Marcotting may be employed as a micro-propagation technique to enhance the rapid multiplication of tall, highyielding breadfruit (Atrocarpus altilis) and transform it into short-statured, early maturing breadfruit varieties. In this study, marcotting was performed on two varieties of breadfruit, Dwarf Hawaiian (DH) and Local Yellow (LY) Breadfruit, utilizing two different planting media, Pro-Mix® and sphagnum moss, with and without rooting hormone (active ingredient: Alpha Naphthyl Acetic Acid). Results showed that the Local Yellow Breadfruit variety was more prolific in developing root and calluses and the Dwarf Hawaiian was superior in the survival of rooted cuttings after transplanting. Branches marcotted on the lateral shoots appeared to be more productive than those on shoot tips. It was also observed that utilizing Pro-Mix® proved to be more beneficial when compared to that of using sphagnum moss as the growing media. There were no noticeable differences in the root or callus formation and survival of rooted cuttings posttransplant regarding the hormone application. It is recommended that further research and observations be performed on the established root cuttings to determine age at maturity and height of the trees over time..
- Page(s): 01-04
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Puran BridgemohanBiosciences, Agriculture and Food Technology Centre, The University of Trinidad and Tobago
- Musa El S. MohamedBiosciences, Agriculture and Food Technology Centre, The University of Trinidad and Tobago
- Arjune RamoutarBiosciences, Agriculture and Food Technology Centre, The University of Trinidad and Tobago
- Kimberly SinghBiosciences, Agriculture and Food Technology Centre, The University of Trinidad and Tobago
- Ronell BridgemohanBiosciences, Agriculture and Food Technology Centre, The University of Trinidad and Tobago
References
[1]. Abellanosa, A.L. and Pava, H.M., 1987. Introduction to Crop Science. CMU, Musuan, Bukidnon: Publications Office. 245 p. [2]. Hartmann, H.T. and Kester, D.E., 1975. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA: Prentice Hall, Inc. pp. 455-476. [3]. Jones A.M.P, Lane W.A, Murch S.J, Ragone D, Cole I.B., 2011a. Breadfruit: An Old Crop with A New Future. Plant Syst 235–239 [4]. Jones A.M.P., Ragone D., Aiona K., Lane W.A., Murch S.J., 2011b. Nutritional and Morphological Diversity of Breadfruit (Artocarpus, Moraceae): Identification of Elite Cultivars for Food Security. J. Food Comp Anal 24:1091–1102 [5]. Martins, J., Moreira, O., Silva, L., and Moura, M., 2011. Vegetative Propagation of The Endangered Azorean Tree, Picconia Azorica. Arquipelago.Life and Marine Sciences 28:39-46 [6]. Mohamed, M., Bridgemohan P. and Singh K., 2014. A Method of Rapid Propagation of Hot Pepper Using Marcoting Technique To Maintain Clonal Characteristics. pp. 96-99 (815 kb)afr. j. food sci. technol. 14;vol.5,no.4doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14303/ajfst.2014.026 [7]. Mukesh S. Sikarwar, Boey Jia Hui, Kumutha Subramaniam, Bavani Devi Valeisamy, Ling Kar Yean, and Kaveti Balaji., 2014. A Review on Artocarpus Altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (Breadfruit). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4(08), pp. 091- 097, August, 2014. http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2014.40818 ISSN 2231-3354 [8]. Ragone, D. and Cavaletto C.G., 2006. Sensory Evaluation of Fruit Quality and Nutritional Composition of 20 Breadfruit (Artocarpus , Moracea) Cultivars. Economic Botany 60(4):335-346. [9]. Ragone, D., Jones, A. M. P., Murch, S. J., Wiseman, J., 2013. Morphological Diversity in Breadfruit (Artocarpus, Moraceae): Insights into Domestication, Conservation, and Cultivar Identification. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 60(1): 175- 192. [10]. Ragone, D., Elevitch, C., Cole. I., 2014. Breadfruit Production Guide: Recommended practices for Growing, Harvesting, and Handling. 2nd Edition. Breadfruit Institute, National Tropical Botanical Garden & Hawaii Homegrown Food Network [11]. Ragone, D., 2014. Breadfruit Nutritional Value and Versatility. Breadfruit Institute of the National Tropical Botanical Garden and the Hawai’i Homegrown Food Network. Department of Agriculture, Hawaii. Version 2014.01.03 [12]. Soetjipto, N.N and Lubis, A.S., 1981. Vegetables: I.B.P.G.R Secretariat, Rome pp:330. [13]. Thirunanvoukkarasu, M., Brahman, M., and Dhal, N.K., 2004. Vegetative Propagation of Hymena Courbaril by Air Layering. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 16(2): 268-270.
Puran Bridgemohan, Musa El S. Mohamed, Arjune Ramoutar, Kimberly Singh, and Ronell Bridgemohan "Air Layering (Marcotting) of Breadfruit (Artocarpus Altilis)" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-(IJRSI) vol.3 issue 9, pp.01-04 2016
Since the devastating effect of HEMP on electronics in the military field has been known for a long time, all military systems are equipped with efficient protection against the impact of HEMP. However, HEMP is equally dangerous for all civil electronics used in almost every section of today's most important infrastructure of any country, for instance the power industry. These days, the protection of power system electronics against HEMP that is capable of disturbing its normal operation or even to completely disable it, becomes extremely important. This article explains special aspects related to testing power system electronics resilience to HEMP and discusses the selection of a proper target, methods, and test pulse parameters.
- Page(s): 05-11
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Vladimir GurevichCentral Electric Laboratory, Israel Electric Corp., POB 10, Haifa 31000, Israel
References
[1]. Gurevich V. Cyber and Electromagnetic Threats in Modern Relay Protection. – Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2015, 205 p. [2]. Gurevich V. Protection of Substation Critical Equipment against Intentional Electromagnetic Threats. – Willey, 2016, 300 p. [3]. Gurevich V. I. EMP and Its Impact on Electrical Power System: Standards and Reports. – Problems of Power Engineering, 2016. [4]. IEC 61000-4-25 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-25: Testing and measurement techniques - HEMP immunity test methods for equipment and systems. [5]. MIL-STD-461F Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment, RS105, 2007. [6]. Gurevich V. I. Problems in Testing Digital Protective Relays for Immunity to Intentional Destructive Electromagnetic Impacts. Continuation of the Theme. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, 2015, No. 6, pp. 66-69.
Vladimir Gurevich "Features of High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Resilience Test Methods for Power System Electronics" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.05-11 2016
We develop a novel technique for resizable Hadoop cluster’s lower bounds, the template matching rectangular array of wavelet filter expressions. Specifically, fix an arbitrary hybrid kernel function f:{0,1}n ->{0,1} and let Af be the rectangular array of wavelet filter expressions whose columns are each an application of f to some subset of the variables x1, x2,... x4n. We prove that Af has bounded-capacity resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity omega(d) , where d is the approximate degree of f . This finding remains valid in the MapReduce programming model, regardless of prior measurement. In particular, it gives a new and simple proof of lower bounds for robustness and other symmetric conjunctive predicates. We further characterize the discrepancy, approximate PageRank, and approximate trace distance norm of Af in terms of well-studied analytic properties of f , broadly generalizing several findings on small-bias resizable Hadoop cluster and agnostic inference. The method of this paper has also enabled important progress in multi-cloud resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity.
