Effect of Mn and Sb Doping on Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient and Mechanical Quality Factor of PZT Piezoelectric Ceramics

Introduction: The study of Pb(Zr1-x, Tix)O3 ceramics is growing due to their wide use as piezoelectric materials. PZT piezoelectric ceramics are a solid solution of ferroelectric PT(PbTiO3) with Curie temperature 490 °C and antiferroelectric PZ(PbZrO3) with Curie temperature 230 °C. To increase the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) and mechanical quality factor (Qm) of PZT piezoelectric ceramics, Mn and Sb dopants were added.
Materials and Methods: The composition of PZT piezoelectric ceramics was Pb (Zr0.53Ti0.47) to keep them near the phase boundary and manganese and antimony were added as dopants. The powders were synthesized at 650 °C by sol gel method and sintered at 1150 °C.
Results: The variation of kp and the Qm of piezoelectric ceramics were measured by varying the Mn and Sb doping ratios. The effect of manganese and antimony dopants on the relative permittivity (εr), piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33) and density of piezoelectric ceramics was also analyzed.
Discussion: Mn2+ion acts as acceptor ion and creates oxygen vacancies in the perovskite structure, resulting in shrinkage and deformation of the crystalline unit cell. Kp, Qm, and d33 gradually increased with increasing doping amount and then decreased again. Then the doping amount was near X = 0.03, the characteristic values had a maximum.
Conclusion: Considering the variation of K p and Q m with Mn and Sb addition ratio, the electromechanical coupling coefficient and Q-factor simultaneously reached high values when the Mn content was 30-35% and the Sb content was 65-70%. Therefore, we set the ratio of manganese to antimony 3:7. The analysis of the relationship between doping and piezoelectric properties shows that the piezoelectric properties are maximized, and the optimum doping is X = 0.03. The electromechanical coupling coefficient and Q-factor were 0.67 and 2900, respectively. The addition of manganese and antimony simultaneously increased the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the quality factor. However, the addition of manganese can increase the electromechanical coupling coefficient, but it has not yet reached enough quality factor values due to its tendency to decrease the quality factor.

Mn; Sb; Electromechanical coupling coefficient; Mechanical quality factor; PZT piezoelectric ceramics

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