ameliorative effects on the lipid profile alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 19-25\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9201<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Njoku-Oji, Njideka Nancy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ifegwu, Njoku Oji<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Igbonaju, Marvelous<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okwuonu, Ifeoma Frances<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwukaeme, Chidinma Winifred<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mmaju, Chidinma Ifeyinwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okonudo, Peter Osezele<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Otsuki N, Dang NH, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. Ethnopharmacol. 2010; 127: 760-767.\r\n[24]. Mahmood T, Rahman MH, Stringam GR, Raney JP, Good AG. Molecular markers for seed colour in Brassica juncea. Genome. 2005; 48: 755-760.\r\n[25]. Corral-Aguayo RD, Yahia EM, Carrillo-L\u00f3pez A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Aguilar G. Correlation between some nutritional components and the total antioxidant capacity measured with six different assays in eight horticultural crops. J Agric Food Chem. 2008; 56: 10498-10504.\r\n[26]. Gbolade A A. Inventory of antidiabetic plants in selected districts of Lagos State, Nigeria. J Ethnopharmacol, 2009; 121: 135\u2013139.\r\n[27]. Gray AM, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Flatt PR. The traditional plant treatment, Sabucus nigra (Elder) exhibits insulin-like and insulin releasing actions in vitro, J Nutr, 2000; 130: 15\u201320.\r\n[28]. Ch\u00e1vez-Quintal P, Gonz\u00e1lez-Flores T, Rodr\u00edguez-Buenfil I, Gallegos-Tintor\u00e9 S. Antifungal activity in ethanolic extracts of Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol leaves and seeds. Indian J Microbiol. 2011; 51: 54-60.\r\n[29]. Singh VK, Jasiwal P, Kumar P, Single OK. Carica papaya Linn: A potential source for various health problems. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2010; 3(5): 998 \u2013 1003.\r\n[30]. Ifegwu NO and Anibeze CIP. Effect of ethanolic leaf extracts of Carica papaya and Newbouldia laevis on kidney enzymes of alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats. EJPMR, 2019; 6(5), 139-144.\r\n[31]. Ifegwu NO, Anibeze CIP, Ndukwe GU, Njoku-Oji NN, Agbai JU, Opara JK, Asebioyo SK. Hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic leaf extracts of Carica papaya and Newbouldia laevis on alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2019; 4 (6): 38-42.\r\n[32]. Isela EJ, Carlos AT, Dora EA, Luis FR, Carlos EL, Jorge LB, Leonor L, Juan CD, Deysi YB. Phytochemical screening and hypoglycemic activity of Carica papaya leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2014; 24: 341-347.\r\n[33]. Huxley A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, 1992.\r\n[34]. Barwick M. Tropical and Subtropical Trees \u2013 A Worldwide Encyclopaedic Guide. Thames &amp; Hudson, London, 2004.\r\n[35]. Burkil HM. The Useful Plants of West Tropical. Royal Botanic Gardens; Kew. 1985-2004.\r\n[36]. Okeke AO. Three-minute Herbal Treatment to Reduce Dental Caries with a Newbouldia laevis Based Extract. Am J Undergrad Res. 2003; 2:1\u20134.\r\n[37]. Tanko Y, Okasha MA, Saleh MI, Mohammed A, Yerima M, Yaro AH, Isa AI. \u201cAntidiabetic Effects of the EthanolicFlower-Extracts of Newbouldia laevis on Blood Glucose Level in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats.\u201d Medwell Research Journal of Medical Science. 2008; 2 (2): 62-5.\r\n[38]. Owolabi OJ, Amaechina FC, Okoro M. \u201cEffect of ethanol leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis on blood glucose levels in diabetic rats\u201d. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2011; 10(3): 249- 254.\r\n[39]. Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA). Medicinal Plant of South-West Zone. Abuja Nigeria: NNMDA Publication, 2006; 1: 26.\r\n[40]. Kolawole OT, Akanji MA, Awe OE, Akiibinu MO. Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Newbouldia laevis Attenuates Glycosylation of Hemoglobin and Lipid Peroxidation in Diabetic Rats. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2013; 8 (4): 179-186.\r\n[41]. Bosha JA, Asuzu IU, Anaga AO. \u201cAntidiabetic Effects of Newbouldia laevis Methanol Leaf Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.\u201d Presented at the 37th Annual Conference of the West African Society for Pharmacology (WASP) Held at Sheraton Hotel Lagos, Nigeria, 2013; 45.\r\n[42]. Ogunlana OI and Ogunlana OO. \u201cIn vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Newbouldia Laevis.\u201d J. Med. Plant Res. 2008; 2 (8): 176-9.\r\n[43]. Chinyelu CO, Peter AA, Chukwuemeka SN. Biochemical and Haematological Effects of the Leaf Extract of Newbouldia laevis in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. Journals of Biomedical &amp; Life Sciences, 2017; 5 (6):18-36.\r\n[44]. Anaduaka EG, Ogugua VN, Egba S, Apeh VO. Comparative anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract of Newbouldia laevis leaves and stem on serum lipid profile and lipid peroxidation status in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Word J. Pharm. Pharma. Sci. 2013; 2(3):833-845.\r\n[45]. Anaduaka EG, Ogugua VN, Agu CV, Okonkwo CC. Ethanol extracts of Newbouldia laevis stem and leaves modulate serum liver marker enzymes and antioxidant enzymes activities in diabetic rats. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2014; 13(22) 2265-2275.\r\n[46]. Szudelski T (2001). The mechanism of Alloxan and Streptozotocin actions in \u03b2-cell of the rats\u2019 pancreas. Physiol Res 50(6): 536-546\r\n[47]. Adenowo AF, Ilori MF, Balogun FO, Kazeem MI. Protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Carica papaya linn (Caricaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014; 13(11): 1877-1882.\r\n[48]. Aronson D and Edelman ER. Coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Cardiol. Clin. 2014; 32:439\u2013455.\r\n[49]. Preis SR, Pencina MJ, Hwang SJ, D\u2019Agostino RB, Savage PJ, Levy D, Fox CS. Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2009; 120:212\u2013220.\r\n[50]. Yusuf S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Islam S, Li W, Liu L, Bo J, Lou Q, Lu F, Liu T, et al. Cardiovascular risk and events in 17 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. N. Engl. J. Med. 2014; 371:818\u2013827.\r\n[51]. Santos-Gallego CG and Rosenson RS. Role of HDL in those with diabetes. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014; 16(9):512.\r\n[52]. Mooradian AD. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009; 5(3):150\u2013159.\r\n[53]. Danilova I.G., Sarapultsev P.A., Medvedeva S.U., Gette I.F., Bulavintceva T.S., Sarapultsev A.P. &#8220;Morphological Restructuring of Myocardium During the Early Phase of Experimental Diabetes Mellitus&#8221;. Anat. Rec. 2014; 298 (2): 396\u2013407.\r\n[54]. Loreto D and Elina V. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2009.\r\n[55]. Al Shamaony L, Al Khazraji MS, Twaij HA. Hypoglycemic effects of Artemisia herba-alba. II. Effect of a valuable extract on some blood parameters indiabetic animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994; 43(3):167-171.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Njoku-Oji, Njideka Nancy; Ifegwu, Njoku Oji; Igbonaju, Marvelous; Okwuonu, Ifeoma Frances; Chukwukaeme, Chidinma Winifred; Mmaju, Chidinma Ifeyinwa; Okonudo, Peter Osezele, &#8220;Effect of Ethanoic Leaf Extracts of <i>Carica Papaya<\/i> and <i>New Bouldia Laevis<\/i> on Lipid Profile of Diabetic Wistar Rats&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.19-25 February 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9201<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/19-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-ethanoic-leaf-extracts-of-carica-papaya-and-new-bouldia-laevis-on-lipid-profile-of-diabetic-wistar-rats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Ethanoic Leaf Extracts of <i>Carica Papaya<\/i> and <i>New Bouldia Laevis<\/i> on Lipid Profile of Diabetic Wistar Rats<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e2ec7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1e2ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e2f96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e2f96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e312f\" data-id=\"f1e312f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e3266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e3266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>External Debt and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria, 1981\u20132019<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Nnamocha, P. N. (PhD), Anyanwu, Austin Chinenye (PhD), Evbie Johnson February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 26-36<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e3305 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e3305\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e34ae\" data-id=\"f1e34ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e360e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1e360e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research studied external debt and macro-economic performance in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The macro-economic performance indicators employed were Real Gross Domestic Product, and Inflation rate while external debt stock was the explanatory variable. The study employed the cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model as the main analytical tool. The findings revealed that a significant positive relationship existed between external debt stock and inflation ratein Nigeria while external debt stock decreased Real GDP. The study also found that shocks to external debt stock decreased real GDP initially but grew subsequently at a slow pace. The external debt stock contributed to the macro-economy in the VEC model was very minimal as they contributed less than 20%. The study concluded that Nigeria\u2019s external debt had negatively affected the macro-economy and also, external debt stock increased inflation rate thus indicating a serious strain in the macro-economy occasioned by continued debts without a corresponding debt servicing. Thus, we recommended that the government can utilize external debt to decrease the rate of inflation through government focus on productive sectors and channeling of public investments to the real sector. Also, Nigeria should focus more on the real sector which is the productive sector of the economy so as to create a long term external debt service plan and ease the strain on exchange rate and the macro-economy<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 26-36\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nnamocha, P. N. (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept of Economics, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anyanwu, Austin Chinenye (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGulftek Microfinance Cooperative Society Ltd, Owerri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Evbie Johnson<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDept of Economics, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Afolabi, B., Laoye, A., Kolade, A.R., &amp; Enaholo, J. (2017). 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Washington, DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No.1618, World Bank\r\n[14] Clements, B., Bhattarcharya, R. and Nguyen, T.Q. (2003). \u201cExternal Debt, Public Investment and Growth in Low Income Countries\u201d. IMF Working Paper No. 03\/249.\r\n[15] Debt Management Office of Nigeria (DMO) (2012). www.dmo.gov.ng\r\n[16] Dijkstra, G and Hermes, N. (2001). The Uncertainty of Debt Service Payments and Economic Growth of HIPCs: Is there a Case for Debt Relief?\r\n[17] Dikeogu, C. C., (2018) Public Spending and Inflation in Nigeria, International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 4, Issue 14\r\n[18] Egbulonu, K. G. (2020). Testing for unit root, cointegration and Vector Auto regression. Unpublished Lecture Note.\r\n[19] Ejigayehu, D.A. (2013). \u201cThe Effect of External Debt in Economic Growth\u201d. Journal of the Department of Economics Sodertorn University.\r\n[20] Eke, C.K. and Akujuobi, N.E. 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African Research Review. 11(4) 156.\r\n[38] Nnamocha P.N., (2001) Public Finance \u2013 Concepts, Principles and Theories, Bon Associates, Owerri, Nigeria\r\n[39] Nnamocha P.N., (2002) Public Finance for a Developing Economy: The Nigerian Application, Bon Associates, Owerri, Nigeria\r\n[40] Nwaru, N.M. (2016). Economics of Money, Banking &amp; Financial Markets, Kricel Publishers, Owerri Nigeria.\r\n[41] Odubuasi, A. C., Uzoka, P. U. &amp; Anichebe, A. S. (2018). External debt and Economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Financial Management, 4(6), 98\u2013108.\r\n[42] Ogbeifun, M.I. (2007). \u201cThe Politics of External Debt Relief: Nigeria\u2019s Unique Experience\u201d. African Journal of Stability and Development.1(1).\r\n[43] Ogunmuyiwa, M.S. (2011). Does External Debt Promote Economic Growth? Current Research Journal of Economic Theory. 3(1), 29-35.\r\n[44] Ohwofasa, B.O., Nana, J.U. and Kumapayi A. A. 