- Page(s): 12-30
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash GSenior Professor Research, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Dodaballapur Road, Avalahalli Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
References
[1]. Ravi Prakash G, Kiran M and Saikat Mukherjee. 2014. On Randomized Preference Limitation Protocol for Quantifiable Shuffle and Sort Behavioral Implications in MapReduce Programming Model. Parallel & Cloud Computing 3, Issue 1, 1-14. [2]. Greenlaw, R. and Kantabutra. 2008. On the parallel complexity of hierarchical clustering and CC-complete problems. Complexity 14, 18- 28. (doi:10.1002/cplx.20238) [3]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. 2014. On The Least Economical MapReduce Sets for Summarization Expressions. International Journal of Computer Applications 94, 13-20. (doi: 10.5120/16354-5732) [4]. Amazon Elastic MapReduce. http://aws.amazon.com/elasticmapreduce/ [5]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Problems on Inverted Index Summarization Expressions for Resizable Hadoop Cluster Channel and Cluster Complexity" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS), Volume V, Issue V, May 2016, Pages: 1-19, ISSN 2278 – 2540 [6]. N. Ailon, B. Chazelle, S. Comandur, D. Liu. 2007. Estimating the Distance to a Monotone Function. Random Structures and Algorithms 31, 371-383. (doi:10.1002/rsa.20167) [7]. A. Gavish, Abraham Lempel. 1996. Match-length functions for data compression. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 1375-1380. (doi:10.1109/18.532879) [8]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Is it Consistent with Counting that any Summarization Expressions with Resizable Hadoop Cluster Channel have a Cluster Complexity?" International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM), Volume-03, Issue-06, June 2016, Pages: 135-152, ISSN: 2349- 2058. [9]. Ping Wah Wong. 1997. Rate distortion efficiency of subband coding with crossband prediction. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 43, 352-356. (doi:10.1109/18.567761) [10]. A. Lafourcade, Alexander Vardy. 1996. Optimal sectionalization of a trellis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 689-703. (doi: 10.1109/18.490504) [11]. T.M. Cover. 1998. Comments on Broadcast Channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2524-2530. (doi: 10.1109/18.720547) [12]. A. Lapidoth and P. Narayan. 1998. Reliable Communication Under Channel Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2148-2177. (doi:10.1109/18.720535) [13]. Ralph Lorentzen, Raymond Nilsen. 1991. Application of linear programming to the optimal difference triangle set problem (Corresp.). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37, 1486-1488. (doi:10.1109/18.133274) [14]. Alfred J. Menezes, Tatsuaki Okamoto, Scott A. Vanstone. 1993. Reducing elliptic curve logarithms to logarithms in a finite field. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, 1639-1646. (doi:10.1109/18.259647) [15]. Leo Breiman. 1993. Hinging hyperplanes for regression, classification, and function approximation. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, 999-1013. (doi:10.1109/18.256506) [16]. S. R. Kulkarni, D. N.C. Tse. 1994. A paradigm for class identification problems. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 696-705. (doi:10.1109/18.335881) [17]. Donald Miner, Adam Shook, 2013, "MapReduce Design Patterns" O’Reilly Media, Inc.: 978-1-449-32717-0. [18]. Rudolf F. Ahlswede, Zhen Zhang. 1994. On multiuser write-efficient memories. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 674-686. (doi:10.1109/18.335880) [19]. B. Chazelle. 2000. The Discrepancy Method: Randomness and Complexity. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-77093-9. [20]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. A Trace Bound for the Hereditary Discrepancy. Discrete Computational. Geom. 26, 221-231. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0030-2) [21]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. The Discrepancy of Boxes in Higher Dimension. Discrete Computational. Geom. 25, 519-524. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0014-2) [22]. B. Chazelle, J. Matoušek, M. Sharir. 1995. An Elementary Approach to Lower Bounds in Geometric Discrepancy. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 363-381. (doi:10.1007/BF02574050) [23]. E. Arikan. 1994. An upper bound on the zero-error list-coding capacity. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 1237-1240. (doi:10.1109/18.335947) [24]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir. 1991. A Singly Exponential Stratification Scheme for Real Semi-Algebraic Varieties and Its Applications. Theoretical Computer Science 84, 77-105. (doi:10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y) [25]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "How economical are Bounds on Inverted Index Summarization for Calculating Hadoop Channel?" International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS), Volume 11 – No. 1, June 2016, Pages: 19-35 ISSN ISSN : 2249-0868 [26]. B. Chazelle. 1999. Discrepancy Bounds for Geometric Set Systems with Square Incidence Matrices. Advances in Discrete and Computational Geometry, Contemporary Mathematics AMS 223, 103-107. [27]. B. Chazelle. 2004. The Discrepancy Method in Computational Geometry. Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, CRC Press 44, 983-996. [28]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2010. LEMO-MR: Low Overhead and Elastic MapReduce Implementation Optimized for Memory and CPUIntensive Applications. IEEE Second International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 1-8. (doi:10.1109/CloudCom.2010.45) [29]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2011. DELMA: Dynamically Elastic MapReduce Framework for CPU-Intensive Applications. 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 454-463. (doi: 10.1109/CCGrid.2011.71) [30]. Iordache, A.; Morin, C.; Parlavantzas, N.; Feller, E.; Riteau, P. 2013. Resilin: Elastic MapReduce over Multiple Clouds. 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 261-268. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2013.48) [31]. XiaoyongXu; Maolin Tang. 2013. A comparative study of the semielastic and fully-elastic mapreduce models. IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC), 380-385. (doi:10.1109/GrC.2013.6740440) [32]. Wei Xiang Goh; Kian-Lee Tan. 2014. Elastic MapReduce Execution. 14th IEEE/ACM, International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 216-225. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2014.14) [33]. B. Chazelle, W. Mulzer. 2011. Computing Hereditary Convex Structures. Discrete Comput. Geom. 45, 796-823. (doi:10.1007/s00454- 011-9346-8) [34]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, M. Grigni, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir, E. Welzl. 1995. Improved Bounds on Weak ε-Nets for Convex Sets. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 1-15. (doi:10.1007/BF02574025) [35]. David P. Williamson, David B. Shmoys. 2011. The Design of Approximation Algorithms.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521- 19527-0. [36]. Oded Goldreich. 2008. Computational Complexity: A Conceptual Perspective.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-88473-0. [37]. Sanjeev Arora, Boaz Barak. 2009. Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-42426-4. [38]. Dimitri P. Bertsekas, Convex Optimization Algorithms, Athena Scientific, Hardcover Edition ISBN: 1-886529-28-0, 978-1-886529-28- 1, Publication: February, 2015, 576 pages. [39]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Does there exist lower bounds on numerical summarization for calculating aggregate resizable Hadoop channel and complexity?" International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology, April 2016, Pages: 26-44, ISSN: 2319:2682. [40]. Gilbert Strang and Truong Nguyen. 1996. Wavelets and filter banks, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 2nd Ed, ISBN 09614088 71. [41]. Kevin P. Murphy. 2012. Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective. The MIT Press. [42]. Koller and Nir Friedman. 2009. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques - Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning. The MIT Press.
Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G "Necessary & Sufficient Conditions for Wavelet Filter Convergence of Lower Bounds to their Resizable Hadoop Channels" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.12-30 2016
Scombroid fish poisoning is food borne chemical intoxication, found to be associated with consumption of scombroid fish containing unusually high levels of biogenic amines histamine, cadaverine and putrescine. Fish belonging to non scombroid group such as mahi-mahi, anchovies and sardines have also been implicated in such food poisoning. In this study, biogenic amines forming bacteria were screened and investigated from fish samples of Thane District. Among 54 strains isolated, 23 strains were histamine formers, 12 were cadaverine formers and 17 were putrescine formers. The study showed that all the fish samples tested had histamine levels much above the defect action level of FDA. Cadaverine and putrescine forming bacteria were isolated from both fresh and salted fish samples which indicate that cadaverine and putrescine formed in these samples would act to decrease threshold dose of histamine to provoke an adverse reaction in humans and thus contribute to scromboid toxicity by acting as potentiators of histamine.
