{"id":4272,"date":"2022-05-28T07:26:09","date_gmt":"2022-05-28T07:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=4272"},"modified":"2022-08-09T09:59:06","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T09:59:06","slug":"volume-ix-issue-v","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-ix-issue-v\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume IX Issue V"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4272\" class=\"elementor elementor-4272 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4d6d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4d6d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4d7035\" data-id=\"e4d7035\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4d71b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4d71b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Public Private Partnership in Tourism Development at Timor Tengah Selatan Regency<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Frans Gana, Elly Lay, Fred Dethan, Antonius Talupopo May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 01-08<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4d729f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4d729f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4d74a6\" data-id=\"e4d74a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4d7691 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4d7691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to describe the public private partnership model in tourism development in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regency. The research approach using qualitative methods, with documentation, observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review techniques. The research findings show that the tourism development policy of the Timor Tengah Sealatan\r\nRegency is realized in the form of the TTS Regency Regulation Number 3 of 2018 concerning the South Timor Regency Tourism Development Master Plan. Empirical facts show that there are external dynamics in the form of conflicts of interest and internal dynamics of the bureaucracy in tourism development in TTS Regency. Public private partnerships in tourism development in TTS Regency are mainly still dominated by the government, where partnerships with the private sector are based on an explicit written contractual mechanism, while partnerships with the community are more prominent using implicit contractual mechanisms on the basis of trust according to the context of the local community. It is necessary to develop a public private partnership pilot project in tourism development that refers to Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2018. The implication of this research is that public private partnership which refers to the concept of new public management theory on the basis of a combination of administration, management, law and economic theories, for example, must be based on also on social capital as local wisdom and value systems that develop in the community according to the context such as meup tabua and nekmese as they live and develop in the TTS community.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-08\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 May 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9501<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Frans Gana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elly Lay<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fred Dethan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Antonius Talupopo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Biljana Rc., and Tamara R., 2011., Public-Private Partnership as an Instrument of New\r\n[2] Central Statistics Agency (BPS) TTS Regency in Figures, 2019\r\n[3] Christie, Ian T, and Crompton, D. Elizabeth., 2003, Republic of Madagascar: Tourism Sector Study, Africa Region Working paper series no. 63. World Bank, Washington, DC.\r\n[4] Dias, Ch, V., 2014, Public Private Partnership \u2013 An Opportunity For GOA\r\n[5] Tourism Office (unpublished document)., 2022, Tourist Visit Report and Local Revenue\r\n[6] Djabbari, MH, Alwi, Saddam Husain T., 2021, Implementation of Public Private Partnership in Tourism Development in North Toraja Regency, Journal of Policy Analysis and Public Service JAKPP, journal.unhas.ac.id\/index.php.\/jakpp, Volume 7 No.1, June 2021\r\n[7] Fanggidae, A.H.J., 2016, Ecotourism Corridor Development Based on Regional Strategic Potential in Rote Ndao Regency, Journal Of Management (SME&#8217;s) Vol.3. No.2. 2016. p237- 261\r\n[8] Fanggidae, A.H.J., 2018, Tourism Industry Strategy in Increasing Tourist Visits in East Nusa Tenggara, Journal Of Management (SME&#8217;s) Vol.7. No.2. 2018. p287- 300\r\n[9] Gamal, S., 2004, Fundamentals of Tourism, Andi Yogyakarta Publisher\r\n[10] Gana, F., 2015, A Model-Ecotourism Development Based on Regional Strategic Potential: A Case Study In Rote Ndao East Nusa Tenggara, International Journal of Business, Management and Economic Research, ISSN 2349 \u2013 2333 Volume 2, Number 1 (2015) , pp.39 \u2013 64, http:\/\/www.irphouse.com\r\n[11] Graci, S., 2013, Collaboration and Partnership Development for Sustainable Tourism, Tourism\r\n[12] Ikram, M., 2018, Public Private Partnership in Tourism Potential Development in Kuantan Singingi Regency 2011 \u2013 2015, JOM FISIP Vol.5 No.1 \u2013 April 2018\r\n[13] Kriswibowo, Arimurti, Eko Arum Pramestya, Khusnul Prasetyo (2020)., Implementation of Public Private Partnership in Development of Tourism in Sumenep District, Scientific Journal of Public Administration:\r\n[14] Lay, E., Fred M. Dethan., Erna Giri and Frengky Dupe., Determinants of Revisit Intention, Study on Local Tourist at Timor Tengah Selatan Regency, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) Volume VIII, Issue XII, December 2021\/ISSN 2321 \u2013 2705\r\n[15] Muntasib, E.K.S, Arzyana Sunkar, and Resti Melani., 2017, Community Social Capital In Ecotourism\r\n[16] UU no. 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism as a revision of Law no. 9 of 1990 Tourism\r\n[17] marine. P. 2009. Public Private Partnership for Urban Utilities: Review of Experience of Developing Countries. The World Bank. Washington DC.\r\n[18] Mulyani, S., 2021., Critical Success Factor in Public-Private Partnership, Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business \u2013 Vo.4, No.1, 2021\r\n[19] Sunaryo, B., 2013, Tourism Destination Development Policy Concepts and Applications in Indonesia, Gava Media, Yogyakarta.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Frans Gana, Elly Lay, Fred Dethan, Antonius Talupopo, &#8220;Public Private Partnership in Tourism Development at Timor Tengah Selatan Regency&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.01-08 May 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9501<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/01-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/public-private-partnership-in-tourism-development-at-timor-tengah-selatan-regency\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Public Private Partnership in Tourism Development at Timor Tengah Selatan Regency<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4d8691 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4d8691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4d876d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4d876d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4d890b\" data-id=\"e4d890b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4d8a80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4d8a80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development of a Four-Row Tractor Mounted Soybean Planter<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong> Hammanadama Faruk Abubakar, Maiwada Liman Suleiman, Aminu Saleh May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 09-14<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4d8b2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4d8b2d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4d8cb2\" data-id=\"e4d8cb2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4d8e2b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4d8e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The traditional method of planting soybean in Nigeria does not result in obtaining maximum yield of the crop per hectare. This is due to either incorrect number of plants per stand, incorrect plant to plant spacing or incorrect row to row spacing. This research work was embarked upon to develop a Four-Row Tractor Mounted Soybean Planter. The planter was designed, fabricated and evaluated in Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, during 2021 raining session. The planter has the functional units of four hoppers, four seed metering units, four delivery chutes, four furrow openers, and four soil covering devices. The developed planter was evaluated in both laboratory and in the field in terms of planting speed, seedling emergence, plant-to-plant spacing, seed delivery rate, number of seeds per hole and percent seed damage. The laboratory test of the planter shows that it delivered one (1) single seed per hole of TGX 1951-3F variety of soybeans and two (2) seeds per hole of TGX1448-2F varieties of soybeans respectively. The plant to plant spacing average was 5.7 cm within row, and 50 between rows. The results obtained also showed that the seed delivery rate was 48.2kg\/ha, field efficiency of 75.5%, effective field capacity of 0.792 ha\/ha while the tractor was powered with 50 hp tractor (EICHER 5660). We conclude that the planter was able to satisfy the agronomic requirements for soybean planting, and thus will relieve medium scale farmers of the rigors involved in soybean planting.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 09-14\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hammanadama Faruk Abubakar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamawa State Polytechnic, Yola, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maiwada Liman Suleiman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAhmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aminu Saleh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAhmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Alhassan, E. A., &amp; Adewumi, A. (2018). Development of a self-propelled multi-crop two rows precision planter\u202f: a new design concept for the design of planter.October, 2018. Page 349-358\r\n[2] Ani OAB, Uzoejinwa B &amp; Anochili N.F.(2016). Design, construction and evaluation of a vertical plate maize seed planter for gardens and small holder farmers. Nig. J. Techn. (NIJOTECH), 35(3) page: 647 \u2013 655.\r\n[3] Biam, C. K., &amp; Tsue, P. T. (2013). Profitability of Soyabean Production by Small Holder Farmers in Nigeria\u202f: A Guide for Sustainable Food Security .5(30), page:89\u201397.\r\n[4] Bamgboye, A., and Mofolasayo A..(2006). Performance evaluation of a tomorrow okra planter. CIGR Journal. Manuscript PM 06 002. Vol. VIII. July, 2006.\r\n[5] Celik A, Ozturk I and Way T R (2007) Effects of various planters on emergence and seed distribution uniformity of sunflower. App Engg Agri 23 (1) page:57-61.\r\n[6] Dugje IY, Omoigui LO, Ekeleme F, Bandyopadhya R, Lava Kumar P &amp; Kamara AY 2009. Farmers\u2019 Guide to Soybean Production in Northern Nigeria. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, page: 21.\r\n[7] Foods and Agricultural Organization (FAO) (1994). Testing and evaluation of agricultural machinery and equipment: Principles and practices; FAO Agaric Services Bulletin 110: page: 150-169.\r\n[8] Gupta, C. P. and TotokHerwanto.1992.\u201d Design and development of a direct paddy seeder. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Vol.23, No. L, Page: 23-27.\r\n[9] Hall A. S, Hollwen KOA &amp; Laughum H (1980). Schaum\u2019s outline of theory and Problem of machine design. Metricselection. McGrac-Hill Books Company. New York, USA. Page 112.\r\n[10] Ibukun B. I., Agidi G, and Ligwuoke 1.C., (2014) Design and fabrication of a single row maize planter for garden use.Journal ofadvancement in engineering and technology, (2): 1 -7\r\n[11] Ikechukwu IB, Agidi G &amp; Ikechukwu C.U (2014). Design and fabrication of a single row maize planter for garden use. J. Advan. in Engr. Techn., 1(2): 1-7.\r\n[12] Isiaka M., Suleiman M. L, El-Okene A. M. I. and Muhammad U. S (2001). Development of two-row animal drawn seed planter; Savannah Journal of Agric. Mechanization 2(1) page 25\r\n[13] Kalay Khan. Moses S. C, Ashok Kumar. (2015) The Design and Fabrication of a Manually Operated Single Row Multi -Crops Planter, IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary science (IOSR-JAYS), 8(1.0): page I47-I58\r\n[14] Karayel D. WiesehoffM, Ozmerzi A, Miiller J(2006). Laboratory measurement of seed drill seed spacing and velocity of fall of seeds using high-speed camera system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture; 50(2): &#8217;89-96.\r\n[15] Khurmi. R. S. and Gupta. J. K(2005) &#8220;A Textbook of Machine Design &#8221; 14th. revised edition. Chapters 2, 14 and 18. S. Chand &amp; Company Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110055, pp. 434-960\r\n[16] Maduako J. N and Hannan M. (2004) Determination of some physical properties of three groundnut varieties, Nigerian Journal of Technology. 24(2):12-18\r\n[17] Muhammad, G. (2010) Landslide susceptibility mapping to inform land use management decision in an altered climate. MSc. Thesis submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, U. S. A page 21.