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Washington, DC. \u00a9 World Bank. ttps:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/13191 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.\u201d\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nnamocha, P. N. (PhD), Anyanwu, Austin Chinenye (PhD), Evbie Johnson, &#8220;External Debt and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria, 1981\u20132019&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.26-36 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/26-36.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/26-36.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/external-debt-and-macroeconomic-performance-in-nigeria-1981-2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>External Debt and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria, 1981\u20132019<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e4453 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1e4453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e4539 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e4539\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e46d7\" data-id=\"f1e46d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e4816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e4816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Yuliah, Leni Triana, Rina Nopianti February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 37-42<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e48bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e48bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e4a5f\" data-id=\"f1e4a5f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e4ba5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1e4ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">An study into the financial performance of property and real estate firms that are publicly traded on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020 was conducted. There have been a number of previous financial performance studies. In order to re-examine the theory of financial performance, additional study is required. A total of 52 property and real estate companies participated in the survey. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 29 sample companies over a five-year period (2016-2020), resulting in 145 observations. The information for this study came from a list of firms that could be found on the website of the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data is analyzed through the use of multiple regression analysis. Following the traditional assumption test, multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing are performed, respectively. Financial performance is influenced by a number of factors, including capital structure, firm size, and total asset turnover. The capital structure has a significant negative impact on the financial success of a company. The size of a company has minimal impact on its financial performance, but the overall amount of assets it has does.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 37-42\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9202<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yuliah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nManagement Department, Bina Bangsa University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Leni Triana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nManagement Department, Bina Bangsa University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rina Nopianti <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAccounting Department, Bina Bangsa University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] D. K. O. Kusumajaya, \u201cPengaruh Struktur Modal dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan terhadap Profitabilitas dan Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia,\u201d Unpubl. Thesis. Univ. Udayana, pp. 1\u2013132, 2011, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/7689418\/Pengaruh_Struktur_Modal_Dan_Pertumbuhan_Perusahaan_Terhadap_Prof.\r\n[2] H. Hartoyo, \u201cHubungan Current Ratio, Struktur Modal, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2014-2016,\u201d J. Maksipreneur Manajemen, Koperasi, dan Entrep., vol. 8, no. 1, p. 81, 2018, doi: 10.30588\/jmp.v8i1.375.\r\n[3] E. N. Zakiyah, M. A. Salim, and B. Wahono, \u201cPengaruh Struktur Modal dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2017),\u201d e-jurnal Ris. Manaj. Prodi Manaj. Fak. Ekon. dan Bisnis Unisma, pp. 86\u201397, 2018.\r\n[4] J. T. A. Tambunan and B. Prabawani, \u201cPengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Struktur Modal Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Aneka Industri Tahun 2012-2016),\u201d Diponegoro J. Soc. Polit., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 130\u2013140, 2018, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id\/index.php.\r\n[5] N. An Suci Azzahra, \u201cPengaruh Firm Size dan Leverage Ratio Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Pertambangan,\u201d Jwem Stie Mikroskil, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 13\u201320, 2019.\r\n[6] D. Puji Rahayu, \u201cPengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan , Struktur Modal , Dan Likuiditas terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Tercatat Di Bursa Efek Indonesia ( Bei ) Tahun 2013-2017,\u201d J. Akunt. Dan Keuang. Kontemporer, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 121\u2013134, 2019, doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.30596%2Fja kk.v2i1.5705.\r\n[7] N. L. G. S. Fajaryani and E. Suryani, \u201cStruktur Modal, Likuiditas, Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan,\u201d J. Ris. Akunt. Kontemporer, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 74\u201379, 2018, doi: 10.23969\/jrak.v10i2.1370.\r\n[8] P. Lestari, \u201cPengaruh Likuiditas, Der, Firm Size, Dan Asset Turnover Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan,\u201d J. Neraca J. Pendidik. dan Ilmu Ekon. Akunt., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 1, 2020, doi: 10.31851\/neraca.v4i1.3843.\r\n[9] A. Yunita, J. Susyanti, and B. Wahono, \u201cPengaruh Analisis Current Ratio (Cr), Debt To Equity Ratio (Der) Dan Total Assets Turnover (Tato) Terhadap Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Pada Ekonomi Kreatif Sub Sektor Fashion Di Kota Malang Tahun 2016-2018,\u201d e-Jurnal Ris. Manaj., pp. 1\u201317, 2020.\r\n[10] Y. A. Nurcahya and R. P. Dewi, \u201cAnalisis Laporan Keuangan Sebagai Alat untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan pada PT Multi Bintang Indonesia Tbk,\u201d J. Ilm. Akunt. dan Keuang., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 83\u201395, 2020, doi: 10.32639\/jiak.v9i2.423.\r\n[11] I. Fahmi, Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan dan Pasar Modal. 2014.\r\n[12] Sartono, Manajemen Keuangan Teori dan Aplikasi. Yogyakarta: BPFE, 2016.\r\n[13] B. Mahmood, M. Iqbal, M. Zafar, and B. Khalid, \u201cTextile Industry Socializing, Economic Gains and Capital Structure: A Case Study of Faisalabad, Pakistan,\u201d J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 1\u20137, 2017, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Muhammad_Iqbal76\/publication\/319502279_Textile_Industry_Socializing_Economic_Gains_and_Capital_Structure_A_Case_Study_of_Faisalabad_Pakistan\/links\/59af76c1aca2720370736957\/Textile-Industry-Socializing-Economic-Gains-an.\r\n[14] M. Suharli, \u201cSTUDI EMPIRIS MENGENAI PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN HARGA SAHAM TERHADAP JUMLAH DIVIDEN TUNAI (Studi pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta Periode 2002-2003),\u201d J. Manajemen, Akunt. Sist. Inf., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 243\u2013256, 2010, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/ejournal.undip.ac.id\/index.php\/ maksi\/article\/view\/258.\r\n[15] D. Mulyanti, Manajemen Keuangan Perusahaan, vol. 8, no. 1. 2017.\r\n[16] A. Sri, M. Dewi, and A. Wirajaya, \u201cPengaruh Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Pada Nilai Perusahaan,\u201d E-Jurnal Akunt., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 358\u2013372, 2013.\r\n[17] C. Srimindarti, \u201cPengaruh Current Ratio,Total Assets Turnover, dan Return on Investment Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Pada Industri Food And Beverages Yang Terdaftar Di BEI .\u201d 6(2):147\u201358.,\u201d vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 147\u2013158, 2009.\r\n[18] L. F. A. Desiana, Analisis Laporan Keuangan (Teori dan Pemahaman Materi). 2017.\r\n[19] Sugiarto, Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis. In Yeskha (Ed.), Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis. 2017.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Yuliah, Leni Triana, Rina Nopianti, &#8220;Analysis of Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.37-42 February 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9202<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/37-42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-factors-affecting-financial-performance-of-property-and-real-estate-companies-listed-on-the-indonesia-stock-exchange\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis of Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e59d5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1e59d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5aa0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e5aa0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5c48\" data-id=\"f1e5c48\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5d8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e5d8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design and Fabrication of Small-Scale Maize Roaster<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Olasupo O. S., Salau, T. A. O. February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 43-52<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5e2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e5e2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5fb6\" data-id=\"f1e5fb6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e610c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1e610c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nigeria local method of maize roasting is prone to high operating stress, uneven roasted maize, high greenhouse effect, low hygienic level and higher time per roast operation, this study was therefore design to explore modern method that can drastically reduce these challenges. From among alternatives considered a 2.976 kg roasted maize in fifteen minutes roasting machine was designed, fabricated using economically available local resources and evaluated. The machine consists majorly electric motor (2.5 rev\/min to 3 rev\/min) mounted on bearings, selected heating elements (2.07kW calculated based literature standard), transmission and drum shafts, perforated galvanized roasting drum and thermostat (200oC maximum temperature). The machine was tested empty at full chamber volume that took average of 51 minutes and 36 second to reach 200oC from ambient temperature. Other tests carried out helped to establish, the optimum roasting mass for the machine was 2 kg compared to design capacity value of 2.976 kg roasted maize in fifteen minutes. The roasting process was carried out faster with lesser stress, zero greenhouse gasses in a hygienic environment as calculated for.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 43-52\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olasupo O. S. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Salau, T. A. O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] O. Atere, et. al. &#8220;Modelling the Performance of a Roasting Machine.\u201d American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), vol. 9(8), 2020, pp. 75-82.\r\n[2] Awopetu O. O., Aderibigbe A. F. (2017). Development of a manually operated multi-purpose roasting machine. British Journal of Applied Science &amp; Technology. 20(1): 1-7, 2017; Article no. BJAST.31679\r\n[3] Choi, Y. and Okos, M. R. (1986). Effects of temperature and composition on the thermal properties of food. In Food Engineering and Process Applications, Vol. 1. \u201cTransport Phenomena.\u201d M. Le Maguer and P.Jelen, eds., 93\u2013101. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London\r\n[4] Deepika Pandey and Ratna Kumari, D. 2020. Testing of an Improved Maize Roaster for Street Vendors. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(04): 1040-1044.doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.904.123\r\n[5] Deosthale YG (1982). Food processing and nutritive value of legumes. In H. C. Srivastava (Ed.), Pulse production, constraints and opportunities (pp. 377\u2013388). New Delhi, India: Oxford\/IBH Publishing Co.\r\n[6] Farrall, A. W. (1979) Food Engineering Systems, Vol. 2. AVI, Westport, Connecticut, pp. 117\u2013128.\r\n[7] Hall, A.S.; Holowenko, A.R.; and Laughlin, H.G. 1988. Theory and problems of machine design. Shaum\u2019s Outline Series, S.I. (metric) ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA. pp. 113-4.\r\n[8] Hossain, A (ed.). 2020, Maize &#8211; Production and Use, IntechOpen, London. 10.5772\/intechopen.82912\r\n[9] Ilori Titus Adeyinka, Raji Abuduganiyu Olayinka, Adejumo AkinfoyeOyime, Kilanko Oluwaseun. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Maize Roaster. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society. Vol. 2, No. 5, 2014, pp. 161-164.doi: 10.11648\/j.ijsts.20140205.19\r\n[10] Khurmi R. S. and Gupta J. K. (2005). A Textbook of Machine Design, First Multicolor Edition.