- Page(s): 31-33
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Pradnya A. JoshiDepartment of Microbiology L.D. Sonawane College, Kalyan 421304, India
- Vishal BhoirDepartment of Microbiology L.D. Sonawane College, Kalyan 421304, India
[1] Taylor S. L., (1986). Histamine food poisoning: Toxicology and clinical aspects. Crit. Rev.Toxicol.; 17: 91-128. [2] Eitenmiller R., Orr J.,Wallis W. (1982). Histamine formation in fish: microbiological and biochemical conditions. In : Chemistry and biochemistry of marine food products. Martin R, Flick G, Hebard C, Ward D. AVI publishing, Westport, CT.; pp: 39-50. [3] Taylor S., Stratton J., Nordle J. (1989). Histamine poisoning (scombroid fish poisoning): an allrgy like intoxification. Cli. Toxicol.; 27: 225-240. [4] Shakila R., Lakshmanan R. and Jeyasekaran G. (2002). Incidence of amine forming bacteria in the commercial fish samples of Tuticorin region. Ind J. Microbiol.; 42: 147-150. [5] Stratton J.E., Hutkins W.R., Taylor S.L. (1991). Biogenic amines in cheese and other fermented foods. A review. J. Food Prot.; 54: 460-470. [6] Chin, K.W., Garriga M.M., Metcalfe, D.D. (1989). The histamine content of oriental foods. Food Chem. Toxicol.; 27 (5): 283–287. [7] Lehane L., Olley J. (2000). Histamine fish poisoning revisited. Int. J Food Microbiol.; 58: 1–37. [8] Bjeldanes, L.F., Schutz, D.E., Morris, M.M. (1978). On the aetiology of scombroid poisoning: cadaverine potentiation of histamine toxicity in the guinea pig. Food Cosmetic Toxicol.; 16 (2): 157–159. [9] Taylor S.L., Guthertiz L.S., Leatherwood M., Lieber E.R. (1979). Histamine production by Klebsiella pneumonia and an incident of scombroid fish poisoning. Appl. Environ. Microbial.; 37: 394-398. [10] Lyons, D.E., Beery, J.T., Lyons, S.A., Taylor, S.L. (1983). Cadaverine and amino guanidine potentiate the uptake of histamine in vitro in perfused intestinal segments of rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.; 70: 445–458. [11] Arnold S. H., Brown W. D. (1978). Histamine toxicity from fish products. Adv. Food Res.; 34:113-154. [12] Mongar, J.L. (1957). Effect of chain length of aliphatic amines on histamine potentiation and release. Br J. Pharmacol.; 12: 140–148. [13] Niven C., Jeffrey B., Corlett D. (1981). Differential platting medium for quantitative detection of histamine producing bacteria from scombroid fish and mahi mahi. Appl. Environ. Microbial.; 41:321-322. [14] Patange S., Mukundan M., Kumar A. (2005). A simple and rapid method for colorimetric determination of histamine in fish flesh. J. Food Control.; 16: 465-472. [15] Ismail M., Poole S., Hilton C., Gary D. (2008). Quantitative assessment of total and Gram positive aerobic bacteria in fresh and ambient temperature stored sub tropical marine fish. World J Microbiol Biotechnol.; 24:1867–1875. [16] Ababouch L., Afilal M., Benabdeljelil H. (1991). Quantitative changes in bacteria, amino acids and biogenic amines in sardine (Sardina pilchardus) stored at ambient temperature (25–28̊C) in ice. Int J Food Sci Technol.; 26: 297–306. [17] Lakshmanan R., Shakila R., Jeyasekaran G. (2002). Survival of amine forming bacteria during the ice storage of fish and shrimp. Food Microbiol.; 19 :617–625. [18] Jeyasekaran G., Shakila J. (2003). Occurrence of biogenic amine forming bacteria in cured fishery products of Thoothukkudi region of Tamil Nadu, India. Asian Fisheries Sci.; 16:195-202. [19] Huss HH. (1995). Quality and quality changes in fresh fish, FAO fisheries series no.348, Government of Denmark, Rome.; pp:195. [20] Clifford, M.N., Walker, R., Ijomah, P., Wright, J., Murray, C.K., Hardy, R. (1991). Is there a role for amines other than histamines in the aetiology of scombrotoxicosis? Food Addit. Contam.; 8 (5): 641–652. [21] Subburaj, M., Karunasagar, I., Karunasagar, I. (1984). Incidence of histidine decarboxylating bacteria in fish and market environment. Food Microbiol.; 1: 263–267.
Pradnya A. Joshi, Vishal Bhoir "Fish Spoilage by Amine Forming Bacteria in Commercial Fish Samples" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.31-33 2016
We develop a novel technique for resizable Hadoop cluster’s lower bounds, template matching rectangular array of recursive image filter expressions. Specifically, fix an arbitrary hybrid kernel function f:{0,1}n ->{0,1} and let Af be the rectangular array of recursive image filter expressions whose columns are each an application of f to some subset of the variables x1, x2,... x4n. We prove that Af has bounded-capacity resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity omega(d) , where d is the approximate degree of f . This finding remains valid in the MapReduce programming model, regardless of prior measurement. In particular, it gives a new and simple proof of lower bounds for robustness and other symmetric conjunctive predicates. We further characterize the discrepancy, approximate PageRank, and approximate trace distance norm of Af in terms of well-studied analytic properties of f , broadly generalizing several findings on small-bias resizable Hadoop cluster and agnostic inference. The method of this paper has also enabled important progress in multi-cloud resizable Hadoop cluster’s complexity.