\r\n[18] Murray. J. R., Tullberg, N.J., and Basnet, B. B.(2010), &#8220;Planters and their components; types, attributes, functional requirements, classification and description,&#8221; Australian center for international agricultural research (ACIAR) monograph 121. 200\r\n[19] N.C.R.P.S (1988): National Coordinated Research Project on soybean, Proceedings of 8th Annual National soybean Conference at Makurdi, Nigeria. Page 55.\r\n[20] Olajide O. G &amp; Manuwa S. I( 2014). Design, fabrication and testing of a low-cost row-crop planter for peasant farmers. Proceedings of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation (ISTRO) Nigeria Symposium, Akure 2014 November 3 &#8211; 6, Akure, Nigeria, pp. 94\u2013100.\r\n[21] Soyoye B. 0..Ademosun .O. C., and Olu-Ojo E,.O.. (2016)&#8217;.Manually operated vertical seed- plate maize planter. Agricultural Engineering International :CIGR Journal. 18( I4);70-80\r\n[22] Ugwuoke, I. C..Gbabo .A, and Ikechukwu 1. B. (2014). Design and fabrication of a single row maize planter for garden use,.Journal of Advancement in Engineering and Technology, Volume 1. ISSN-.2348-2931\r\n[23] Wahab MA, Mondal MRI, Akbar MA, Begum F. (2002). Status of oil crop production in Bangladesh. Oilseed Res. Cen. BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Hammanadama Faruk Abubakar, Maiwada Liman Suleiman, Aminu Saleh, &#8220;Development of a Four-Row Tractor Mounted Soybean Planter&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.09-14 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/09-14.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/09-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/development-of-a-four-row-tractor-mounted-soybean-planter\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Development of a Four-Row Tractor Mounted Soybean Planter<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4d9cf4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4d9cf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4d9de3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4d9de3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4d9f60\" data-id=\"e4d9f60\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4da08c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4da08c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Wave Modes in Coronal Loops<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Chuwudi F. Asara, Chigozie Israel-Cookey, Mathew A. Alabraba, Onengiyeofori A. Davies May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 15-21<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4da140 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4da140\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4da2c3\" data-id=\"e4da2c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4da3f3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4da3f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In this research work, we present results of modelling the vertical displacement and velocity of the standing MHD wave modes in coronal loop using Euler-Cauchy\u2019s numerical solution to differential equation solver by the application of JavaScript code. The result of the JavaScript code was plotted which shows a vertical displacement and time characteristics and also velocity and time characteristics of MHD wave modes. These characteristics led to the identification of three MHD wave modes, which are; Kink (or transverse) wave mode, sausage wave mode and torsional (or Alfven) wave mode and their role to coronal heating. The vertical displacements and velocities of these identified MHD wave modes in the coronal loop are indicative of an increase in the amplitudes of the wave modes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 15-21\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chuwudi F. Asara<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhysics Department, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chigozie Israel-Cookey<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhysics Department, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mathew A. Alabraba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhysics Department, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onengiyeofori A. Davies<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhysics Department, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Alan Stern, S., The Evolution of Comets in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt. Nature, 2003. 424(6949): p. 639-642.\r\n[2] Cameron, A., Origin of the solar system. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1988. 26(1): p. 441-472.\r\n[3] Moldwin, M., An Introduction to Space Weather. Vol. 1. 2008: Cambridge University Press Cambridge.\r\n[4] Priest, E., Magnetohydrodynamics of the Sun. 2014: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[5] McComas, D., M. Velli, W. Lewis, L. Acton, M. Balat\u2010Pichelin, V. Bothmer, R. Dirling Jr, W. Feldman, G. Gloeckler, and S. Habbal, Understanding Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration: Case for in Situ Near\u2010Sun Measurements. Reviews of Geophysics, 2007. 45(1): p. 1-26.\r\n[6] Mobberley, M., Probing the Mysteries of Our Nearest Star, in Space Exploration 2008. 2008, Springer. p. 140-149.\r\n[7] Hansteen, V.H., H. Hara, B. De Pontieu, and M. Carlsson, On Redshifts and Blueshifts in the Transition Region and Corona. The Astrophysical Journal, 2010. 718(2): p. 1070.\r\n[8] Testa, P., B. De Pontieu, J. Allred, M. Carlsson, F. Reale, A. Daw, V. Hansteen, J. Martinez-Sykora, W. Liu, and E. DeLuca, Evidence of Nonthermal Particles in Coronal Loops Heated Impulsively by Nanoflares. Science, 2014. 346(6207): p. 1255724.\r\n[9] Pasachoff, J.M., Scientific Observations at Total Solar Eclipses. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2009. 9(6): p. 613-634.\r\n[10] Aschwanden, M., Physics of the Solar Corona: An Introduction with Problems and Solutions. 2006: Springer Science &amp; Business Media.\r\n[11] Aschwanden, M., Physics of the Solar Corona. An Introduction. 2004, Praxis Publishing Ltd.\r\n[12] Hood, A.W., J. Ireland, and E.R. Priest, Heating of Coronal Holes by Phase Mixing. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1997. 318: p. 957-962.\r\n[13] Athay, R.G., The solar chromosphere and corona: Quiet Sun. Vol. 53. 2012: Springer Science &amp; Business Media.\r\n[14] Sun, X., J.T. Hoeksema, Y. Liu, T. Wiegelmann, K. Hayashi, Q. Chen, and J. Thalmann, Evolution of Magnetic Field and Energy in a Major Eruptive Active Region based on SDO\/HMI Observation. The Astrophysical Journal, 2012. 748(2): p. 77-93.\r\n[15] Van Ballegooijen, A., M. Asgari-Targhi, and M. Berger, On the Relationship between Photospheric Footpoint Motions and Coronal Heating in Solar Active Regions. The Astrophysical Journal, 2014. 787(1): p. 87-101.\r\n[16] NASA. Coronal Loops in an Active Region of the Sun. Solar Dynamics Observatory 2017 [cited 2022 21st March]; Available from: https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/content\/coronal-loops-in-an-active-region-of-the-sun.\r\n[17] Sturrock, P., Chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection and its Possible Relationship to Coronal Heating. The Astrophysical Journal, 1999. 521(1): p. 451-459.\r\n[18] Athay, R. and O. White, Chromospheric and Coronal Heating by Sound Waves. The Astrophysical Journal, 1978. 226: p. 1135-1139.\r\n[19] De Moortel, I. and A. Hood, The Damping of Slow MHD Waves in Solar Coronal Magnetic Fields. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2003. 408(2): p. 755-765.\r\n[20] Porter, L.J., J.A. Klimchuk, and P.A. Sturrock, The Possible Role of MHD Waves in Heating the Solar Corona. The Astrophysical Journal, 1994. 435: p. 482-501.\r\n[21] Gombosi, T.I., B. van der Holst, W.B. Manchester, and I.V. Sokolov, Extended MHD Modeling of the Steady Solar Corona and the Solar Wind. Living Reviews in Solar Physics, 2018. 15(1): p. 1-57.\r\n[22] Ebrahimi, Z., R. Soler, and K. Karami, Phase Mixing of Kink MHD Waves in the Solar Corona: Viscous Dissipation and Heating. The Astrophysical Journal, 2020. 893(2): p. 157-169.\r\n[23] Gombosi, T.I., G. T\u00f3th, D.L. De Zeeuw, K.C. Hansen, K. Kabin, and K.G. Powell, Semirelativistic Magnetohydrodynamics and Physics-Based Convergence Acceleration. Journal of Computational Physics, 2002. 177(1): p. 176-205.\r\n[24] Arregui, I. and M. Goossens, No unique solution to the seismological problem of standing kink magnetohydrodynamic waves. 2019. 622: p. A44.\r\n[25] Jess, D., R. Morton, G. Verth, V. Fedun, S. Grant, and I. Giagkiozis, Multiwavelength studies of MHD waves in the solar chromosphere. 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IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 2011. 11(1): p. 34-43.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chuwudi F. Asara, Chigozie Israel-Cookey, Mathew A. Alabraba, Onengiyeofori A. Davies, &#8220;Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Wave Modes in Coronal Loops&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.15-21 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/15-21.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/15-21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/magnetohydrodynamic-mhd-wave-modes-in-coronal-loops\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Wave Modes in Coronal Loops<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4db2fa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4db2fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4db3d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4db3d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4db588\" data-id=\"e4db588\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4db6dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4db6dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teachers\u2019 Experience and Motivation as Predictors of Students\u2019 Achievement and Interest in Mathematics in Delta North Senatorial District, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>OKOYE, N.S and TANIMOWO, R. I May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 22-29<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4db788 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4db788\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4db92c\" data-id=\"e4db92c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4dba6f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4dba6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined teachers\u2019 experience and motivation as predictors of students\u2019 academic achievement and interest in mathematics in Delta North Senatorial District. Two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses that guided the study were answered and tested, respectively. The study employed the correlational research design. Three research instruments which are the Teachers\u2019 Demographics and Motivational Level Questionnaire, Students\u2019 Interest Questionnaire and Students\u2019 Mathematics Achievement Score were used to collect the data analyzed for this study. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using, Canonical Correlation, Multiple Regression. The result obtained from the study revealed that Experience was found to be a significant predictor of students\u2019 academic achievement in mathematics, but did not significantly predict student interest in mathematics. Motivation was also, a significant predictor of academic achievement, but not a predictor of student interest. The combination of the teacher variables highly predicted student academic achievement in mathematics and explained a very large variance in the dependent variable with Motivation being a higher unique contributor in the variance explained than teachers\u2019 experience. The combination of the teachers\u2019 variables did not significantly predict students\u2019 Interest in mathematics. It was recommended that mathematics teachers that are experienced should be made to teach mathematics at the Senior Secondary level in schools and as much as possible, these teachers should be motivated (monetary and non-monetary) by their employers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 22-29\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 June 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9502<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OKOYE, N.S<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>TANIMOWO, R. I<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Anchor University, Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adeyemi, T. O. (2008). Teachers\u2019 teaching experience and students\u2019 learning outcomes in secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. Educational Research and Review, 3(6), 204-212.\r\n[2] Aina, J. K. &amp;Olanipekun, S. S. (2015). A review of teachers\u2019 qualifications and its implication on students\u2019 academic achievement in Nigerian schools. 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The influence of motivation of teachers\u2019 and their incentives in Akwa -Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Modern Management Sciences,2(2), 87-93.