\r\n[11] Lafiandra D, Riccardi G, Shewry PR (2014). Improving cereal grain carbohydrates for diet and health. Journal of Cereal Science 59: 312 -326.\r\n[12] Oke P. K. (2013). Development of a multipurpose roasting machine. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 14. Number 2. November 2013 (Fall)\r\n[13] Omenna Emmanuel Chukwuma, Olanipekun Oyeyoyin Taiwo, Udouso Victory Boniface. Effect of the Traditional Cooking Methods (Boiling and Roasting) on the Nutritional Profile of Quality Protein Maize. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences. Vol. 4, No. 2, 2016, pp. 34-40. doi: 10.11648\/j.jfns.20160402.124\r\n[14] Siljestrom M., Westerlund E., Bjorck I., Holm J., Asp N. G., Theander O. (1986). The effects of various thermal processes on dietary fiber and starch content of whole grain wheat and white flour. Journal of Cereal Science; 4(4): 315 &#8211; 323.\r\n[15] Sobowale, S. S., O. B. Oluwole, O. P. Olatidoye, O. A. Eweje, A. T. Olayanju, and O. A. Adebo. 2020. Design and construction of a mechanized charcoal-fueled corn roaster. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 22 (4):93-101.\r\n[16] Tenaillon M. I. and Charcosset A., (2011). A European Perspective on Maize History. C. R. Biologies 334 (2011) 221\u2013228\r\n[17] Tolera A, Sundst\u00f8l F, Said AN (1998). The effect of stage of maturity on yield and quality of maize grain and stover. Animal Feed Science and Technology 75: 157 \u2013 168.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Olasupo O. S., Salau, T. A. O., &#8220;Design and Fabrication of Small-Scale Maize Roaster&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.43-52 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/43-52.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/43-52.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-and-fabrication-of-small-scale-maize-roaster\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Design and Fabrication of Small-Scale Maize Roaster<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e6f13 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1e6f13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e6fed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e6fed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e71a7\" data-id=\"f1e71a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e72d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e72d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in Controlling Inflation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Ogunjinmi Olusola.O. February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 53-58<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e7381 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e7381\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e7525\" data-id=\"f1e7525\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e7664 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1e7664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper investigated the effectiveness of monetary policy in controlling inflation in Nigeria using secondary annual data spanning from 1981 to 2019. Specifically, the paper examines if there exist any form of relationship between monetary policy and inflation in Nigeria. Money Supply, Treasury Bills Rate, Monetary Policy Rate and Exchange Rate were the variables used in the study to check inflation. The paper employed Johansen cointegration method to check for the long run relationship between the variables. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was adopted because of its property of Best Linear Unbiased Estimator. The Johansen co- integration test revealed the existence of long-run relationship between the variables. However, the empirical result of the OLS test showed that monetary policy rate, money supply and treasury bill rates exert influence on inflation in Nigeria. While exchange rate depreciation leads to inflationary growth. This result is consistent with the prediction of economic theory. The study therefore concluded that money supply, treasury bills rate, monetary policy and exchange rate had influence on inflation within the period under consideration and recommends that monetary authority should put in place schemes to make them more effective perhaps by offering competitive rates and the nation Nigeria shift from being a consumption driven (import) economy to production based (export) economy for the impacts of these policies to achieve desired results.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 53-58\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogunjinmi Olusola.O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, Tangaza University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] AbiolaAdeolaKumapayi, Joseph Ufuoma Nana, Bright OnoriodeOhwofasa (2012) \u201cImpact of Inflation on Monetary Policy and Economic Development in Nigerian, 1980- 2010. Evidence from Empirical Data\u201d Asian Journal of Empirical Research Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 28-39\r\n[2] G. Ahiabor(2013). The Effects of Monetary Policy on Inflation in Ghana. Developing Country Studies, 3(12),82-89.\r\n[3] A.Asuquo, (2012). Inflation accounting and control through monetary policy measures in Nigeria: Multi-regression analysis (1973-2010). IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 1(2),53-62.\r\n[4] F.Adodo, O.Akindutire, &amp; J.Ogunyemi, (2018). MONETARY POLICY AND CONTROL OF INFLATION IN NIGERIA. International Journal of Management, IT &amp; Engineering, 8(12),154-170.\r\n[5] O.F. Anowor, &amp; G.C. Okorie(2016). A reassessment of the impact of monetarypolicy on economic growth: Study of Nigeria. International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies, 4(1),82-90\r\n[6] H.A.Ajie and S.G. Nenbee (2010). Monetary Policy and Stock Prices in Nigeria, 1980- 2008: An Econometric Analysis. The International Journal Series on Tropical Issues, 11(2):183 194,July.\r\n[7] A.A. Alchian, and B. Klein (1973) \u201cOn a Correct Measure of Inflation\u201d, Journalof Money, Credit and Banking 5(1),173-191.\r\n[8] D. Asteriousand S.G. Hall, (2007). Applied Econometrics: A Modern Approach, London: Palgrave andMacmillan\r\n[9] C. Brooks (2008). Introductory Econometrics for Finance (2nd), New York: Cambridge UniversityPress\r\n[10] A.Bakare(2011).Anempiricalstudyofthedeterminantsofmoneysupplygrowthandits effects on inflation rate in Nigeria. Journal Of Research In International Business And Management, 1(5),124-129.\r\n[11] G. E. Bassey&amp; E. B. Essien (2014). Inflation Targeting framework for Monetary Policy in Nigeria: Issues, Problems and Prospects. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development (JESD) Vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 88 \u2013101\r\n[12] M.F. Bryan, S.G. Cecchetti and G. O\u2019Sullivan (2002) \u201cAsset Prices in theMeasurement of Inflation\u201d. NBER working paper, 8700\r\n[13] C. O. Chinaemerem&amp;L. E. Akujuobi(2012). Inflation Targeting and Monetary Policy Instruments: Evidence from Nigeria and Ghana. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review.Vol. 1, No.11, pp. 52 \u2013 81\r\n[14] O. P.Chimobi and U. C. Uche (2010). Money, Price and Output: A Causality Test for Nigeria. American Journal of Scientific Research, 8,78-87\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Ogunjinmi Olusola.O., &#8220;Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in Controlling Inflation in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.53-58 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/53-58.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/53-58.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effectiveness-of-monetary-policy-in-controlling-inflation-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in Controlling Inflation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e8481 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1e8481\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e8552 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e8552\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e87ae\" data-id=\"f1e87ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e88fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e88fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Times of COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact: Rethinking the Public Sector Practices in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Zvimekria Clive Mukushwa, Enock Chikohora February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 59-66<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e899f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e899f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e8b41\" data-id=\"f1e8b41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e8cae elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1e8cae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The public sector is widely recognised as one of the strategic providers of goods and services to ameliorate public welfare. Besides this, the public sector also formulates and implements macro-socio-economic policies to create a predictable, consistent and transparent investment climate. However, the advent of COVID-19 pandemic abruptly in late 2019 in China has undoubtedly reconfigured the traditional working landscape of the public sector internationally. Zimbabwe is no exception. One ponders how Zimbabwe weathered to this magnitude global catastrophe to be ahead of the curve and stay operational since its traditional practice were almost made redundant. There is still paucity of literature on COVID-19 pandemic and public sector governance. Hence, this paper assessed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and government regulations to the public sector practices in Zimbabwe. It also evaluated the efficacy of COVID-19 preventative measures in suppressing the virus. This paper was largely qualitative study hinged on document analytic approach and snap survey. This paper argued that for public sector institutions to cope with the \u2018new normal\u2019, they should strategically rethink its philosophy of public sector practices. Analysis of recent literature that show that this global threat has unprecedentedly forced the government to trim its workforce to work physically and deferment of development projects as well as caused deaths of critical expertise and loss of revenue, among others. Debatably, the advent of COVID-19 pandemic is a wake-up call for Zimbabwe to learn some critical lessons and insights to capitalise on new opportunities presented to modernise its practice. Even though innovative digital strategies were adopted minimally, this paper further recommends that the public sector institutions should strengthen the espousal of contemporary digital systems sustainably to stay afloat in hard times of this crisis and post-COVID-19 bane.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 59-66\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9203<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zvimekria Clive Mukushwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPh.D candidate in Local Governance Studies, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Enock Chikohora<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer: Department of Peace, Leadership and Conflict Resolution, Zimbabwe Open University, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] African Development Bank Group. (2020). Zimbabwe Economic Outlook. Retrieved from: www.afdb.com.\r\n[2] Alinska, A., Filipiack, B.Z &amp; Kosztowniak, A. (2018). The Importance of the Public Sector in Sustainable Development in Poland. Journal of Sustainability. 1-24. Retrieved from: www.mdpi.com\/journal\/sustainability.\r\n[3] Betchoo, N.K. (2016). Public Sector Management: A Millennium Insight (1st ed). Cyrus Jones, Graduate Hopkins University: USA. 6-122.\r\n[4] Botchwey, K., P., Collier, J., W; Gunning and Hamada, K. (1998). Report of the Group of Independent Persons appointed to Conduct an Evaluation of Certain Aspects of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, Washington DC, IMF.\r\n[5] Bowen, G. (2009). Document Analysis as Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal. 9 (2), 27-40. Doi 10.3316\/6\/QR0902027.\r\n[6] Chagonda, (2020, 12 April). Zimbabwe\u2019s Shattered Economy poses a serious challenge to fighting COVID-19. The Conversation. 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COVID-19; faecal-oral transmission? Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17. Retrieved from: http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020.0295-7.\r\n[14] Hood, C. (1991). \u201cA Public Management of all seasons\u201d. Public Administration. 69 (1), 3-19.\r\n[15] Jan-Erik, L. (2000). The Public Sector: Concepts, Models and Approaches. (3rd ed). Sage Publications.\r\n[16] Kumbuka, D. (2021, 22 January). Only 10 % Zimbabwe government staff working in offices amid COVID-19 surge. BusinessDay. Retrieved from: www.businessday.co.za.\r\n[17] Larbi, G. A. (1998). The New Public Management Approach and Crisis States. UNRISD. Geneva.\r\n[18] Li, G. (2021). Nikkei COVID-19 Recovery Index. Retrieved from: www.asia.nikkei.com.\r\n[19] Lowy Institute. (2021). COVID-19 Performance Index: Decongesting Pandemic Response. Retrieved from: www.interactive.lowyinstitute.org.