{"id":4243,"date":"2022-04-26T06:53:31","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T06:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=4243"},"modified":"2022-07-12T13:23:56","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T13:23:56","slug":"volume-ix-issue-iv","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-ix-issue-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume IX Issue IV"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4243\" class=\"elementor elementor-4243 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8dde5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8dde5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8de0b1\" data-id=\"e8de0b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8de205 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8de205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Technical Evaluation of Cathodic Protection of Subsea Structures<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Precious Chisom Jumbo-Egwurugwu, Franklin Okoro, Ibe Emmanuel, Obo-Obaa Elera Njiran April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 01-05<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8de2cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8de2cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8de47c\" data-id=\"e8de47c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8de5b5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8de5b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper carried out the performance evaluation of cathodic protection in comparison with other corrosion prevention techniques based on factors like conductivity, maintenance requirement, cost, electrical continuity, and surface area of structure treated. In the course of the work, the comparative analysis of these techniques was carried out using a multi criteria analysis tool \u2018TOPSIS\u2019. After going through all the stages in the TOPSIS assessment, the best corrosion prevention technology with respect to all the considered criteria, which comprised of: treatment time, effectiveness, energy consumption, durability, economics and maturity is reinforcing materials with a TOPSIS score of 0.7745. The second-best technology is cathodic protection with a TOPSIS score of 0.6729, followed by surface treatment and coating with a TOPSIS score of 0.5903. Inhibitors came fourth with a TOPSIS score of 0.5897 while the worst technology per the analysis in this study is electrochemical chloride removal with a TOPSIS score of 0.2355.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 April 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Precious Chisom Jumbo-Egwurugwu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Franklin Okoro <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCleanScript Group\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibe Emmanuel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obo-Obaa Elera Njiran<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Beg I. and Rashid T. (2014): multi-criteria trapezoidal valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision making with Choquet integral based TOPSIS, OPSEARCH, 51(1), 98-129.\r\n[2] Bernhammer, L.O.; van Kuik, G.A.M.; De Breuker, R. (2016). Fatigue and extreme load reduction of wind turbine components using smart rotors. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 154, 84-95.\r\n[3] Chew, K.-H.; Tai, K.; Ng, E.Y.K.; Muskulus, M. (2016). Analytical gradient-based optimization of offshore wind turbine substructures under fatigue and extreme loads. Mar. Struct. 47, 23-41.\r\n[4] Dong, W.; Moan, T.; Gao, Z. (2012). Fatigue reliability analysis of the jacket support structure for offshore wind turbine considering the effect of corrosion and inspection. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 106, 11\u201327.\r\n[5] Gallego-Calderon, J.; Natarajan, A. (2015). Assessment of wind turbine drive-train fatigue loads under torsional excitation. Eng. Struct. 103, 189\u2013202.\r\n[6] Greene, R.; Devillers, R.; Luther, J.E.; Eddy, B.G. (2011). &#8220;GIS-based multi-criteria analysis&#8221;. Geography Compass. 5\/6: 412\u2013432.\r\n[7] Herrmann, J.; Rauert, T.; Dalhoff, P.; Sander, M. (2016). Fatigue and fracture mechanical behaviour of a wind turbine rotor shaft made of cast iron and forged steel. Procedia Struct. Integr. 2, 2951\u20132958.\r\n[8] Jang, Y.J.; Choi, C.W.; Lee, J.H.; Kang, K.W. (2015). Development of fatigue life prediction method and effect of 10-minute mean wind speed distribution on fatigue life of small wind turbine composite blade. Renew. Energy. 79, 187\u2013198.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Precious Chisom Jumbo-Egwurugwu, Franklin Okoro, Ibe Emmanuel, Obo-Obaa Elera Njiran , &#8220;Technical Evaluation of Cathodic Protection of Subsea Structures&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.01-05 April 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/01-05.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/01-05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/technical-evaluation-of-cathodic-protection-of-subsea-structures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Technical Evaluation of Cathodic Protection of Subsea Structures<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8df3ee elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8df3ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8df4cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8df4cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8df64f\" data-id=\"e8df64f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8df784 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8df784\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Feature Extraction and Opinion Mining of Gujarati Language text<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Himadri Patel, Bankim Patel, Kalpesh Lad April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 06-10<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8df820 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8df820\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8df99d\" data-id=\"e8df99d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8dfadf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8dfadf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The field of opinion mining has gained much popularity in last few years. Many new techniques and methods are being developed in different languages like English, Hindi etc. However, it is observed that there is no significant progress in the field of Opinion Mining for languages like Gujarati. The presented work uses a deep learning approach for the Opinion Mining of Gujarati language text. The paper also discusses feature extraction which is one of the most important steps in machine learning or deep learning method.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 06-10\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 April 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9401\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9401<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Himadri Patel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUka Tarsadia University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bankim Patel<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUka Tarsadia University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kalpesh Lad <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUka Tarsadia University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] M. Husnain, M. Missen, N. Akhtar, M. Coustaty, S. Mumtaz and S. Prasath, &#8220;A systematic study on the role of SentiWordNet in opinion mining,&#8221; Front. Computer Science, 2019.\r\n[2] S. Rana and A. Singh, &#8220;Comparative analysis of sentiment orientation using svm and naive bayes techniques,&#8221; in 2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT), IEEE, October, 2016.\r\n[3] J. Chaudhary and J. Paulose, &#8220;Opinion mining on newspaper headlines using SVM and NLP,&#8221; International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 2152-2163, June 2019.\r\n[4] S. Zobeidi, M. Naderan and S. Alavi, &#8220;Opinion mining in Persian language using a hybrid feature extraction approach based on convolutional neural network,&#8221; in Multimedia Tools and Applications, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019, August 2019.\r\n[5] H. Elzayady, K. Badran and G. Salama, &#8220;Arabic Opinion Mining Using Combined CNN &#8211; LSTM methods,&#8221; I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, pp. 25-36, August 2019.\r\n[6] R. S. Rahate and M. Emmanuel, &#8220;Feature selection for sentiment analysis by using SVM,&#8221; International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 24-32, 2013.\r\n[7] T. Joachims, &#8220;Text categorization with Support Vector Machines: Learning with many relevant features,&#8221; N\u00e9dellec C., Rouveirol C. (eds) Machine Learning: ECML-98. ECML 1998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence), vol. 1398, 1998.\r\n[8] S. Shah and A. Kaushik, &#8220;Sentiment Analysis on Indian Indigenous Languages: A Review on Multilingual Opinion Mining,&#8221; Preprint, November 2019.\r\n[9] S. Siddiqui, M. A. Rehman, S. M. Daudpota and A. Waqas, &#8220;Opinion Mining: An Approach to Feature Engineering,&#8221; International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), vol. 10, no. 3, 2019.\r\n[10] M. Kumar, S. Amirneni and S. Prabhu, &#8220;Sentiment Ranking for Opinion Extraction by Weighted Feature Scheme,&#8221; International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7-13, March 2017.\r\n[11] G. A. Miller, &#8220;WordNet: a lexical database for English,&#8221; in Communications of the ACM, 1995.\r\n[12] A. Das and S. Bandyopadhyay, &#8220;SentiWordNet for Indian languages,&#8221; in Proceedings of the eighth workshop on Asian language resouces, 2010.\r\n[13] S. Shah, A. Kaushik, S. Sharma and J. Shah, &#8220;Opinion-mining on marglish and devanagari comments of youtube cookery channels using parametric and non-parametric learning models,&#8221; Big Data and Cognitive Computing 4, vol. 3, no. 1, 2020.\r\n[14] V. Jha, N. Manjunath, D. Shenoy, K. R. Venugopal and L. M. Patnaik, &#8220;HOMS: Hindi Opinion Mining System,&#8221; in Proceeding of IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS), 2015.\r\n[15] A. Kaur and V. Gupta, &#8220;N-gram based approach for opinion mining of Punjabi text,&#8221; in International Workshop on Multi-disciplinary Trends in Artificial Intelligence, Cham, 2014.\r\n[16] E. Andrea and F. Sebastiani, &#8220;Sentiwordnet: A publicly available lexical resource for opinion mining,&#8221; LREC, vol. 6, pp. 417-422, 2016.\r\n[17] M. Nishantha, S. Shanmuganathan and J. Whalley, &#8220;Sentiment lexicon construction using SentiWordNet 3.0,&#8221; in 11th International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC), IEEE, 2015.\r\n[18] V. Joshi and V. Vekariya, &#8220;An Approach to Sentiment Analysis on Gujarati,&#8221; Advances in Computational Sciences and Technology, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1487-1493, 2017.\r\n[19] H. Patel, R. Mehta, A. Shaikh, R. Mehta, N. Patel and D. Patel, &#8220;Object or its feature identification from Mobile Reviews in Gujarati Language,&#8221; GIT-Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 36-39, 2016.\r\n[20] H. Patel and B. Patel, &#8220;A critical study of challenges in educational opinion mining of text written in Gujarati language,&#8221; National Journal of System and Information Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 25-34, 2016.\r\n[21] D. R. Sirswal, &#8220;Philosophy, Education and Indian Value System,&#8221; 2011.\r\n[22] R. Imran, H. Banka and H. M. Khan, &#8220;A Hybrid Feature Selection Approach Based on LSI for Classification of Urdu Text,&#8221; in Machine Learning Algorithms for Industrial Applications, Springer, Cham, 2020.\r\n[23] Saha, S. Kumar, P. Mitra and S. Sarkar, &#8220;A comparative study on feature reduction approaches in Hindi and Bengali named entity recognition,&#8221; Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 27, pp. 322-332, 2012.\r\n[24] G. Information Retrieval Lab DA-IICT, February 2021. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/irlab.daiict.ac.in\/tools.php.\r\n[25] H. Patel, P. Bankim, L. Kalpesh and S. Jikitsha, &#8220;Stemmer based hybrid Gujarati lemmatizer&#8221;. India Patent Indian Patent No 201821025419 A, 7 July 2018.\r\n[26] H. Patel, B. Patel and K. Lad, &#8220;Jodani: A spell checking and suggesting tool for Gujarati language,&#8221; in Confluence-2021:11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science &amp; Engineering, Noida, India, 2021.\r\n[27] B. Pang and L. Lee, &#8220;Opinion mining and sentiment analysis,&#8221; Foundations and trends in information retrieval, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-135, 2008.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Himadri Patel, Bankim Patel, Kalpesh Lad, &#8220;Feature Extraction and Opinion Mining of Gujarati Language text&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.06-10 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9401<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/06-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/feature-extraction-and-opinion-mining-of-gujarati-language-text\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Feature Extraction and Opinion Mining of Gujarati Language text<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e0875 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e0875\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e093a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e093a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e0aca\" data-id=\"e8e0aca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e0be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e0be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Fertilization test based on chicken manure and mycorrhiza on the growth parameters of Maize (Zea mays (L.)) in Yagoua, Far North-Cameroon<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ahmed Hamana, Bertrand Wang-Bara, David Amedep, Phil\u00e9mon Kaouvon, Sounou Paul Alioum April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 11-16<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e0c7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e0c7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e0e02\" data-id=\"e8e0e02\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e0f52 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8e0f52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Soils amendment by using organic manure and bio-fertilizers is a complementary to improve chemical fertilizer efficiency. This study was conducted in Yagoua, Far North region with objective to evaluate the responses of chicken manure and mycorrhiza application on growing of plants Maize. The soils were amended with 20 g of mycorrhiza, 50 g of chicken manure and 20+50g of effect combined mycorrhiza+chicken manure in comparison to the check (0g). The experimental design was the randomized block with 3 replications. Parameters evaluated are: germination rate, plants growth parameters and precocity.\r\nThe results showed that uses of different levels of fertilization on germination rates were significant (P&lt;0.05) for all the levels of fertilizers compared to the control (87.5 %). It\u2019s varying from 97.5 % for the chicken manure, followed by the effect of combined treatments (96.67 %) and bio-fertilizers with 94.17 %. Height of plants during vegetative (30th to 50th DAS) were most significant (P&lt;0.05) by the use of organic manure as fertilization. Mycorrhiza and chicken manure as treatment was influenced the phenological stages of plants especially first flowering of plants days after sowing. Flowering of plants at 50 % was most favorable for the treatments based on the uses chicken manure and the combined effect of treatments (mycorrhiza+chicken manure).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 11-16\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ahmed Hamana <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Center of Maroua, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bertrand Wang-Bara <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPolyvalente Station of Agricultural Research, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) B.P: 415 Garoua, Cameroon.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>David Amedep <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Regional Center of Maroua, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Phil\u00e9mon Kaouvon <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPolyvalente Station of Agricultural Research, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) B.P: 415 Garoua, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sounou Paul Alioum <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPolyvalente Station of Agricultural Research, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) B.P: 415 Garoua, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdourahamane I. N. M., Kiari A. S., Aissata I. M., Oumani A. A., Jens B. A. (2020). Effets combin\u00e9s des doses croissantes de fientes de poules associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la cendre, des placements et sarclage m\u00e9caniques et de traitements de semences sur la performance du mil au Niger. Afrique Science, 17(2) 67-82pp. ISSN, 1813-548X, http:\/\/www.afriquescience.net.