Biodiesel Quality and Characteristics of Transesterified Mangifera indica Kernel Oil
- November 9, 2020
- Posted by: RSIS Team
- Categories: Chemistry, IJRIAS
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume V, Issue X, October 2020 | ISSN 2454–6186
Biodiesel Quality and Characteristics of Transesterified Mangifera indica Kernel Oil
Livingstone Udofia1, Istifanus Y. Chindo2, Aliyu Jauro2
1Department of Industrial Chemistry, Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Germany
2Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Abstract: The oil of common mango kernel preset with 1% w/v sodium hydroxide was used in an H2SO4 catalyzed reaction with methanol to produce Mangifera indica biodiesel having specific gravity, pour point, cloud point, flash point, calorific value and biodegradability of 0.86, 9 oC, 12 oC, 149 oC, 32.4 MJ/mol and 82.8%. The results were compared with fuel properties of the control, diesel D2. Infrared spectral data confirmed the presence of diesel fuel functional C=Ostretch (1734 cm–1) and C–Hstretch (2928 cm–1) for esters while gas chromatographic (GC) and Mass spectral (MS) data identified ethyl stearate and ethyl (E)-9-octadecenoate as the closely most abundant esters in the biodiesel. Based on the yields and fuel properties, Mangifera indica biodiesel is a readily biodegradable fuel and can adequately support petro-diesel blending applications.
Key words: Mangifera indica, biodiesel, fuel quality, biodegradability, GC-MS
I. INTRODUCTION
The pathway to a sustainable energy future is through the continuous development of alternative materials from available resources and biomass to add to the current stock. An important consideration is on cleaner burning fuels which are better for optimum engine performance, greater lubrication and that leave fewer particulate deposits behind, reducing emissions associated with the life cycle of combustion fuels, environmental pollution and the greenhouse gas, CO2, responsible for global warming. Countries that have to import oil and other petroleum products and are heavily dependent on other nations for their energy needs can become self dependent through domestic production of clean fuels, such as biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas from waste agricultural products [1].
Biodiesel is a renewable and volatile fuel made up of mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids with long chain lengths derived from vegetable oils (or animal fats) and show similar physicochemical properties as petroleum-based diesel [2]. The vegetable oils are trans-esterified with lower molecular weight alcohols, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst, to generate linear esters and the byproduct glycerol. The reaction is reportedly affected by the type of feedstock, alcohol, molar ratio of triglycerides to alcohol, type and amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acid and water content of the vegetable or animal feedsock [3]. Feedstocks with high free