\r\n[18] Khayati, .S. &amp;Payan, .A. (2014). Effective factors increasing the students\u2019 interest in mathematics in the opinion of mathematics teachers of Zahedan. International Journal of Education and Pedagogical Science, 8(9), 3069- 3077\r\n[19] Male, L. (2009). The Perceived Teachers\u2019 Motivation and Its Effect On Students\u2019 Academic Performance At A\u2019 level In Selected Secondary Schools In Masaka District. (Masters\u2019 Dissertation). Makerere University. Retrieved from http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10570\/3676\r\n[20] Musa, M., &amp; Dauda, E.S. (2014). Trends analyses of students&#8217; mathematics performance in west African senior secondary examination from 2004 to 2013: implication for Nigeria&#8217;s vision 20:2020. British Journal of Education, 2(7), 50- 64.\r\n[21] Nigeria Educational Research and Development Council (1989). National Policy on Education. Lagos: NERDC Press.\r\n[22] Nordin, .A. (2007). Students\u2019 Perception on Teaching and Learning Mathematics in English. Retrieved from eprint.utm.my\/1507\/1\/KERTASINT.pdf\r\n[23] Ofoegbu, F. I. (2004) Teacher motivation: a factor for classroom effectiveness and school improvement in Nigeria. College Student Journal Publisher, 38(1), 81-89. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.freepatentsonline.com\/article\/College\u00acStudent-Journal\/115034778.html\r\n[24] Sawchuk, .S. (2015, March 24). New Studies find that for Teachers, Experience really does Matter. Education Week. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.edweek.org\/ew\/article\/2015\/03\/25\/new-studies-find-that-for-teachers-experience-really-does-matter.html\r\n[25] Shabeena, S., Nihhat, P., Noshaba, &amp;Sufiana, K.M. (2013). Motivational techniques for effective learning: A meta-analysis. Elixer International Journal, 64, 19170-19176.\r\n[26] Sherman, H.J., Richardson, L.I &amp; Yard, G.J (2014). Why do student struggle with mathematics? Retrieved from https:\/\/www.education.com\/reference\/article\/why-stuents-struggle-mathematics\/\r\n[27] Ugbouma, O.S. (2012). Students\u2019 preference of method of solving simultaneous equation. Global Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 129 \u2013 136.\r\n[28] Vansteenkiste, M., Sierens, E., Soenens, B., Luyck, K., &amp; Lens, W. (2009). Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 671\u2013688.\r\n[29] Yusuf, H.O &amp; Dada, A.A (2016). Impact of teachers\u2019 qualification and experience on the performance of students in colleges of education in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The Online Journal of Quality in Higher Education, 3(2), 52- 61.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">OKOYE, N.S and TANIMOWO, R. I, &#8220;Teachers\u2019 Experience and Motivation as Predictors of Students\u2019 Achievement and Interest in Mathematics in Delta North Senatorial District, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.22-29 May 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9502<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/22-29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teachers-experience-and-motivation-as-predictors-of-students-achievement-and-interest-in-mathematics-in-delta-north-senatorial-district-nigeria\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Teachers\u2019 Experience and Motivation as Predictors of Students\u2019 Achievement and Interest in Mathematics in Delta North Senatorial District, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4dc9ad elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4dc9ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4dca7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4dca7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4dcc7a\" data-id=\"e4dcc7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4dce35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4dce35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Leader Behaviour, Work Atmosphere, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Commitments in the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ahmad Hudi Yamin; Setiyawan Setiyawan May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 30-35<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4dceec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4dceec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4dd0ab\" data-id=\"e4dd0ab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4dd1e2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4dd1e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The success of the organization is determined by its employees\u2019 commitments. Employees with a strong affective commitment are motivated to achieve greater levels of job performance and make meaningful contributions to the firm. This study focused on the effect of leader behavior, work atmosphere, and job satisfaction on employee commitment in the secretariat of the regional House of Representatives in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. This study is quantitative approach and using explanatory research. Sample of this study is 28 employees. This research aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous influence as well as determine the dominant variable that influence the commitment of employees of the Secretariat of the Regional Representative Council of Pasuruan Regency. Based on this study, the conclusion obtained is that the normality test results are known that the data is distributed normally. This study found that leader behavior, work atmosphere, and job satisfaction simultaneously influence the employee commitment. Partially, only job satisfaction that influence the employee commitment. Both leader behavior and work atmosphere don\u2019t have effect on employee commitment. This study also found that job satisfaction as a dominant variable that influence employee commitment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 30-35\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 June 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9503<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ahmad Hudi Yamin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPostgraduate STIE Malangkucecwara Malang, East Java, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Setiyawan Setiyawan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPostgraduate STIE Malangkucecwara Malang, East Java, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Emmanuel Twumasi Ampofo. 2020. Mediation effects of job satisfaction and work engagement on the relationship between organisational embeddedness and affective commitment among frontline employees of star\u2013rated hotels in Accra. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44\r\n[2] Fullerton G. 2003. When Does Commitment Lead to Loyalty? Journal of Service Research. 5.\r\n[3] Gibson, J. L, Ivan, C &amp; Donelly, J. P (1996) Organisasi: Prilaku, Struktur, Proses. Edisi 8. Alih Bahasa: Agus Dharma. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta.\r\n[4] Heldjrahman, R &amp; Husnan, Suad (1994) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Penerbit BPFE. Jogyakarta.\r\n[5] Irma Oktarina, Ayi Ahadiat, &amp; RR.Erlina. 2020. The Effect of Job Satisfaction On Employee Commitment With Motivation As Moderating Variable. International Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 7 (8).\r\n[6] M Waris, A Khan, I Ismail, A Q Adeleke, &amp; S Panigrahi. 2018. Impact of leadership qualities on employee commitment in multi-project-based organizations. Earth and Environmental Science, 140.\r\n[7] Mangkunegara, A.A. Anwar Prabu, (2000) Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Organisasi. Penerbit Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung.\r\n[8] Mintzberg H. 2009. Managing. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.\r\n[9] Naser Valaei &amp; Sajad Rezaei. 2016. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment: an empirical investigation among ICTSMEs. Management Research Review, 39 (12).\r\n[10] Natalie J. Allen &amp; John P. Meyer. 1990. The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology. 63. Pp. 1-18.\r\n[11] Neeru Sharma &amp; Paul G. Patterson P G. 2000. Switching costs, alternative attractiveness and experience as moderators of relationship commitment in professional, consumer services. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 11 (5).\r\n[12] Swasto, Bambang (1996)Pengembangan Sumberdaya Manusia, Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja dan Imbalan. Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Malang.\r\n[13] Yasin, Aziz (1999)Pengaruh Timbal &#8211; Balik Antara Kepuasan Pegawaian dan Kepuasan keluarga. Tesis Publikasi. Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Gajahmada. Jogyakarta.\r\n[14] Yukl G A. 2013. Leadership in organization. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ahmad Hudi Yamin; Setiyawan Setiyawan, &#8220;The Influence of Leader Behaviour, Work Atmosphere, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Commitments in the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.30-35 May 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9503<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/30-35.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-leader-behaviour-work-atmosphere-and-job-satisfaction-on-employee-commitments-in-the-secretariat-of-the-regional-house-of-representatives\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Influence of Leader Behaviour, Work Atmosphere, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Commitments in the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4de02e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4de02e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4de101 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4de101\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4de2a6\" data-id=\"e4de2a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4de3f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4de3f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Boosting the Social Value of Mathematics Education: The way forward<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Abraham Gyamfi May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 36-39<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4de49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4de49a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4de61a\" data-id=\"e4de61a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4de75a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4de75a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Mathematics is a critical subject at the pre-tertiary level. Knowledge in mathematics is believed to be a key to solving societal problems. Many believe that the impact of mathematics is not felt in the society because there has not been much application of acquired knowledge in mathematics in solving societal problems. This paper seeks to throw more light on how to make education useful to society. Importance of mathematics education and the real problem of mathematics in respective to mathematics education as well as the way forward with mathematics education were highlighted.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 36-39\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abraham Gyamfi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nWesley College of Education, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Education\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Addai-Mununkum, R. (2020). Curriculum studies: Foundational issues. Accra: Sprint Publication Ltd.\r\n[2] Ainsworth, L., &amp; Viegut, D. (2006). Common formative assessments, How to connect standards-based instruction and assessment. Thousand Oaks, CA, Corwin\r\n[3] Alvior, M. G (2015). The meaning and importance of curriculum development. Curriculum and Instruction, Education, pp 158\r\n[4] Asamoah-Gyimah, K. &amp; Anane, E. (2018). Assessment in schools. Unpublished Menograph\r\n[5] Brennan, R. L. (Ed). (2006). Educational measurement (4th ed). USA: American Council on Education, Praeger Series on Education\r\n[6] California Department of Education (2013) Replace the proposed new California math curriculum framework. Open Letter to Governor Gavin Newsom, State Superintendent Tony Thurmond, the State Board of Education, and the Instructional Quality Commission\r\n[7] Crocker, L. &amp; Algina, J. (2008). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. USA: Lengage Learning\r\n[8] Gao, M. (2012) Classroom assessments in mathematics: High school students\u2019 perceptions International Journal of Business and Social Science,.3( 2), 63-74\r\n[9] Gyamfi, A. (2017). Impact of assessment as learning on academic achievement and attitudes towards mathematics of senior high school students in Ahanta west and Mpohor districts. Unpublished Masters\u2019 thesis.\r\n[10] Hibbard, K. M (2017). Performance-Based Learning and Assessment in middle school science., United Kingdom: Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd\r\n[11] Lane, S.; &amp; Stone, C. A (2006). Performance assessment. In R. L. Brennan (Ed). Educational measurement (4rd ). USA: American council on education\r\n[12] Ministry of Education (2012). Core mathematics syllabus for senior high schools. Accra: CRDD\r\n[13] National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (2018). The pre-tertiary education curriculum Framework. Accra: NACCA\r\n[14] National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1995). Assessment Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, VA: Author.\r\n[15] National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2010). Teaching mathematics in the middle school. Reston, VA: Author.