\r\n[2] Bertrand W-B., David A., Jacques H.D. &amp; Guiwa M.G. (2021). Evaluation des effets des doses de mycorhizes sur les param\u00e8tres de croissance et de la production de trois vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de Voandzou dans la localit\u00e9 de Dschang, Ouest Cameroun. European Scientific Journal, (ESJ), 17(17), 213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19044\/esj.2021.v17n17p213\r\n[3] Bowers J. H., Sanogo S., Tondje P. R., Hebbar P. K., Lumsden R. D. (2001). Developing strategies for biological control of black pod, monilia pod rot and witches\u2019broom on Cacao. In: Proceedings of the 1st west and central Africa training workshop on bio-control of plant diseases, with special reference to cacao black pod diseases. 25-29 June, 2001. Douala (Cameroun). 10-16pp.\r\n[4] Bring. (2005). Evaluation des ressources en eau atmosph\u00e9rique sur le Nord-Cameroun \u00e0 l\u2019aide des m\u00e9thodes conventionnelles et satellitales, Doctorat de G\u00e9ographie, Universit\u00e9 de Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie, 350pp.\r\n[5] Cameron D. D., Neal A. L., Van Wees S. C., Ton J. (2013). Mycorrhiza-induced resistance: More than the sum of its parts? Trends in Plant Science, 18, 539-545pp.\r\n[6] Cavagnaro T. R and Martin A. W. (2010). The role of mycorrhizas in plant nutrition: field and mutant based approaches. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 148-151.\r\n[7] Dalgaard T., Hutchings N. J., Porter, J. R. (2003). Agroecology, scaling and interdisciplinarity. Agricultural, Ecosystems, Environment, 100: 39-51pp. Dinkelaker, B., Rtimhe1d, V.\r\n[8] ECAM3. (2007). Rapport de la troisi\u00e8me enqu\u00eate camerounaise aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages.\r\n[9] Esta\u00f9n V., Save R., Biel C. (1997). AM inoculation as a biological tool to improve plant revegetation of a disturbed soil with Rosmarinus officinalis under semi-arid conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 6, 223-229. Gange A. C et Ayres R. L (1999). On the relation between arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation and plant benefit. Oikos, 87, 615 -621pp.\r\n[10] FAO (2017). Note d&#8217;information du Groupe Inter Bailleurs pour l&#8217;Agriculture et le D\u00e9veloppement Rural en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo sur la chenille l\u00e9gionnaire d&#8217;automne.\r\n[11] Fatin M. A., Nur S. T., Rozilawati S., Che N. A. C. A. (2019). Effects of Different Chicken Manure Rates of on Early Growth of Fig (Ficus Carica). Environmental Contaminants Reviews, 2(1): 19-22.\r\n[12] Heinonsalo J., Bu\u00e9e M., Vaario L. M. (2016): Root-endophytic fungi cause morphological and functional differences in Scots pine roots in contrast to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Botany, 95: 203-210pp.\r\n[13] Huang G. M., Zou Y. N., Wu Q. S., Xu Y. J., Ku\u010da K. (2020): Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts. Plant, Soil and Environment, 66 : 295-302.\r\n[14] IRAD. (2008). 2\u00e8me rapport national sur l&#8217;\u00e9tat des ressources phyto-g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pour l&#8217;alimentation et l&#8217;agriculture du Cameroun.1-81pp\r\n[15] Karimata S. (2001). Guide technique de l\u2019agriculture. Documentation technique de la JGRC sur les plaines d&#8217;inondation aux plateaux pour une mise en valeur int\u00e9grale des ressources et g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de l&#8217;abondance dans le Sahel par la lutte contre la d\u00e9sertification. Vol. 6.1-67pp.\r\n[16] Li C., Feng G., Jia-lei Z., Sha Y., Jing-jing M.,Yun G., Quan W., Xin-guo L., Shu-bo W. (2019). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with exogenous calcium improves the growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea (L.)) seedlings under continuous cropping. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 18(2): 407-416pp.\r\n[17] Li C. C., Zhou J., Wang X. R., Liao H. (2019). A purple acid phosphatase, GmPAP33, participates in arbuscule degeneration during Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Soybean. Plant, Cell and Environment, 42: 2015-2027.\r\n[18] L\u00fc L. H., Zou Y. N and Wu Q. S. (2018). Relationship Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Plant Growth: Improvement or Depression? Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. B. Giri et al. (eds.), Root Biology, Soil Biology. 52, 451-464.\r\n[19] Martin, R. C. &amp; MacRae, R. (2014). Managing energy, nutrients, and pests in organic field crops. Boca Raton: CRC Press.\r\n[20] Maybelline E. T and Ma\u00efga A. (2012). Production et transformation du ma\u00efs. Eds: Ing\u00e9nieurs Sans Fronti\u00e8res Cameroun (ISF Cameroun) et du Centre technique de coop\u00e9ration agricole et rurale (CTA). CTA-P.O. Box 380-6700 A. J Wageningen-Pays-Bas.\r\n[21] Menyonga J. M., Bezuneh T., Yayock J. Y., Soumana I. (1994). Progress in food grain research and production in semi-arid Africa. In: Proceedings of the SAFGRAD Inter-Network Conference, Niamey, Niger, 7-14 march 1991. Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): OAU\/STRC- SAFGRAD.\r\n[22] Ndubuaku U. M., Ede A. E., Kayode Paul Baiyeri K. P and Ezeaku P. I. (2015). Application of poultry manure and the effect on growth and performance of potted Moringa (Moringa oleifera (L.)) plants raised for Urban dwellers\u2019 use. African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. 10 :(36), pp. 3575-3581.\r\n[23] Sanou J. (2003). Indication pour r\u00e9ussir la culture de ma\u00efs, ln \u00ab Formation sur les techniques de production de semences de riz et de ma\u00efs \u00bb, FARAKOBA du 15 au 16 Juillet 2003, Sasakawa Global 2000. Burkina Faso.\r\n[24] Shao Y. D., Zhang D. J., Hu X. C., Wu Q. S., Jiang C. J., Xia T. J., Gao X. B., Ku\u010da K. (2018). Mycorrhiza-induced changes in root growth and nutrient absorption of tea plants. Plant, Soil and Environment, 64 : 283-289pp.\r\n[25] Tatieze F. (2016). Effets compar\u00e9s de la hauteur de coupe et de l\u2019engrais organo-min\u00e9ral sur les param\u00e8tres de croissance et de rendement de la morelle noire (Solanum scabrum) sur un Oxisol des Hauts plateaux de l\u2019Ouest Cameroun. M\u00e9moire de fin d\u2019\u00e9tudes d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieur Agronome, FASA. 115 pp.\r\n[26] Wang-Bara B., Kaouvon P., Housseini D. J., Alioum S. P and Danra D. D. (2021). Effects of Fertilization Based on Chicken Manures and Mycorrhiza on Vegetative Parameters and Phenological Stages of Sorghum bicolor in Yagoua, Far-North Cameroon. 33(24): 375-383pp, Article no. IJPSS.67170, ISSN: 2320-7035.\r\n[27] Wu Y. N., He X. H. (2010). Contributions of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and ionic balance of citrus seedlings under salt stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 32, 297-304pp.\r\n[28] Yang S., Wang F., Guo F., Meng J. J., Li X. G., Wan S. B. (2015). Calcium contributes to photo-protection and repair of photosystem II in peanut leaves during heat and high irradiance. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 57, 486-495pp.\r\n[29] Ziegler J. (2012). Misons sur l&#8217;agriculture familiale pas sur les pr\u00e9dateurs. La vie du 17 mai 2012: 26-27pp.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Ahmed Hamana, Bertrand Wang-Bara, David Amedep, Phil\u00e9mon Kaouvon, Sounou Paul Alioum, &#8220;Fertilization test based on chicken manure and mycorrhiza on the growth parameters of Maize (Zea mays (L.)) in Yagoua, Far North-Cameroon&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.11-16 April 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/11-16.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/11-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/fertilization-test-based-on-chicken-manure-and-mycorrhiza-on-the-growth-parameters-of-maize-zea-mays-l-in-yagoua-far-north-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Fertilization test based on chicken manure and mycorrhiza on the growth parameters of Maize (Zea mays (L.)) in Yagoua, Far North-Cameroon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e1d6a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e1d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e1e51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e1e51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e1fe5\" data-id=\"e8e1fe5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e2102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e2102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty in the Ghana Banking Industry<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Dr. Daniel Kasser Tee April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 17-26<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e21a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e21a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e2375\" data-id=\"e8e2375\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e24d8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8e24d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Understanding customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in banking remains critical as banks strive to attain high performance standards to justify their existence. The aim of this paper, therefore, was to determine the mediating role of customer satisfaction between its antecedent, service quality and its consequent, customer loyalty. Quantitative research method was employed to generate 850 usable questionnaires through systematic random sampling. A mediation effect investigation was done, using regression analysis to establish the interrelationships between the three study constructs. Overall, the study empirically tested and established interrelationships between the three variables in Ghana\u2019s retail banking industry with satisfaction emerging as a strong mediator variable. Results of the study also revealed a positive and significant mediating role of customer satisfaction between service quality and customer loyalty. There were positive and significant relationships between service quality and customer satisfaction and between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The positive relationship between service quality and customer loyalty was insignificant. It is, therefore, concluded that, there is the need for banks to improve service quality at all levels, as the benefits to be derived are enormous, impacting strongly on customer satisfaction and weakly on customer loyalty.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 17-26\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9402<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Daniel Kasser Tee<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdjunct Lecturer and Marketing &amp; Corporate Communications Practitioner\r\nAccra Institute of Technology (AIT) Accra-Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Acock, A. C. (2013). Discovering Structural Equation Modeling Using Stata (Revised Edition ed.). Stata Press.\r\n[2] Adil, M., Al Ghaswyneh, O. F., &amp; Albkour, A. M. (2013). SERVQUAL and SERVPERF: a review of measures in services marketing research. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Marketing, 13(6), 64-76.\r\n[3] Agyapong, G. K. Q. (2011). The Effect of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in the Utility Industry \u2013 A Case of Vodafone (Ghana) International Journal of Business and Management; www.ccsenet.org\/ijbm, 6(5).\r\n[4] Akamavi, R., Mohamed, E., Pellmann, K., &amp; Xu, Y. (2015, 02\/01). Key determinants of passenger loyalty in the low-cost airline business. Tourism Management, 46, 528\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2014.07.010\r\n[5] Akbar, M. M., &amp; Parvez, N. (2009). Impact of service quality, trust and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. ABAC Journal, 29, 24-38.\r\n[6] Akhtar, M. N., Hunjra, A. I., Akbar, S. W., Rehman, K. U., &amp; Niazi, C. S. K. (2011). Relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality of Islamic banks. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(3), 453-459.\r\n[7] Akhter, W., Abbasi, A. S., Ali, I., &amp; Afzal, H. (2011). Factors affecting customer loyalty in Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 5(4), 1167-1174.\r\n[8] Al-Mutairi, D. G. (2010). The impact of quality of service and Relationship Marketing on the loyalty of customers Middle East University for Graduate Studies, Kuwait].\r\n[9] Al-Rousan, M. R., &amp; Mohammed, M. (2010). Customer Loyalty and the Impacts of Service Quality: The Case of Five Star Hotels in Jordan. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 5(13).\r\n[10] Al-Wugayan, A., &amp; Pleshko, L. P. (2010). A study of satisfaction, loyalty, and market share in Kuwait banks. Proceedings of the Academy for studies in International Business, 10(1), 2-7.\r\n[11] Al Bostanji, G. M. (2013). 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Determinants of Customer Satisfaction in Domestic Retail Banking Sector Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman].\r\n[103] Wong, S. F. (2011). A Study on the Role of Customer Satisfaction in Domestic Retail Banking Sector. University of Malaya].\r\n[104] Yee, R. W. Y., Yeung, A. C. L., &amp; Cheng, T. C. E. (2011). The service-profit chain: An empirical analysis in high-contact service industries. International Journal of Production Economics, 130(2), 236-245. https:\/\/doi.org\/doi:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2011.01.001\r\n[105] Yoo, M., &amp; Bai, B. (2013). Customer loyalty marketing research: A comparative approach between hospitality and business journals. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 166-177.\r\n[106] Zairi, M. (2009). Excellence Tetralogy: The Inspired Customer. Bradford, European Centre for Best Practice Management, University of Bradford.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Dr. Daniel Kasser Tee, &#8220;Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty in the Ghana Banking Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.17-26 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9402<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/17-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mediating-effect-of-customer-satisfaction-on-the-relationship-between-service-quality-and-customer-loyalty-in-the-ghana-banking-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty in the Ghana Banking Industry<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e36e2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e36e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e37ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e37ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e3939\" data-id=\"e8e3939\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e3a77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e3a77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Graphical Interpretation of the Slopes Used in the Derivation of Classical Fourth Order Runge-Kutta (RK4) Formula<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Md. Azmol Huda, Mohammad Wahiduzzaman, Munnujahan Ara April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 27-32<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e3b1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e3b1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e3c9c\" data-id=\"e8e3c9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e3de5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8e3de5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Many practical issues in science and engineering are formulated by ordinary differential equations (ODE) that require their own numerical solution. There are a variety of numerical approaches, e.g. the Euler method, the modified Euler method, the Heun&#8217;s method, the Adam-Bashforth method, and so on, that exist in the context of numerical analysis. Amongst them, the classical fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK4) technique is the most reliable and most used. The objective of this paper is twofold. The first goal is to derive the value of different parameters in the formulation of the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, and the second goal is to give details of the geometrical interpretation of this method, principally explaining the role of the increment parameters in the formula. The whole discussion will facilitate perception of the key mechanism of the Runge-Kutta method.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 27-32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Azmol Huda <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammad Wahiduzzaman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Munnujahan Ara<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Jayakumar, T., Kanagarajan, K., and Indrakumar, S., \u201cNumerical solution of Nth-order fuzzy differential equation by Runge-Kutta method of order five,\u201d International Journal of Mathematical Analysis, vol. 6, no. 58, pp. 2885-2896, 2012.