\r\n[20] Masiyiwa, G. (2021). Scarred by COVID Battle, Health Workers Lack Support. Global Press Journal. Retrieved from: https:\/\/globalpressjournal.com.\r\n[21] Mazzussato, M &amp; Kattel, R. (2020). COVID-19 and Public Sector Capacity. IPP. Working Paper. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose. 1-19. Retrieved from: https\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/Bartlett\/public\/wp2020-12.\r\n[22] Molens, D. M., Taubenberger, J. K and Fauci, A. S. (2009). The Persistent legacy of the 1918 influenza virus. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 225-229.\r\n[23] Ministry of Health and Child Care. (2021). COVID-19 Updates. Retrieved from: www.mohcc.gov.zw.\r\n[24] Mukushwa, Z. C., Mapuva, J and Mutema, E. P. (2021). The Practice of Participatory Budgeting during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe\u2019s Local Government Sector: A Case of Chitungwiza Municipality. The African Review. 24, 1-24. doi: 10.1163\/1821889X-12340057.\r\n[25] Mutizwa, M., Buhle, F., Burt, J &amp; Souza, B. (2020). Education in times of COVID-19: Looking for Silver Linings in Southern Africa. Education Responses. Southern African Journal of Environment Education. 36, 1-16. doi.10.4314\/sajeez.36.17.\r\n[26] Nyomsi, C., Yatta., F Pozhidaez, D., Kiwala, L., Ndugwa, R., Beguy, D., Mwaniki, D., Lalande, C., Crispi, G., Kamiya, M., Gambo, M., Poournaris, M., Zulu, J &amp; Ghebru, Y. (2020). COVID-19 in African Cities: Impacts, Responses and Policies. UN-HABITAT, UNCDF, UCLG-Africa and UNECA. 4-29.\r\n[27] Palrao, T., Rodrigues, R.T &amp; Estervao, J.V. (2021). The Role of the Public Sector in the Aftermath of COVID-19 Pandemic crisis: The Case Portuguese events\u2019 industry. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism. Doi.1080\/15470148.2021.1904077.\r\n[28] Parry, L. J., Asenbaum, H and Ecran, S. A. (2020). Democracy in Flux: A Systematic view on the Impact of COVID-19. Emerald Publishing Limited. 1-9. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/1750-6166.htm.\r\n[29] Popa, F. (2017). Public Sector: Concepts, Elements, Implications in Economic and Social Life Studies and Scientific Researches, Economies Edition. 25, 49-56.\r\n[30] Save the Children. (2020). Save the Children: Outbreak could cause millions of children to suffer for years to come. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.savethechildren.org\/us\/about\/media-ed-news\/2020-press-releases\/outbreak-could-cause-years-tochildren-sufferingforchildren.\r\n[31] Stephens, Z. (2021). List of Countries without Coronavirus. Retrieved from: www.korgogroup.com.\r\n[32] Therkilden, O. (2001). Efficiency, Accountability and Implementation: Public Sector Reform in East and Southern Africa. Democracy, Governance and Human Rights Programme Paper Number 3. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. 1-54.\r\n[33] Gwata-Charamba, R. G. (2020, 6 March). Zimbabwe: Setting Up the Public Sector for Improved performance. The Herald News. Retrieved from: www.africa.com.\r\n[34] The Institute of Internal Auditors. (2011). Supplementary Guidance: Public Sector Definition. Global. 3-6.\r\n[35] Tsiko, S. (2018). Fall Armyworm infests 150 000ha of Zimbabwe maize. The Herald News. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.herald.co.zw.\r\n[36] Umakanthan, S., Sahu, P., Ranade, A. V., Bukelo, M. M., Rao, J. S., Abrahao-Machado, L. F., Dahal, S., Kumar, H and Dhananjaya, K. V. (2020). Origin. Transmission, diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Postgrad Med J. 96, 753-758.\r\n[37] UK Parliament. (2021). Public Service: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lords Library. Parliament UK. Retrieved from. www.lordslibrary.parliament.uk.\r\n[38] United Nations. (2020). Immediate Socio-Economic Response to COVID-19 in Zimbabwe: A Framework for Intergrated Policy Analysis and Support. United Nations of Zimbabwe.\r\n[39] Xinhua. (2020, 11 August). Medical workers make up to 10 percent of Zimbabwe\u2019s confirmed cases. Xinhuanet News. Retrieved from: www.xihuanet.com.\r\n[40] Xinhua. (2021). Zimbabwe maintains strickest lockdown despite decrease in COVID-19 Inflections. Xinhuanet News. Retrieved from: www.xinhua.com.\r\n[41] Xu, J., Zhao, S., Teng, T et al. (2020). Systematic comparison of two animal-to-human transmitted human coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2. Viruses. 12. E244.\r\n[42] World Bank. (2020). Zimbabwe: COVID-19 further complicates Zimbabwe\u2019s and social conditions. Retrieved from: www.worldbank.org.\r\n[43] World Health Organisation. (2020). WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/health-emergences\/coronavirus-covid-19\/news\/news\/2020\/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic.\r\n[44] WHO. (2021). WHO Coronavirus (WHO) Dashboard. www.zimstat.co.zw\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Zvimekria Clive Mukushwa, Enock Chikohora, &#8220;Times of COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact: Rethinking the Public Sector Practices in Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.59-66 February 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9203<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/59-66.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/times-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-its-impact-rethinking-the-public-sector-practices-in-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Times of COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact: Rethinking the Public Sector Practices in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e9b58 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1e9b58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e9c37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e9c37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e9dc9\" data-id=\"f1e9dc9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1e9ef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1e9ef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teaching Skills Required by Pre-Service Teachers for Enhancing Teaching and Learning of Basic Science and Technology in Bosso Local Government, Niger State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Hassan, A. M., Akinduro, I. R., Mohammed, K. A. &amp; Ogunmilade, J. O. February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 67-72<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1e9faa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1e9faa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1ea132\" data-id=\"f1ea132\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ea265 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1ea265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was carried out to determine teaching skills required by pre-service teachers to enhance teaching and learning of basic technology in Bosso local government Minna, Niger state. Two research questions guided the study while two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted survey research design. The population for the study was 40 pre-service teachers of basic science and technology. There was no sampling because of the manageable size of the population. The instrument used for data collection was structured questionnaire. Three experts validated the instrument. Mean and standard deviation were employed to analyze data for answering research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed that Selection instructional content of a lesson, Select available human and material resources need for planning a lesson, Construct a lesson plan, Select methods and techniques for teaching a lesson, are the Instructional planning skills required by technology education student to enhance teaching and learning of Basic Science and Technology subject. Provide safety poster in the laboratory to encourage correct safety habit in sequence and logical order, Arrange benches and machines properly to facilitate learning are the Teaching methodological skills required by pre-service teachers for enhancing the implementations of Basic Science and Technology subject. Evaluating students affective domain, Assessing students psychomotor performance, Construct reliable test to evaluate students progress, Assessing the effectiveness of the teaching strategy, Making record about students academic ability, Provide records about students moral character and personality are the Instructional evaluation skills required by pre-service teachers for enhancing the implementations of Basic Science and Technology subject. It was recommended that pre-service teachers of basic science and technology should be retrained based on areas of needs identified in the study and relevant facilities for effective implementation of the Basic Science and Technology should be provided by government and other enabling bodies among others.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 67-72\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan, A. M. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Industrial and Technology Education Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akinduro, I. R. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Vocational and Technical Education Ajasin University Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed, K. A. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Building Technology Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogunmilade, J. O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Vocational and Technical Education Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Aina, O. (2014). The relevance of skill training in technical colleges to the emergence of industrial growth in Nigeria. A paper presented at the Convention of National Associationof Principals of Technical College in Nigeria ANPTECON\r\n[2] Babalola, O.E. (2012). Developing and nurturing a productive reading culture among primary school pupils in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo state, Nigeria. Unpublished B.A. (Ed) project, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo.\r\n[3] Bilbao, P.P., Lucido, P.I., Iringan, T.C., &amp; Javier, R.B. (2012). Curriculum development. Quezon City, Philippines: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.\r\n[4] European Parliament, (2008). European Parliament resolution of 23 September 2008 on improving quality of teacher education, (2008\/2068(INI)). Retrieved September 20, 2020 from https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\r\n[5] Federal Ministry of Education (2010). National policy on education. Lagos: Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC).\r\n[6] Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National policy on education (Revised). Lagos; Federal Ministry of Education Press.\r\n[7] Gedzune, G. (2015). Awakening pre-service teachers to children\u2019s social exclusion in the classroom. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 6, 95-109.\r\n[8] Iris, L. R. (2020). Pre-Service Teachers\u2019 Perceived Level of Teaching Skills. Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 6(1), 97-114\r\n[9] Nduanya, M. O. (2010). Report submitted to the Anambra state Ministry of education on Rationalization of Teacher Education programmes. Pg7, 30 -41.\r\n[10] Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) (2012). 9 years basic education curriculum (Basic Science and Technologyfor junior secondary 1- 3). Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja.\r\n[11] Okeke, C. C. (2014). Provision for the pre \u2013 vocational subjects at the jss level in Anambra State. problem and strategies. In Ehiametalor, E.T. (ed). Implemtation of the National Policy on Education, NERA. 69 -74.\r\n[12] Olaitan, S. O. (2013). Understanding curriculum. Nsukka: Ndudim Publishers.\r\n[13] Salandanan, G.G. (2012). Teaching and the teacher. Quezon City, Philippines: National Book Store.\r\n[14] Zeichner, K. (2002). Beyond traditional structures of student teaching. Teacher Education Quarterly, 29 (2), 59- 64.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Hassan, A. M., Akinduro, I. R., Mohammed, K. A. &amp; Ogunmilade, J. O., &#8220;Teaching Skills Required by Pre-Service Teachers for Enhancing Teaching and Learning of Basic Science and Technology in Bosso Local Government, Niger State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.67-72 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/67-72.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/67-72.