\r\n[16] Nitko, A. J. (2001). Educational measurements (3rded.) (Ed) USA: American council on education\r\n[17] Nitko, A. J. (2004). Educational measurement (4rd Ed.). USA: American Council on Education &amp; Praeger\r\n[18] Nitko, A. J. (2004). Educational Tests and Measurements (3rded.). USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc\r\n[19] Rotman, B. (1993). Ad infintum the ghost in turning\u2019s machine: Taking God of mathematics and putting the body back in. Standford, California: California University Press\r\n[20] Schoenfeld, A. H. (2000). On mathematics as sense-making: an informal attack on the unfortunate divorce of formal and informal mathematics. In D. N. Perkins, J. Segal, and J. Voss (Eds.), Informal reasoning in education. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abraham Gyamfi, &#8220;Boosting the Social Value of Mathematics Education: The way forward&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.36-39 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/36-39.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/36-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/boosting-the-social-value-of-mathematics-education-the-way-forward\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Boosting the Social Value of Mathematics Education: The way forward<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4df5be elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4df5be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4df686 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4df686\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4df827\" data-id=\"e4df827\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4df943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4df943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors influencing absenteeism in Lower Primary schools of Chibombo District in Central Province of Zambia <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Lufeyo Chitondo May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 40-47<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4df9de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4df9de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4dfb67\" data-id=\"e4dfb67\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4dfc97 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4dfc97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Absenteeism is the practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reasons while school absenteeism is learners\u2019 habit of staying away from school without providing genuine reasons for not attending classes and has negative effects on learners\u2019 academic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess factors influencing absenteeism in Zambian schools. Four Head teachers, 16 teachers and 80 learners from the four lower primary schools in Chibombo district were sampled for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews to allow the researcher a platform to ask open-response questions and to explore the respondents\u2019 perspectives about the factors influencing absenteeism in schools. The data was analyzed by use of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer package. The study revealed factors such as; attitude, poor infrastructure, contact time, peer pressure, inferiority complex, underage, health, poor teaching methods, dual language, labeling, poverty have a negative or detrimental effect on learners\u2019 academic performance. The study recommended that the Government through the Ministry of Education should come up with national wide education campaign programmes in school through school related activities to educate parents on the value of education for pupils.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-47\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lufeyo Chitondo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nRockview University, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Balfauz, R., and Byrnes, V.,(2018). Using data and the human touch. Evaluating the NYC inter-agency campaign to reduce chronic absenteeism. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 23, 107-121.\r\n[2] Balvin, R. and Ehrhch, S.B. (2018). Making sense out of incentives: A framework for considering the design, use, and implementation of incentives to improve attendance, Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 23, 93-106.\r\n[3] Chang, H.N, Bauer, L. and Byrnes, V. (2018). Data maters: Using Chronic absence to accelerate action for student success. Attendance, Works and Everyone Graduates Center. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.attendanceworks.org\/data-matters\/.\r\n[4] Claessens, A., Engel, M., and Curran, F.C (2015). The effects of material depression on Child outcoms during the first years of formal schooling. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 32, 80-93.\r\n[5] Estevao, P. &amp;Alvares, M. (2014). What do we mean by school dropout? Early school leaving and the shifting of paradigms in school dropout measurement. Portuguese Journal of Social Science, 13(1), 21-32.\r\n[6] Fan, W. &amp;Wolters, C. A. (2014). School motivation and high school dropout: The mediating role of educational expectation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 22\u201339.\r\n[7] Ferrell, E. W., Nance, C. N., Torres, A. L., &amp;Torres, S. M. (2013). Using participatory action research to address absenteeism. Action Learning: Research and Practice, 11(2), 201\u2013214.\r\n[8] Foley, K., Gallipoli, G., &amp;Green, D. A. (2014). Ability, parental valuation of education, and the high school dropout decision. The Journal of Human Resources 49(4), 906942.\r\n[9] Gage, N. A., Sugai, G., Lunde, K., &amp; DeLoreto, L. (2013). Truancy and zero tolerance in high school: Does policy align with practice?.Education and Treatment of Children, 36(2), 117-138.\r\n[10] G\u00f6mleksiz, M. N. &amp; \u00d6zda\u015f, F. (2013). \u00d6\u011frenci devams\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim denetmenlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(47), 106-124.\r\n[11] Gottfried, M.A (2017). Linking getting to school with going to school. Education Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 39, 571-592.\r\n[12] Graeff-Martins, A. S., Oswald, S., Comassetto, J. O., Kieling, C., Goncalves, R. R., &amp;Rohde, L. A. (2006). A package of interventions to reduce school dropout in public schools in a developing country. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(8), 442\u2013449.\r\n[13] Humm, P.A., Gibbons, K., and Edmunds, R.R. (2018). Attendance and Chronic Absenteeism: Literature review. Saint Paul, M.N: University of Minnesota, College of Education and Human Development, Centre for Applied Research and Educational improvement.\r\n[14] Jordan, P.W., and Miller, R. (2017). Who\u2019s in: Chronic absenteeism under the Every Student Succeeds Act. Washington, D.C: Future Ed.\r\n[15] Shute, J. W. &amp;Cooper, B. S. (2015). Understanding in-school truancy. Phi Delta Kappan, 96(6), 65-68.\r\n[16] Strand, A. M. &amp;Cedersund, E. (2013). School staff\u2019s reflections on truant students: A positioning analysis. Pastoral Care in Education, 31(4), 337\u2013353.\r\n[17] Strand, A. M. &amp;Granlund, M. (2014). The school situation for students with a high level of absenteeism in compulsory school: Is there a pattern in documented support?. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 58(5), 551\u2013569.\r\n[18] Thornton, M., Darmody, M., &amp;McCoy, S. (2013). Persistent absenteeism among Irish primary school pupils. Educational Review, 65(4), 488\u2013501.\r\n[19] Y\u0131ld\u0131z, M. ve Kula, K. \u015e. (2012b). \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin \u00f6\u011frenci devams\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri. DPUJSS, 32(2), 19-28.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lufeyo Chitondo, &#8220;Factors influencing absenteeism in Lower Primary schools of Chibombo District in Central Province of Zambia &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.40-47 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/40-47.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/40-47.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-influencing-absenteeism-in-lower-primary-schools-of-chibombo-district-in-central-province-of-zambia\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Factors influencing absenteeism in Lower Primary schools of Chibombo District in Central Province of Zambia <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e0ab9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e0ab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e0b89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e0b89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e0d13\" data-id=\"e4e0d13\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e0e29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e0e29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Facial Ultrasonography in acquired facial lipoatrophy <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Hadi Khazaei M.D., M.S., M.C.R., Danesh Khazaei, Dawn Brundage, Shravani Mikkilineni M.D., Roger A. Dailey M.D., FACS. May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 48-51<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e0ed4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e0ed4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e1043\" data-id=\"e4e1043\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e1165 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4e1165\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2391\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2391\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Facial lipoatrophy refers to the loss of adipose tissue and is manifested by flattening or indentation of the convex contours of the face while lipodystrophy is a wider term associated with abnormalities of fat tissue distribution and its metabolism, leading to excessive loss and\/or accumulation of adipocytes.\r\nAlthough the management of facial lipoatrophy is very important for a patient\u2019s social life and mental health, no treatment framework has been developed due to the unknown nature of the disease manifestation. Early recognition and treatment of the active stage of connective tissue diseases is of essential significance in prevention of subsequent scarring and atrophic lesions. Diagnostic techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG), are used to measure the severity of the lipoatrophy.\r\nThe present study was designed to provide sequential imaging to visualize the disease progression.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 48-51\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 June 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9504<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2392\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2392\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hadi Khazaei M.D., M.S., M.C.R.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Danesh Khazaei<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dawn Brundage <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shravani Mikkilineni M.D.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Roger A. Dailey M.D., FACS.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2393\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2393\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Khazaei H, Khazaei D, Ashraf D, Mikkilineni S, Ng JD. Overview of Orbital Ultrasonography. Ann Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022; 5(1): 1028.\r\n[2] Ascher B, Coleman S, Alster T, et al. Full scope of effect of facial lipoatrophy: a framework of disease understanding. Dermatol Surg. 2006; 32:1058\u201369.\r\n[3] Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Olszewska B, Lema\u0144ska M, Purzycka-Bohdan D, Nowicki R. Acquired facial lipoatrophy: pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2015; 32:127\u2013133.\r\n[4] Giralt M, Domingo P, Villarroya F. Adipose tissue biology and HIVinfection. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 25:487-99.\r\n[5] Yamamoto T, Yokozeki H, Nishioka K. Localized involutional lipoatrophy: Report of six cases. J Dermatol 2002; 29:638-43.\r\n[6] Lee C, Kim JE, Yi WJ, Heo MS, Lee SS, Han SS, Choi SC, Huh KH. Acquired facial lipoatrophy: A report of 3 cases with imaging features. Imaging Sci Dent. 2020 Sep;50(3):255-260.\r\n[7] Gdynia HJ, Weydt P, Ernst A, Klein S, Sperfeld AD, Riecker A. Myositis associated with localized lipodystrophy: an unrecognized condition? Eur J Med Res. 2009; 14:228\u2013230.\r\n[8] Anbarasi K, Sathasivasubramanian S, Krithika CL, VenkataSai PM. Focal Lipoatrophy of Face: A Rare Esthetic Complaint. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4103\/2156-7514.94229\r\nJournal of Clinical Imaging Science (https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org)\r\n[9] Imagawa K, Ohkuma S. A case of fat injection for treating subcutaneous atrophy caused by local administration of corticosteroid. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2010; 35:66-9\r\n[10] Bonnet E. New and emerging agents in the management of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients. HIV\/AIDS 2010; 2:167-78. 10.