- Page(s): 34-52
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash GSenior Professor Research, BMS Institute of Technology & Management, Dodaballapur Road, Avalahalli Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
References
[1]. Ravi Prakash G, Kiran M and Saikat Mukherjee. 2014. On Randomized Preference Limitation Protocol for Quantifiable Shuffle and Sort Behavioral Implications in MapReduce Programming Model. Parallel & Cloud Computing 3, Issue 1, 1-14. [2]. Greenlaw, R. and Kantabutra. 2008. On the parallel complexity of hierarchical clustering and CC-complete problems. Complexity 14, 18- 28. (doi:10.1002/cplx.20238) [3]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. 2014. On The Least Economical MapReduce Sets for Summarization Expressions. International Journal of Computer Applications 94, 13-20. (doi: 10.5120/16354-5732) [4]. Amazon Elastic MapReduce. http://aws.amazon.com/elasticmapreduce/ [5]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Problems on Inverted Index Summarization Expressions for Resizable Hadoop Cluster Channel and Cluster Complexity" International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS), Volume V, Issue V, May 2016, Pages: 1-19, ISSN 2278 – 2540 [6]. N. Ailon, B. Chazelle, S. Comandur, D. Liu. 2007. Estimating the Distance to a Monotone Function. Random Structures and Algorithms 31, 371-383. (doi:10.1002/rsa.20167) [7]. A. Gavish, Abraham Lempel. 1996. Match-length functions for data compression. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 1375-1380. (doi:10.1109/18.532879) [8]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Is it Consistent with Counting that any Summarization Expressions with Resizable Hadoop Cluster Channel have a Cluster Complexity?" International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM), Volume-03, Issue-06, June 2016, Pages: 135-152, ISSN: 2349- 2058. [9]. Ping Wah Wong. 1997. Rate distortion efficiency of subband coding with crossband prediction. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 43, 352-356. (doi:10.1109/18.567761) [10]. A. Lafourcade, Alexander Vardy. 1996. Optimal sectionalization of a trellis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, 689-703. (doi: 10.1109/18.490504) [11]. T.M. Cover. 1998. Comments on Broadcast Channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2524-2530. (doi: 10.1109/18.720547) [12]. A. Lapidoth and P. Narayan. 1998. Reliable Communication Under Channel Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, 2148-2177. (doi:10.1109/18.720535) [13]. David K. Ruch, Patrick J. Van Fleet, (October 2009). Wavelet Theory: An Elementary Approach with Applications, 504 pages pages, SBN: 978-0-470-38840-2. [14]. Prakash; Ravinder (June 2011), Recursive image filtering, US Patent 7,961,930 [15]. Leo Breiman. 1993. Hinging hyperplanes for regression, classification, and function approximation. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, 999-1013. (doi:10.1109/18.256506) [16]. S. R. Kulkarni, D. N.C. Tse. 1994. A paradigm for class identification problems. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 696-705. (doi:10.1109/18.335881) [17]. Donald Miner, Adam Shook, 2013, "MapReduce Design Patterns" O’Reilly Media, Inc.: 978-1-449-32717-0. [18]. Rudolf F. Ahlswede, Zhen Zhang. 1994. On multiuser write-efficient memories. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 674-686. (doi:10.1109/18.335880) [19]. B. Chazelle. 2000. The Discrepancy Method: Randomness and Complexity. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-77093-9. [20]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. A Trace Bound for the Hereditary Discrepancy. Discrete Computational. Geom. 26, 221-231. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0030-2) [21]. B. Chazelle, A. Lvov. 2001. The Discrepancy of Boxes in Higher Dimension. Discrete Computational. Geom. 25, 519-524. (doi:10.1007/s00454-001-0014-2) [22]. B. Chazelle, J. Matoušek, M. Sharir. 1995. An Elementary Approach to Lower Bounds in Geometric Discrepancy. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 363-381. (doi:10.1007/BF02574050) [23]. E. Arikan. 1994. An upper bound on the zero-error list-coding capacity. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, 1237-1240. (doi:10.1109/18.335947) [24]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir. 1991. A Singly Exponential Stratification Scheme for Real Semi-Algebraic Varieties and Its Applications. Theoretical Computer Science 84, 77-105. (doi:10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y) [25]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "How economical are Bounds on Inverted Index Summarization for Calculating Hadoop Channel?" International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS), Volume 11 – No. 1, June 2016, Pages: 19-35 ISSN ISSN : 2249-0868 [26]. B. Chazelle. 1999. Discrepancy Bounds for Geometric Set Systems with Square Incidence Matrices. Advances in Discrete and Computational Geometry, Contemporary Mathematics AMS 223, 103-107. [27]. B. Chazelle. 2004. The Discrepancy Method in Computational Geometry. Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry, CRC Press 44, 983-996. [28]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2010. LEMO-MR: Low Overhead and Elastic MapReduce Implementation Optimized for Memory and CPUIntensive Applications. IEEE Second International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 1-8. (doi:10.1109/CloudCom.2010.45) [29]. Fadika, Z.; Govindaraju, M. 2011. DELMA: Dynamically Elastic MapReduce Framework for CPU-Intensive Applications. 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 454-463. (doi: 10.1109/CCGrid.2011.71) [30]. Iordache, A.; Morin, C.; Parlavantzas, N.; Feller, E.; Riteau, P. 2013. Resilin: Elastic MapReduce over Multiple Clouds. 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 261-268. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2013.48) [31]. XiaoyongXu; Maolin Tang. 2013. A comparative study of the semielastic and fully-elastic mapreduce models. IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC), 380-385. (doi:10.1109/GrC.2013.6740440) [32]. Wei Xiang Goh; Kian-Lee Tan. 2014. Elastic MapReduce Execution. 14th IEEE/ACM, International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 216-225. (doi:10.1109/CCGrid.2014.14) [33]. B. Chazelle, W. Mulzer. 2011. Computing Hereditary Convex Structures. Discrete Comput. Geom. 45, 796-823. (doi:10.1007/s00454- 011-9346-8) [34]. B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, M. Grigni, L.J. Guibas, M. Sharir, E. Welzl. 1995. Improved Bounds on Weak ε-Nets for Convex Sets. Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, 1-15. (doi:10.1007/BF02574025) [35]. David P. Williamson, David B. Shmoys. 2011. The Design of Approximation Algorithms.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521- 19527-0. [36]. Oded Goldreich. 2008. Computational Complexity: A Conceptual Perspective.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-88473-0. [37]. Sanjeev Arora, Boaz Barak. 2009. Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach.Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-42426-4. [38]. Dimitri P. Bertsekas, Convex Optimization Algorithms, Athena Scientific, Hardcover Edition ISBN: 1-886529-28-0, 978-1-886529-28- 1, Publication: February, 2015, 576 pages. [39]. Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G, Kiran M. "Does there exist lower bounds on numerical summarization for calculating aggregate resizable Hadoop channel and complexity?" International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology, April 2016, Pages: 26-44, ISSN: 2319:2682. [40]. Patrick Van Flee, (January 2008). Discrete Wavelet Transformations: An Elementary Approach with Applications, 572 pages, ISBN: 978-0- 470-18311-3.. [41]. Kevin P. Murphy. 2012. Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective. The MIT Press. [42]. Koller and Nir Friedman. 2009. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques - Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning. The MIT Press.
Ravi (Ravinder) Prakash G "Necessary & Sufficient Conditions for Recursive Image Filter Convergence of Hadoop Channels to their Homogeneous Lower Bounds" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.34-52 2016
A pot culture experiment was conducted on alfisols (red soil) at green house farm of the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hydeabad during kharif 2013 to study the innovative approache of effect of sewage sludge on growth and yield of marigold (Var. Happiness). The sewage sludge for present study was taken from Noor Mohammad Kunta-Sewage Treatment Plant (NMK-STP) which is situated 2.5 km away from College of Agriculture Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and necessary data was collected when ever required. There were seven treatments consisting of T1 (20% sewage sludge), T2 (40% sewage sludge), T3 (60% sewage sludge), T4 (80% sewage sludge), T5 (100% sewage sludge), T6 (RDF - Inorganic N, P and K @ 100, 100 and 100 kg ha-1, respectively) and T7 (Control). Results indicated that sewage sludge can be safly used as a rich organic matter for realizing marigold yield instide of inorganic fertilizers with ecofriendlly manners. Among treatments, T5 (100% sewage sludge) was found to be significantly supirior in all observed parameters.
- Page(s): 53-55
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Praveen SolankiDept. of Environmental Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India.
- Baby AkulaDept. of Environmental Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India.
- S. Harish Kumar SharmaDept. of Environmental Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India.
- D. Jagdishwar ReddyDept. of Environmental Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India.