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teaching-skills-required-by-pre-service-teachers-for-enhancing-teaching-and-learning-of-basic-science-and-technology-in-bosso-local-government-niger-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Teaching Skills Required by Pre-Service Teachers for Enhancing Teaching and Learning of Basic Science and Technology in Bosso Local Government, Niger State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1eb060 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1eb060\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1eb12d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1eb12d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1eb2d7\" data-id=\"f1eb2d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1eb411 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1eb411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Bank Competition, Concentration and Economic Growth: A Panel Analysis of Selected Banks in the Nigeria Banking Industry<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Okowa, Ezaal, Vincent, Moses Owede February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 73-83<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1eb4b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1eb4b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1eb65c\" data-id=\"f1eb65c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1eb7c2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1eb7c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The role of financial development in the growth and development of developing economies have constituted a popular discourse among development and financial economist. Two key issues of interest in the discussion of financial are competition and concentration in the banking industry as key predictors of growth in every economy. This study therefore investigated the effect of concentration and competition in the Nigerian banking industry on economic growth with focus on the big-8 banks in Nigeria. Moreover, the implementation of the consolidation policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria in the year 2005 informed the choice of period (i.e., 2005-2019) selected for this study. While a positive concentration-growth nexus was found in the study, the study could not establish a positive competition-growth nexus in the Nigerian economy for the period under review. The increase in capital base as required by the consolidation policy has accounted for the level of concentration in the banking industry; and this has made it easier for banks to contribute significantly to the growth of the economy. Imperfect competition in the banking industry on the other hand has led to higher costs of loans that detain firms from new investments, thus slowing down the firms\u2019 expansions and productivity growth.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 73-83\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9204<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okowa, Ezaal <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vincent, Moses Owede <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ajie, H.A., Ezi, C.T., Akekere, J., &amp; Ewubari, D.B. 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Mason, Ohio: Thomson South-Western.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Okowa, Ezaal, Vincent, Moses Owede, &#8220;Bank Competition, Concentration and Economic Growth: A Panel Analysis of Selected Banks in the Nigeria Banking Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.73-83 February 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9204<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/73-83.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/bank-competition-concentration-and-economic-growth-a-panel-analysis-of-selected-banks-in-the-nigeria-banking-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Bank Competition, Concentration and Economic Growth: A Panel Analysis of Selected Banks in the Nigeria Banking Industry<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ec656 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1ec656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1ec735 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1ec735\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1ec8d1\" data-id=\"f1ec8d1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1eca08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1eca08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u2018Financial Inclusion-Income Inequality\u2019 Nexus in Nigeria: Evidence from Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) Modeling Approach<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Okowa, Ezaal, Vincent, Moses Owede February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 84-94<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1ecaac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1ecaac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1ecc71\" data-id=\"f1ecc71\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ecddd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1ecddd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">High level of exclusion from the financial system could be a consequence of low level of financial development evident in such economy. Low financial access and access to financial services\/products is a one of the contributory factors to the level of income generated by households and businesses and by extension the level of income inequality in such economy. To examine the &#8220;Financial Inclusion-Income Inequality&#8221; nexus in Nigeria, this paper specifies income inequality in Nigeria as a function of deposit money banks&#8217; loans to SMEs, banks\u2019 credit to the private sector, number of bank branches, and broad money supply-to-GDP ratio. The data used in this study are annual time series data from 1992 to 2018. Specifically, data on financial access (measured by having a number of commercial banks branches and broad money supply-to-GDP); and access to financial services and products (measured by deposit money banks\u2019 loans to SMEs and deposit money banks&#8217; credit to the private sector) were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Data on level of inequality (measured by the Gini index) was collected from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The unit root tests (i.e., ADF and PP) shows that the time series are non-stationary until after first differencing. To empirically analyze the impact of financial inclusion on inclusive growth, the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) econometric technique was employed. The results show that the coefficients of financial access variables are significantly different from zero. That is, the improvement in the financial access component of financial inclusion will prove to be more effective in reducing the income inequality gap in Nigeria. This may not be unrelated to the reality on ground as it affects the cost of credit and the stringent requirements often included as pre-condition for granting of loans and supply of credits by deposit money banks and other business financing institutions. This paper therefore recommends policy that increases awareness among citizens on the importance of owning and maintaining a bank account; and establishment of more branches in the rural areas to serve the high and growing rural population.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 84-94\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9205<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okowa, Ezaal, Vincent <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moses Owede <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adamu, M.B. &amp; Suleiman, M. 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Financial inclusion and income inequality in Mexican municipalities. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(12), 29\u201343. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/jss.2015.312004\r\n[77] Seven, U., &amp; Coskun, Y., (2016). Does financial development reduce income inequality and poverty? Evidence from emerging countries. Emerging Markets Review 26, 34\u201463.\r\n[78] Sha\u2019ban, M., Girardone, C., &amp; Sarkisyan, A. (2020). Cross-country variation in financial inclusion: a global perspective. The European Journal of Finance, 26(4\u20135), 319-340.\r\n[79] Stock, J.H., &amp; Watson, M.W. (1993). A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems. Econometrica, 61(4), 783-820.\r\n[80] Swamy, V. (2010). Bank-based financial intermediation for financial inclusion and inclusive growth. Banks and Bank Systems, 5(4), 1\u201312. Retrieved from http:\/\/mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de\/49602\/%5Cn\r\n[81] Tchamyou, V.S. (2020). Education, lifelong learning, inequality and financial access: evidence from African countries. Contemporary Social Science, 15(1), 7-25.\r\n[82] Tchamyou, V.S., Erreygers, G., &amp; Cassimon, D. (2019). Inequality, ICT and financial access in\r\n[83] Townsend R.M., &amp; Ueda, K. (2006). Financial deepening, inequality, and growth: a model-based quantitative evaluation. The Review of Economic Studies, 73, 251-280.\r\n[84] Tur\u00e9gano, D. M., &amp; Herrero, A. G. (2018). Financial Inclusion, rather than size, is the key to tackling income inequality. The Singapore Economic Review, 63(1), 167\u2013184. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0217590818410047\r\n[85] Ugoani, J.N.N. (2017). Prudent Macroeconomic Management for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, 3(11), 272-281.\r\n[86] United Nations Development Programme (2019). 2018 Human Development Data Bank. http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/data. Retrieved 27 January, 2022.\r\n[87] Van, D.T.T. &amp; Linh, N.H. (2019). The Impacts of Financial Inclusion on Economic Development: Cases in Asian-Pacific Countries. Comparative Economic Research, 22, 7-16. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/cer-2019-0001\r\n[88] Vanguard (February 15, 2019). 91m Nigerians now living in extreme poverty. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2019\/02\/91m-nigerians-now-living-in-extreme- poverty\/\r\n[89] Wilkinson, R., &amp; Pickett, K. (2009). The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone. London: Penguin Books.\r\n[90] World Bank (2018, 2nd October). Financial Inclusion Overview. Retrieved Jan 10, 2022, from https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/financialinclusion\/overview\r\n[91] World Bank (2019). World Development Indicators database. Washington, DC. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org. Accessed 6 February 2022.\r\n[92] Zhang, Q., &amp; Posso, A. (2019). Thinking inside the box: A closer look at financial inclusion and household income. The Journal of Development Studies, 55(7), 1616\u20131631. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220388.2017.1380798\r\n[93] Zia, I.Z. &amp; Prasetyo, P.E. (2018). Analysis of Financial Inclusion Toward Poverty and Income Inequality. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 19(1):114-125. https:\/\/dx.doi.org.10.23917\/jep.v19i1.5879\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Okowa, Ezaal, Vincent, Moses Owede, &#8220;\u2018Financial Inclusion-Income Inequality\u2019 Nexus in Nigeria: Evidence from Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) Modeling Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.84-94 February 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9205<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/84-94.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/financial-inclusion-income-inequality-nexus-in-nigeria-evidence-from-dynamic-ordinary-least-square-dols-modeling-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>\u2018Financial Inclusion-Income Inequality\u2019 Nexus in Nigeria: Evidence from Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) Modeling Approach<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1edca8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1edca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1edd89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1edd89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1edf38\" data-id=\"f1edf38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ee067 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1ee067\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Smoking as a Major Risk for Elderly Hypertension in The Covid-19 pandemic: A case-control Study<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Cucu Herawati, Septi Wulandari, Suzana Indragiri, Nuniek Tri Wahyuni, Dewi Mutiah, Didik Sumanto February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 95-100<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1ee104 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1ee104\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1ee2b0\" data-id=\"f1ee2b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ee40a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1ee40a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Introduction: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is an important public health problem in the world because its prevalence continues to increase and is the third biggest risk of premature death. Lifestyle is the most important risk factor that can cause hypertension, including physical activity, diet, smoking behavior, rest patterns. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of lifestyle on the incidence of hypertension in the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic era.\r\nMaterials and Methods: The research design uses a quantitative case-control design approach. A sample of 88 respondents consisted of 48 cases and 40 controls. Sampling method using accidental sampling technique, the instrument used is a questionnaire, data collection method using interviews, data analysis using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.\r\nResult: The results showed that there was a significant effect between physical activity (p-value 0.047), diet (p-value 0.012), smoking behavior with the incidence of hypertension (p-value 0.001), and there was no effect of rest patterns with the incidence of hypertension (p-value 0.001). p-value 0.334). Multivariate analysis found that smoking was the most influential factor with the incidence of hypertension (OR=6,647), meaning that respondents who had smoking behavior had a 7 times greater risk of suffering from hypertension than respondents who did not smoke.