Ani, I.F., Adeoye, B.K., Ngozi, E.O., Kehinde, Z. A. July 2019 Page No.: 01-04
Tiger nut is an important food crop for certain tribes in Africa. Nutritive, digestive and disinfective value of Tiger nut has been documented. This research work was intended to improve the recipe for preparation of toffee by incorporating tiger nut milk, as a nutritional enrichment because of its nutritional benefits. Toffee a soft candy was made into three samples; sample B (100% cow milk) , sample C (50% milk and 50% tiger nut milk) and sample D (100% tiger nut milk), these were compared with Sample A (commercial toffee; Éclairs). Nutrient composition, quality acceptability and microbial count were determined. Sample D had the highest moisture, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, crude fiber and the lowest crude protein, crude fat contents. These were all significant (p>0.05) Sample A (commercial sample; éclair’s) was ranked highest for flavor, color, texture, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Samples C and D were ranked lowest in texture and taste, sample B was above average for all parameters and sample C and D were above average for flavor, Odor , Color and Overall acceptability, which were all significant at p>0.05. value ranged from 1.0×10-1 to 6.4 × 10– 2 for samples B to D, For total fungal count, sample C had the highest count of 1.7×10-2 for day 0, and 6.4 × 10-2 for 4 weeks and sample B had the lowest count of 1.0 × 10-1 for day 0 and 4 weeks. Sample B had a total count of 1.0 × 10-1 for both day 0 and 4 weeks. There were no bacterial growth in samples C and D.
- Page(s): 01-04
- Date of Publication: 16 July 2019
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Ani, I.F., Adeoye
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ben Carson Snr School of Medicine and Surgery, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State , Nigeria -
Adeoye, B.K.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ben Carson Snr School of Medicine and Surgery, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State , Nigeria -
Ngozi, E.O.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ben Carson Snr School of Medicine and Surgery, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State , Nigeria -
Kehinde, Z. A.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ben Carson Snr School of Medicine and Surgery, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State , Nigeria
References
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Ani, I.F., Adeoye, B.K., Ngozi, E.O., Kehinde, Z. A. “Nutritional Composition and Quality Acceptability of Soft Candy (Toffee) Made from Tiger nut” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.01-04 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/01-04.pdf
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Samuel John O., Wapwera Jidimma A., Ojoh Chidiebere J. and Ede Richard Richie – July 2019 Page No.: 05-07
Base catalyzed transesterification was carried out on horned melon seed oil as potential feed stock for biodiesel production. The oil was extracted by soxhlet extraction method and transesterified to methyl ester at methanol to oil ratio of 5:1, 60oC reaction temperature, 2hours reaction time using sodium hydroxide as catalyst (0.5%wt/wt, 0.75%wt/wt, 15wt/wt and 1.25% wt/wt) to obtain optimum yield. The horned melon seed oil, methyl ester were characterized using ASTM protocols and results shows; specific gravity (0.95 ± 0.006, 0.8695 ± 0.0019), refractive index (25oC)(1.4612± 0.0001, 1.4411 ± 0.0002), kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) (5.16 ± 0.013, 3.36 ± 0.011), flash point (sup>oC) (239 ± 1.63, 165 ± 1.47), acid value (mgKOH/g) (0.6883 ± 0.018, 0.436 ± 0.016), free fatty acid value (mg/g) (0.3379 ± 0.0017), Saponification value (mgKOH/g) (163 ± 0.95), carbon residue (553sup>oC) (0.021 ± 0.0045). All the properties measured are within SON/NIST standards for edible oil and ASTM 651 limits for biodiesel.
- Page(s): 05-07
- Date of Publication: 20 July 2019
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Samuel John O.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos. Plateau, Nigeria -
Wapwera Jidimma A.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos. Plateau, Nigeria -
Ojoh Chidiebere J.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos. Plateau, Nigeria -
Ede Richard Richie
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos. Plateau, Nigeria
References
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Samuel John O., Wapwera Jidimma A., Ojoh Chidiebere J. and Ede Richard Richie, “Base Catalysed Transesterification of Horned Melon (Cucumismetuliferus) Seed Oil to Biodiesel” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.05-07 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/05-07.pdf
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Gavong, Lohfa C., Wapwera, Jidimma A., Kutshak, Panpe I., Ede Richard R. – July 2019 – Page No.: 08-17
Sequential extraction was used to fractionate heavy metals (Cd and Zn) from the Abattoir, Bukuru and Busa Buji dumpsites. Water samples were collected from 6 wells located near the dumpsites at different proximities for the assessment of concentration of metals leached from the various sites and analyzed for pH, color, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity, cadmium and zinc heavy metals. From the results, pH of the water was slightly acidic (6.20-7.20) whereas the total hardness, turbidity, color and alkalinity values were all found to be within WHO limits. The Heavy metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Among the metals examined, zinc has the mean concentration of 5.489mg/L, 8.282mg/L and 1.186mg/L for Abattoir, Bukuru and Busa-Buji dumpsites respectively, while cadmium has the mean concentration of 1.036mg/L, 0.183mg/L and 0.301mg/L for Abattoir, Bukuru and Busa-Buji respectively. The concentration of metals in the well water also varied based on their proximities to the dumpsites. Zinc has the mean concentration of 1.353mg/L, 0.453mg/L for Abattoir downhill and uphill respectively while Busa Buji has the mean concentration of 1.041mg/L, 0.529mg/L for downhill and uphill respectively whereas bukuru has the mean concentration of 1.098mg/L, 0.970mg/L for downhill and uphill respectively. Cadmium has the mean concentration of 0.558mg/L, 0.338mg/L for Abattoir downhill and uphill respectively while Busa Buji has the mean concentration of 0.136mg/L for downhill and not detected for uphill. Analysis of the extracts was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). All the metals analyzed were above the maximum acceptable limits by WHO Zn (5.0 mg/L) and Cd(0.01 mg/L) respectively. The study concludes that the hand dug well water around the refuse dumps sites are not safe for human consumption.