Reference
[1]. Akdeniz, H., Yilmaz, I., Bozkurt, M. A and Keskin, B. 2006. The effect of sewage sludge and nitrogen applications on grain sorghum grown (Sorghum vulgare L.) in van-Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 15 (1):19-26. [2]. Begum, A. 2011. Evaluation on municipal sewage sludge vermicompost on two cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants. International Journal of Chemical Technology Research. 3 (3): 1184-1188. [3]. Bhaskarachary K., Rao D. S. S, Deosthale Y. G and Reddy Ninodini. 1995. Carotene content of some lemon and less familiar foods of plant origin. Food Chemistry. 55: 189-193. [4]. Indian Statistical Data Base. 2013. www. In di as ta t.c om /t ab le /a gr ic u l ture/2/totalflowers/17462/381147/data.aspx. [5]. Kanbi V. H and R. Bhatnagar. 2005. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on yield, chlorophyll content, dry matter and keeping quality of potato. Potato Journal. 32: 161-62. [6]. Mishra, R. K., Singh, G and Chaurasia, S. N. S. 2005. Effect of sources of nutrients on performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Science. 42: 52-57. [7]. Robert Edwin White, Silvana I. Torri and Rodrigo Studart Correa. 2011. Biosolids Soil Application: Agronomic and Environmental Implications. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. Volume 2011, Article ID 928973, 3 pages doi:10.1155/2011/928973. [8]. Singh, R. P and Agrawal, M. 2009. Use of sewage sludge as fertilizer supplement for Abelmoschus esculentus plants: physiological, biochemical and growth responses. International Journal Environmental Waste Management. 3: 91-106. [9]. Sinha, S., Singh, S and Mallick, S. 2008. Comparative growth response of two varieties of Vigna radiata L. (var. PDM 54 and var. NM 1) grown on different tannery sludge applications: effects of treated wastewater and ground water used for irrigation.
Praveen Solanki, Baby Akula, S. Harish Kumar Sharma and D. Jagdishwar Reddy "Effect of Sewage Sludge on Marigold (Tagetes erecta )" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.53-55 2016
Urbanization is a spatial concomitant phenomenon involving the process of population concentration, structural transformation and socio- psychological change to adopt urbanism as a way of life. Urbanization which was seen as the hallmark of economic development and civilization brought many of its ills. The urban systems have played an important role in transforming the society with setting of major social, economic and political change. The tremendous pace of growth of urban system overburden on infrastructure, resources with concomitant effect on living condition and their climatic attributes too. The present article deals with the impact of urbanization on human environment in term of climate changes. As the structural changes destroy existing microclimate and create new ones of complexity depends on the design, density and function of the buildings of urban system. This great internal variation of urban climatic influences by modification of atmospheric composition, heat budget or surface characteristics. The present article also emphasize on urban climatic conditions dominated by geometry, composition of builtup surface and by human urban activates which represents the domain of micrometrology or boundary layer climates of urban system so far (Meiss, M. 1979).
- Page(s): 56-57
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Anil Kumar DularDepartment of Environmental Science, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, India.
- Vimal PoswalRajasthan State Pollution Control Board, India.
- Siddharth GoelE 52A, L B Nagar, Avenue -3, J.L.N Marg, Jaipur, India.
References
[1]. Adebayo,Y.R 1991 Heat island in a humid tropical city and its relationship with potential evaporation, Theoret. and App. Climatology 43,137-47. [2]. Bach,W.1979 Short term climatic alterations caused by human activities,Prog.Phys.Geog.3(1),55-83. [3]. Changnon, S.A.1979 What to do about urban generated weather and climate changes.J.Amer.Plan. Assn 45(1),36-48. [4]. Meiss, M. 1979 The climate of cities;in Laurie,I.C.(ed) Nature in cities, Wiley, Chichester,91-104. [5]. Oke,T.R.1980 Climatic impacts of urbanization in Bach, w., Pankranth,J.and Williams,J.(eds) Interaction of of energy and climate, D. Reidel, Dordreccth, 339-56. [6]. Roger, G. Bary and Richard J.Chorley 1998 Atmosphere, Weather and Climate Seventh edition Pub. Routledge NY 10001. [7]. Terjung, W.H. and O. Rourke, P.A 1980 Simulating the causal elements of urban heat islands, Boundary Met. 19,93-118.
Anil Kumar Dular,Vimal Poswal, Siddharth Goel "Urbanization and Urban Climate: An Overview of Synoptic Transformation of Spatial Environment" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.56-57 2016
This project investigates change in micro structure; hardness and wear resistance of friction stir processed copper in multiple passes with the help graphite powder. The behavior of copper with graphite powder has been studied with single pass, double pass, triple passé and four passes. A 6 mm triangular pin and 19.95 mm diameter shoulder tool has been used for processing. The optical microscopy (OM) results are also presented for each case. The objective of this project is to investigate change in micro structure, hardness and wear resistance of friction stir processed copper in multiple passes with the help graphite powder. Friction stir processing has the advantage of reducing distortion and defects in the materials. The hardness test, wear test and microstructure test has been successfully examined and results are analyzed.
- Page(s): 58-65
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Md. Noorul HodaM.Tech, Department of Mechanical Engineering DTU, Delhi-110042,, India
- Dr. Ranganath M.SingariAssociate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering DTU Delhi-110042, India
- V. Jeganathan ArulmoniAssociate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering DTU Delhi-110042, India
References
[1]. Jeganathan Arulmoni, Ranganath M S , R S Mishra, Effect of Process Parameters on Friction Stir Processed Copper and Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of the Composite Material. IRJSSE, 2 (2014) 4-6. [2]. M.-N. Avettand-Fènoël, A. Simar, R. Shabadi, R. Taillard, B. de Meester, Characterization of oxide dispersion strengthened copper based materials developed by friction stir processing. Materials and Design 60 (2014) 343–357. [3]. H.R. Akramifard, M. Shamanian, M. Sabbaghian, M. Esmailzadeh, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/SiC metal matrix composite fabricated via friction stir processing. Materials and Design 54 (2014) 838–844. [4]. L. Suvarna Raju, A. Kumar, Influence of Al2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing. Defense Technology 10 (2014) 375-383 [5]. M. Sabbaghian, M.Shamanian, H.R.Akramifard, M.Esmailzadeh, Effect of friction stir processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu–TiC composite. Ceramics International 40 (2014) 12969–12976. [6]. Esther T. Akinlabi1, Anthony Andrews, Stephen A. Akinlabi, Effects of processing parameters on corrosion properties of dissimilar friction stir welds of aluminum and copper. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 24 ( 2014) 1323−1330. [7]. Nan Xua,b, Rintaro Uejia, Hidetoshi Fujiia, Dynamic and static change of grain size and texture of copper during friction stir welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 232 (2016) 90–99. [8]. R. Sathiskumar, n. Murugan, i. Dinaharan, s.j. vijay, characterization of boron carbide particulate reinforced in situ copper surface composites synthesized using friction stir processing. 84 (2 0 1 3) 1 6 – 2 7. [9]. R. Sathiskumar, N. Murugan, I. Dinaharan, S.J. Vijay, Prediction of mechanical and wear properties of copper surface composites fabricated using friction stir processing. Materials and Design 55 (2014) 224–234. [10]. H. Sarmadi n, A.H.Kokabi, S.M.SeyedReihani, Friction and wear performance of copper–graphite surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP). 304(2013) 1–2. [11]. BahramA.Khiyavi, Abdolhossein Jalali Aghchai, Mohammadreza Arbabtafti, Mohammad Kazem Besharati Givi, Jalal Jafari, Effect of friction stir processing on mechanical properties of surface composite of Cu reinforced with Cr particles, Advanced Materials Research 829 (2014) 851-856. [12]. I. Galvao, A. Loureiro and D. M. Rodrigues, Influence of process parameters on the mechanical enhancement of copper-DHP by FSP, Advanced Materials Research 445( 2012) 631-636.