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2394\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2394\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hadi Khazaei M.D., M.S., M.C.R., Danesh Khazaei, Dawn Brundage, Shravani Mikkilineni M.D., Roger A. Dailey M.D., FACS., &#8220;Facial Ultrasonography in acquired facial lipoatrophy &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.48-51 May 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9504<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2395\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2395\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/48-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2396\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2396\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/facial-ultrasonography-in-acquired-facial-lipoatrophy\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Facial Ultrasonography in acquired facial lipoatrophy <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e1f5a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e1f5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e2022 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e2022\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e21c8\" data-id=\"e4e21c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e2310 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e2310\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The impact of IMSS pensions on Mexico&#8217;s public fi-nances <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Jos\u00e9 Antonio Villalobos L\u00f3pez May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 52-64<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e23b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e23b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e255c\" data-id=\"e4e255c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e26c5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4e26c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The importance of the insured members of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) can be appreciated because it has 20.6 million members as of December 2021, which represent 83.5% of formal employment in Mexico. Pensions and retirements under the transition regime of IMSS Law 73 (defined benefit) are be-coming one of the main problems facing national public finances. The liabilities of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in its IMSS-employer modality correspond to the equivalent of 11.9% of the GDP for the year 2021, while those of the IMSS-insurer is 44.1% of the GDP, adding both modalities, they reach 56% of the GDP. According to actuarial calculations, the maxi-mum point of public spending for pensions under the transition regime (defined benefit) will be reached in 2035. The replace-ment rate of a worker affiliated to the IMSS who contributed under Law 97 (capitalization regime) was only 25%; with the reforms made in December 2020, it is estimated that the re-placement rate will reach 60%. By the year 2019, the retirement fund administrators in Chile had resources equivalent to 80.8% of GDP; Uruguay 29.1%; Colombia 24%; Peru 22.8%; and Mex-ico 16.4% of GDP, which is a very low indicator compared to Latin American nations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 52-64\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 June 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9509\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9509<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jos\u00e9 Antonio Villalobos L\u00f3pez <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Alan\u00eds Guti\u00e9rrez, Teresa y Soto Esquivel, Roberto (2020). Sistema de pensiones en M\u00e9xico. Una burbuja a punto de estallar [Pension system in Mexico. A bubble about to burst). Revista Ola Financiera UNAM. 13 (35), pp. 32-51. http:\/\/revistas.unam.mx\/index.php\/ROF\/article\/view\/75508\/66802\r\n[2]. Albarr\u00e1n, Elizabeth (2021). Reforma fiscal debe priorizar gastos en salud, educaci\u00f3n y medio ambiente [Fiscal reform should prioritize spending on health, education and environment]. El CEO. Blog April 28, 2021. https:\/\/elceo.com\/economia\/reforma-fiscal-debe-priorizar-gastos-en-salud-educacion-y-medio-ambiente\/\r\n[3]. Auditor\u00eda Superior de la Federaci\u00f3n (2020). Pensiones bajo el r\u00e9-gimen de beneficio definido. Auditor\u00eda de Desempe\u00f1o 2018-0-06100-07-0047-2019 [Pensions under the defined benefit regime. Performance Audit 2018-0-06100-07-0047-2019]. M\u00e9xico. https:\/\/www.asf.gob.mx\/uploads\/748_Infografias\/AED_-Pensiones_Auditorias_CP_047_-_057.pdf\r\n[4]. Azuara, Oliver &amp; Bosch, Mariano &amp; Garc\u00eda Huitr\u00f3n, Manuel &amp; Kaplan, David &amp; Silva Porto, Mar\u00eda T. (2019). Diagn\u00f3stico del sis-tema de pensiones mexicano y opciones para reformarlo [Diagnosis of the Mexican pension system and options for reform. Inter-American Development Bank (IADB). https:\/\/publications.iadb.org\/publications\/spanish\/document\/Diagn%C3%B3stico_del_sistema_de_pensiones_mexicano_y_opciones_para_reformarlo_es_es.pdf\r\n[5]. Banco de M\u00e9xico (2021). La reforma del sistema de pensiones de M\u00e9xico: Posibles efectos sobre las jubilaciones, la din\u00e1mica del ahorro obligatorio y las finanzas p\u00fablicas [The reform of Mexico&#8217;s pension system: Potential effects on pensions, the dynamics of mandatory savings and public finances]. Excerpt from Quarterly Report October-December 2020, Box 4, pp. 53-58, paper published March 3, 2021. https:\/\/www.banxico.org.mx\/publicaciones-y-prensa\/informes-trimestrales\/recuadros\/%7B097F33DE-A56A-DA9E-9620-7A9CDC32AA8B%7D.pdf\r\n[6]. Centro de Estudios de las Finanzas P\u00fablicas (2018). Gasto en pen-siones y su perspectiva de largo plazo [Pension spending and its long-term perspective]. Mexico: Nota In-formativa September 27, 2018. https:\/\/www.cefp.gob.mx\/publicaciones\/nota\/2018\/notacefp0402018.pdf\r\n[7]. Cigarroa R\u00edos, Clarisa &amp; Trejo Garc\u00eda, Jos\u00e9 &amp; Olivares Aguayo, H\u00e9ctor (2021). Trayectorias del ahorro: el r\u00e9gimen pensionario me-xicano [Savings trajectories: the Mexican pension system]. Investi-gaci\u00f3n Administrativa. 50 (128), pp. 1-20. http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/pdf\/ia\/v50n128\/2448-7678-ia-50-128-00008.pdf\r\n[8]. Comisi\u00f3n Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (2022). El sistema de ahorro para el retiro al cierre de 2021 [The retirement savings system at the close of 2021]. Blog January 17, 2022. https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/consar\/articulos\/el-sistema-de-ahorro-para-el-retiro-al-cierre-de-2021-292459?idiom=es\r\n[9]. Comisi\u00f3n Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (2022b): Directorio de las AFORE [Directory of AFOREs.]. https:\/\/www.consar.gob.mx\/gobmx\/aplicativo\/catsar\/DirectorioAFOREExt.aspx?PAG_ACTUAL=\/gobmx\/aplicativo\/catsar\/DirectorioAFOREExt.aspx\r\n[10]. Consejo Nacional de Evaluaci\u00f3n de la Pol\u00edtica de Desarrollo Social (2020). Pobreza y personas mayores en M\u00e9xico [Poverty and the elderly in Mexico]. Modified August 28, 2020. https:\/\/www.coneval.org.mx\/Medicion\/MP\/Documents\/Pobreza_y_poblacion_mayor_Mexico.pdf\r\n[11]. Columna Franco, C\u00e9sar (2021). Pensiones en M\u00e9xico: Un diagn\u00f3s-tico a la problem\u00e1tica actual del gasto p\u00fablico [Pensions in Mexico: A diagnosis of the current problems of public spending]. Thesis Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla. https:\/\/repositorioinstitucional.buap.mx\/handle\/20.500.12371\/11729\r\n[12]. Franco, Fernando (2021). 20 mil trabajadores pueden acceder a una pensi\u00f3n en 2021 [20 thousand workers may have access to a pen-sion in 2021]. El Heraldo de M\u00e9xico. Note in Economy section. Ju-ly 1, 2021. https:\/\/heraldodemexico.com.mx\/economia\/2021\/7\/1\/20-mil-trabajadores-pueden-acceder-una-pension-en-2021-311823.html\r\n[13]. Hern\u00e1ndez Lozano, Francisco &amp; Soltero Puentes, Luis &amp; Sol\u00eds Ro-dr\u00edguez, Fany (2020). Conocimiento sobre el fondo de ahorro para el retiro de usuarios en Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, M\u00e9xico [Nowledge about the retirement savings fund for users in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico]. Geplat. Cuaderno Suplementar. (4), pp. 1-15. http:\/\/natal.uern.br\/periodicos\/index.php\/RTEP\/article\/view\/2367\/2142\r\n[14]. Herrera P\u00e9rez, Alberto &amp; Herrera Montes, Eduardo (2017). Sustitu-ci\u00f3n de prestaciones legales por prestaciones contractuales (comen-tarios a la jurisprudencia 2\u00aa.\/j.172\/2013 (10\u00aa.) de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Naci\u00f3n) [Substitution of legal benefits for contrac-tual benefits (comments to jurisprudence 2\u00aa.\/j.172\/2013 (10\u00aa. 2\u00aa.\/j.172\/2013 (10th.) of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Na-tion)]. Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Social. (24), pp. 207-221. http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/scielo.php?pid=S1870-46702017000100207&amp;script=sci_arttext\r\n[15]. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (2019). Informe financiero y actuarial al 31 de diciembre de 2018 [Financial and actuarial report as of December 31, 2018]. Mexico: First Edition. http:\/\/imss.gob.mx\/sites\/all\/statics\/pdf\/estadisticas\/ifa\/ifa-2018.pdf\r\n[16]. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (2021). Informe al Ejecutivo Federal y al Congreso de la Uni\u00f3n sobre la situaci\u00f3n financiera y los riesgos del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social 2020-2021 [Report to the Federal Executive and the Congress of the Union on the financial situation and risks of the Mexican Social Security Ins-titute 2020-2021]. M\u00e9xico. http:\/\/www.imss.gob.mx\/conoce-al-imss\/informe-2020-2021\r\n[17]. Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica, Geograf\u00eda e Inform\u00e1tica (2022). Indicadores de ocupaci\u00f3n y empleo [Occupation and employment indicators. December 2021. Press Release Number 21\/22. January 20, 2022. https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/saladeprensa\/boletines\/2022\/iooe\/iooe2022_01.pdf\r\n[18]. Lagarda Cuevas, Guillermo y Mandujano Canto, \u00c1ngel (2017). An\u00e1lisis de la movilidad en el mercado laboral y los efectos sobre el sistema de pensiones [Analysis of labor market mobility and the ef-fects on the pension system]. SSRN, pp. 124. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2858081\r\n[19]. Leal Fern\u00e1ndez, Gustavo (2020). M\u00e9xico: hacia un mejor horizonte pensionario [Mexico: towards a better pension horizon]. Estudios Pol\u00edticos UNAM. (51), pp.141-162. https:\/\/www.scilit.net\/article\/3a22d14a77e1117dfe2b4b07aef7e1f0\r\n[20]. L\u00f3pez Mart\u00ednez, Gabriela &amp; Aguilar Cruz Conrado (2018). La capi-talizaci\u00f3n del sistema de pensiones en M\u00e9xico { The capitalization of the pension system in Mexico]. Red Internacional de Investiga-dores en Competitividad, pp.1536-1554. https:\/\/www.riico.net\/index.php\/riico\/article\/view\/1667\/1733\r\n[21]. Marquet Guerrero, Porfirio (2019). Panorama del r\u00e9gimen de segu-ridad social contenido en la ley del seguro social mexicana. [Over-view of the social security regime contained in the Mexican social security law]. Revista de la Facultad de Derecho UNAM. LXIX (273), pp. 231-256.http:\/\/revistas.unam.mx\/index.php\/rfdm\/article\/view\/68610\/60566\r\n[22]. Mesa Lago, Carmelo (2020). Evaluaci\u00f3n de cuatro d\u00e9cadas de pri-vatizaci\u00f3n de pensiones en Am\u00e9rica Latina (1980-2020): Promesas y realidades. M\u00e9xico [Evaluation of four decades of pension privat-ization in Latin America (1980-2020): Promises and realities]. Fundaci\u00f3n Friedrich Ebert en M\u00e9xico. Dicember 2020. http:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/mexiko\/17283-20210701.pdf\r\n[23]. Moreno Brid, Juan, P\u00e9rez Ben\u00edtez, Noel y Villareal P\u00e1ez, H\u00e9ctor (2017). \u00a1Ay Bartola!: los riesgos de unas finanzas p\u00fablicas austeras en M\u00e9xico [\u2018Ay Bartola\u2019: the risks of austere public finances in Mexico]. Econom\u00eda UNAM. 14 (41), may-august. http:\/\/www.revistas.unam.mx\/index.php\/ecu\/issue\/view\/4659\r\n[24]. Nolasco, Santiago (2022). Se pensionan 27,300 de la primera gene-raci\u00f3n de afores: Consar [27,300 of the first generation of afores re-tire: Consar. El Economista. January 18, 2022. https:\/\/www.eleconomista.com.mx\/sectorfinanciero\/Se-pensionan-27300-de-la-primera-generacion-de-afores-Consar-20220118-0119.html\r\n[25]. Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas (1948). Declaraci\u00f3n universal de los derechos humanos [Universal Declaration of Human Rights]. December 10, 1948. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/UDHR\/Documents\/UDHR_Translations\/spn.pdf\r\n[26]. Organizaci\u00f3n para la Cooperaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3micos (2016). Estudio de la OCDE sobre los sistemas de pensiones: M\u00e9-xico [OECD study on pension systems: Mexico]. Solar Servicios Editoriales. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1787\/9789264250017.es\r\n[27]. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(2019). El gasto p\u00fablico social es alto en muchos pa\u00edses de la OECD [Pu-blic social spending is high in many OECD coun-tries].http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/centrodemexico\/medios\/OECD2019-Gasto-Publico-Social.pdf\r\n[28]. Secretar\u00eda del Trabajo y Previsi\u00f3n Social (2021). Informaci\u00f3n La-boral [labor information]. M\u00e9xico. http:\/\/www.stps.gob.mx\/gobmx\/estadisticas\/pdf\/perfiles\/perfil%20nacional.pdf\r\n[29]. Tableau Public (2022). Hist\u00f3rico de IMSS. Puestos de trabajo re-gistrados por los patrones en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro So-cial. Rango salarial (en veces el salario) [IMSS history. Jobs regis-tered by employers with the Mexican Social Security Institute. Wage range (in times the wage). December 2021. https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/app\/profile\/imss.cpe\/viz\/Histrico_4\/Empleo_h?publish=yes\r\n[30]. Varela, Rogelio (2021). Primeros jubilados AFORES [First AFO-RES retirees]. El Heraldo de M\u00e9xico. Corporativo. June 22, 2021. https:\/\/heraldodemexico.com.mx\/opinion\/2021\/6\/22\/primeros-jubilados-afores-308796.html\r\n[31]. Vargas Mendoza, Jos\u00e9 (2019). El paquete econ\u00f3mico para 2019 y las perspectivas de la econom\u00eda mexicana [The economic package for 2019 and the outlook for the Mexican economy]. Econom\u00eda In-forma UNAM. (416), may-june. http:\/\/www.economia.unam.mx\/assets\/pdfs\/econinfo\/416\/04JoseVargasMendoza.pdf\r\n[32]. Villarreal, H\u00e9ctor &amp; Mac\u00edas, Alejandra (2020). El sistema de pen-siones en M\u00e9xico: institucionalidad, gasto p\u00fablico y sostenibilidad financiera [The pension system in Mexico: Institutionality, public expenditure and financial sustainability]. Santiago: CEPAL. Serie Macroeconom\u00eda del Desarrollo No 210. https:\/\/www.cepal.org\/es\/publicaciones\/45820-sistema-pensiones-mexico-institucionalidad-gasto-publico-sostenibilidad\r\n[33]. Villalobos L\u00f3pez, J. Antonio (2021). Marco te\u00f3rico seguridad so-cial y pensiones [Social security and pensions]. MPRA Paper. University Library of Munich. June 2021, pp.1-23. https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/108065\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jos\u00e9 Antonio Villalobos L\u00f3pez , &#8220;The impact of IMSS pensions on Mexico&#8217;s public fi-nances &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.52-64 May 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.51244\/IJRSI.2022.9509<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/52-64.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-imss-pensions-on-mexicos-public-fi-nances\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The impact of IMSS pensions on Mexico&#8217;s public fi-nances <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e35ba elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e35ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e3694 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e3694\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e382b\" data-id=\"e4e382b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e3988 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e3988\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Work Engagement and Organisational Climate as Determinants of Counterproductive Work Behaviour among Civil Servants in Akwa Ibom State <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Usen Essien Inyang, Hannah Etim Archibong May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 65-69<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e3a37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e3a37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e3be7\" data-id=\"e4e3be7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e3d27 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4e3d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs) have detrimental effects on organisations. The cross-sectional study examined work engagement and organisational climate as determinants of counterproductive work behaviour among civil servants in Akwa Ibom State. Two hundred and eight (208) participants made up of 119 males and 89 females were conveniently selected from State Ministry of Education and Finance, Idongesit Nkanga Secretariat and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Trade\/Investment, Federal Secretariat, Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Their ages ranged between 22 and 54 years and their mean age was 37.67 years. The study utilized a 2&#215;2 factorial design. The Work Engagement Scale, Organisational Climate Scale and Counterproductive Work Behaviour Checklist (CWB-C) were the instruments used for data collection. A 2 x 2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed for data analysis. Results revealed that work engagement was a significant determiner of counterproductive work behaviour [F = (1,208) 8.27; P&lt;.05]. Results also revealed that organisational climate was a significant determiner of counterproductive work behaviour [F = (1,208) 64.64; P&lt;.05]. Result further revealed that there was no combined interaction influence of work engagement and organisational climate on counterproductive work behaviour [F= (1, 208), 1.86; P&gt;.05]. It was recommended that organisations should set up teams that will train leaders on the best possible way to keep the work space positive and safe for everyone as it will help reduce counterproductive work behaviour among workers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 65-69\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usen Essien Inyang<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGraduate Students, Department of Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hannah Etim Archibong<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGraduate Students, Department of Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., &amp; Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job resources boost work engagement, particularly when job demands are high. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(2), 274\u2013284.\r\n[2] Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., &amp; Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work &amp; Stress, 22(3), 187\u2013200.\r\n[3] Bowling, N. A., &amp; Gruys, M. L. (2010).New perspectives in the study of counterproductive behaviour in organizations. Human Resource Management, 20 (1), 54\u201361.\r\n[4] Connelly, C. (2015). How perpetrators and targets construe knowledge hiding in organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24 (3), 479\u2013489.\r\n[5] Dalal, R. S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (6), 1241\u20131255.\r\n[6] Duffy, M. (2009). Preventing workplace mobbing and bullying with effective organizational consultation, policies, and legislation. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. 61 (3), 242\u2013262.\r\n[7] Halpin, K &amp; Croft, H. J (1963). The motivation to work and produce among Finnish supervisors. Personnel Psychology, 18, 393\u2013402.\r\n[8] Hunter, S. T., Bedell, K. E., &amp; Mumford, M. D. (2007). Climate for creativity: A quantitative review. Creativity Research Journal, 19(1), 69-90.\r\n[9] Isen, A. M. (2000). Positive affect and decision making. In M. Lewis, &amp; J. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 417-435) (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.\r\n[10] Isen, A. M. (2009). A role for neuropsychology in understanding the facilitating influence of positive affect on social behaviour and cognitive processes. In S. J. Lopez &amp; C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 503\u2013518). Oxford University Press.\r\n[11] Patterson, M. G., West, M. A., Shackleton, V. J., Dawson, J. F., Lawthom, R., Maitlis, S., Robinson, D. L., &amp; Wallace, A. M. (2005). Validating the organizational climate measure: Links to managerial practices, productivity and innovation. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 26(4), 379\u2013408.\r\n[12] Pflanz, S. E., &amp; Ogle, A. D. (2006). Job Stress, Depression, Work Performance, and Perceptions of Supervisors in Military Personnel. Military Medicine, 171(9), 861\u2013865.\r\n[13] Sackett, P., Berry, C.,Wiemann, S.&amp; Laczo, R (2006).Citizenship and counterproductive behaviour: Clarifying relations between the two domains. Human Performance, 19 (4), 441\u201364.\r\n[14] Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rom\u00e1, V., &amp; Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71\u201392.\r\n[15] Sosik, J. J. &amp; Dinger, S.L. (2007). Relationships between leadership style and vision content: The moderating role of need for social approval, self-monitoring, and need for social power, The Leadership Quarterly, 18(2),134-153.\r\n[16] Spector\u201a P. E.\u201a Bauer\u201a J. A.\u201a &amp; Fox\u201a S. (2010). Measurement artifacts in the assessment of counterproductive work behaviour and organisational citizenship behaviour: Do we know what we think we know? Journal of Applied Psychology\u201a 95(4)\u201a 781-790.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Usen Essien Inyang, Hannah Etim Archibong , &#8220;Work Engagement and Organisational Climate as Determinants of Counterproductive Work Behaviour among Civil Servants in Akwa Ibom State &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.65-69 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/65-69.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/65-69.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/work-engagement-and-organisational-climate-as-determinants-of-counterproductive-work-behaviour-among-civil-servants-in-akwa-ibom-state\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Work Engagement and Organisational Climate as Determinants of Counterproductive Work Behaviour among Civil Servants in Akwa Ibom State <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e4af2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e4af2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e4bc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e4bc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e4d68\" data-id=\"e4e4d68\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e4e96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e4e96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Language Skills Acquisition as Determinants of Junior Secondary School Students\u2019 Performance and Self-Efficacy in English Language <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Babalola, J.O. (Ph.D.) &amp; Ayodele, Ayoyinka Felix May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 70-76<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e4f3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e4f3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e5103\" data-id=\"e4e5103\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e5252 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4e5252\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigates the acquisition of language skills as determinants of Junior Secondary School Student\u2019s competence and good performance in the use of English language in Ado Local Government. The purpose of the study is to identify the extent of students\u2019 performance in English language, determine the impacts of language skills acquisition on students\u2019 language delivery and to determine the impacts of language skills acquisition on students in English language as a tool of wider communication in Nigeria. The study employs the use of descriptive research of the survey type. The sample consists of 200 Junior Secondary School students in Ado Local Government. A well constructed questionnaire was administered to obtain information on relevant areas from the students. The findings reveal that without a good acquisition of the language skills, students would not have a good grasp of what is being taught in the class nor would they be able to participate meaningfully in any activity. It was therefore recommended that students should be exposed to tasks that will build their language skills.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 70-76\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Babalola, J.O. (Ph.D.) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Arts &amp; Language Education, Ekiti State University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayodele, Ayoyinka Felix<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Arts &amp; Language Education, Ekiti State University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Babalola, J.O. &amp; Awodun, A.O. (2015). Students\u2019 attitude to the language of wider communication in a multilingual speech community. International Journal of Innovative Research &amp; Development, 4 (1): 101-106\r\n[2] Babalola, J.O &amp; Ogunlade, B.O. (2015). Activation of language potentials through instructional technology. International Journal of Educational Foundations and Management, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, 9(2): 75-83\r\n[3] Babalola, J.O. &amp; Shittu, O.F. (2015). Teachers\u2019 use of ICT: Challenges and opportunities in language teaching. Journal of Science, 5(11): 1007-1015\r\n[4] Bai, B., Chao, G. C. N., &amp; Wang, C. W. (2019). The relationship between social support, self-efficacy, and English language learning achievement in Hong Kong. TESOL Quarterly, 53(1), 208-221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tesq.439\r\n[5] Child Success Center (2019). The importance of communication skills for academic success. Retrieved from childsuccesscenter.com on February 11, 2022.