\r\n[7]. Abbasbandy, S., Allahvinloo, T., and Darabi, P., \u201cNumerical solution of Nth-order fuzzy differential equations by Runge-Kutta method,\u201d Mathematical and Computational Applications, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 935-946, 2011.\r\n[8]. Akbarzadeh, Z., and Mohseni, M., \u201cSolving fuzzy differential equations by Runge-Kutta method,\u201d Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 208-221, 2011.\r\n[9]. Nikolaos, S. C., \u201cAn algorithm using Runge-Kutta methods of orders 4 and 5 for systems of ODEs\u2019,\u201d International Journal of Numerical Methods and Applications, vol. 2, pp. 47\u201357, 2009.\r\n[10]. Emre, S., \u201cComparison of Runge-Kutta methods of order 4 and 5 on Lorenz equation,\u201d Journal of Arts and Sciences, vol. 11, pp. 61-69, 2005.\r\n[11]. Fae\u2019q, A., and Radwan, A., \u201cSolution of Initial Value problem using fifth order Runge\u2013Kutta method using Excel spreadsheet,\u201d Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 44-47, 2002.\r\n[12]. Butcher J.C., \u201cThe Numerical Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations,\u201d John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1986.\r\n[13]. Burrage K., Butcher J.C. and Chipman F.H., \u201cAn implementation of singly-implicit methods,\u201d vol. 20, pp. 326-340, 1980.\r\n[14]. Butcher J.C., \u201cImplicit Runge-Kutta Processes,\u201d Math. Comput., vol. 18, pp. 50-64, 1964.\r\n[15]. Euler L., \u201cInstitutionum Calculi Integralis,\u201d Volumen Primum, Opera Omnia, vol. XI, 1768.\r\n[16]. Curtiss C.F., Hirschfelder J.O., \u201cIntegration of stiff equations,\u201d Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 38, pp. 235-243, 1952.\r\n[17]. Heun K., \u201cNeue Methode zur approximativen Integration der Differential gleichungen einer unabh\u00e4ngigen Ver\u00e4nderlichen,\u201d Zeitschr. f\u00a8ur Math. u. Phys., vol. 45, pp. 23-38, 1900.\r\n[18]. Kutta W., \u201cBeitrag zur n\u00e4herungsweisen Integration totaler Differential gleichungen,\u201d Zeitschr. f\u00a8ur Math. u. Phys., vol. 46, pp. 435-453, 1901.\r\n[19]. Runge C, \u201cUeber die numerische Aufl\u00f6sung von Differential gleichungen,\u201d Math. Ann., vol. 46, pp. 167-178, 1895.\r\n[20]. Nystr\u00f6m E.J., \u201cUeber die numerische Integration von Differential gleichungen.\u201d Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., vol. 50, pp.1-54, 1925.\r\n[21]. Dahlquist G., \u201cConvergence and stability in the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations,\u201d Math. Scand. Vol. 4, pp. 33-53, 1956.\r\n[22]. Dahlquist G., \u201cA special stability problem for linear multistep methods\u201d, BIT, vol. 3, pp. 27-43, 1963.\r\n[23]. Julyan, H. E., and Oreste, P., \u201cThe dynamics of Runge\u2013Kutta methods,\u201d International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 2, pp. 27-449, 1992.\r\n[24]. Jain R.K., Iyenger S.R., \u201cNumerical Methods: Advanced Engineering Mathematics,\u201d Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2014.\r\n[25]. Goel B.S., Mittal S.K., \u201cNumerical Analysis,\u201d 13th ed., Pragati Prakashan, Delhi, 1998.\r\n[26]. Simos T.E., \u201cA modified Runge-Kutta method for the numerical solution of ODE\u2019s with oscillation solutions,\u201d Appl. Math. Lett., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 61-66, 1996.\r\n[27]. Geeta A., Varun J., \u201cDevelopments in Runge-Kutta method to solve ordinary differential equations, Recent Advances in Mathematics for Engineering,\u201d DOI:10.1201\/978042900304-9, March 2020.\r\n[28]. Mechee M.S., Yasen R., \u201cGeneralized RK integrators for solving ordinary differential equations: A survey &amp; comparison study,\u201d Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol.13, no. 7, pp. 2923-2949, 2017.\r\n[29]. Vijeyata C., Pankaj K.S., \u201cComputational techniques based on Runge-Kutta method of various order and type for solving differential equations,\u201d International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 375-386, 2019.\r\n[30]. Wusu A. S., Akanbi M. A., \u201cExplicit fourth-derivative two-step linear multistep method for ordinary differential equations,\u201d Journal of Research and Review in Science, vol. 4, pp. 105-109, 2017.\r\n[31]. Butcher J.C., \u201cCoefficients for the study of Runge-Kutta integration processes,\u201d J. Austral. Math. Soc., vol. 3, pp. 185-201, 1963.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md. Azmol Huda, Mohammad Wahiduzzaman, Munnujahan Ara, &#8220;Graphical Interpretation of the Slopes Used in the Derivation of Classical Fourth Order Runge-Kutta (RK4) Formula&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.27-32 April 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/27-32.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/27-32.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/graphical-interpretation-of-the-slopes-used-in-the-derivation-of-classical-fourth-order-runge-kutta-rk4-formula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Graphical Interpretation of the Slopes Used in the Derivation of Classical Fourth Order Runge-Kutta (RK4) Formula<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e4bcc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e4bcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e4ca0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e4ca0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e4e52\" data-id=\"e8e4e52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e4f86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e4f86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teachers\u2019 Social Skills as Predictors of Effective Teaching of Phonetics and Phonology in Sandwich Programmes of Colleges of Education in South-West, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Erinsakin, Martins Ojo Ph.D., Mr Omoluwa, Olusegun, Mrs. Ogundare, Fehintola Julianah, Mrs Olagoke, Caroline Olayinka April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 33-37<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e5029 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e5029\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e51bd\" data-id=\"e8e51bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e52ef elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8e52ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was carried out on teachers\u2019 social skills as predictors of effective teaching of phonetics and phonology in Sandwich programmes of South-West, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was used. The study population comprised, English Language students of Sandwich programme of Colleges of Education in South-West, Nigeria. The sample size of the study was Four hundred and eighty (480) respondents selected from ten colleges of Education in South-West, Nigeria (Lagos, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo and Osun). From each of the ten selected colleges of Education, forty (40) English Language were selected through a simple random sampling technique. A self-developed research instrument by the researchers, titled on \u2018Rating scale one Teachers\u2019 social skills as predictors of effective teaching of phonetics and phonology in Sandwich programmes of Colleges of Education in South-West, Nigeria\u201d The research instrument was modelled on four liker rating scale; strongly agree (SA), agree (A), strongly disagreed (SD), disagreed (D). The research instrument was validated by an expert in test and measurement while it reliability was obtained through test retest method at two weeks interval. 0.63 coefficient reliability was obtained. Data collected on the research question was analyzed using, descriptive statistics (frequency counts, simple percentages and mean), while data collected on research hypothesis analyzed through inferential statistics (spearman ranking correlation coefficient). Based on the findings of the study conclusion were made that teachers\u2019 of English Language possessed skills for the teaching of sound, articulation and also effective mentors, while teaching words\u2019 stress . Based on the conclusion, recommendation were made that; competence English language teachers should be employed to be teaching phonetics and phonology topics in Sandwich programmes of Colleges of Education in South-West, Nigeria. Also, language laboratory which is an essential resource centre should be provided for English Language Departments of the Colleges of Education in South West, Nigeria, and all tertiary institutions Department running English language programme .<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 33-37\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Erinsakin, Martins Ojo Ph.D.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Continuing Educaiton\/ Adult and Non-Formal Education, Adeyemi Colege of Education, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mr Omoluwa, Olusegun<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mrs. Ogundare, Fehintola Julianah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of General Studies, Adeyemi Colege of Education, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mrs Olagoke, Caroline Olayinka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of General Studies, Adeyemi Colege of Education, Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Finch G. (2000). Phonetics and phonology in linguistics term and concepts. Palgrate study guides. Palgrate, London.\r\n[2] Baker, A. A. (2011). ESL teacher and pronunciation pedagogy: Exploring the development of teachers cognition and classroom practices. In J.Levis and K. Leville (Eds). Proceedings of the 2nd pronunciations in second language learning and teaching conferences.\r\n[3] Mohd, N, Sekolah, A, Kikro, M. B &amp; Sembilan, N. (2020). Challenges in teaching pronunciation in Malaysian secondary schools: Norve teacher\u2019s perspective. LSP International Journal 7 (2):119-137.\r\n[4] Derwins, T. M. Diepenbroek, L. G. &amp; Foote, J. A (2012). How well do general skills ESL textbooks address pronunciation? TESL Canada Journal, 30 (1):22-44.\r\n[5] Lekha, S. D. &amp; Kumar, P. (2020). Teaching phonetics to enhance pronunciation in an ESL classrooms journal of critical reviews. 7 (2):669-672.\r\n[6] Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning teaching: the essential guide to English pronunciation in junior secondary school in Nigeria. Asian Journal of social sciences and humanities (4)\r\n[7] Williams , K &amp; Gragg, M. (2021). Social skills development and importance.\r\n[8] Gagnon, D. (2019). 10 qualities of a good teacher. Manshester; southern New Hampshire University.\r\n[9] Mousena, E &amp; Sidiropoulour , T (2017). Oral communication skills and pedogamy interchopen.com accessed march 3rd, 2022.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Erinsakin, Martins Ojo Ph.D., Mr Omoluwa, Olusegun, Mrs. Ogundare, Fehintola Julianah, Mrs Olagoke, Caroline Olayinka, &#8220;Teachers\u2019 Social Skills as Predictors of Effective Teaching of Phonetics and Phonology in Sandwich Programmes of Colleges of Education in South-West, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.33-37 April 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/33-37.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/33-37.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teachers-social-skills-as-predictors-of-effective-teaching-of-phonetics-and-phonology-in-sandwich-programmes-of-colleges-of-education-in-south-west-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Teachers\u2019 Social Skills as Predictors of Effective Teaching of Phonetics and Phonology in Sandwich Programmes of Colleges of Education in South-West, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e606a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e606a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e614d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e614d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e62db\" data-id=\"e8e62db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e63fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e63fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Factors Affecting Performance of Agribusiness Enterprises in Somaliland<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Samuel Otieno John April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 38-43<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e64ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e64ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e6625\" data-id=\"e8e6625\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e674b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8e674b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In Sub-Saharan Africa, the agricultural sector remains to be the mainstay of the economies. The establishment of agribusiness opportunities offers widespread benefits in terms of food. This study aimed to examine the social, economic, technological, and environmental factors behind the deterioration of the agribusiness sector in Somaliland. The study administered semi-structured questionnaires to 96 respondents in the Gabiley district. The Linear regression results indicate that nine variables, namely; price fluctuation, prolonged drought spell, entrepreneurship training, access to extension services, capital, greenhouse technology, use of mobile money transfer, were statistically significant at 5%. However, four hypothesized variables; farm inputs, land size, education, and availability of farmers\u2019 cooperative societies) were not statistically significant. The study recommends that Somaliland\u2019s ministry of agriculture provide agricultural extension staff and capital to stimulate agribusiness development in the country.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 38-43\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9403<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Otieno John <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMoi University-Kenya, Department of Agricultural Economics and Resource Management in Collaboration with the Abaarso-Tech University and University of Hargeisa, Somaliland\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] ADI. (2010). African Agribusiness and Agro-Indusries Development Initiative. AFRICAN UNION.\r\n[2] Abdullahi, A. E. (2014). Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Production in Marodijeh andGabiley Regions (Somaliland). ACTIONAID INTERNATIONAL (SOMALILAND).\r\n[3] Adhikari, R. P., Bonney, L., Woods, M., &amp; Harwood, A. (2018). Applying a community entrepreneurship development framework to rural regional development. Small Enterprise Research, 1\u201319.\r\n[4] Babu, S. C., &amp; Shishodia, M. (2018). Measuring Agribusiness Competitiveness: An Application to African Countries. In I. Adeleye &amp; M. Esposito (Eds.), Africa\u2019s Competitiveness in the Global Economy (pp. 169\u2013193). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67014-0_7\r\n[5] Baley, L., &amp; Sugulle, A. J. (2011). The impact of Climate change and adoption of strategic mechanisms by agro-pastoralistsin gabiley region Somaliland. Candlelight.\r\n[6] Boadu, P., Aidoo, R., Ohene-Yankyera, K., &amp; Kleih, U. (2018). Armers\u2019 perception about quality of planted seed yam and their preferences for certified seed yam in Ghana. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 6(3), 71\u201383.\r\n[7] FAO (Ed.). (2017). The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.\r\n[8] FAO. (2018). Statistical Database of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: FAOSTAT. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data.Google Scholar\r\n[9] Filion, L. J. (2011). Defining the Entrepreneur Complexity and Multi-Dimensional Systems Some Reflections. World Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship.Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elga, 41\u201352.\r\n[10] Herliana, S., Aina, Q., Sutardi, A., Lawiyah, N., &amp; Ulfah, W. N. (2019). ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETENCY ON AGRIBUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Analysis of the Competency on Agribusiness activities in Developing and Developed Countries. 25(3), 6.\r\n[11] Malabo Declaration. (2014). Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods. African Union Commission.\r\n[12] Musa, A. M., Wasonga, O. V., &amp; Mtimet, N. (2020). Factors influencing livestock export in Somaliland\u2019s terminal markets. Pastoralism, 10(1), 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13570-019-0155-7\r\n[13] NEPAD. (2013). Agriculture in africa transformation and outlook.\r\n[14] Nzioki, A. (2015). Gender Analysis of Maize Post-Harvest Management in Kenya: A Case Study of Nakuru, Naivasha and EmbuDistricts. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC.\r\n[15] Olowa, O. W., &amp; Olowa, O. A. (2015). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Development in Agribusiness Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria. 9.\r\n[16] UNIDO. (2017). Annual Report 2016. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. www.unido.org\r\n[17] Walala, S. J., Waiganjo, E. W., &amp; Njeru, A. (2014). Effect of Organizational Structure on the Delivery of Quality Education in Public Technical and Vocational Education Institutions in Kenya. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(1), p98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5430\/ijba.v6n1p98\r\n[18] Wilkinson, J., &amp; Rocha, R. (2009). Agro-industries: Trends, patterns and development Impact ts. In da Silva, C.A., Baker, D., Shepherd, A.W., Jenane, C. &amp; Miranda-da-Cruz, S.Agro-industries for Development. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publish.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Samuel Otieno John, &#8220;Assessment of Factors Affecting Performance of Agribusiness Enterprises in Somaliland&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.38-43 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9403<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/38-43.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-factors-affecting-performance-of-agribusiness-enterprises-in-omaliland\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of Factors Affecting Performance of Agribusiness Enterprises in Somaliland<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e7506 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e7506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e75cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e75cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e7758\" data-id=\"e8e7758\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e788e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e788e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Water Consumption and Incidence of Dehydration on Workers Exposed to Heat Stress (Study in Tofu Industry Worker\u2019s in Semarang Indonesia)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Ulfa Nurullita, Sinta Dwi Surya P, Mugram Rasyid Samual, Didik Sumanto April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 44-47<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e792d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e792d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e7abd\" data-id=\"e8e7abd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e7c09 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8e7c09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background: Heat stress exposure in the workplace that occurs continuously will affect the increment of fluid expenditure through sweat and if it is not accompanied by adequate fluid intake, it will cause dehydration. One of the workplaces that have a physical hazard in the form of heat stress is the tofu industry. Preliminary measurement results for all locations are above the threshold value limit.\r\nMethod: This descriptive study uses a cross-sectional approach, the sample is 31 workers in the tofu industry, Jomblang Village, Semarang Indonesia. The variables analyzed were the amount of drinking water consumption, the habit of drinking diuretic drinks, and the incidence of dehydration. Research instruments are questionnaires, beaker glass, urinometers, and cameras. Data analysis was carried out univariately.\r\nResults: Heat stress averages 33.01\u00b0C, most workers are &gt;40 years old (67,7%), 83.9% are male, water consumption (freshwater) averages 2,1 liter for 24 hours, and 87.1% have less water intake. 87.1% of workers have a drinking diuretic habit both at work and at home, with the most types consumed are tea and coffee. The urine specific gravity averages 1.016, a minimum of 1.009, and a maximum of 1.026 of which 58.1% is unhydrated.\r\nConclusion: Lack of drinking water consumption to replace body fluids lost through sweat due to heat stress will increase the specific gravity of urine. The specific gravity of urine can be an early marker of kidney problems.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 44-47\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9404<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ulfa Nurullita <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Environment of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sinta Dwi Surya P <\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent of Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mugram Rasyid Samual<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLaboratory of Environment of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Didik Sumanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Epidemiology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Chan APC, Yi W. 2016. \u201cHeat stress and its impacts on occupational health and performance\u201d inIndoor Built Environment Sage Journal Vol. 25 No. 1 (3\u20135).\r\n[2] Piil JF, Lundbye-Jensen J, Christiansen L, Ioannou L, Tsoutsoubi L, Dallas CN, et al. 2018. \u201cHigh prevalence of hypohydration in occupations with heat stress &#8211; Perspectives for performance in combined cognitive and motor tasks\u201d in PLoS One Vol.13 No. 10 (1\u201320).\r\n[3] Tawatsupa B, Yiengprugsawan V, Kjellstrom T, Berecki-Gisolf J, Seubsman SA, Sleigh A. 2013. \u201cAssociation between heat stress and occupational injury among Thai workers: Findings of the Thai cohort study\u201d in Industrial Health Vol. 51 No. 1 (34\u201346).\r\n[4] Ioannou LG, Mantzios K, Tsoutsoubi L, Nintou E, Vliora M, Gkiata P, et al. 2021. \u201cOccupational heat stress: Multi-country observations and interventions\u201d inInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vo. 18 No. 12 (1\u201321).\r\n[5] Varghese BM, Hansen A, Bi P, Pisaniello D. 2018. \u201cAre workers at risk of occupational injuries due to heat exposure? A comprehensive literature review\u201d inSafety Science Vol. 110 (380\u201392).\r\n[6] Zander KK, Botzen WJW, Oppermann E, Kjellstrom T, Garnett ST. 2015. \u201c Heat stress causes substantial labour productivity loss in Australia\u201d inNatural Climate Change. Vol.5 No. 7 (647\u201351).\r\n[7] Flouris AD, Dinas PC, Ioannou LG, Nybo L, Havenith G, Kenny GP, et al. 2018. \u201cWorkers\u2019 health and productivity under occupational heat strain: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u201d inLancet Planet HealthVol. 2 No. 12 (521\u201331).\r\n[8] Tarwaka. 2014.Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (Manajemen Dan Implementasi K3 Di Tempat Kerja). Surakarta: Harapan Press.\r\n[9] Gustam, H., &amp; Briawan D. Faktor Risiko Dehidrasi pada Remaja dan Dewasa [Internet]. IPB University, Scientific Repository. 2012. Available from: https:\/\/repository.ipb.ac.id\/handle\/123456789\/54399\r\n[10] Nilamsari N, Damayanti R, Nawawinetu ED. 2018. \u201cHubungan Masa Kerja Dan Usia Dengan Tingkat Hidrasi Pekerja Perajin Manik-Manik Di Kabupaten Jombang\u201d dalamJurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal)No.9Vol.2 (1\u20139).\r\n[11] Hamdani. 2014. \u201cHubungan Iklim Kerja dan Status Gizi dengan Perasaan Kelelahan Kerja pada Tenaga Kerja Bagian Produksi di Pabrik Kopi PD. Ayam Ras Kota Jambi\u201ddalam Scientia Jurnal Stikes Prima JAMBI Vol.3 No. 1 (1\u20135).\r\n[12] Ratih A, Fithra F. 2017. \u201c Hubungan Konsumsi Cairan Dengan Status Hidrasi Pekerja Di Suhu Lingkungan Dingin\u201d dalam Journal of Nutrition CollegeVo. 6 No. 1 (76\u201383).\r\n[13] Abiseno P, Siti SRI. 2017. \u201cThe Influence of Work Environment Factors and Workloads To Worker\u2019S Fatigue At Full Machinery Tire Manufacture Industry in Cikarang\u201d. Vol.23 No.2 (73\u201382).\r\n[14] Grandinata Soeseno W, Bikin Suryawan IW, Suarca K. a2019. \u201cubungan antara derajat dehidrasi dengan penurunan berat badan pada anak diare usia 1 sampai 5 tahun di ruangan kaswari dan poliklinik anak RSUD Wangaya kota Denpasar\u201d dalam Intisari Sains MedisVol 10 No.1 (23\u20137).\r\n[15] Sari NP. 2014. \u201cPengaruh Iklim Kerja Panas Terhadap Dehidrasi dan Kelelahan pada Tenaga Kerja Bagian Boiler di PT Albasiah Sejahtera Mandiri Kabupaten Semarang\u201d. 2014;\r\n[16] Sari MP. 2017. \u201cIklim Kerja Panas dan Konsumsi Air Minum Saat Kerja Terhadap Dehidrasi\u201d dalam HIGEIA (Journal Public Health Research and Development Vol.1 No.2 (108\u201318).Semarang.\r\n[17] Andayani K, Dieny FF. 2013. \u201cHubungan Konsumsi Cairan Dengan Status Hidrasi Pada Pekerja Industri Laki-Laki\u201d dalam Journal of Nutrition College Vol 2 No. 4 (547\u201356).\r\n[18] W.S. Arif K. 2014. Berat Jenis Urin (BJU) Pada Kondisi Umum Dan Khusus. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FKUI.\r\n[19] Nirmala. 2009. \u201cIklim Kerja dan Penyediaan Air Minum pada Pekerja Instalasi Sterilisasi dan Binatu RSUD DR Soetomo Surabaya\u201d.\r\n[20] Istiqomah FH, Nawawinetu ED.2013. \u201cFaktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap munculnya keluhan subjektif akibat tekanan panas pada tenaga kerja di PT. Iglas (Persero) tahun 2013\u201d dalam Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety Health Vol 2 No.2 (175\u201384).\r\n[21] Eka AP. 2013. Manajemen Cairan Dan Elektrolit. Yogyakarta: Nurha Medika.\r\n[22] Andayani K, Dieny fillah F. 2013. \u201c Hubunagn Konsumsi Cairan dengan Status Dehidrasi Pada Pekerja Industri Laki-Laki\u201d dalam Journal of Nutrition College Vol.2 No. 4 (547-56).\r\n[23] Andhini NF.2017. \u201cPerbandingan Tingkat Dehidrasi, Kadar Anti Diuretic Hormon (ADH) dan Karakteristik Urine pada aktifitas Fisik Maksimal dan Submaksimal\u201d dalam Journal of Chemical Information and Modelling Vol 53 No. 9 ((1689\u201399).\r\n[24] Kementrian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Republik Indonesia No. 13 Tahun 2011 Tentang NAB Faktor Fisika Dan Faktor Kimia Di Tempat Kerja. 2011. https:\/\/peraturan.go.id\/common\/dokumen\/bn\/2011\/bn684-2011.pdf. 20 Mei 2021.\r\n[25] Sato M, Fukayo S,Yano E. 2003. \u201cAdverse environmental health effects of ultra-low relative humidity indoor air\u201d in Journal of Occupational Health Vol. 45 No.2 (133\u20136).\r\n[26] Su S Bin, Lin KH, Chang HY, Lee CW, Lu CW, Guo HR. 2006. \u201cUsing urine specific gravity to evaluate the hydration status of workers working in an ultra-low humidity environment\u201d in Journal of Occupational Health Vol. 48 No. 4 (284\u20139).\r\n[27] Hahn RG, Grankvist N, Krizhanovskii C. 2016. \u201cUrinary analysis of fluid retention in the general population: A cross-sectional study\u201d in PLoS One Vol. 11 No. 10(1\u201314).\r\n[28] Flasar C. 2008.\u201dWhat is urine specific gravity?\u201d inNursing (London) Vol.38 No. 7 (14).\r\n[29] Ylinenvaara SI, Elisson O, Berg K, Zdolsek JH, Krook H, Hahn RG. 2014. \u201cPreoperative urine-specific gravity and the incidence of complications after hip fracture surgery: A prospective, observational study\u201d inEuropean Journal of Anaesthesiology. Vol.31 No. 2 (85\u201390).\r\n[30] Khalili. J (Steven) CSSY Al. 2021. Physiology, Osmoregulation and Excretion StatPearls Publishing LLC\r\n[31] Sandi I, Ariyasa I, Teresna I, Ashadi K. 2017. \u201cPengaruh Kelembaban Relatif Terhadap Perubahan Suhu Tubuh Latihan\u201d dalam Sport and Fitness Journal Vol. 5 No.1 (103\u20139). Universitas Udayana, Denpasar.\r\n[32] Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Hillman SK, Montain SJ, Reiff R V., Rich BSE, et al. National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association Position Statement. 2000.\u201cFluid Replacement for Athletes\u201d in Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 35 No.2 (212\u201324).\r\n[33] Popowski L a., Oppliger R a., Lambert GP, Johnson RF, Johnson AKIM, Gisolfi C V. 2001.\u201dStatus During Progressive Acute Dehydration\u201d inInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17 No. 6(747\u201353).\r\n[34] Clark WF, Sontrop JM, Macnab JJ, Suri RS, Moist L, Salvadori M, et al. 2011. \u201cUrine volume and change in estimated GFR in a community-based cohort study\u201d in. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Vol.6 No. 11 (2634\u201341).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Ulfa Nurullita, Sinta Dwi Surya P, Mugram Rasyid Samual, Didik Sumanto, &#8220;Water Consumption and Incidence of Dehydration on Workers Exposed to Heat Stress (Study in Tofu Industry Worker\u2019s in Semarang Indonesia)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.44-47 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9404<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/44-47.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/water-consumption-and-incidence-of-dehydration-on-workers-exposed-to-heat-stress-study-in-tofu-industry-workers-in-semarang-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Water Consumption and Incidence of Dehydration on Workers Exposed to Heat Stress (Study in Tofu Industry Worker\u2019s in Semarang Indonesia)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e8985 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e8985\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e8a4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e8a4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e8bd8\" data-id=\"e8e8bd8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e8cf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8e8cf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Perspectives on the Utilisation of Football Facilities in Monze District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Fair Mweemba Hamusoogwa, Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 48-53<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e8d8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e8d8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8e8f2a\" data-id=\"e8e8f2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e9095 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8e9095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Football facilities are an essential component of any society as it provides open spaces that help people, both old and young, develop physically. In addition, it provides space for recreation and space for various other activities that people carry out to have a balanced way of life. The purpose of the study was to investigate the utilisation of football facilities in selected clubs of Monze district, Zambia. A sample of 3 coaches, three club managers, one council planning officer, and three chairpersons was chosen from the three clubs and 30 athletes, i.e. ten from each club in the Monze district. The homogeneous purposive sampling technique was used to select a small number of athletes of the same characteristics from the same clubs. The study employed a descriptive research design where the qualitative method was used. Data were collected via face-to-face interview guide, focus group discussion guide, phone interview, observation checklist, and open-ended questionnaires. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. The research found that football facilities were utilised for various activities in the selected clubs. Such activities included International Teachers&#8217; Day, International Nurse&#8217;s Day, and AIDS day. At times, the facilities were used for political campaigns by various political parties during the by-elections and general elections. The study recommended a need for football club maintenance to optimise the utilisation of football facilities in the community.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 48-53\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9405<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fair Mweemba Hamusoogwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Zambia, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Zambia, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abawari, Y.A. 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International Journal of Sport Studies, 4 (9), 1165-1168\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Fair Mweemba Hamusoogwa, Ferdinand Mwaka Chipindi, &#8220;Perspectives on the Utilisation of Football Facilities in Monze District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.48-53 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9405<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/48-53.