\r\nConclusion: There is a significant influence between physical activity, diet, and smoking behavior with the incidence of hypertension and there is no effect of rest patterns with the incidence of hypertension. Smoking behavior is the most influential factor in the incidence of hypertension.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 95-100\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9206<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cucu Herawati<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Septi Wulandari<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Suzana Indragiri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nuniek Tri Wahyuni<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dewi Mutiah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Didik Sumanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Epidemiology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Damasceno A. Noncommunicable Disease. Heart of Africa: Clinical Profile of an Evolving Burden of Heart Disease in Africa. 2016. 155-157 p.\r\n[2] Kemenkes RI. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Kementrian Kesehat RI. 2018;53(9):1689\u201399.\r\n[3] Kemenkes RI. Hipertensi Si Pembunuh Senyap. Kementrian Kesehat RI [Internet]. 2019;1\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/pusdatin.kemkes.go.id\/resources\/download\/pusdatin\/infodatin\/infodatin-hipertensi-si-pembunuh-senyap.pdf\r\n[4] Ain QU, Regmi K. The effects of smoking in developing hypertension in Pakistan: A systematic review. South East Asia J Public Heal. 2015;5(1):4\u201311.\r\n[5] Diaz KM, Shimbo D. Physical activity and the prevention of hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;15(6):659\u201368.\r\n[6] Shibata S, Arima H, Asayama K, Hoshide S, Ichihara A, Ishimitsu T, et al. Hypertension and related diseases in the era of COVID-19: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Task Force on COVID-19. Hypertens Res [Internet]. 2020;43(10):1028\u201346. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-020-0515-0\r\n[7] Yulia Susanti, Anita, Santoso DYA. Perilaku Cerdik Penderita Hipertensi Dimasa Pandemi Covid 19. J Keperawatan. 2021;13(1):61\u201376.\r\n[8] G\u00fclsen A, Yigitbas BA, Uslu B, Dr\u00f6mann D, Kilinc O. The Effect of Smoking on COVID-19 Symptom Severity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pulm Med. 2020;2020.\r\n[9] Kemenkes RI. Laporan Direktoral Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2017.\r\n[10] Kayce Bell PDC 2015, June Twiggs PDC 2015, Bernie R. Olin PD. Hypertension\u202f: The Silent Killer\u202f: Updated JNC-8 Guideline. Albama Pharm Assoc. 2015;1\u20138.\r\n[11] Gao C, Zhao Z, Li F, Liu JL, Xu H, Zeng Y, et al. The impact of individual lifestyle and status on the acquisition of COVID-19: A case-Control study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(11 November):1\u20139. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241540\r\n[12] Clark CE, McDonagh STJ, McManus RJ, Martin U. COVID-19 and hypertension: risks and management. A scientific statement on behalf of the British and Irish Hypertension Society. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2021;35(4):304\u20137. Available from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/s41371-020-00451-x\r\n[13] Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Younis K, Desai P, et al. Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2(8):1069\u201376.\r\n[14] Simanullang P. Hubungan Gaya Hidup Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia Dipuskesmas Darussalam Medan. J Darma Agung. 2018;26(1):522\u201332.\r\n[15] Pratiwi RA, Adhani R, Ramadhani K. hubungan gaya hidup dengan kejadian hipertensi pada usia dewasa di desa sapala kecamatan paminggir kabupaten hulu sungai utara Nor\u2019alia,. Nerspedia. 2017;II(1):77\u201386.\r\n[16] Gao K, Shi X, Wang W. The life-course impact of smoking on hypertension , myocardial infarction and respiratory diseases. 2017;(May):1\u20137.\r\n[17] Puskesmas Pegambiran Kota Cirebon. Profil Puskesmas. 2020.\r\n[18] Meylen Suoth, Hendro Bidjuni RTM. Hubungan Gaya Hidup Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Kolongah Kecamatan Kalawat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Ejournal Keperawatan (e-ke). 2014;2(1).\r\n[19] Fatmah. Respons Imunitas yang Rendah pada Tubuh Manusia Usia Lanjut. Makara Kesehat. 2006;10(1):47\u201353.\r\n[20] Jannah LM, Ernawaty E. The Relationship of Lifestyle with Hypertension in Bumiayu Kabupaten Bojonegoro. J Berk Epidemiol. 2018;6(2):157.\r\n[21] Guo Y. EliScholar \u2013 A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Examining The Association Between Cigarette Smoking And Hypertension In Rural China Examining the Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Hypertension in Rural China Yi Guo. 2018;\r\n[22] Syamsudin. Farmakoterapi Kardiovaskular dan Renal. Jakarta: Salemba medika; 2011.\r\n[23] Wahit. Ilmu Keperawatan Dasar. Jakarta: Salemba medika; 2015.\r\n[24] Casey, A &amp; Benson H. Panduan Harvard Medical School: Menurunkan Tekanan Darah. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer; 2012.\r\n[25] Furqani N, Rahmawati C, Melianti M. Hubungan Gaya Hidup Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Puskesmas Pagesangan Periode Juli 2019. Lumbung Farm J Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2020;1(1):34.\r\n[26] Yashinta Oktavia GS, Delmi S YL. Hubungan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi pada laki-laki usia 35-65 tahun di kota Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2015.\r\n[27] Umbas IM, Tuda J, Numansyah M. Hubungan Antara Merokok Dengan Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Kawangkoan. J Keperawatan. 2019;7(1).\r\n[28] Nisa I. Ajaibnya Terapi Herbal Tumpas Penyakit Darah Tinggi. Jakarta: Dunia Sehat; 2012.\r\n[29] Halperin RO, Michael Gaziano J, Sesso HD. Smoking and the risk of incident hypertension in middle-aged and older men. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21(2):148\u201352.\r\n[30] Andriani H, Kosasih RI, Putri S, Kuo HW. Effects of changes in smoking status on blood pressure among adult males and females in Indonesia: A 15-year population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(4).\r\n[31] Primatesta P, Brookes M, Poulter NR. Results From the Health Survey for England 1998. Hypertension. 2001;37:187\u201393.\r\n[32] Tirtosastro S, Murdiyati AS. Kandungan Kimia Tembakau dan Rokok. Kandung Kim Tembakau dan Rokok. 2017;2(1):33\u201344.\r\n[33] Dalimartha, Setiawan., Purnama, Basuri T., Sutarina Nora., Mahendra, B. DR. Care your self Hipertensi. Jakarta: Penebar Plus; 2008.\r\n[34] Rahajeng E, Tuminah S. Prevalensi Hipertensi dan Determinannya di Indonesia Prevalensi Hipertensi dan Determinannya di Indonesia. Pus Penelit Biomedis dan Farm Badan Penelit Kesehat Dep Kesehat RI, Jakarta Abstr. 2021;1:10\u201322.\r\n[35] Hanafi A. Gambaran Gaya Hidup Penderita Hipertensi Di Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang. J Kesehat [Internet]. 2016;53(9):1\u2013155. Available from: http:\/\/eprints.undip.ac.id\/48235\/1\/BAB_0_-_ABSTRAK.pdf\r\n[36] Myra Pupistarini. Hipertensi Cara Mudah Mengatasi Tekanan Darah Tinggi. Yogyakarta: Image perss; 2009.\r\n[37] Roza* A. Hubungan gaya hidup dengan kejadian hipertensi di puskesmas dumai timur dumai -riau. Komponen-komponen gaya hidup [Internet]. 2016;7(1):47\u201352. Available from:http:\/\/download.portalgaruda.org\/article.php?article=496069&amp;val=10153&amp;title=hubungan gaya hidup dengan kejadian hipertensi di puskesmas dumai timur dumai-riau\r\n[38] Setyanda YOG, Sulastri D, Lestari Y. Hubungan Merokok dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Laki-Laki Usia 35-65 Tahun di Kota Padang. J Kesehat Andalas. 2015;4(2):434\u201340.\r\n[39] Iversen B, Jacobsen BK, L\u00f8chen ML. Active and passive smoking and the risk of myocardial infarction in 24,968 men and women during 11 year of follow-up: The Troms\u00f8 Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(8):659\u201367.\r\n[40] Eguchi K, Kario K. Smoking and hypertension. Nippon rinsho Japanese J Clin Med. 2006;64 Suppl 6(2):242\u20136.\r\n[41] Fadhli WM. Hubungan antara gaya hidup dengan kejadian hipertensi pada usia dewasa muda di Desa Lamakan Kecamatan Karamat Kabupaten Buol. J KESMAS. 2018;7(6):1\u201314.\r\n[42] Abtahi F, Kianpour Z, Zibaeenezhad MJ, Naghshzan A, Heydari ST, Babaie Beigi MA, et al. Correlation between cigarette smoking and blood pressure and pulse pressure among teachers residing in Shiraz, southern Iran. Iran Cardiovasc Res J. 2012;5(3):97\u2013102.\r\n[43] Salsabil AA, Santoso MB, Zainudiin M. Penanganan kebiasaan merokok di masa pandemi covid-19. Focus J Pekerj Sos [Internet]. 2020;3(2):131\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/journal.unpad.ac.id\/focus\/article\/view\/28458\r\n[44] Caponnetto P, Caponnetto P, Caponnetto P, Inguscio L, Saitta C, Maglia M, et al. Smoking behavior and psychological dynamics during covid-19 social distancing and stay-at-home policies: A survey. Heal Psychol Res. 2020;8(1):68\u201373.\r\n[45] Siddiqi K, Siddiqui F, Khan A, Ansaari S, Kanaan M, Khokhar M, et al. The Impact of COVID-19 on Smoking Patterns in Pakistan: Findings From a Longitudinal Survey of Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23(4):765\u20139.\r\n[46] Naresawari AD, Wijayanti E, Oktaviani FI, Santoso APA. Analisis pengguna rokok di masa pandemi COVID-19 di Kecamatan Nogosari. Pros hubisintek. 2020;1:72\u20136.\r\n[47] Bar-Zeev Y, Shauly M, Lee H, Neumark Y. Changes in smoking behaviour and home-smoking rules during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in Israel. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1\u201312.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Cucu Herawati, Septi Wulandari, Suzana Indragiri, Nuniek Tri Wahyuni, Dewi Mutiah, Didik Sumanto , &#8220;Smoking as a Major Risk for Elderly Hypertension in The Covid-19 pandemic: A case-control Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.95-100 February 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9206<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/95-100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/smoking-as-a-major-risk-for-elderly-hypertension-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-case-control-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Smoking as a Major Risk for Elderly Hypertension in The Covid-19 pandemic: A case-control Study<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ef260 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1ef260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1ef33c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1ef33c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1ef4e4\" data-id=\"f1ef4e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ef619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1ef619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Patriarchal Culture and Early marriage on Learner Academic Progression of Public Secondary School Students in Lagdera Sub-County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Phyllice Barasa February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 101-105<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1ef6c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1ef6c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1ef84f\" data-id=\"f1ef84f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ef994 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1ef994\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Education is an important priority for any country and it remains a very basic right that every child needs to get since it plays an outstanding role in the development of any country. However, academic progression in public secondary schools especially in the North Eastern parts of Kenya has consistently remained low over the years despite subsidized education. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of patriarchal culture and early marriageon learner academic progression in public secondary schools in Lagdera sub county in Garissa County in Kenya. The study embraced a descriptive survey research design. Purposive sampling was used to sample 301 respondents. Data was collected by use of questionnaires. The expected findings of this study may be significant by providing greater insight to the administrators and managers of schools into the factors that contribute to low academic progression among secondary school students in Lagdera sub county and also may serve as a reference point for education administrators to raise awareness and concern among parents teachers and students in partnership to solve the problem of dropout thus helping the ministry of education to reduce education resource wastage by monitoring learner progression at all levels.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 101-105\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Phyllice Barasa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMoi University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Bayisenge, J. (2010). Early marriage as a Barrier to Girl\u2019s Education: A Developmental Challenge in Africa. In C. Ikekeonwu (Ed.), Girl-Child Education in Africa (pp. 43-66). CIDJAP Press.\r\n[2]. Juma, M. N. (1994). Determinants of Female Participation in primary Education:A study of Kwale and TaitaTaveta districts. Nairobi: Kenyatta University. Unpublished PHD Thesis.