Md. Noorul Hoda, Dr. Ranganath M.Singari, V. Jeganathan Arulmoni "Friction Stir Processing (FSP) of Copper and Enhancement of Its Mechanical Properties Using Graphite Powder (C)" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.58-65 2016
A DC-DC boost converter with voltage multiplier circuit is proposed for a PV system with Multi level inverter using Fuzzy logic. The voltage multiplier circuit consists of coupled inductors, capacitors, diodes for its operation. This circuit can be used to get wide range of voltage gain because of its coupled inductor. The system design not only reduces the voltage stress but also it reduces the output current ripple. Also this system reduces the conduction losses in the metal oxide semiconductor switches. It functions similar to the clamp circuit, which alleviates the voltage spikes across the switches. The boosted DC output obtained from this system is inverted to AC by a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, whose switching is controlled by the Fuzzy logic controller, in which the harmonics are controlled thereby increasing the performance of the output.
- Page(s): 66-70
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Abragam Siyon Sing MAsst. Professor, Department of EEE, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Brindha SPG Scholar, Department of EEE, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India..
References
[1]. C. Hua, J. Lin, and C. Shen, “Implementation of a DSP-controlled photovoltaic system with peak power tracking,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 99–107, Feb. 1998. [2]. J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C. P. Guisado, M. A. M Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. Moreno-Alfonso, “Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002– 1016, Jun. 2006. [3]. J. T. Bialasiewicz, “Renewable energy systems with photovoltaic power generators: Operation and modeling,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2752–2758, Jul. 2008. [4]. Y. Xiong, X. Cheng, Z. J. Shen, C. Mi, H.Wu, and V. K. Garg, “Prognostic and warning system for power-electronic modules in electric, hybrid electric, and fuel-cell vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2268–2276, Jun. 2008. [5]. F. S. Pai, “An improved utility interface for micro-turbine generation system with stand-alone operation capabilities,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1529–1537, Oct. 2006. [6]. K. C. Tseng and T. J. Liang, “Novel high-efficiency step-up converter,” IEE Proc. Elect. Power Appl, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 182– 190, Mar. 2004. [7]. T. J. Liang and K. C. Tseng, “Analysis of integrated boost–flyback step-up converter,” IEE Proc. Elect. Power Appl., vol. 152, no. 2, pp. 217–225, Mar. 2005. [8]. R. J.Wai and R. Y. Duan, “High step-up converter with coupledinductor,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1025– 1035, Sep. 2005. [9]. R. J. Wai, C. Y. Lin, R. Y. Duan, and Y. R. Chang, “Highefficiency DC–DC converter with high voltage gain and reduced switch stress,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 354– 364, Feb. 2007. [10]. S. K. Chang chien, T. J. Liang, J. F. Chen, and L. S. Yang, “Novel high step-up DC-DC converter for fuel cell energy conversion system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 2007– 2017, Jun. 2010. [11]. W. Li and X. He, “An interleaved winding-coupled boost converter with passive lossless clamp circuits,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1499–1507, Jul. 2007. [12]. W. Li and X. He, “A family of isolated interleaved boost and buck converters with winding-cross-coupled inductors,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 3164–3173, Nov. 2008. [13]. D.Wang, X. He, and J. Shi, “Design and analysis of an interleaved fly back– forward boost converter with the current auto balance characteristic,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 489–498, Feb. 2010. [14]. W. Li, Y. Zhao, Y. Deng, and X. He, “Interleaved converter with voltage multiplier cell for high step-up and high-efficiency conversion,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 2397–2408, Sep. 2010. [15]. Kuo-Ching Tseng, Chi-Chih Huang, and Wei-Yuan Shih, “A High Step-Up Converter With a Voltage Multiplier Module for a Photovoltaic System IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,, vol. 28, no. 6, june 2013 [16]. Bakhshai.A, Jain.P and, Khajehoddi, “The application of the cascaded multilevel converters in grid connected photovoltaic systems,” In Proc. IEEE Epc, Montreal, Qc,Canada. July 2007. [17]. M. Tolbert, F. Z. Peng, T. G. Habetler, 1999,“Multilevel converters for large electric drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 36-44. [18]. L. G. Franquelo, J. Rodriguez, J. I. Leon, S. Kouko, R. Portillo, and M. A. M. Prats, “The age of multilevel converters arrives,” IEEE Ind.Electron. Mag., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 28–39, Jun. 2008. [19]. Jose Rodriguez, Jin-Sheng Lai and Fang Zheng, 2002, “Multi level Inverters: A survey of topologies, Control applications,” IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.49, No. 4, pp. 724-738. [20]. Carlo Cecati, Fabrizio Ciancetta, Pierluigi Siano, “A Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic Systems with Fuzzy Logic Control”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 4115 –4125, Dec. 2010.
Abragam Siyon Sing M, Brindha S "A DC-DC Boost Converter with Voltage Multiplier Module and Fuzzy Logic Based Inverter for Photovoltaic System" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.66-70 2016
Self - compacting concrete (SCC), flows into place and around obstructions under its own weight, is extensively applied in many construction projects. In recent years, manufactured sand produced by crushing of rock is being identified as a suitable alternative source for river sand in concrete. Mineral admixtures usually added to concrete in large amount to enhance workability of fresh state and durability of concrete in hardened state. This paper covers the effect of replacing river sand by manufactured sand on SCC produced by using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a filler material. Nan Su method is being used for mix design, optimum mix proportion finalised with 10 percent GGBS as replacement for cement at water – powder ratio of 0.34 for M50 grade concrete. The study has shown that SCC with 10 percent GGBS and 30 percent replacement of river sand by manufactured sand indicate fresh SCC within EFNARC guidelines and enhanced strength properties.
- Page(s): 71-74
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Gajendra KoliPost Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering KLE Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Udyambag, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, 590008.
- V. D. GundakalleProfessor, Department of Civil Engineering KLE Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Udyambag, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, 590008.
References
[1]. Nan Su, Kung-Chung Hsu, His-Wen Chai, A simple mix design method for self-compacting concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 31 (2001) 1799–1807. [2]. N. Bouzoubaa and M. Lachemi, Self-compacting concrete incorporating high volumes of class F fly ash Preliminary results, Cement and Concrete Research 31 (2001) 413±420. [3]. Mohammed Sonebi, Medium strength self-compacting concrete containing fly ash: Modelling using factorial experimental plans, Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004) 1199–1208. [4]. Erdogan Ozbay, Ahmet Oztas, Adil Baykasoglu, Hakan Ozbebek, Investigating mix proportions of high strength self compacting concrete by using taguchi method, construction and building materials 23 (2009) 694-702. [5]. L. D’Aloia Schwartzentruber, R. Le Roy, J. Cordin, Rheological behaviour of fresh cement pastes formulated froma Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), Cement and Concrete Research 36 (2006) 1203– 1213. [6]. P.L. Domone, A review of the hardened mechanical properties of selfcompacting concrete, Cement & Concrete Composites 29 (2007) 1– 12. [7]. Prakash Nanthagopalan, Fresh and Hardened properties of self – compacting concrete produces with manufacture sand, Cement and Concrete composites -March 2011 volume 33(3): 353 -358. [8]. Lafrenz JL. Aggregate grading control for PCC pavements; improving constructability of concrete pavements by assuring consistency of mixes. In: Proceedings of the fifth annual symposium International Centre for Aggregates Research, Texas; 1997. [9]. Quiroga PN. The effect of the aggregates characteristics on the performance of portland cement concrete. Ph.D. thesis. The university of Texas at Ausin; 2003 [10]. M. Vijaya Sekhar Reddy, M.C. Nataraja, M. Seshalalitha and I.V. Ramana Reddy, Mechanical properties of binery blended stardard concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag and robo sand, The Indian Concrete Journal -March 2015. [11]. M.Adams Joe, A.Maria Rajesh, Study on the effect of GGBS and MSand in self-compacting concrete, The international Journal of Engineering and Scince, Vol 4/ Issue 8- 2015.