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/perspectives-on-the-utilisation-of-football-facilities-in-monze-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Perspectives on the Utilisation of Football Facilities in Monze District<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8e9ec7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8e9ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e9fae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e9fae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ea13a\" data-id=\"e8ea13a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ea25b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8ea25b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Decision Making and Machine Learning Algorithms\u2019 Selection with Artificial Intelligent Rule-Based Expert System<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Ismail Olaniyi MURAINA, Moses Adeolu AGOI, Benjamin Oghomena OMOROJOR, Akeem Ademola ADEDOKUN &amp; Rasheed Olatunde AJETUNMOBI April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 54-60<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ea30d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ea30d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ea489\" data-id=\"e8ea489\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ea5b1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8ea5b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Everybody is confronted daily with cluster of decisions that must be appropriately taken in the process of making accurate decision; individuals are faced with and most often fall prey to series of common biases, fallacies, and many other decision making odds. In determining which algorithm to apply for analysis (with machine learning algorithms\/models) open to critical steps to be taken and also highly depend on many factors ranging from the type of problem at hand, the condition to choose a model and to the expected outcomes. The study looks at how artificial intelligent approach with expert system would be helpful in making timely decision on which type of algorithm(s) is\/are capable to be applied and implemented to have desired results. The study also uses VisiRule software to model series of successful channels to arrive at a good decision making means. The use of VisiRule (Artificial Intelligent Based Expert System) was employed to give directional path ways to the selection of appropriate algorithms from supervised and unsupervised machine learning to different classification methods, regression methods, clustering approaches, dimensionality reduction methods, and association rules. The outcome of this study demonstrates the easy way through paths to select relevant and most appropriate model or algorithm that best fit the analysis at hand with detailed explanation of each alternative option. The use of VisiRule software has proven the easy way to achieve decision making problems without any codes requirement for such actions. Decision making challenges could be resolved by just implementing artificial intelligent rule-based expert system which require less time, coding free, and highly achievable accurate outcomes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 54-60\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 April 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9406<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ismail Olaniyi MURAINA <\/strong><\/span>\r\nComputer Science Department, College of Information and Technology Education, Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moses Adeolu AGOI <\/strong><\/span>\r\nComputer Science Department, College of Information and Technology Education, Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Benjamin Oghomena OMOROJOR <\/strong><\/span>\r\nComputer Science Department, College of Information and Technology Education, Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akeem Ademola ADEDOKUN <\/strong><\/span>\r\nComputer Science Department, College of Information and Technology Education, Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rasheed Olatunde AJETUNMOBI <\/strong><\/span>\r\nComputer Science Department, College of Information and Technology Education, Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Kotthoff, Lars (2016) Algorithm Selection for Combinatorial Search Problems: A survey. www.researchgate.net\r\n[2] Kotthoff, Lars; Gent, Ian P &amp; Miguel, Ian (2012). An Evaluation of Machine Learning in Algorithm Selection for Search Problems\r\n[3] Abdulrahman, Salisu Mamman; Adamu, Alhassan; Ibrahim,Yazid Ado &amp; Muhammad, Akilu Rilwan (2017). An Overview of the Algorithm Selection Problem. International Journal of Computer (IJC) (26)1, 71-98\r\n[4] Luo,Gang (2017) A Review of Automatic Selection Methods for Machine Learning Algorithms and Hyper parameter Values\r\n[5] Dhabarde, Swati (2019) Approach towards Model Evaluation, Model Selection, and Algorithm Selection in Machine Learning. Pramana Research Journal (9)6, 2019, 396 &#8211; 408\r\n[6] Lieder, Falk; Plunkett, Dillon; Hamrick, Jessica B; Russell, Stuart J; Hay, Nicholas J &amp; Griffiths, Thomas L. (2014) Algorithm selection by rational meta-reasoning as a model of human strategy selection\r\n[7] Muraina, I O &amp; Adeleke I A (2021). Researchers\u2019 Artificial Intelligence Expert System Rule-Based Decision Making Using Visirule. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 28(1), pp.351-358\r\n[8] Bilgi N B, Kulkami, &amp; Spenser C (2010). \u201cAn Expert System using A Decision Logic Charting Approach for Indian Legal Domain With specific reference to Transfer of Property Act\u201d.DOAJ\r\n[9] Spenser C (2007). Drawing on your knowledge with VisiRule. IEEE Xplore. IEEE Potentials 26(1):20 \u2013 25, Doi: 10.1109\/MP.2007.343036\r\n[10] Spenser C (2022). VisiRule New Features: VisiRule Visualize, VisiRule Analytics and VisiRule AutoAudit. www.Google.com\r\n[11] Muraina I. O, Zosu S.J &amp; Agoi M.A (2021). Expert System Rule-Based Optimization in Assigning Courses of Study. Latin America International Conference on Natural and Applied Sciences. Villahermosa, Mexico. November 5-6,\r\n[12] Rice, J. R. (1976). The algorithm selection problem. Advances in computers, 15, 65-118.\r\n[13] Brazdil, P., Carrier, C. G., Soares, C., &amp; Vilalta, R. (2008). Metalearning: Applications to data mining. Springer Science &amp; Business Media.\r\n[14] Smith-Miles, K. A. (2009). Cross-disciplinary perspectives on meta-learning for algorithm selection. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 41(1),6\r\n[15] Guo, Haipeng &amp; Hsu, William H (2007) A machine learning approach to algorithm selection for NP-hard optimization problems: a case study on the MPE problem.. Ann Oper Res (August, 2007) 156: 61\u201382\r\n[16] Masood, Muhammad Faisal; Khan, Aimal; Hussain, Farhan &amp; Shaukat, Arslan (2020) Towards the Selection of Best Machine Learning Model for Student Performance Analysis and Prediction\r\n[17] Muraina, I O, Rahman, M A and Adeleke, I A (2016). Statistical Approaches and Decision Making Towards Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses with Visirule. British Journal of Education, Society &amp; Behavioural Science, 14(2): 1-10\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Ismail Olaniyi MURAINA, Moses Adeolu AGOI, Benjamin Oghomena OMOROJOR, Akeem Ademola ADEDOKUN &amp; Rasheed Olatunde AJETUNMOBI, &#8220;Decision Making and Machine Learning Algorithms\u2019 Selection with Artificial Intelligent Rule-Based Expert System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.54-60 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9406<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/54-60.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/decision-making-and-machine-learning-algorithms-selection-with-artificial-intelligent-rule-based-expert-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Decision Making and Machine Learning Algorithms\u2019 Selection with Artificial Intelligent Rule-Based Expert System<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8eb354 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8eb354\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8eb419 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8eb419\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8eb594\" data-id=\"e8eb594\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8eb6c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8eb6c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Muhammadiyah\u2019s Policies in Using Islamic Banking Services in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Anton Hindardjo, Tiolina Evi April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 61-68<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8eb76b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8eb76b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8eb8eb\" data-id=\"e8eb8eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8eba47 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8eba47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Muhammadiyah with it\u2019s thousands of AUM as the source of Persyarikatan has economic cooperation and bargaining with the conventional banks. With the decree No.37\/KEP\/1.0\/C\/2012 about islamic banking partner, then Persyarikatan funds must be moved entirely to the banking partners in cash management service. This study attempts to know the degree to which the policy of Muhammadiyah is in the use of islamic banking. Data is collected from interviews with Mr. Mukhaer Pakkanna S.E., M.M. as vice chairman of majelis economic and entrepreneurship outlined by using as well as several other sources outlined by using qualitative analysis descriptive. The results show that AUM has used islamic banking despite in the use of service cash management has not been reached optimal. This is caused by several factors, the are: obscurity of the content and policies sanctions and lack of socialization deeply to the implementors, AUM management, and members of muhammadiyah overall. In addition, the use of islamic banking is not yet optimal because the bureaucracy structure of AUM which is related to the government and other stakeholder<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 61-68\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9407<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anton Hindardjo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Bank, STEI SEBI\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tiolina Evi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Perbanas Institituteerbanas Institute, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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(2022), The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Approach and Regulation on Muzakki&#8217;s Behavior in Paying Zakat in DKI Jakarta Province, Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, Volume 5 Issue 03 March 2022, 773-790\r\n[6]. Bailey, D. E., &amp; Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(4), 383-400.\r\n[7]. Bogdan, R., &amp; Biklen, S. K. (1997). Qualitative research for education: Allyn &amp; Bacon Boston, MA.\r\n[8]. Dakhoir, A. (2017). Hukum syariah compliance di perbankan syariah. In: K-Media.\r\n[9]. Dunn, W. N. (2015). Public policy analysis: Routledge.\r\n[10]. El-Bdour, R. I. (1984). The Islamic economic system: a theoretical and empirical analysis of money and banking in the Islamic economic framework. Utah State University,\r\n[11]. Iswanaji, C., Khotijah, S. A., &amp; Nafi\u2019Hasbi, M. Z. (2021). Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Buku Ajar Konsentrasi Syariah: Penerbit Adab.\r\n[12]. Jackson, J. H. (1997). The world trading system: law and policy of international economic relations: MIT press.\r\n[13]. Jaya, B. F. (2017, Januari Rabu, 4). Diskusi dengan Majelis Ekonomi dan kewirausahaan (Personal, Pewawancara\r\n[14]. Julnes, P. d. L., &amp; Holzer, M. (2001). Promoting the utilization of performance measures in public organizations: An empirical study of factors affecting adoption and implementation. Public administration review, 61(6), 693-708.\r\n[15]. Kadushin, A., &amp; Harkness, D. (2014). Supervision in social work: Columbia University Press.\r\n[16]. Khan, S. (2009). The application of Qur&#8217;\u0101n and Hadith in the teaching of life skills in Muslim schools in South Africa.\r\n[17]. King, G., Desmarais, C., Lindsay, S., Pi\u00e9rart, G., &amp; T\u00e9treault, S. (2015). The roles of effective communication and client engagement in delivering culturally sensitive care to immigrant parents of children with disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation, 37(15), 1372-1381.\r\n[18]. Latief, H. (2013). Melayani Umat: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.\r\n[19]. Mutamimah, M., Zaenudin, Z., &amp; Cokrohadisumarto, W. B. M. (2022). Risk management practices of Islamic microfinance institutions to improve their financial performance and sustainability: a study on Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah, Indonesia. Qualitative ] Research in Financial Markets.\r\n[20]. Muhammadiyah, T. A. (2012). Iuran, Infaq dan Layanan Manajemen Kas Muhammadiyah. Jakarta: Noble Production.\r\n[21]. Nurdin, N., &amp; Yusuf, K. (2020). Knowledge management lifecycle in Islamic bank: the case of syariah banks in Indonesia. International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 11(1), 59-80.\r\n[22]. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Dickinson, W. B., Leech, N. L., &amp; Zoran, A. G. (2009). A qualitative framework for collecting and analyzing data in focus group research. International journal of qualitative methods, 8(3), 1-21.\r\n[23]. Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., &amp; Chatterjee, S. (2007). A design science research methodology for information systems research. Journal of management information systems, 24(3), 45-77.\r\n[24]. Perman, J. (2014). Transformation of the Government Employee&#8217;s Culture of Working Performance: An Interpretive Strategy of Organization Communication. Educational Leader (PEMIMPIN PENDIDIKAN), 2, 47-62.\r\n[25]. Petticrew, M., Knai, C., Thomas, J., Rehfuess, E. A., Noyes, J., Gerhardus, A., . . . McGill, E. (2019). Implications of a complexity perspective for systematic reviews and guideline development in health decision making. BMJ Global Health, 4(Suppl 1), e000899.\r\n[26]. Pranawati, R. (2006). Women Leadership within the Elite Members of Muhammadiyah: Post the 45th National Conference 2005. Thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta,\r\n[27]. Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A., Criado, J. I., &amp; Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2020). Analyzing open government policy adoption through the multiple streams framework: The roles of policy entrepreneurs in the case of Madrid. Public Policy and Administration, 0952076720936349.\r\n[28]. Sage, A. P., &amp; Cuppan, C. D. (2001). On the systems engineering and management of systems of systems and federations of systems. Information knowledge systems management, 2(4), 325-345.\r\n[29]. Zein, M. F. (2019). Panduan Menggunakan Media Sosial untuk Generasi Emas Milenial: Mohamad Fadhilah Zein\r\n[30]. www.muhammadiyah.or.id. (2015). Keputusan Tanfiidz Muktamar Ke-47 Muhammadiyah. www.muhammadiyah.or.id\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Anton Hindardjo, Tiolina Evi, &#8220;Analysis of Muhammadiyah\u2019s Policies in Using Islamic Banking Services in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.61-68 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9407<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/61-68.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-muhammadiyahs-policies-in-using-islamic-banking-services-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis of Muhammadiyah\u2019s Policies in Using Islamic Banking Services in Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ec7c0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8ec7c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ec887 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ec887\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8eca21\" data-id=\"e8eca21\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ecb4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8ecb4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Social Media Integration Into Contemporary Human Resource Management: A Qualitative Approach<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Bello Deva Vincent April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 69-72<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ecbf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ecbf2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ecd62\" data-id=\"e8ecd62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ece9e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8ece9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study explored the theme \u201csocial media integration into contemporary human resource management: a qualitative approach.&#8221; The study was guided by three research objectives which are;to determine whether human resource managers integrate social media in their practices; to ascertain the benefit of integrating social media into human resource management and to determine challenges associated with the integration of social media into human resource management. The study was built on the Theory of Creative Destruction and the population of the study comprised of human resource managers and academicians within Yola metropolis. The study adopted dual research methods which are the in-depth interview and integrative literature review design. The researcher interviewed human resources managers and academicians that specialized in human resource management until the results reachedsaturation point. Findings revealed that human resource managers have incorporated social media into contemporary human resource management. It was also found that social media platforms offer lots of benefits to human resource managers in their professional practices. However, it was unraveled that there are quit a several disadvantages associated with the integration of social media into contemporary human resource management even though the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, it was recommended among other things that there is the need for managers of human resources to be aware of the right limits and boundaries when it comes to using social media for their professional practices.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 69-72\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9408<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bello Deva Vincent <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Awofadeju, P., &amp;Ewuola, P. (2019). Impact of social media on public relations practice. Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 65-85.