Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Cannabis Industries: In Vitro Plant Tissue Culture

Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Cannabis Industries: In Vitro Plant Tissue Culture

Ravindra B. Malabadi1*, Nethravathi TL2, Kiran P. Kolkar3, Raju K. Chalannavar1, Bhagyavana S. Mudigoudra4, Gholamreza Abdi5, Himansu Baijnath6
1Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
2Department of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), SJC Institute of Technology, Chikkaballapur-5621010, Karnataka state, India
3Department of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka State, India
4Department of Computer Science, Maharani Cluster University, Bangalore- 560 001, Karnataka state, India
5Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
6Ward Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
*Corresponding author: rbmalabadi_b3g@yahoo.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2023.8703
Received: 27 June 2023; Accepted: 12 July 2023; Published: 26 July 2023

Abstract: – This review paper highlights the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in Cannabis industries. Growing Cannabis especially on a large scale can come with several complex challenges unique to the industry. Therefore, artificial intelligence (AI) has been implemented across all stages of the Cannabis supply chain. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool that can be applied in all aspects of the Cannabis industry. However, developing an effective artificial intelligence (AI) model is a challenging task due to the dynamic nature and variation in real-world problems and data. In addition, a growing number of artificial intelligence (AI) -powered apps, Chatbots, and websites are launching to help medical Cannabis (marijuana) customers to find the products. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become essential to Cannabis businesses that want to display the most relevant products and services to consumers when they visit companies websites. Digital medical Cannabis represents the combination of a Cannabis product and a second- generation Artificial intelligence (AI), system to create a new intellectual property (IP). With medicinal and recreational interests for Cannabis sativa L. growing, research related to the optimization of in vitro practices is needed to improve the current methods. Plant tissue culture experiments comprise a part of very complex studies with many problems. In plant tissue culture studies, optimization is highly desirable and the application of new computational approaches like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms using fewer inputs is on the rise in recent years. It has been shown that Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) as one of the most powerful of ANNs has more accuracy than other artificial neural networks (ANNs) in modeling and forecasting in vitro culture procedures.

Key Words: Artificial intelligence (AI), AI-Chatbot, Cannabis industries, Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Machine learning (ML), Plant Tissue Culture.

I. Introduction

Cannabis sativa L. (Family: Cannabaceae) is reported as one of the oldest cultivated crops for various purposes such as food, medicine and fiber (1-14). Cannabis sativa L. can be divided into Medical Cannabis sativa (Marijuana or drug type) containing very high levels (1 to 37%) of psychoactive molecule, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) drug or and ‘Industrial Cannabis sativa known as hemp based on the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (0.3%) contents (1-14, 104). Hemp is a genuine factory for the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and lignins, all of which possess high economic values (1-14). Hemp fibers and seeds are used as an important raw materials for several industries such as textile, papermaking, automotive, oil, biofuel, construction, pharmaceutical and cosmetics (1-14). However, due to the presence of psychoactive molecule, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) compounds such as Λ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Λ9-THC) and Λ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Λ8-THC), its cultivation and use is restricted/regulated in many countries (1-14, 104). Apart from the highly disputed medicinal purposes, hemp seeds are used as food and nutritional products in various cultures around the world (1-14). Similarly, the oil obtained from the hemp seeds is used as edible oil and other purposes. One of the main industrial use is the production of high quality fiber from the stem bark used in textiles, clothing, papers, building materials and bio-fuel (1-14, 103).