Gajendra Koli, V. D. Gundakalle "Properties of Self Compacting Concrete using GGBS and Manufactured Sand" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.71-74 2016
The World Wide Web has been passed through different development stages since its’ inception. Web 1.0 provided a vector for exposure, and removed the geographical restrictions associated with a brick-and-mortar business. Web 2.0 enabled users to interact with each other to contribute in content creation through a social media dialogue. A huge database of documents created by Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 were human readable only. The emergence of Web 3.0 added machine readability to the web documents. Web 4.0 is considered as the future phenomena where the web will be symbiotic and always on. This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the World Wide Web from Web 1.0 to Web 4.0. It compares the features and technologies of these web generations.
- Page(s): 75-78
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Manishkumar R SolankiSr. Lecturer, Information Technology Department, Shri Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnic, Mumbai, India
- Abhijit DongaonkarSr. Lecturer, Computer Engineering Department, Shri Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnic, Mumbai, India
References
[1] Brian, Getting, (2007) “Basic Definitions: Web 1.0, Web. 2.0,Web
3.0”,
Manishkumar R Solanki, Abhijit Dongaonkar "A Journey of Human Comfort: Web 1.0 to Web 4.0" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.75-78 2016
The present investigation was aimed to study the new chemical compound from dichloromethane extract of Spinecia oleracea. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is widely distributed as a functional food due to its diverse nutritional composition, which includes carbohydrates vitamins and minerals, and to its phytochemicals that promote health and basic nutrition. It’s phytochemicals and bioactives, such as glycolipids, flavonoids, carotinoids and phenolic compounds, impart their health benefits. The biological activities contribute to the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, anthelmentic and hypolipidemic properties of spinach.
- Page(s): 79-85
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Namrata SinghSchool of Studies (SOS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.), India.
- Mukul TailangSchool of Studies (SOS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.), India.
- S. C. MehtaDepartment of Pharmacology, G R Medical College, Gwalior (M.P.) India.
References
[1]. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. 2005, Indian Medicinal plants. Vol. 8. Deharadun: International Book Distributors; 2078-2079. [2]. Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement).New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1956. [3]. Nasim F H, Andleeb S, Iqbal M, Ghous T, Khan A N, Akhtar K et al. (2012) African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 6(29), 2 August, 5847-5851. [4]. Annonymus. The wealth of India. (2004)Vol 5 (R-Z). New Delhi: National Institute of Science, Communication & Information Resources (CSIR); pp 146-7. [5]. Martin, H.D., Ruck, C., Schmidt, M., Sell, S., Beutner, S., Mayer, B. & Walsh, R. (1999) Chemistry of carotenoid oxidation and free radical reactions. Pure and applied chemistry, 71, 2253-2262. [6]. Krinsky, N.I. & Johnson, E.J. (2005) Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease. Molecular aspects of medicine 26, 459-516. [7]. Harborne, J.B. & Williams, C.A. (2000) Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry 55, 481-504. [8]. Mukherjee, P.K., ―Quality Control of Herbal Drugs‖, Business Horizons Pharmaceutical Publishers, 1st Edn., 2002, p.186-189, 193, 256-370. [9]. Srivastava, M.M., 2011. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). New York, Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London. [10]. Shukla, R., Ishola, I.O., Agbaje, O.E., Narender, T., Olufunmilayo, O.A., 2012. Bioactivity guided isolation of analgesic and antiinflammatory constituents of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) root. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 142, Issue 2, pp. 383–389.
Namrata Singh, Mukul Tailang and S.C. Mehta "Isolation and Characterization of New Triterpenoid Compound (α-Amyrin) from Dichloromethane Extract of Spinecia Oleracea" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.79-85 2016
The distance relays installed at substations continuously monitor the impedance. This impedance is called apparent impedance. During fault, the transmission line impedance restrict fault current, thus apparent impedance becomes transmission line impedance. This apparent impedance is significantly affected by fault resistance (tower footing resistance for SLG), prefault system conditions (i.e. load flow & voltage level), prefault system configuration (i.e. source impedance, in-feeds), shunt capacitance and mutual coupling of parallel lines. In this paper, the effects of all mentioned parameters are studied.
- Page(s):86-95
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Rahul SharmaAssistant ProfessorSuresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, India
- Apoorva SinghB.E.(Electrical) Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, India
References
[1] Prabha Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, Twelfth reprint Publisher: Tata MaGraw-Hill,pp.903-927 [2] Y.G.Paithankar,S.R.Bide, Fundamentals of Power System Protection, second edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd [3] G.E Alexander, J.G. Andrichak, “Distance Relay Application Guide”, GER-3199, a GE publication [4] G.E Alexander, J.G. Andrichak, W.Z .Tyska and S.B.Wilkinson, “Effects of Load Flow on Relay Performance”,GER-3743, a GE publication [5] G.E Alexander, J.G. Andrichak, “Ground Distance Relaying Problems and Principles”, General Electric Publication GER 3793 [6] Y.Q.Xai,K.K.Li,“ Adaptive relay setting for stand-alone digital distance protection”, IEE 2nd conference on advances in Power system Control, Operation and management, Dec.1993 [7] Y.Q.Xai, K.K.Li, A.K.David, “Consideration for adaptive distance relaying”, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,Vol.9,No.1,Jan.1994 [8] K.K.Li, L.L.Lai“ Ideal Operating region of Digital Distance Relay under High resistance fault”, EPSR43,pp.215-219,1997 [9] K.K.Li, L.L.Lai, “Stand-alone Intelligent digital distance relay ”, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol.15,No.1, Feb.2000 [10] B.Bhalja, R.P.Maheshwari “ High-Resistance fault on two terminal Transmission Line: Analysis, Simulation studies and an Adaptive Distance Relaying scheme”, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,Vol.22,No.2,pp.801-812,Apr.2007 [11] H. H. El-Tamaly a & H. A. Ziedan ,Fault Current Calculations as Influenced by Mutual Effect between Parallel Lines, : El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt, Publisher: Taylor & Francis,Jun.2007 [12] P.M.Anderson, Power System Protection, , Publisher: Wiley Inter science [13] J.Upendra, C.P.Gupta and G.K.Singh “Comprehensive adaptive distance relaying scheme for parallel transmission lines”, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,Vol.26,No.2,pp.1039-1052,Apr.2011
Rahul Sharma, Apoorva Singh "Transmission Line Trip Region for Single Line to Ground Fault in Various System Configuration and Operating Condition" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.86-95 2016
Multiculturalism is the phenomenon of multiple groups of cultures existing within one society, largely due to the arrival of immigrant communities, or the acceptance and advocacy of this phenomenon. The culture of India has been shaped by its long history, unique geography and diverse demography. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of multiculturalism in India.
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- Sukhdev
[1]. Luís Cordeiro Rodrigues “Multiculturalism”
www.iep.utm.edu/multicul/
[2]. “Multiculturalism and India”
www.socialsciences.in/article/multiculturalism-and-india
[3]. www. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiculturalism
[4]. Thomas L. Harper (13 January 2011). Dialogues in urban and
regional planning. Taylor & Francis. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-415-
59334-2.
[5]. Dominic, K. V. Multicultural Symphony. New Delhi: Gnosis,
2014. Print. “Vasudaiva Kutumbakam.” Web. 15 Dec. 2014.
[6]. Pope, Charles, Msgr. (May 15, 2011). "Is Multiculturalism Just
Another Form of Moral Relativism?" Archdiocese of Washington.