\r\n[2] Christmals, C. D., &amp; Gross, J. J. (2017). An integrative literature review framework for postgraduate nursing research reviews. European Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5(1).\r\n[3] Cober, R. T., Brown, D. J., Blumental, A. J., Doverspike, D., &amp; Levy, P. (2000). The quest for the qualified job surfer: It&#8217;s time the public sector catches the wave. Public Personnel Management, 29(4), 479-496.\r\n[4] Davison, H. K., Maraist, C. C., Hamilton, R. H., &amp; Bing, M. N. (2012). To screen or not to screen? Using the internet for selection decisions. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 24(1), 1-21.\r\n[5] Djabanor, A. (2019). Social Media as a Public Relations Tool: A Study of MTN Ghana and Vodafone Ghana (Doctoral dissertation, University of Ghana).\r\n[6] Inya, A. E. (2017). Influence of Social Media on Public Relations Practices in Universities in South-East, Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research.\r\n[7] SHRS (2016) Managing and Leveraging Workplace Use of Social Media. https:\/\/www.shrm.org\/resourcesandtoosamples\/toolkits\/pages\/managingsocialmedia.a spx\r\n[8] Wigmore (2013), creative destruction. Retrieved from https:\/\/whatis.techtarget.com\/definition\/creative-destruction\r\n[9] Williams, L. A. (2017). Social Media Transformation of Human Resource Management. Retrieved from https:\/\/aquila.usm.edu\/honors_theses\/476\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Bello Deva Vincent , &#8220;Social Media Integration Into Contemporary Human Resource Management: A Qualitative Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.69-72 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9408<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/69-72.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/social-media-integration-into-contemporary-human-resource-management-a-qualitative-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Social Media Integration Into Contemporary Human Resource Management: A Qualitative Approach<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8edbc6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8edbc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8edc93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8edc93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ede31\" data-id=\"e8ede31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8edf4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8edf4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Towards Sustainable Design: Influence of pandemics on Architectural Design and Urban Planning through the ages<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Sofia Sebastian, Ravishankar K.R. April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 73-76<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8edfe4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8edfe4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ee199\" data-id=\"e8ee199\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ee2dc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8ee2dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In the history of the built environment, interior design and urban planning have always responded to epidemics by designing architecture and urban spaces to resist the different viruses and pathogens while preventing their spread. The architectural design strategies used in the past centuries, including Modernism, were a reaction to creating pandemic-free built forms and spaces, thus creating a healthy and sustainable built environment. The Italian piazzas, modernism, minimalism, decentralization of urban cities, urban renewal, etc. were a few of the design outcomes of a pandemic-resistant environment. This research study will help architects understand and evaluate the design strategies used to achieve a healthy, sustainable built environment, thereby adding progressive layers of protection against the virus. Future-built spaces must be designed by taking into account what we&#8217;ve learned from the past and moving in the right direction toward sustainability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 73-76\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9409<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sofia Sebastian<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ravishankar K.R. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Capolongo, S., Rebecchi, A., Buffoli, M., Letizia, A., &amp; Carlo, S. (2020). COVID-19 and cities: From urban health strategies to the pandemic challenge. A decalogue of public health opportunities. Acta Biomedica, 91(2), 13\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v91i2.9515.\r\n[2] CDC (2020). COVID-19 guidance for shared or congregate housing. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/community\/shared-congregate-house\/guidance-shared-congregate-housing.html.\r\n[3] Chandran, R. (2020). Grow your own: Urban farming flourishes in coronavirus lockdowns. Available at: https:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/news\/2020\/04\/07\/grow-your-ownurban-farming-flourishes-in-coronavirus-lockdowns.html.\r\n[4] Chang, V. (2020). The post-pandemic style. Available at:https:\/\/slate.com\/business\/2020\/04\/coronavirus-architecture-1918-flu-cholera-modernism.html.\r\n[5] Constable, H. (2020). How do you build a city for a pandemic? BBC available at: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200424-how-do-you-build-a-city-for-a-pandemic\r\n[6] Dmitriy, G., &amp; Alevtina, A. (2019). Modern technologies of ornamental plants cultivation in vertical structures. In V. Vasenev, E. Dovletyarova, Z. Cheng, T. Prokof\u2019eva, J.\r\n[7] Morel, &amp; N. Ananyeva (Eds.). Urbanization: Challenge and opportunity for soil functions and ecosystem services. SUITMA 2017. Springer geography. Cham: Springer.\r\n[8] Dreessen, T. (2020). How COVID-19 will change the design of our cities. available at: https:\/\/obj.ca\/article\/sponsored-architects-dca-how-covid-19-will-change-design-our-cities.\r\n[9] Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Vaishya, R., &amp;Deshmukh, S. (2020). Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.022\r\n[10] Mousavinia, S., Pourdeihimi, S., &amp;Madani, R. (2019). Housing layout, perceived density and social interactions in gated communities: Mediational role of territoriality. Sustainable Cities and Society, 101699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101699.\r\n[11] Setti, L., Passarini, F., De Gennaro, G., Barbieri, P., Perrone, M., Borelli, M., &#8230; Miani, A. (2020). Airborne transmission route of COVID-19: Why 2 meters\/6 feet of interpersonal distance could not be enough. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17082932.\r\n[12] World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe &amp;Ranson, Ray P. (1988). Guidelines for healthy housing. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https:\/\/apps.who. int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/191555le\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Sofia Sebastian, Ravishankar K.R., &#8220;Towards Sustainable Design: Influence of pandemics on Architectural Design and Urban Planning through the ages&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.73-76 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9409<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/73-76.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/towards-sustainable-design-influence-of-pandemics-on-architectural-design-and-urban-planning-through-the-ages\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Towards Sustainable Design: Influence of pandemics on Architectural Design and Urban Planning through the ages<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ef015 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8ef015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ef0dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ef0dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ef275\" data-id=\"e8ef275\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ef3a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8ef3a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Heritage Expert\u2019s Review of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Report for Proposed Palm Exotja Highrise Resort Project at Dabaso, Kilifi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Philip Mwasame Wanyama April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 77-88<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ef44f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ef44f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8ef5f2\" data-id=\"e8ef5f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ef729 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8ef729\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study reviewed the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study report for the proposed highrise resort development project in Kilifi County of Kenya. The proposal by M\/S Palm Exotja Limited, P.O Box 347 Watamu, will involve the construction and operation of the ultra-modern tourist facility of 61 floors- Palm Exotja Highrise Resort at Dabaso, Watamu, in Kilifi County. This will be the tallest building in Kenya and perhaps in East African region. The ESIA study report prepared by Hannah M. Njoroge, Beatrice N. Karanja and Regina W. Gathuma (Registered EIA\/EA experts), on behalf of the proponent was published by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Comments were invited from the lead agencies and stakeholders on environmental management, as well as from the members of the public to register their concerns regarding this proposed development project. The national heritage resources in Kenya are protected by legislation and policies and wherever they are located, usually occur as part of the natural and human environment. This study was conducted as part of this EIA study report review process and culminated in National Museums of Kenya\u2019s raising concerns over the likely negative impact of the proposed project activities to the national heritage resources of the proposed project area. The data for this review study were gathered through literature review and fieldwork at the site of the proposed project, at Dabaso, in Kilifi County. The preliminary fieldwork carried out at the proposed project area and findings of the review of the Kenya\u2019s national legislation on heritage management, shows that the EIA study report does not address the possible negative impact of the proposed project to heritage resources of the study area. In conclusion, the study recommends that M\/S Palm Exotja Limited carries out heritage impact assessment to address negative impact of the project activities to heritage of the study area. This study has implications not only, for the decision-making regarding the integration of national heritage concerns in the national development planning processes in Kenya, but also for the professional practice in heritage management authorities, institutions and individuals such as archaeologists, biologists, anthropologists, palaeontologists and historians among others, who have interest in the management of heritage resources.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 77-88\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Philip Mwasame Wanyama<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCoastal Archaeology, National Museums of Kenya\r\nP.O Box 82412 GPO 80100, Mombasa, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n, C. (2012). The origin of Malindi Town: a case study of Mambrui. Master of Arts Degree dissertation, University of Dar es Salaamu.\r\n[2] Burgess, N., T. Butynski, I. Gordon, Q. Luke, P. Sumbi &amp; J. Watkin (2003). Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Biodiversity Hotspots. Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund.\r\n[3] Drewett, P.L. (1999). Field Archaeology: An Introduction. London\/New York: Routledge.\r\n[4] Gakweli, M. (2019). Watamu give investors green light to build 61-storey skyscraper. In Kenyan Wall Street 6 October 2019. Available at: https:\/\/kenyanwallstreet.com\/watamu-residents-give-investors-green-light-to-build-61-storey-skyscrapper\/ (Accessed on 20\/11\/2021).\r\n[5] Gari, A. (2019a). Balala blocking Watamu tower to favour the Brits says MP. In The Star.co.ke 15 July 2019. Available at: https:\/\/the star.co.ke\/news\/2019-07-15-balala-blocking- watamu-tower-to-favour-brits-says-mp\/ (Accessed on 20\/11\/2021).\r\n[6] Gari, A. (2019b). Residents back 61-storey Palm Exotica in Watamu. In The Star.co.ke 6 October 2019. Available at: https:\/\/the star.co.ke\/news\/counties\/coast\/2019-10-06- residents-back-61-storey-palm-exotica-in-watamu\/(Accessed on 20\/11\/2021).\r\n[7] Government of Kenya (1999). Environmental management and coordination Act 1999. Nairobi: National Council for Law Reporting.\r\n[8] Government of Kenya (2010). The Constitution of Kenya 2010. Nairobi: Attorney General Chambers.\r\n[9] Government of Kenya (2006). National Museums and Heritage Act 2006. Nairobi: National Council for Law Reporting.\r\n[10] Government of Kenya (2016). The Forest Conservation and Management Act, 2016. Nairobi: National Council for Law Reporting.\r\n[11] Government of Kenya (2003). Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations 2003. 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The Maritime Silk Road: The Indian Ocean and the Africa China Exchange systems in the late first\/ early second Millenium BCE. In Journal of Indian Ocean Archaeology 10.\r\n[19] Kirkman, J. (1964). Men and Monuments on the East African Coast. London: Lutterworth.\r\n[20] Kirkman, J.S. (1963). Gedi: the Palace. The Hague: Mouton.\r\n[21] Kirkman, J.S. (1954). The Arab City of Gedi: Excavations at the Great Mosque, Architecture and Finds. London: Oxford University Press.\r\n[22] Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd ed. New Delhi: New Age.\r\n[23] Martin, E.B. (1973). The History of Malindi: A Geographical Analysis of an East African Town from the Portuguese Period to the Present. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau.\r\n[24] Martin, E.B. (1970). Malindi Past and Present. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya.\r\n[25] Mugenda, O.M. &amp; A.G. Mugenda (1999). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.\r\n[26] Muiruri, P. (2019). Construction of Africa\u2019s tallest building runs into headwinds. In The Standardmedia.co.ke. Available at: https:\/\/standardmedia.co.ke\/business\/real-estate\/article\/ 2001352991\/construction-of-africas-tallest-building-runs-into-headwinds\/ (Accessed on 20\/11\/2021).\r\n[27] Mwang\u2019ombe, J. (2019). Arabuko Sokoke Forest Recognized by UNESCO as Biosphere Reserve. In Kenya Forest Service 10 June 2019. Available at: https:www.kenyaforestservice.org\/ (Accessed on 22\/11\/2021).\r\n[28] National Museums of Kenya (2006). Nomination Dossier for The Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests: First Draft Submission to UNESCO. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya.\r\n[29] Njoroge, H.M., B.N. Karanja &amp; R.W. Gathuma (2019). Environmental and social impact assessment full study report for the proposed Palm Exotja Highrise Resort, on LR.No. Gede\/Kirepwe \u2018B\u2019\/ 369, Turtle Bay Road, Dabaso Kilifi County. Available at: https:\/\/www.nema.go.ke\/images\/Docs\/EIA_16001609\/EIA%201600%20HighRise%20Resort%20Kilifi%20County-min.pdf\/ (Accessed on 6\/6\/2019).\r\n[30] Peregrine, P.N. (2001). Archaeological Research. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.\r\n[31] Unesco (2021). Malindi-Watamu Biosphere Reserve, Kenya. Online: UNESCO Man and Biosphere. Available at: https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/biosphere\/(Accessed on 2\/10\/2021).\r\n[32] Unesco (2021). Biosphere Reserves. Online: UNESCO Man and Biosphere. Available at: https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/biosphere\/(Accessed on 2\/10\/2021).\r\n[33] Unesco (2011). Fort Jesus Mombasa. Online: UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Available at: https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1295\/ (Accessed on 15\/11\/2021).\r\n[34] Unesco (2008). Sacred Kaya Forests. Online: UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Available at: https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1231\/ (Accessed on 15\/11\/2021).\r\n[35] Unesco (2001). Lamu Old Town. Online: UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Available at: https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1055\/ (Accessed on 15\/11\/2021).\r\n[36] Wanyama, P.M. &amp; A.M. Wanjiku, (in press, 2019). Re-Tooling Heritage sector for the Big Four Agenda: Integrating EIA Practice into Heritage Resource management in Kenya. Journal of African Cultural Heritage Studies.\r\n[37] Wilson, T.H. (1980). The Monumental Architecture and Archaeology of the Central and Southern Kenya Coast. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya.\r\n[38] Wilson, T.H. (1978). The Monumental Architecture and Archaeology north of the Tana River. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya.\r\n[39] World Bank (2012). Operational manual.The World Bank Group. Available at: http:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/ (Accessed on 6\/6\/2021).