\r\n[6] Fakeye, D. (2014). English language proficiency as a predictor of academic achievement among EFL students in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(9), 38-41.\r\n[7] Fani, T. &amp; Ghaemi, F. (2011). Implications of Vygotsky\u2019s zone of proximal development (ZPD) in teachers\u2019 education: ZPTD and Self-scaffolding. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 29, 1549-1554.\r\n[8] Fass-Holmes, B., &amp; Vaughn, A. A. (2015). Evidence that international undergraduates can succeed academically despite struggling with English. Journal of International Students, 5(3), 228-243.\r\n[9] Harappa (2021), Basic Language Skills \u2013 Listening, Speaking, Reading &amp; Writing. https:\/\/harappa.education\/harappa-diaries\/language-skills\/ retrieved on 23\/12\/21\r\n[10] Honicke, T., &amp; Broadbent, J. (2016). The influence of academic self-efficacy on academic performance: a systematic review. Educational Research Review, 17, 63\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2015.11.002\r\n[11] Kajal Sharna (2019). Importance of language skills for students. Retrieved from; https:\/\/www.theasianschool.net on February 11, 2022.\r\n[12] Lawal, R.A. (1991). English communication skills and methods for primary and junior secondary school teachers. Unpublished Mimeograph, Institute of Education, University of Education of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria.\r\n[13] Li, G., Chen, W., &amp; Duanmu, J-L. (2010). Determinants of international students\u2019 academic performance: A comparison between Chinese and other international students. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14, 389-405.\r\n[14] Minshar, M. A. (2020). The effect of using educational games on third-grade students\u2019 achievement of English vocabulary in the Hebron governorate. Psychological and educational studies journal, 13(3), 309-319.\r\n[15] Obateru, O.T. (2018). Effects of model, multi-draft and integrated teaching methods on the attitude and performance of senior secondary school students in essay writing. Unpublished Master\u2019s thesis proposal, Ekiti State University.\r\n[16] Ofodu, G.O. (2014). Governance and language loss among youths in Nigeria. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19 (5) 42.\r\n[17] Ogunyemi, F.T. (2005). Developing language and communication skills among early childhood learners. In A.V. Jibowo (Ed) Language, language teaching and learning: A book of readings. Pp53-79. Ibadan: Bounty press ltd.\r\n[18] Oxford learner Dictionary (2012) Oxford University Press\r\n[19] Raoofi, S., Tan, B. H., &amp; Chan, S. H. (2012). Self-efficacy in second\/foreign language learning contexts. English Language Teaching, 5(11), 60-73. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5539\/elt.v5n11p60\r\n[20] Sahragard, R., Baharloo, A., &amp; Soozandehfar, S. M. A. (2011). A closer look at the relationship between academic achievement and language proficiency among Iranian EFL students. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(12), 1740-1748.\r\n[21] Sar\u0131\u00e7oban, A., &amp; Behjoo, B. M. (2016). Academic self-efficacy and prospective ELT teachers\u2019 achievement. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 12(1), 55-62. http:\/\/www.jlls.org\/index.php\/jlls\/article\/view\/468\r\n[22] Sheith T.D. (2015) Receptive skills-Listening and Reading: A sin qua non for Engineers. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Humanities. India.\r\n[23] The Education Review Office (2017). Extending their language, expanding their world: Children\u2019s oral language (birth 8years). New Zealand: Education Review Office.\r\n[24] The Open University (2021). Developing academic English: Importance of language skills. Retrieved from; https:\/\/help.open.ac.uk on february 11, 2022.\r\n[25] Wang, C., Kim, D. H., Bai, R., &amp; Hu, J. (2014). Psychometric properties of a self-efficacy scale for English language learners in China. System, 44, 24\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2014.01.015\r\n[26] Wang, C.-H., Harrison, J., Cardullo, V., &amp; Lin, X. (2018). Exploring the relationship among international students&#8217; English self-efficacy, using English to learn self-efficacy, and academic self-efficacy. Journal of International Students, 8(1), 233-250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1134299\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Babalola, J.O. (Ph.D.) &amp; Ayodele, Ayoyinka Felix , &#8220;Language Skills Acquisition as Determinants of Junior Secondary School Students\u2019 Performance and Self-Efficacy in English Language &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.70-76 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/70-76.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/70-76.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/language-skills-acquisition-as-determinants-of-junior-secondary-school-students-performance-and-self-efficacy-in-english-language\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Language Skills Acquisition as Determinants of Junior Secondary School Students\u2019 Performance and Self-Efficacy in English Language <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e6026 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e6026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e610a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e610a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e629d\" data-id=\"e4e629d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e63ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e63ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Dual Quaternion Hardware Accelerator for RISC-V based System <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Rajeshwari B, Rithvik Kumar, Shweta P Hegde, Manav Eswar Prasad, Vandhya D M, Bajrangabali B May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 77-81<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e645b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e645b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e65de\" data-id=\"e4e65de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e670f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4e670f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In this work, a hardware accelerator has been developed for a RISC-V processor. The \u2018Parashu\u2019 Shakti processor is the SoC of choice for application testing and development. The IP is designed to speed up applications involving dual quaternion operations. Our module primarily aids dual quaternion multiplication which further helps with other complex operations like translation, rotation and transformation. Two solutions have been proposed for the same, i.e. either a quaternion IP if power and resource utilization is a concern, or a dual quaternion IP if performance gain is the primary objective. The latter is however at the expense of relatively more resource utilization. The former IP takes longer execution time to perform the same task but is more versatile since it can be used in applications involving both quaternion and dual quaternion operations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 77-81\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rajeshwari B<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, PES University, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rithvik Kumar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, PES University, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shweta P Hegde<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, PES University, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Manav Eswar Prasad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, PES University, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vandhya D M<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, PES University, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bajrangabali B<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, PES University, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. G. Zhang, K. Zhao, B. Wu, Y. Sun, and F. Liang, A RISC-V based hardware accelerator designed for Yolo object detection system, 2019.\r\n[2]. W. Wang, B. Jungk, J. Walde, S. Deng, N. Gupta, J. Szefer, and R. Niederhagen, \u201cXMSS Hardware Accelerators for RISC-V\u201d XMSS and Embedded Systems, 2020.\r\n[3]. N. Gala, G. Madhusudan Gs, S. Paul, M. Anmol, V. Arjun, and Kamakoti, \u201cSHAKTI: An Open-Source Processor Ecosystem\u201d, Advanced Computing and Communications, 2018.\r\n[4]. S. D. TEAM, SHAKTI DEVELOPMENT BOARD USER MANUAL, 2019.\r\n[5]. G. Q. J, M. J. P. Varshney A, and C. C. F, Double quaternions for motion interpolation, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, September 1998.\r\n[6]. A. Perez-Gracia and M. J, \u201cDual Quaternion Synthesis of Constrained Robotic Systems,\u201d Journal of Mechanical Design &#8211; J MECH DESIGN, 2003.\r\n[7]. M. Gouasmi, \u201cRobot Kinematics, using Dual Quaternions,\u201d IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA), 2012.\r\n[8]. W. M. Cariow A, Cariowa G, \u201cAn FPGA-oriented fully parallel algorithm for multiplying dual quaternions,\u201d 2015.\r\n[9]. P. A., \u201cFixed-Point Arithmetic Unit with a Scaling Mechanism for FPGA-Based Embedded Systems,\u201d Electronics 2021, 2021.\r\n[10]. L. Kavan, S. Collins, C. O\u2019Sullivan, and J. Zara, \u201cDual quaternions for rigid transformation blending,\u201d pp. 39\u201348, 2006.\r\n[11]. K. B, A beginners guide to dual-quaternions: What they are, how they work, and how to use them for 3D character hierarchies., 2012.\r\n[12]. B. B. Akshatha V Murthy, B Rajeshwari, SOC for image processing using SIFT accelerator, 2019.\r\n[13]. J. Y. I. L. F. C. Figueredo, B. V. Adorno and G. A. Borges, Robust kinematic control of manipulator robots using dual quaternion representation, 2013.\r\n[14]. S. Kirubaharan, J. P, and W. D, Low Power FPGA-based Hardware Accelerator for Autonomous Navigation of Mobile Robots.\r\n[15]. J. Y. J. Lee, H. Chen and H. Kim, RISC-V FPGA Platform Toward ROS-Based Robotics Application, 2020.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rajeshwari B, Rithvik Kumar, Shweta P Hegde, Manav Eswar Prasad, Vandhya D M, Bajrangabali B , &#8220;Dual Quaternion Hardware Accelerator for RISC-V based System &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.77-81 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/77-81.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/77-81.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/dual-quaternion-hardware-accelerator-for-risc-v-based-system\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Dual Quaternion Hardware Accelerator for RISC-V based System <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e74ad elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e74ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e7577 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e7577\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e76fe\" data-id=\"e4e76fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e7832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e7832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Trade openness, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth in Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>OTAPO, Toyin Waliu, USHIE, Paul Obogo May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 82-89<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e78d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e78d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e7a5e\" data-id=\"e4e7a5e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e7b99 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4e7b99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The relationship between trade openness and foreign direct investment in the economic growth in Nigeria has been a subject of debate in most economic literature. The study, therefore, looked at the effect of trade openness and foreign direct investment on economic growth in Nigeria within a temporal scope between 1986 and 2021. The study made use of the Solow growth model and thus included the unemployment rate as a moderating variable along with the segregation of exports component of trade openness into oil and non-oil exports. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was employed as the method of analysis and it was discovered that non-oil export had a positive and significant effect on economic growth while oil export had a positive but insignificant relationship with economic growth. The unemployment rate was found to have an insignificant and negative effect on economic growth in Nigeria. However, foreign direct investment was found to be positive and insignificant. The study also discovered that there is no long-run co-integrating equilibrium relationship between trade openness, FDI, unemployment rate, and economic growth. Thus it was suggested that there was a need for more funds to be allocated to the non-oil productive sector of the economy so as to boost productivity from the sector and as well as to reduce the unemployment rate<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 82-89\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OTAPO, Toyin Waliu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>USHIE, Paul Obogo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] ABD (2004). 