[7]. Rochana Bajpai, „Multiculturalism in India: An Exception?‟,
Sukhdev "A Study of Multiculturalism in India" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.96-97 2016
Urban Geography is related to concentrates on those parts of the Earth's surface that have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure. Predominantly towns and cities, these are settlements with a high population density and with the majority of economic activities in the secondary sector and tertiary sectors.
- Page(s): 98-101
- Date of Publication: 15 September 2016
- Pankaj
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[1]. Martin, D.G., "Chicago School" in D. Gregory, R. Johnston, G. Pratt, M. Watts and S. Whatmore, eds., The Dictionary of Human Geography, London: Blackwell, 2009. [2]. Flanagan, W., Contemporary Urban Sociology Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1993. [3]. Wirth, L., Urbanism as a Way of Life The American Journal of Sociology: Volume 44, Number 1, 1938. [4]. Trepl, L., City and Ecology Capitalism Nature Socialism: Volume 7, Number 2, 1996. [5]. Burgess, E., "The growth of the city: an introduction to a research project," in Park, R.E. (ed) The City, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 47-62, 1925. [6]. Sassen, S., New frontiers facing urban sociology at the millennium The British Journal of Sociology: Volume 51, Number 1, 2000. [7]. Park, R., The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. [8]. Wellman, B., The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers American Journal of Sociology: Volume 84, Number 4, 1979. [9]. Granovetter, M., "The Strength of Weak Ties", American Journal of Sociology,78(6), 1360-1380, 1973. [10]. Portes, A., and Sensenbrenner, J.,"Embeddedness and immigration: notes on the social determinants of economic action," American Journal of Sociology, 98, pp. 1320-1350, 1993. [11]. Oliver, E., Democracy in Suburbia Connecticut: Princeton University Press, 2001. [12]. "What is Urban Planning". Retrieved April 24, 2015. [13]. Van Assche, K., Beunen, R., Duineveld, M., & de Jong, H. (2013). Co-evolutions of planning and design: Risks and benefits of design perspectives in planning systems. Planning Theory, 12(2), 177-198. [14]. Taylor, Nigel (2007). Urban Planning Theory since 1945, London, Sage. [15]. "What Is Planning?". www.planning.org. Retrieved 2015-09-28. [16]. Davreu, Robert (1978). "Cities of Mystery: The Lost Empire of the Indus Valley". The World‘s Last Mysteries. (second edition). Sydney: Readers‘ Digest. pp. 121-129. ISBN 0-909486-61-1. [17]. Kolb, Frank (1984). Die Stadt im Altertum. München: Verlag C.H. Beck. pp. 51-141: Morris, A.E.J. (1972). History of Urban Form. Prehistory to the Renaissance. London. pp. 22-23. [18]. Boerefijn, Wim (2010). The foundation, planning and building of new towns in the 13th and 14th centuries in Europe. An architectural-historical research into urban form and its creation. Phd. thesis Universiteit van Amsterdam. ISBN 978-90-9025157-8. [19]. Jordan, David (1992). "Baron Haussmann and Modern Paris". American Scholar. 61 (1): 99. [20]. "urban planning". [21]. Smith Morris et al. British Town Planning and Urban Design, 1997, ISBN 0-582-23496-4, Longman, Singapore. [22]. "How Planners Use Planning Theory". Retrieved April 24, 2015. [23]. Smith, N., The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City, London: Routledge, 1996. [24]. Harvey, D., ""From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism". Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 71, pp. 3-17, 1989. [25]. Molotch, H., "The City as a Growth Machine: Toward a Political Economy of Place". American Journal of Sociology, 82(2), pp. 309–332, 1976. [26]. Carter;, Mitchell Duneier; with photographs by Ovie; Hasan, an afterword by Hakim (2001). Sidewalk (1st paperback ed.). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0374527253. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help) [27]. Dromi, Shai M. (December 2012). "Penny for your Thoughts: Beggars and the Exercise of Morality in Daily Life". Sociological Forum. 27 (4): 847–871. doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2012.01359.x. Retrieved November 18, 2012. [28]. Caro, R., The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York Vintage: New York, 1975. [29]. Basham, Richard (1978) "Urban Anthropology. The Cross- Cultural Study of Complex Societies", Mayfield Publishing Company. [30]. Fox, Richard G. (1977) "Urban Anthropology. Cities in their Cultural Settings", Prentice-Hall. [31]. Ulf Hannerz (1980) Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology, ISBN 0-231-08376-9 [32]. Gregory Eliyu Guldin, Aidan William Southall (eds.) (1993) Urban Anthropology in China, ISBN 90-04-08101-1 [33]. Jacqueline Knörr (2007) Kreolität und postkoloniale Gesellschaft. Integration und Differenzierung in Jakarta, Frankfurt & New York: Campus Verlag, ISBN 978-3-593-38344-6 [34]. Eames, Edwin. Anthropology of the City, An Introduction to Urban Anthropology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. [35]. Gmelch, George. Urban Life: Readings in the Anthropology of the City. 4th ed. Waveland Press, 2002. [36]. Low, Setha. Theorizing the City: The New Urban Anthropology Reader. Rutgers University Press, 2005. p 20 [37]. Pardo, Italo. Managing Existence in Naples: Morality, Action, and Structure. 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Pankaj "Urban Geography: A Review" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.98-101 2016
Political ecology is the study of the intersection and relationship between the political, broadly understood, and environmental and ecological phenomena. Political, economic, social, and cultural forces affect, and are affected by, ecological and environmental trends. In this paper, we studied about Political Ecology and its Scope and Influences, application.
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- Pankaj
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Pankaj "Political Ecology" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.102-103 2016
Social geography is the branch of human geography that is most closely related to social theory in general and sociology in particular, dealing with the relation of social phenomena and its spatial components. Though the term itself has a tradition of more than 100 years, there is no consensus on its explicit content. In 1968, Anne Buttimer noted that "[w]ith some notable exceptions, (...) social geography can be considered a field created and cultivated by a number of individual scholars rather than an academic tradition built up within particular schools". Since then, despite some calls for convergence centred on the structure and agency debate, its methodological, theoretical and topical diversity has spread even more, leading to numerours definitions of social geography and, therefore, contemporary scholars of the discipline identifying a great variety of different social geographies. However, as Benno Werlen remarked, these different perceptions are nothing else than different answers to the same two (sets of) questions, which refer to the spatial constitution of society on the one hand, and to the spatial expression of social processes on the other.
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- Sukhdev
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Sukhdev "Social Geography: A Review" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.132-137 2016
Climate is the average pattern of weather over the long term. Climate is the mix of weathers in a place in other words it is average weather. It includes variation in temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation (rain or snow), humidity, wind and atmospheric particle count. Climate patterns play a fundamental role in shaping natural ecosystems, and the human economies and cultures that depend on them and it is changing rapidly due increasing Co2, greenhouse effect etc. Increasing in temperature is one of the impacts of climate change and it is damage the ozone layer. In this paper we studied about what are the cause of climate change and effect of climate change on humans and others..
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Pawan "A Study of Impact and Causes of Climate Change" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.107-109 2016
Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. Urbanization is not merely a modern phenomenon, but a rapid and historic transformation of human social roots on a global scale, whereby predominantly rural culture is being rapidly replaced by predominantly urban culture. Urbanization is putting pressure on already strained water and land resources, creating competition between the urban and agricultural sectors. In this paper we studied about what are the cause of Urbanization and effect of Urbanization on us and environment.
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Pawan "Urbanization and Its Causes and Effects: A Review" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation-IJRSI vol.3 issue 9, pp.110-112 2016