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Philip Mwasame Wanyama, &#8220;Heritage Expert\u2019s Review of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Report for Proposed Palm Exotja Highrise Resort Project at Dabaso, Kilifi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.77-88 April 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/77-88.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/77-88.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/heritage-experts-review-of-the-environmental-and-social-impact-assessment-study-report-for-proposed-palm-exotja-highrise-resort-project-at-dabaso-kilifi-county-kenya\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Heritage Expert\u2019s Review of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Report for Proposed Palm Exotja Highrise Resort Project at Dabaso, Kilifi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f04f7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8f04f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f05c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f05c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8f0751\" data-id=\"e8f0751\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f08a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8f08a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exchange Rate and Agricultural Exports: Evidence From Nigeria (1981-2019)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Joseph Olufemi OGUNJOBI, Olufemi Adebayo OLADIPO (PhD), Oluwasegun ESEYIN, Olaoluwa OPAOLA, Ishola James ARANSIOLA (PhD) April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 89-101<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f0951 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f0951\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8f0ae9\" data-id=\"e8f0ae9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f0c30 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8f0c30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Exchange rate has become one of the major issues Nigerian economy has been confronted with in the recent times especially since one of the goals of all economies is to have a stable exchange rate. The concept of exchange rate was introduced into the analysis of economic growth and development. This study examined the impact of exchange rate on agricultural exports in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and Granger causality test were employed as analytical tools to test for the existence of a relationship between the variables. This research generally places importance on the effect of interest rate, exchange rate, total exports, inflation rate and loans to the agricultural sector on agricultural exports. However, it is mainly concerned with the relationship between exchange rate and agricultural exports. The study establishes that exchange rate significantly affects agricultural exports and there is no causality between them. By implication, exchange rate has a direct or positive relationship with agricultural exports in Nigeria in the long run. This therefore implies that an increase in exchange rate will lead to an increase in the level of agricultural exports in the long run.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 89-101\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9410<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Olufemi OGUNJOBI <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDoctoral School of Agricultural and Water Sciences, National University of Agriculture of K\u00e9tou\/ Benin\r\nDepartment of Economics, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olufemi Adebayo OLADIPO (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accounting and Finance, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwasegun ESEYIN <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olaoluwa OPAOLA <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishola James ARANSIOLA (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Thomas Adewumi University, Oko, Kwara State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abel, A. B., Bernanke, B. S., (1998) Macroeconomics, New York, NY: Addison Wesley\r\n[2] Adelowokan, O. A., Adesoye, A. B., &amp; Balogun, O. D. (2015). Exchange rate volatility on investment and growth in Nigeria, an empirical analysis. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 15(10), 21-30.\r\n[3] Aderibigbe, S.O., (2018). Nigerian Agricultural Sector Performance Review, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER) pp. 12\r\n[4] Akinlo, A. E., &amp;Adejumo, V. A. (2014). Exchange rate volatility and non-oil exports in Nigeria: 1986-2008. International Business and Management, 9(3), 70-79.\r\n[5] Akinlo, A. E., &amp; Odusola (2003). Assessing the impact of Nigeria\u2019s naira depreciation on output and inflation: Policy Implication. West African Journal of Monetary and Economic Integration. 6(1)\r\n[6] Akinniran, T. N. (2018). &#8220;Effects of Exchange Rate on Agricultural Export in Nigeria.\u201d International Journal of Engineering Science Invention(IJESI), 7(8),32-40\r\n[7] Akpan I. P. (2008). Foreign exchange market andeconomic growth in an emerging petroleum based economy: Evidence from Nigeria (1970-2003). African Economic Business Review, 6(2), 46 \u2013 58. Retrieved from www.theaebr.com\/Vol6No2Fall2008Akpan.pdf\r\n[8] Aktas, A. R., Kaplan, F., Ozkan, B., &amp; Brumfield, R. G. (2015). The Effect of Exchange Rate Uncertainty on Agricultural Exports\u202f: A Study of Turkey \u00a9 Society for Business and Management Dynamics \u00a9 Society for Business and Management Dynamics. 4(8), 1\u20138.\r\n[9] Alema, R., &amp;Odongo, T. (2016). Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports of Uganda\u2019s Traditional\r\n[10] Crops. 6(1), 41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5923\/j.economics.20160601.06\r\n[11] Aliyu S.R.U. (2011). Impact of oil price shock and exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical investigation. Research Journal of International Studies.\r\n[12] Anyanwu, C.M (2010). The Changing Structure of the Nigerian Economy: Printed and Bounded in Nigeria by Atisele Vanessa Cards Co, 2a, Johnson Street Ikeja, Lagos. 4, 109-178.\r\n[13] Anyanwu, J.C., Oyefusi, A., Oaikhenan, H., Dimowo, F.A. (1997). The structure of Nigerian Economy: Joanee Educational Publishers LTD Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n[14] Apanisile, O.T., Oloba, O.M. Asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes on cross-border trade in Nigeria. Futur Bus J 6, 8 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43093-020-00013-0\r\n[15] Babatunde, M. A., &amp;Shuaibu, M. I. (2012). Exchange Rate Movements and Agricultural Performance. British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 11(1), pp. 149-155.\r\n[16] Bakare A.S (2011). The Consequences of Foreign Exchange Rate Reforms on the Performances of Private Domestic Investment in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences,1(1), 25-31\r\n[17] Batten, D. S., &amp;Belongia, M. T. (1983). The Recent Decline in Agricultural Exports\u202f: Is the Exchange Rate the Culprit\u202f?d, 5\u201314.\r\n[18] Batten, S.D and Belongia, M.T. (1984). The Recent Decline in Agricultural Exports: is the exchange rate the culprit? Federal Bank of St. Louis.\r\n[19] Bobai, F. D., Ubangida, S., &amp; Umar, Y. S. (2013). An assessment of exchange rate volatility and inflation in Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking, 1(4), 321 &#8211; 340.\r\n[20] Buguk, C., Isik, M., Dellal, I., &amp; Allen, A. (2001). The Impact of Exchange Rate Variability on Agricultural Exports of Developing Countries: The Case of Turkey. Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing, 13(1), 83\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J047v13n01_06Building, A., &amp; Hall, H. (n.d.).\r\n[21] Charles, E., (2006). Exchange rates and fundamentals. Journal of political Economy, Vol. 113(3), 485-517\r\n[22] Cho, G., Sheldon, I. M., &amp; McCorriston, S. (2002). Exchange rate uncertainty and agricultural trade. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 84(4), 931\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8276.00044\r\n[23] Colacelli, M. (2008). Export Responses to Real-Exchange Rate Fluctuations: Development Status and Exported Good Effect, Barnard College, Columbia, University Press.\r\n[24] Dincer, N., &amp;Kandil, M. (n.d.). The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on exports\u202f: a sectoral analysis for turkey.\r\n[25] Dinh, C. X., &amp; Nguyen, T. (2017). Exchange Rate Variations and Agricultural Exports in Vietnam. Accounting and Finance Research, 5(2), 54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5430\/afr.v5n2p54\r\n[26] Donnenfeld, S., &amp;Zilcha, I. (1991). Pricing of Exports and Exchange Rate Uncertainty. International Economic Review, 32(4), 1009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2527048\r\n[27] Dornbusch, R. 2004. \u2018Monetary policy under exchange rate flexibility\u2019. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Working Paper.\r\n[28] Erdem, E., Nazlioglu, S., &amp;Erdem, C. (2010). Exchange rate uncertainty and agricultural trade: Panel cointegration analysis for Turkey. Agricultural Economics, 41(6), 537\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-0862.2010.00469.x\r\n[29] Essien, E.B., Dominic, A.O., Sunday, E.R. (2011). Effects of Price and Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Agricultural Exports in Nigeria, International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 2(1), 1-10\r\n[30] Falana, O. E., Exchange Rate Regimes and Real Sector Performance in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Approach, Canadian Journal of Social Sciences Vol 15, No 10\r\n[31] Fidan, H. (2006). Impact of the real effective exchange rate (REER) on Turkish agricultural trade. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 1(2).\r\n[32] Goudarzi, M. (2012). Investigation the Role of Exchange Rate Volatility on Iran\u2019s Agricultural Exports (Case Study: Date, Pistachio and Saffron). Qaemshahr, Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(6), 904-909\r\n[33] Habanabakize, T., (2020), The Effect of Economic Growth and Exchange Rate on Imports and Exports: The South African Post-2008 Financial Crisis Case, International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 12 (1): 223-238. Doi: 10.34109\/ijefs.202012114\r\n[34] Ibrar, H., Jawad, H., Arshad, A.K., Yahya, K. (2019). An analysis of the asymmetric impact of exchange rate changes on G.D.P. in Pakistan: application of non-linear. R.D.L. Economic research &#8211; Ekonomskaistra\u017eivanja, Vol. 32 No. 1(str.3094-3111)\r\n[35] Kandil, M., (2004). Exchange Rate Fluctuations And Economic Activity In Developing Countries: Theory And Evidence, Journal of Economic Development, Chung-AngUnviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 29(1), 85-108.\r\n[36] Kasman, A., Kasman, S. (2005). Exchange Rate Uncertainty in Turkey and its Impact on Export Volume, METU Studies in Development, 32 (June), 2005, 41-58\r\n[37] Lipsey, R. G., Chrystal, K. A., &amp;Lipsey, R. G. (1999). Principles of economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[38] Mao, R. (2019). Exchange rate effects on agricultural exports. China Agricultural Economic Review, 11(4), 600\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/caer-12-2017-0232\r\n[39] Mankiw, G. (2009). Macroeconomics, 7th edn, New York: Worth.\r\n[40] Mordi, C.N. (2006). Challenges of exchange rate volatility in economic management in Nigeria. IBullion, 30(3). July \u2013 Sept\r\n[41] Obeng, C. K. (n.d.). Department of Economics University of Cape Coast Cape Coast, Ghana Email\u202f: cobeng@ucc.edu.gh Alternative email\u202f: camaraobeng@yahoo.co.uk.\r\n[42] Ogundipe, A., Osabuohien, E., Olugbire, O. O., Adeniran, O. A., Bolaji-Olutunji, K. A., Awodele, O. D., &amp; Aduradola, O. (2013). Agricultural Exports and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980 \u2013 2010). Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, .4(16), 1-4.\r\n[43] Oji-Okoro, I., 2011, Analysis of the contribution of agricultural sector on the Nigerian economic development, World Review of Business Research, 1(1), 191 \u2013 200.\r\n[44] Oladipo, O.A., Iyoha, F., Fakile, A., Asaleye, A.J., &amp; Eluyela, D.F. (2019). Tax revenue and agricultural performance: Evidence from Nigeria. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(3), 342-349. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21511\/ppm.17(3).2019.27.\r\n[45] Oladipo, O., Nwanji, T., Eluyela, D., Godo, B., &amp; Adegboyegun, A. (2022). Impact of tax fairness and tax knowledge on tax compliance behaviour of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(1), 41-48. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21511\/ppm.20(1).2022.04.\r\n[46] Oliaemeka, L. (2017). International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD ) Effect of Foreign ign Exchange Rate Fluctuations on n Nigerian Economy. 1558\u20131568.\r\n[47] Olufayo, M.B. and Babafemi, F. (2014) Exchange Rate Volatility and Sectoral Export of Nigeria: Case of Oil and Non-Oil Sectors, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(10), 66-75.\r\n[48] Onunze M. T. (2012). The Impact of Agricultural Development on Nigeria Economic Growth (1980-2010). Research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science degree in economics. Department of economics. Caritas University Amorji Nike, Enugu.\r\n[49] Orden, D. (1986). Public Policy, the Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Exports: Discussion. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(2), 443\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1241461\r\n[50] Oye, O.O., Lawal, A.I., Eneogu, A. &amp; IseOlorunkanmi, J., (2018). Does Exchange Rate Devaluation Affect Agricultural Output? Evidence from Nigeria. Binus Business Review, 9(2), pp.115-123.\r\n[51] Ozturk, I., &amp; Acaravci, A. (2009). Exchange rate volatility and exports in Turkey. International Journal of Economic Research, 6(2), 269\u2013277.\r\n[52] Rahman, S., &amp; Serletis, A. (2009). The effects of exchange rate uncertainty on exports. Journal of Macroeconomics, 31(3), 500\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmacro.2008.12.005\r\n[53] Saat\u00e7ioglu, C., Karaca, O. (2004). The Impact of Exchange Rate UncertaintyOn Exports: The Case of TurkeyJ. DogusUnive., 5(2): 183-195 (In Turkish)\r\n[54] Tarawalie, A.B., Sissoho, M., Conte, M.,&amp; Ahortor, C., R. (2013).Export performance and exchange rate volatility: Evidence from the WAMZ.(Occasional paper series, 1(5). West African Monetary Institute (WAMI)\r\n[55] Tchokote, J., Uche, M. E. &amp;Agboola, Y. H. (2015). Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Net-Export in Selected West African Countries.AshEse Journal of Economics Vol. 1(4), 057-073. The University of Sheffield Department of Economics HerrymanMoono Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on Trade Performance The Case for Zambia-South Africa Bilateral Trade HerrymanMoono Abstract. (2010). August, 1\u201341.\r\n[56] Tomlin, B. (2014). Exchange ratefluctuations, plant turnover and productivity. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 35(July), 12-28\r\n[57] Tule, M.K. (2015). Crude Oil Price Volatility: Implications for External Reserves and Exchange Rate Management in Nigeria. Bullion Published by Central Bank of Nigeria. 39(3), 3\r\n[58] Udoh, F. (2000). Fundamentals of agricultural science for schools and colleges. Ibadan: Rasmed. [Google Scholar]\r\n[59] Ufoeze C., Okuma A., &amp;NwakobyA. (2017).The impact of foreign exchange rate variations on the Nigerian economy. 31, 500\u2013507.\r\n[60] Yakub, J. O. (2010). Exchange Rate Changes and Output Performance in Nigeria: A sectoral Analysis, Journal of Social Sciences, Pakistan, 7(5), 380-387.\r\n[61] Yanikkaya, H., Kaya, H., &amp; Kocturk, O.M. (2013). The Effect of Real Exchange Rates and their Volatility on the Selected Agricultural Commodity Exports: A case study on Turkey, Journal of Agricultural Economics, Czech 59(5), 235-245.\r\n[62] Yougbar\u00e9, L. (2008). Exchange Rate Regimes, Growth and Volatility: an Empirical Reappraisal. Centre for Studies and Research on International Development (CERDI) \u2013CNRS and Universtity of Auvergne, France.