\r\n[3]. Khalif, I. H. (2008). Education Life Chances for Girls Under the Free Primary Education in Garissa Municipality, Garissa District Kenya. Nairobi: Kenyatta University Unpublished Med Thesis.\r\n[4]. Mbatia, F. N. (2005). A survey of Education Access by the Girl \u2013child in ASAL Region. Nairobi: Kenyatta University. Unpublished MEd Thesis.\r\n[5]. Noor, A. (2003). Access and retention of Girls in Primary Education in Wajir District, North Eastern Province of Kenya. Nairobi: Kenyatta University Unpublished MEd Thesis.\r\n[6]. Osakwe, R. N. &amp; Osagie, O. S. (2010). Perceived Factors Responsible for Dropout in Primary Schools in Delta Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Social Science 7(5), 365-370.\r\n[7]. Palamuleni, M. E. (2011). Socioeconomic determinants of age at marriage in Malawi. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 3(7), 224-235.\r\n[8]. UNICEF. (2001). Early Marriage: Child Spouses. No. 7. Florence, Italy. www.unicet-icdc.org\/publiations\/pdf\/digest7e.pdf.\r\n[9]. UNICEF. (2005). Convention on the Rights of the Child. UNICEF.\r\n[10]. Vue, M. (2000).Perception of Early Marriage and Future Educational Goals Attainment for Hmong Female Adolescents.https:\/\/www2.uwstout.edu\/content\/lib\/thesis\/2000\/2000vuem.pdf\r\n[11]. Wanjiru, N. (2007). Factors Contributing to School Drop out in Mombasa District Kenya. Unpublished M. Ed Thesis. Nairobi: University of Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[12]. Wanjiru, N. (2007). Factors Contributing to School Dropout in Mombasa District Kenya. https:\/\/ir-library.ku.ac.ke\/bitstream\/handle\/123456789\/11941\/Determinants%20of%20education%20wastage%20in%20public%20secondary%20schools%20in%20Laikipia&#8230;..pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Phyllice Barasa , &#8220;Influence of Patriarchal Culture and Early marriage on Learner Academic Progression of Public Secondary School Students in Lagdera Sub-County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.101-105 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/101-105.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/101-105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-patriarchal-culture-and-early-marriage-on-learner-academic-progression-of-public-secondary-school-students-in-lagdera-sub-county-kenya\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Patriarchal Culture and Early marriage on Learner Academic Progression of Public Secondary School Students in Lagdera Sub-County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f0788 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1f0788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1f0864 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1f0864\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f09fe\" data-id=\"f1f09fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f0b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1f0b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Environmental Disaster, Risky and Food Insecurity in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Ubani Princewill, Chikagbum Wocha and Iyowuna Jonah February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 106-112<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1f0bd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1f0bd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f0d6e\" data-id=\"f1f0d6e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f0eaf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1f0eaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The recent research evaluates regional and household food insecurities experiences on human persuaded or induced hazard with potentials for replication in other sub communities of the country and further afield in Africa. The research underpinned on theoretical framework to explain the severity and natural surrogates inducing food insecurity and considerable approaches for realization of sustainable food security. Primary and secondary data sources were employed. Whereas the former sources include structural questionnaire and interview surveys, the later sources comprises of relevant literature such as books, journals and conference report etc. The gathered dataset was collated and analysed using statistical percentage and regression. The findings established that climatic induced hazard such as extreme temperature, flooding, drought, riverbank erosion and high wind served as an agent of disaster and triggers food insecurity in the regions or six (6) geopolitical zones of Nigeria owing to what they offer to the environment and human settlement. The research later pointed that vigorous relationship exists between food insecurity and depression problem of many households heads at significant score of (P&gt;0.05).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 106-112\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ubani Princewill <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chikagbum Wocha <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iyowuna Jonah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Surveying and Geomatics, Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abimbola, O. A., and Kayode A. A (2013) Food Insecurity Status of Rural Households during the Post-Planting Season in Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability 4 ( 1) 16-35.\r\n[2] Agidew, Am.A., Singh, K.N. The implications of land use and land cover changes for rural household food insecurity in the Northeastern highlands of Ethiopia: the case of the Teleyayen sub-watershed. Agric &amp; Food Secur 6, 56 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40066-017-0134-4.\r\n[3] Anne-M. H., Jean-P. H. and Micheline, B. (1999) Food Insecurity: Consequences for the Household and Broader Social Implications .The Journal of Nutrition, 129 (2) 525\u2013528..\r\n[4] Benjamin, E., Ahsan, U. A., Selim, R. H., and Sharmind, N. (2014) Connections between (changing) rainfall patterns, food and livelihood security, and human mobility: Evidence and a new analytical framework Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration, Climate and Development, 6, (1) 18-27.\r\n[5] Craig, H., Drew,A.L.,Tefera,B.A.,Gebre,M.,Fasil,T. and David,L.(2011) Household capacities, vulnerabilities and food insecurity: Shifts in food insecurity in urban and rural Ethiopia during the 2008 food crisis, Social Science and Medicine,73 (10) 1534-1542.\r\n[6] Craig, H. M. B. M., and Emily, F. (2007) Seasonal publication of food insecurity and perceived social support in rural Tanzania, online Cambridge University Press.\r\n[7] Davidson, R. A. (1997). \u201cAn urban earthquake disaster risk index\u201d Stanford University.\r\n[8] Davidson, R. A., and Lambert, K. B. (2001). \u201cComparing the hurricane disaster risk of U.S. coastal counties.\u201d Natural Hazards , (August), 132\u2013142.\r\n[9] Egwue, O. L., Agbugba, I. K., Envelope, M.R. (2020) Assessment Of Rural Households Food Insecurity During Covid-19 Pandemic In South-East Nigeria, international journal of research grant haalayah 8 (12)182-194.\r\n[10] Emmanuel, M. (2017) Building resilience to food insecurity in rural communities: evidence from traditional institutions in Zimbabwe Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 9 (1) https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10520\/EJC-8c6c7df03.\r\n[11] GM M.A.,Khorshed, A.,Shahbaz, M.M, Nazirul, I.,Sarkerd, M.H. (2020) Hazards, food insecurity and human displacement in rural riverine Bangladesh: Implications for policy International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 43, 101364.\r\n[12] Gillespie D F, Streeter C L (1987) \u201cConceptualizing and measuring disaster preparedness\u201d International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 5(2) : 155-176.\r\n[13] Katherine and George, N (2018) Urban and peri-urban agriculture and its implication on food and nutrition insecurity in northern Ghana: a socio-spatial analysis along the urban\u2013rural continuum, Population and Environment 40, 27\u201346.\r\n[14] Megan, M. P.L. , Daniel, F. L.C. , Doris, I. C.T., and Leticia, V. (2014) prevalence and identify correlates of food insecurity among students attending a rural university in Oregon . Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46 (3) 209-214.\r\n[15] Moroda, G.T., Tolossa, D. and Semie, N. (2018) Food insecurity of rural households in Boset district of Ethiopia: a suite of indicators analysis. Agriculture and Food Security 7(65) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40066-018-0217.\r\n[16] Perry R W, Lindel M K (1978) \u201cThe psycological consequences of natural disaster: A review of research on American communities.\u201d Mass Emergencies 3: 105-115.\r\n[17] Rishikesh, P., Douglas, K. B. (2019) An application of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale to assess food security in rural communities of Nepal, Asia and pacific policy studies, 6 (2 ) 130-150.\r\n[18] Silva, E., Medeiros, D., Martins, P.C,Sousa, L.,Lima G., R\u00eago, Freire, A.,Silva, F., C.(2017) Food insecurity in rural communities in Northeast Brazil: does belonging to a slave-descendent community make a difference? de Saude Publica, 33(4) DOI: 10.1590\/0102-311&#215;00005716 PMID: 28591371.\r\n[19] Stephen, D. (2002) Livelihood Insecurity and Social Protection: A Re-emerging Issue in Rural Development. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-7679.00148.\r\n[20] Takemore, C., Axel ,D., R\u00fcdiger, G., Bernd, M., Johannes. S., Abdul-Razak, A., Hanna, 23.\r\n[21] T.S.Jayne, Munhamo, C (1991) Unravelling Zimbabwe&#8217;s food insecurity paradox: Implications for grain market reform in Southern Africa, 16 ( 4 ) 01-11.\r\n[22] Ubani, P., Bumaa, F.N, and Alaci, D.S.A( 2020) Socio- Environmental Implications of The Physical Development (built-up)of Swamplands of Port Harcourt paper presented on the 51st National Conference\/General of Nigeria Institute of Town planners {NITP) 19-22th October 2020. Abuja Nigeria\r\n[23] Virginia, M., Yisak,T., Nardos, C., Z (2017) The consequences of food insecurity for children&#8217;s well-being in rural Ethiopia, Social Science and Medicine, 182, 1-9.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Ubani Princewill, Chikagbum Wocha and Iyowuna Jonah , &#8220;Environmental Disaster, Risky and Food Insecurity in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.106-112 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/106-112.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/106-112.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/environmental-disaster-risky-and-food-insecurity-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Environmental Disaster, Risky and Food Insecurity in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f1cc7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1f1cc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1f1d9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1f1d9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f1f40\" data-id=\"f1f1f40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f207a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1f207a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Experimental Investigation of piled raft foundation on Cohesionless Soil<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Aruna T, K.V.S.B Raju, Swathi Gowda February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 113-118<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1f2118 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1f2118\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f229f\" data-id=\"f1f229f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f23df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1f23df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The combination of piles and raft foundation is known as piled raft foundation. Piled raft foundations have proven to be more cost-effective and capable of meeting safe bearing capacity and serviceability norms in the case of high-rise buildings on cohesionless soil. The behavior of a stacked raft foundation is influenced by the piles, raft, and soil. The stacked raft system&#8217;s bearing capacity is improved and settlement is minimized when the ground beneath the raft foundation bears the burden of supporting the applied loads. The piled raft foundation minimizes total settlement and improves bearing capacity more than the raft foundation.<\/p>\r\nWhen isolated footings cover more than 70% of the building area under a superstructure, raft foundations are used, and the present study focuses on the vertical load bearing capability of piled raft foundation systems on cohesionless soil for concentric loading. The use of strategically positioned piles increases the load capacity of the raft while reducing differential settlement. The present study sheds some light on the use of piles as raft foundation settlement reducers, as well as the behavior of a piled raft in sand. A series of small-scale model experiments were carried out. The present investigation studies by varying pile length and alignment on the ultimate load of piled raft foundation. The results indicate that for a 10mm raft thickness, installing 4 piles, 6 piles, and 9 piles by varying L\/D ratios of 5,10,15,20 carries significant load. In this present work for a 50mm length of pile, and the value of load improvement ratio increases by 36 percent, 60 percent, and 68 percent, respectively, when compared to plain raft.