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Trade policy and economic growth: A skeptical guide to the cross-national evidence. NBER macroeconomic annual, 15, 261-338. http:\/\/www.nber.org\/chapters\/c11058.\r\n[35] Saibu M. O. (2004). Trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria: Further evidence on the causality issue. SAJEMS NS7, 2, 299.\r\n[36] Samelson, P.A. &amp; Nordhaus, W.D. (2010). Economics (19th ed). The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York.\r\n[37] Schumpeter, J. A. (1911). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, M. A: Harvard University Press.\r\n[38] Sinha, D. &amp; Sinha, T. (1996). An empirical investigation into the relationship between openness and economic growth: Evidence from Asia. Rivista Internazionale Di Scienze Economiche E Commerciali, 43; 356-70\r\n[39] Sukar, A., &amp; Ramakrishna, G., (2002). The effect of trade liberalization on economic growth: The case of Ethiopia. Finance India, 16 (4), 1295-1305.\r\n[40] Tahir, M. &amp; Omar, N.N.B.H.A (2014). Trade openness and economic growth: A review of the literature. Asian Social Science. 10 (9), 137-143. Doi:10.5539\/ass.v10n9 p137.\r\n[41] The Economy Watch (2010). International trade and economic growth. Retrieved from www.economywatch.com\/international-trade\/economic-growth. Html (Assessed 20th April, 2015).\r\n[42] Umah, K.E. (2007). The impact of foreign private investment on economic development of Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Economics and Financial Research. 1(3).\r\n[43] UNCTAD (1999). World investment report: Foreign direct investment and the challenge of investment.\r\n[44] Yaya, K. &amp; Miao G. W. (2017). The impact of trade openness on economic growth: The case of Cote d\u2019ivoire. Journal of Cogent Economics and Finance. 5(1).\r\n[45] Yiner, S. (2011). The impact of trade liberalization on per capita income; Evidence from sub-Sahara Africa. International Journal of Economic Research, 2(5), 175-189. www.ijeronline.com\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">OTAPO, Toyin Waliu, USHIE, Paul Obogo , &#8220;Trade openness, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth in Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.82-89 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/82-89.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/82-89.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/trade-openness-foreign-direct-investment-and-economic-growth-in-nigeria\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Trade openness, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth in Nigeria <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e89d0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e89d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e8a9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e8a9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e8c38\" data-id=\"e4e8c38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e8d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4e8d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Physicochemical Properties of Gum Arabic Blended with Cassava Starch and Carboxymethyl Cellulose<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Kuje O joseph, Bethrand T Nwufo, Moses T Langkuk, Valentine O Adole, Akaahimbe A Segun, Yusuf A Abdullahi and Salamatu U Mohammed May 2022 &#8211; Page No.: 90-94<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4e8def elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4e8def\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4e8f7b\" data-id=\"e4e8f7b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e90b5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"e4e90b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2401\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2401\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In this study the physicochemical properties of gum arabic blended with cassava starch and carboxymethyl cellulose was analyzed. The results obtained showed that blending of gum arabic with cassava starch and carboxymethyl cellulose led to increase in moisture content, pH and ash content, with moisture content and some ash content values lying within WHO\/FAO standards of not more than 15% and 2-4% respectively for gums. The results also revealed that blending of gum arabic with carboxymethylcellulose led to increase in viscosity and swelling index while blending with cassava starch led to decrease in viscosity and swelling index. These results suggest that blending of gum arabic with carboxymethyl cellulose and\/or cassava starch can be used as modification method to tailor the properties of gum Arabic to specific applications, and as cost cutting measure, as carboxymethyl cellulose and cassava starch are cheaper than gum arabic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 90-94\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 June 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2402\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2402\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kuje O joseph<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Department, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bethrand T Nwufo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Department, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moses T Langkuk<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Advanced Research Center, Sheda science and technology complex (SHESTCO), P.M.B 186, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Valentine O Adole<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe Univeristy, PMB 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akaahimbe A Segun<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Department, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yusuf A Abdullahi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Department, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Salamatu U Mohammed<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Department, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2403\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2403\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Lelon JK, Jumba IO, Keter JK, Chemuku W, Oduor FD. Assessment of physical properties of gum arabic from Acacia senegal varieties in Baringo District, Kenya. African Journal of Plant Science. 2010 Apr 30;4(4):95-8.\r\n[2]. Dauqan E, Abdullah A. Utilization of gum arabic for industries and human health. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2013 Oct 1;10(10):1270.\r\n[3]. Islam AM, Phillips GO, Sljivo A, Snowden MJ, Williams PA. A review of recent developments on the regulatory, structural and functional aspects of gum arabic. Food Hydrocolloids. 1997 Oct 1;11(4):493-505.\r\n[4]. ITC, Gum Arabic. Market News Service (MNS),Quarterly Edition (https:\/\/ngara.org\/wp- content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Gum- Arabic_Market-News-Service-September- Issue-1_08.pdf.). Retrived on 1st Nov 2021)\r\n[5]. Viinanen A, Salokannel M, Lammintausta Gum arabic as a cause of occupational allergy. Journal of Allergy. 2011;2011.\r\n[6]. Verbeken D, Dierckx S, Dewettinck. Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2003 Nov;63(1):10-21.\r\n[7]. O. B. Chinyere, Physicochemical and morphological properties of Irish and Corn starch modified with Gum Arabic for improved food and Pharmaceutical Application (Masters theses, University of Jos), 2015.\r\n[8]. Cui SW. Food carbohydrates: chemistry, physical properties, and applications. CRC press; 2005 May 23.\r\n[9]. Garrido LH, Schnitzler E, Zort\u00e9a ME, de Souza Rocha T, Demiate IM. Physicochemical properties of cassava starch oxidized by sodium hypochlorite. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014 Oct;51(10):2640-7.\r\n[10]. Takizawa FF, Silva GD, Konkel FE, Demiate IM. Characterization of tropical starches modified with potassium permanganate and lactic acid. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 2004 Nov;47(6):921-31.\r\n[11]. Silva RM, Ferreira GF, Shirai MA, Haas \u00c2, Scherer ML, Franco CM, Demiate IM. Physical-chemical characteristics of modified starches with potassium permanganate\/lactic acid and sodium hypochlorite\/lactic acid. Food Science and Technology. 2008 Mar;28(1):66-77.\r\n[12]. CAC, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum), https:\/\/www.fao.org\/gsfaonline\/additives\/det ails.html?id=51. (15th Oct 2021).\r\n[13]. M. Healy, Is common food additive to blame for rising rates of bowel disease?, https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/science\/scienceno w\/la-sci-sn-metabolic-bowel-emulsifiers- 20150225-story.html, (14th Oct 2021).\r\n[14]. Bahramparvar M, Mazaheri Tehrani M. Application and functions of stabilizers in ice cream. Food\\reviews international. 2011 Oct 1;27(4):389-407.\r\n[15]. Ahmed J, Ramaswamy HS, Ngadi MO. Rheologicalcharacteristics of Arabic gum in combination with guar and xanthan gum using response surface methodology: effect of temperature and concentration. International Journal of Food Properties. 2005 May 1;8(2):179-92.\r\n[16]. Yebeyen D, Lemenih M, Feleke S. Characteristics and quality of gum arabic from naturally grown Acacia senegal (Linne) Willd trees in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Food hydrocolloids. 2009 Jan 1;23(1):175-80.\r\n[17]. Adeyanju O, Faith A O, Lajide L, Adesemuyi MF, E Ewaoche A, Plavec J. Characterization and Utilization of Sweitenia mycrophylla Exudate Gum as an Excipient in Drug Formulation. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Chemistry. 2016 May 1;2(2):7-21.\r\n[18]. Ezera EJ, Nwufo BT, Wapwera JA. Effects of graded quantities of xanthan gum on the physicochemical and flocculation properties of gum Arabic. Int J Chem Sci. 2019;2:44-9.\r\n[19]. Samia EA, Babiker EM, Karamalla A. Analytical studies on Gum exudates of anogeissusleiocarpus. Pakistan Nutritions. 2009;16:782-6.\r\n[20]. Jilani, S. Isolation and structural studies of Acacia gum exudates from species of Gumumiferae (Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB) (1993) (http:\/\/173.208.131.244:9060\/xmlui\/handle\/1 23456789\/8023).\r\n[21]. Mariod AA. Chemical properties of gum Arabic.InGum Arabic 2018 Jan 1 (pp. 67-73). Academic Press.\r\n[22]. WHO, Quality control methods for medical plants materials, Google Books, 1998, (ISBN 95 4 154710 0 (NLM Classification: QV 766).\r\n[23]. Douglas A. Gum Arabic Specifications: Regulatory Revisions andReferrals. British Food Journal. 1991;93(4).\r\n[24]. Mocak J, Jurasek P, Phillips GO, Varga S, Casadei E, Chikemai BN. The classification of natural gums. X. Chemometric characterization of exudate gums that conform to the revised specification of the gum arabic for food use, and the identification of adulterants. Food hydrocolloids. 1998 Apr 1;12(2):141-50.\r\n[25]. Wang Q, Ellis PR, Ross-Murphy SB. Dissolution kinetics of guar gum powders\u2014II. Effects of concentration and molecular weight. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2003 Jul 1;53(1):75-83.\r\n[26]. Cook KL, Hartel RW. Mechanisms of ice crystallization in ice cream production. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. 2010;9(2):213-222.\r\n[27]. Ohwoavworhua FO, Adelakun TA. Some physical characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose obtained from raw cotton of Cochlospermum planchonii. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2005;4(2):501-7.\r\n[28]. de Pinto GL, Martinez M, de Corredor AL, Rivas C, Ocando E. Chemical and 13C NMR studies of Enterolobium cyclocarpum gum and its degradation products. Phytochemistry. 1994 Nov 1;37(5):1311-5.\r\n[29]. Huber HE, Dale LB, Christenson GL. Utilization of hydrophilic gums for the control of drug release from tablet formulations I. Disintegration and dissolution behavior. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1966 Sep 1;55(9):974-6.\r\n[30]. Emeje M, Nwabunike P, Isimi C, Fortunak J, Mitchell J, Byrn S, Kunle O, Ofoefule S. Isolation, characterization and formulation properties of a new plant gum obtained from Cissus refescence. International journal of green pharmacy. 2009;3(1):16\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2404\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2404\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kuje O joseph, Bethrand T Nwufo, Moses T Langkuk, Valentine O Adole, Akaahimbe A Segun, Yusuf A Abdullahi and Salamatu U Mohammed , &#8220;Physicochemical Properties of Gum Arabic Blended with Cassava Starch and Carboxymethyl Cellulose&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.9 issue 5, pp.90-94 May 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/90-94.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2405\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2405\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-9-issue-5\/90-94.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2406\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2406\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/physicochemical-properties-of-gum-arabic-blended-with-cassava-starch-and-carboxymethyl-cellulose\/\" target=\" rel=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Physicochemical Properties of Gum Arabic Blended with Cassava Starch and Carboxymethyl Cellulose<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4e9e3a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e4e9e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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