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Joseph Olufemi OGUNJOBI, Olufemi Adebayo OLADIPO (PhD), Oluwasegun ESEYIN, Olaoluwa OPAOLA, Ishola James ARANSIOLA (PhD) , &#8220;Exchange Rate and Agricultural Exports: Evidence From Nigeria (1981-2019)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.89-101 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9410<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/89-101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exchange-rate-and-agricultural-exports-evidence-from-nigeria-1981-2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Exchange Rate and Agricultural Exports: Evidence From Nigeria (1981-2019)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f1a64 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8f1a64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f1b30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f1b30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8f1cd4\" data-id=\"e8f1cd4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f1df4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8f1df4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Paninjauan Ecopark: Ecopark as An Offer of Academic Concept based on Muhammadiyah\u2019s Approach<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Dr. Zalzulifa, M.Pd, Anggun Gunawan, S.Fil., M.A., Ismayasin, S.T. April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 102-109<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f1e92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f1e92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8f2019\" data-id=\"e8f2019\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f2143 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8f2143\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Paninjauan is one of the villages included in the X Koto sub-district, which is the westernmost sub-district of the Tanah Datar Regency, which borders Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia with beautiful views leading to Singkarak Lake which is the second largest lake on Sumatra Island. . On November 21, 2021, the Muhammadiyah Paninjauan Branch Leader was given the mandate of a 5 ha waqf land by the local Walinagari. The land is planned for the development of a natural environment of green open space in the form of an ecopark in collaboration with a Muhammadiyah university which has a Faculty of Tourism and\/or Creative Economy. The method used in this research is a literature review by taking the views of Mousa Shakeri, et al (Professor of Iranian Architecture) regarding Eco-Park Design and Dimitrios Diamantis (researcher at Les Roches Management School, Tourism Research Center, Switzerland) related to the concept of ecotourism which is then combined with the mission and vision of the Faculty of Tourism and Creative Economy which is owned by Muhammadiyah. The concept offered for the Ecopark Review is EDIBRACONEMS (Educatings | Innovatings | Bridgings | Brandings | Actuatings | Collaboratings | Networkings I Modelings I Servings) which is an ecopark in the format of a tourist village with the establishment of a series of educational institutions (schools of nature) based on the creative economy to produce various innovations in 16 sub-sectors of the creative economy, placing Muhammadiyah universities as consultants and facilitators as well as collaborators for learning forums for students of the Faculty of Tourism and Creative Economy of Muhammadiyah Higher Education, where local communities get a central place through PAIYO Brand which has 12 business channel as a facility that can be enjoyed by the ecopark visitors.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 102-109\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 May 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Zalzulifa, M.Pd<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPolimedia\/Dean of Tourism and Creative Industry Faculty,\r\nTangerang Muhammadiyah University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anggun Gunawan, S.Fil., M.A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, State Polytechnic of Creative Media, Jakarta\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ismayasin, S.T.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nArchitect PT. Urbane Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agusta, Putri Dirgania. 2012. Taman Kota Aktif yang Ekologis. Mata kuliah seminar. Program studi arsitektur. Fakultas teknik. Universitas Tanjungpura. Pontianak\r\n[2] Andi. 23 November 2020. Jaringan Wisata, Upaya untuk Memperkuat Pilar Ekonomi Muhammadiyah. Jakarta: Muhammadiyah. Diakses dari https:\/\/muhammadiyah.or.id\/jaringan-wisata-upaya-untuk-memperkuat-pilar-ekonomi-muhammadiyah\/ pada 20 Februari 2022.\r\n[3] Diamantis, Dimitrios. 2010. The Concept of Ecotourism: Evolution and Trends. Current Issues in Tourism 2(2):93-122. DOI:10.1080\/13683509908667847. Available online at https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/261641090_The_Concept_of_Ecotourism_Evolution_and_Trends.\r\n[4] Fakultas Pariwisata UMSB. 22 Juni 2021. Visi dan Misi. Diakses dari https:\/\/pariwisata.umsb.ac.id\/berita\/info\/135-visi-dan-misi pada 10 Maret 2022.\r\n[5] Florida, Richard. 2014. The Rise of the Creative Class. Basic Books.\r\n[6] Frick, Heinz. 2002. Dasar-dasar eko arsitektur. Kanisius. Yogyakarta\r\n[7] Frick, Heinz. 2005. Arsitektur ekologis. Kanisius. Yogyakarta\r\n[8] Frick, Heinz. 2009. Arsitektur dan lingkungan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta\r\n[9] Hakim, Rustam. 2003. Komponen perancangan arsitekur lansekap. Bumi aksara. Jakarta\r\n[10] JWM. 2022. About Us. Diakses dari https:\/\/wisatamu.id\/d41d8-about-us\/ pada 9 Maret 2022\r\n[11] Mathilde Le Tellier, Lamia Berrah, Vincent Cliville, Beno\u00eet Stutz, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Audy, et al.. Definition of the ecopark\u2019s multi-criteria decision-making problems and their challenges. 89th meeting of the EURO Working Group in Multi Criteria Decision Aiding (EWG-MCDA), Apr 2019, Trento, Italy. ffhal-02111473f\r\n[12] Mulyandari, Hestin. 2010. Pengantar asitektur kota. Andi. Yogyakarta.\r\n[13] Parinkraf UMT. 20 Mei 2017. Sejarah. Diakses dari https:\/\/parinkrafumt.ac.id\/sejarah pada 16 Maret 2022.\r\n[14] Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 05\/PRT\/M\/2008 tentang Pedoman Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Perkotaan.\r\n[15] Putri, Dinni Jannatul. 7 April 2021. Pesona Alam Wisata Danau Singkarak. Padang: Suara Kampus. Diakses dari https:\/\/suarakampus.com\/pesona-alam-wisata-danau-singkarak\/ pada 18 Maret 2022.\r\n[16] Rahmi, Dwita Hadi. 1999. Perancangan Kota Ekologi. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta\r\n[17] Rahmi, Utari Azalika, et al. 2019. KECAMATAN X KOTO DIATAS DALAM ANGKA 2019. Solok: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Solok\r\n[18] Shakeri, Mousa, et al. 2010. A Pattern of Eco-park Design: Case of Beshghardash Region in Bojnourd, Iran. Proceedings SB10 Amman: Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development, held on 12-14 July 2010 in Amman, Jordan (Volume III)\r\n[19] Ribas. 17 Februari 2021. Wakaf Tunai untuk Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Umat. Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah. Diakses dari https:\/\/suaramuhammadiyah.id\/2021\/02\/17\/wakaf-tunai-untuk-pemberdayaan-dan-kesejahteraan-umat\/ pada 1 Maret 2022.\r\n[20] Stephen. 1992. Public Space. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge Departemen Hukum dan Ham. 2007.\r\n[21] Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang. Departemen Hukum dan HAM. Jakarta\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Dr. Zalzulifa, M.Pd, Anggun Gunawan, S.Fil., M.A., Ismayasin, S.T., &#8220;Paninjauan Ecopark: Ecopark as An Offer of Academic Concept based on Muhammadiyah\u2019s Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.102-109 April 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/102-109.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/102-109.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/paninjauan-ecopark-ecopark-as-an-offer-of-academic-concept-based-on-muhammadiyahs-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Paninjauan Ecopark: Ecopark as An Offer of Academic Concept based on Muhammadiyah\u2019s Approach<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f2ebd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e8f2ebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f2f99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f2f99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8f3140\" data-id=\"e8f3140\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f3277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8f3277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation and Optimization of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Enhanced Bread Produced From Wheat Flour and Chemically Modified African Yam Bean and Cassava Starches<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Elemuo, Godswill Kodili; Obasi, Nneoma Elechi April 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 110-123<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8f3319 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8f3319\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8f34b6\" data-id=\"e8f34b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8f35e7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e8f35e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2441\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2441\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Composite breads were made by supplementing wheat flour with chemically modified African yam bean and cassava starches after the flour \u2013 starch blends were produced from the cleaned seeds and roots using hammer milling system. Three mixture components were obtained from the D-optimal mixture design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The physical and sensory properties of the bread was determined and subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) using cubic models to generate the regression equations from the experimental values. The linear, binary and ternary effects of the dependent responses and their interactions was generated and graphically represented using 3D response surface plots. The developed models were tested for adequacy and validated using criterion at p&lt;0.05, non significant (p&gt;0.05) lack-of-fit (LoF), &gt;0.7 adjusted R2 and &gt;4 adequate precision to confirm adequate model signals. The numerical optimization outcomes had the desirability value of 0.86 depicting the ideal value. The optimized values for the optimum blends selected were 80.15 g wheat flour, 11.23 g African yam bean starch and 8.53 g cassava starch which will give the best composite flour -starch blends for enhanced bread products. The optimization was confirmed by performing confirmatory runs determining the 95 % confidence levels of the blends. The D \u2013 optimal mixture design of response surface methodology with three experimental components was adequate (propagated the design space) in evaluating and optimizing of the dependent responses tested; bread height, oven spring, loaf weight, loaf volume, specific volume and bulk density, appearance, crumb and crust, taste, aroma and acceptability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 110-123\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 May 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9411<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2442\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2442\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elemuo, Godswill Kodili <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obasi, Nneoma Elechi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State. Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2443\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2443\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Akpa, J. G. &amp; Dagde, K. K. (2012). Modification of Cassava Starch for Industrial Uses. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2 (2): 3-10\r\n[2] AOAC (2005). Association of Official and Analytical Chemists. 19th Edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C. USA.\r\n[3] Araki, E., Ikeda, M.T., Ashida, K., Tanaka, K., Yanaka, M. &amp; Iida, S. (2009). Effects of rice flour properties on specific loaf volume of one-loaf bread made from rice flour with wheat vital gluten. 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(1977), Cassava Processing, FAO Plant Production and Protection Series No. 3, 2.\r\n[10] Huber, K.C. &amp; BeMiller, J.N. (2010). Modified starch: Chemistry and properties. In: Bertolini AC (ed) Starches: Characterization, Properties and Applications. CRC Press, Florida, pp.145-203.\r\n[11] Keswet, L. M., Ayo, J. A. &amp; Bello, C. B. (2003). The Effect of Four Nigerian Wheat Flours on the Loaf Volume and Sensory Quality of bread. Nutrition and Food Science., 33 (1): 34 \u2013 37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00346650310459554\r\n[12] Lagrain, B., Wilderjans, E., Glorieux, C. &amp; Delcour, J.A. (2013). Role of Gluten and Starch in Crumb Structure and Texture of Fresh and Stored Straight Dough Bread. Inside Food Symposium, 9-12 April, Leuven, Belgium.\r\n[13] Makinde, F. M. &amp; Akinoso, R. (2014). Physical, nutritional and sensory qualities of bread samples made with wheat and black sesame (Sesamum indicum Linn) flours. International Food Research Journal 21(4): 1635-1640.\r\n[14] Miyazaki, M., Maeda, T. &amp; Morita, N. (2008). Bread quality of frozen dough substituted with modified tapioca starches. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 227:503-509.\r\n[15] Moorthy, S. N., Wenhem, J. P. &amp; Blanshard, J. M. V. (1996). Effects of solvent extraction on the gelatinization properties of flour and starch of five cassava varieties, Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 72, 329-336.\r\n[16] Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., &amp; Anderson-Cook, C.M. (2009). Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments. (4th edition) New York, USA, John Wiley &amp; Sons\r\n[17] Ndife, J., Abdulraheem, L.O. &amp; Zakari, U.M. (2011). Evaluation of the nutritional and sensory quality of functional breads produced from whole wheat and soya bean flour blends. African Journal of Food Science 5(8): 466 \u2013 472.\r\n[18] Oluwale, B.A., Ilori, M.O., Ayeni, Y. &amp; Ogunjemilua, E.M. (2018). Assessment of Cassava Composite Flour Inclusion in Bread Production in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Food Processing &amp; Technology 9(11): 760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2157-7110.1000760\r\n[19] Onoja, U.S., Akubor, P.I., Njoku, I., Atama, C.I., Onyishi, G.C., Ekeh, F.N., Eyo, J.E. &amp; Ejere, V.C. (2014). Nutritional composition, functional properties and sensory evaluation of breads based on blends of \u2018orarudi\u2019 (Vigna spp.) and wheat flour. Academic Journals, 9 (24): 1119 \u2013 1026.\r\n[20] Onyekwere, O. O. (1977). Current Situations of Bread Baking Industries in Nigeria, Proceedings of the Launching and First Annual Conference of Nigeria Institute of Food Science and Technology, 5 May, Lagos.\r\n[21] Rao, H.P. &amp; Hemamalini, R. (1991). Effect of incorporating wheat bran on rheological characteristics and bread making quality of flour. Journal of Food Science and Technology 28: 92-97.\r\n[22] Sathe, S.K. &amp; Salunkhe, D.K. (1981). Isolation, partial characterization and modification of the Northern bean (Phaseous vulgarris L.) starch. Journal of Food Science. 46: 617-621.\r\n[23] Singh, J. Kaur, L. &amp; McCarthy, O.J. (2007). Factors Influencing the Physicochemical, Morphological, Thermal and Rheological Properties of some Chemically Modified Starches for Food Applications \u2013 A Review. Food Hydrocolloid. 21:1-22.\r\n[24] Uguru, M.I., &amp; Madukaife, S.O. (2001). Studies on the variability in agronomic and nutritive characteristics of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst ex. A. Rich. Harms). Plant Production and Research Journal 6: 10-19.\r\n[25] Vining, G. G., Cornell, J. A., &amp; Myers, R. H. (1993). A graphical approach for evaluating mixture designs. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied Statistics, 42(1): 127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2347415\r\n[26] Yeo, L.L. &amp; Seib, P.A. (2009). White pan bread and sugar-snap cookies containing wheat starch phosphate, a cross-linked resistant starch. Cereal Chem. 86:210-220.\r\n[27] Yue, P., Hetharachy, N. &amp; D\u2019Appolonia, B.L. (1991). Native and succinylated sunflower proteins use in bread making. Journal of Food Science 56: 992 \u2013 998\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2444\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2444\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Elemuo, Godswill Kodili; Obasi, Nneoma Elechi, &#8220;Evaluation and Optimization of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Enhanced Bread Produced From Wheat Flour and Chemically Modified African Yam Bean and Cassava Starches&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 4, pp.110-123 April 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9411<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2445\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2445\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-4\/110-123.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2446\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2446\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-and-optimization-of-the-physical-and-sensory-properties-of-enhanced-bread-produced-from-wheat-flour-and-chemically-modified-african-yam-bean-and-cassava-starches\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluation and Optimization of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Enhanced Bread Produced From Wheat Flour and Chemically Modified African Yam Bean and Cassava Starches<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e900102 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e900102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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