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 113-118\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 March 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9207\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9207<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aruna T <\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE -Bengaluru\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K.V.S.B Raju <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE-Bengaluru\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Swathi Gowda <\/strong><\/span>\r\nME student, Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE-Bengaluru\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Eslami, \u201cStudy on optimized piled-raft foundations (PRF) performance with connected and non connected pile-three case histories\u201d International Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 10, No.2, June 2012.\r\n[2] El-Garhy, B., Galil, A.A., Abdel-Fattah A.A., Raia,\u201d. Behavior of Raft on Settlement Reducing Piles: Experimental Model Study\u201d, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.5, pp389\u2013399 (2013).\r\n[3] Gahlot, \u201cEffect of Varying Length and Diameter of Pile in Pile Raft Foundation\u201d. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2015.\r\n[4] H G Poulos, \u201cMethods of analysis of piled raft foundation\u201d (International society of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, July 2011.\r\n[5] Jaymin D Patil, \u201cAn experimental investigation on behavior of piled raft foundation\u201d. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES. Volume 5, No 2, November 2014.\r\n[6] Alwakil A.Z et. al., Experimental and numerical study of piled raft system. Alexandria Engineering Journal,volume 55, Issue 1,March 2016,Pages 547-560\r\n[7] Mustafa EL Sawwaf et al., (2010): Experimental Study of Eccentrically Loaded raft With Connected and Unconnected Short piles. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE,DOI: 10.1061\/(ASCE)GT:1943-5606.0000341\r\n[8] Xiao Dong Cao et al., (2004): \u201cBehaviour of model raft resting on pile reinforced sand\u201dJournal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 130(2) \u2022 February 2004\u2002with\u200282 Reads DOI: 10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:2(129)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Aruna T, K.V.S.B Raju, Swathi Gowda, &#8220;Experimental Investigation of piled raft foundation on Cohesionless Soil&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.113-118 February 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9207<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/113-118.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/experimental-investigation-of-piled-raft-foundation-on-cohesionless-soil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Experimental Investigation of piled raft foundation on Cohesionless Soil<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f31a6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f1f31a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1f3287 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1f3287\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f3435\" data-id=\"f1f3435\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f355c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1f355c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Ensiling Period on the Proximate Composition and Hydrogen Cyanide Content of Ensiled Wet Cassava Peels Meal<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Emenike H.I., Emenalom O.O., Ogbuewu I.P, Aladi N.O and Okehie N.U. February 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 119-122<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1f35fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1f35fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1f37cb\" data-id=\"f1f37cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1f3910 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"f1f3910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2531\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2531\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Cassava peel is an agro-waste product produced in the processing of whole cassava roots into different food and industrial products in Nigeria. The use of cassava peel as feed for non- ruminant animals is limited by its high crude fibre and hydrocyanic acid contents but low protein content. To improve its nutritional potential as energy source, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of ensiling periods on the proximate compositions and hydrogen cyanide contents of wet cassava peel meals. Wet cassava peels were ground into meal using an attrition mill and divided into 4 batches. The first batch was sundried immediately after grinding while the second, third and fourth batches were sundried after ensiling in black polythene bags kept under room temperature for 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Ensiling significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the dry matter contents of the meals with the 14 days ensiled meal having the highest value. The un-ensiled and 7days ensiled samples had similar and significantly (p&lt;0-05) higher crude protein values than the 14 and 21 days ensiled samples. The 21 days ensiled sample had lowest crude protein (3.36%) and ether extract (4.44%) values but highest crude fibre (17.10%), ash (20.19%) and NFE (54.09%) values that were significantly(p&lt;0.05) different from other treatment groups. The 14days ensiled sample had the highest calculated ME (2466.86kcal\/kg) value that differed significantly (p&lt;0.05) from the other treatment groups. HCN concentration was lowest (p&lt;0.05) in the 21 days ensiled sample (0.20mg\/kg). It is concluded that the period of ensiling wet cassava peels meal affected its proximate compositions and HCN contents, and that ensiling for 14 days resulted in higher DM, fat and energy values and should be encouraged.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 119-122\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 March 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2532\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2532\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emenike H.I. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdvanced Unmanned Aerial Vehicle laboratory Uburu. Ebony State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emenalom O.O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal University of Technology Owerri Imo State. P.M. B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbuewu I.P <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal University of Technology Owerri Imo State. P.M. B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aladi N.O <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal University of Technology Owerri Imo State. P.M. B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okehie N.U. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal University of Technology Owerri Imo State. P.M. B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2533\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2533\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abubakar A, &amp; Ohiaege P.E (2011). Replacement value of cassava peels for maize in the diets of broiler finisher chickens. Sokoto J Vet Sci9(2):16-9.\r\n[2] Adesehinwa, A. O. K., Obi, O. O., Makanjuola,B. A., Oluwole, O. O. and Adesina M.A. (2011). Growing pigs fed cassava peel based diet supplemented with or without farmazyme 3000 Proenx: Effecton Growth, Carcass and Blood. AfiricanJournal Biotechnology 10 (14): 2791-2796.\r\n[3] Akinfala, E.O. Matanmi, O. &amp; Fatufe, A.A. (2007). Effect of residual cyanogenic glucosides in cassava based diets on serum metabolites of cockerel chicks. In Proc. 32nd Animal Production Conference.Nigerian Society for Animal Production, University of Calabar. pp. 105\u2013107.\r\n[4] Amole, T.A., Anandan, S. and Okike, I. 2019. A guide to the production of High-Quality Cassava Peel\u00ae mash as a feed for livestock. ILRI Manual 35. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).\r\n[5] A.O.A.C (1996) Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington DC.\r\n[6] A.O.A.C.(2002): Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Analytical Chemists Washington, DC.\r\n[7] A.O.A.C.(2010): Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists Washington, DC.\r\n[8] Bukola.B.B (2013). Effect of feeding cassava wastes on the performance and meat quality of broiler\u2019s chickens .Mal. J. Anim.Sci 16 (2):63-73 (2013)\r\n[9] Dayal, A.D., Tapong, V., NdamuKong ,K, &amp; Enokenwa, O., (2018). Substituting maize for processed cassava peels: A cost \u2013benefit analysis in poultry farming .International .Volume ,2(4):2348-3997).\r\n[10] Fisher, C. &amp; Boorman ,K.N.(1986):Nutrient requirement of poultry and nutitional research:Brit.Poult. Sci.Symposium 19,Butterworths. London.\r\n[11] International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI,2015): Scaling the use of cassava peels as quality livestock feed in Africa\r\n[12] International Livestock Research Institute (ILRl,2017): New factories in Nigeria transform cassava peels into livestock feed, creating jobs and incomes for women.\r\n[13] International Livestock Research Institute (2018). High Quality Cassava peels mash. The ILRI Annual Report\r\n[14] Obasi I.U, Obasi,E.N,, Ezeokeke C.T &amp; EtukE.B.(2018) : Physio-chemical composition of feed grade cassava meal fermented with different levels of baker\u2019s yeast ,Nig.journal .Anim.Prod. 45(3)144-154.\r\n[15] Oboh G.(2006) ; Nutrient enrichment of cassava peels using mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus spp in solid media fermentation. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology,; 9(1): 46-49\r\n[16] Okah, U., Adedokun O.O, &amp; Ebere C.N (2017): Effect of processing methods on the chemical composition of cassava peel as livestock feed resources Nig. Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment 13(2):5-9.\r\n[17] Okike I, Samireddypalle A, Kaptoge L, Fauquet C, Atehnkeng J, Bandyopadhyay R, Kulakow P, Duncan A, Alabi &amp; Blummel M (2015). Technical innovations for small-scale producers and households to process wet cassava peels into high quality animal feed ingredients and aflasafe\u2122 substrate. http:\/\/www.developmentbookshelf.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3362\/2046-1887.2015.005.\r\n[18] Salami R.I.(1999). The use of two empirical methods of substitution of feedstuffs: Parboiled cassava peel meal versus maize in the diets of growing cockerels. Nigeria. Journal of Animal Production.; 26:78\u201383.\r\n[19] Salami R.I,&amp; Odunsi A.A.(2003),: Evaluation of processed cassava peel meals as substitutes for maize in the diets of layers Int J Poult Sci, 2 (2). 112-116\r\n[20] Tewe O. O.(1991) : Detoxification of cassava products and effects of residual toxins on consuming animals. In: Machin D, Nyold S, editors. Feeding Proceedings, the FAO expert consultation held in CIAT, Cal Columbia; 1991. p. 6.21-25.\r\n[21] Tewe O.O,&amp; Egbunike G.N.(1992) : Utilization of cassava in non-ruminant livestock feeds. In: Hahn SK, Reynolds L, Egbunike GN, editors. Cassava as livestock feed in Africa. Proceedings of IITA\/ILCA\/University of Ibadan workshop on the potential utilisation of cassava as livestock feed in Africa; 1992. p. 28-38.\r\n[22] Unigwe A.E., Enrico D., Adebola P., Gerrano A.S &amp; Pillay M.,(2018): Anti-nutrient analysis of 30 Bambra grounduts (Vigina subterranea) accessions in South Africa.Journal of crop improvement,.2 208-224\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2534\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2534\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Emenike H.I., Emenalom O.O., Ogbuewu I.P, Aladi N.O and Okehie N.U. , &#8220;Effect of Ensiling Period on the Proximate Composition and Hydrogen Cyanide Content of Ensiled Wet Cassava Peels Meal&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 2, pp.119-122 February 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/119-122.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2535\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2535\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-2\/119-122.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2536\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2536\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-ensiling-period-on-the-proximate-composition-and-hydrogen-cyanide-content-of-ensiled-wet-cassava-peels-meal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Ensiling Period on the Proximate Composition and Hydrogen Cyanide Content of Ensiled Wet Cassava Peels Meal<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2005f3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f2005f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Challenges associated with the Teaching of Civic Education in Social Studies Lessons in Schools in Masaiti district: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1652,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4179","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4179"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4179\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}