- Page(s): 08-17
- Date of Publication: 20 July 2019
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Gavong, Lohfa C.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria -
Wapwera, Jidimma A.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos, Nigeria. -
Kutshak, Panpe I.
Federal Ministry of Health, National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Center, 33 Park Avenue, Enugu, P.M.B 01573, Enugu State, Nigeria -
Ede Richard R.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos, Nigeria.
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Gavong, Lohfa C., Wapwera, Jidimma A., Kutshak, Panpe I., Ede Richard R. “Speciation Study of Cadmium and Zinc in Water and Soil Samples Obtained at the Vicinity of Abbatoir, Bukuru and Busa-Buji Dumpsites in Jos Metropolis” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.08-17 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/08-17.pdf
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ONI Olatunde Michael, AMUDA Dauda Biodun, OYERO Olaoluwa Peter, AJANI Adegbenro Sunday, ONI Emmanuel Abiodun and AREMU Abraham Adewale – July 2019 Page No.: 18-20
Radio-frequency Radiation (RFR) exposure of the developing fetus and children has risen to be of tremendous health concern, with the utilization of wireless technologies being on the high side among reproductive group. Recent studies have reported harmful effects of RFR exposure on developing fetus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of exposure to 2.45 GHz RFR prenatal exposure on ovarian follicle reservoir of first filial generation (F1) of albino rats. Six pregnant rats were equally divided into an experimental Exposed Group (EG) and unexposed Control Group (CG). The rats were confined in Electromagnetic Field (EMF) cages designed for this study. An Access Point (AP), consisting of a portable radio (2.45 GHz picostation by Ubiquiti Networks, USA, with its integrated omni-directional antenna) serving as RFR source was placed inside the EG cage in close proximity (15 cm) to the pregnant rats. One hour daily exposure to 2.45 GHz RFR on days 13th to 21st of pregnancy was performed on EG rats and a mean electric field of 5 V/m (power density of 0.066 W/m2) was maintained for the whole period of exposure. New-EG and New-CG were established from pups obtained from both EG and CG respectively after birth. No procedure was performed on New-EG and New-CG rats. All the female rat pups were sacrificed on 50th day postnatal, and the ovaries were removed for histological examination. One – sample t-test was chosen for mean comparison test at α < 0.05 level of significance. Quantitative analysis of ovarian follicle reservoir (OVR) revealed a significant reduction in New-EG (12.50±1.20) when compared to OVR in New-CG (23.33±0.57). Microscopic examination revealed some histological changes such as severe follicle degeneration, atrophied ovarian cells, Hemorrhoid Fibrosis (H/F) and inflammation in the ovary of New-EG rats which were not observed in New-CG rats. The result of this study shows that prenatal exposure of pregnant rats to RFR emanating from 2.45 GHz led to impairment of follicular development process, thereby resulting in decrease in ovarian follicle count of F1 generation of albino rats.
- Page(s): 18-20
- Date of Publication: 21 July 2019
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ONI Olatunde Michael
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. -
AMUDA Dauda Biodun
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. -
OYERO Olaoluwa Peter
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. -
AJANI Adegbenro Sunday
Deparment of Physics and Material Science, Kwara State University, Molete, lIorin, Nigeria -
ONI Emmanuel Abiodun
Department of Physics, Oduduwa University, Ipetumodu, Osun State, Nigeria. -
AREMU Abraham Adewale
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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[9]. Topal Z., Hanci H., Mercantepe T., Erol H., Keles O., Kaya K., Mungan S., and Odaci E. (2015). The effects of prenatal long-duration exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old newborn male rat liver. Turk J Med Sci (2015) 45.
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ONI Olatunde Michael, AMUDA Dauda Biodun, OYERO Olaoluwa Peter, AJANI Adegbenro Sunday, ONI Emmanuel Abiodun and AREMU Abraham Adewale “Effects of 2.45 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Prenatal Exposure on Ovarian Follicle Reservoir of First Filial Generation of Albino Rats ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.18-20 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/18-20.pdf
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Benedict O. Odjobo and Ahmed Umar – July 2019 Page No.: 21-26
Physicochemical and fuel properties of cannabis sativa seed oil (CNBSO) and its corresponding biodiesel (CNBB100) from transesterification reaction was investigated. The oil yield from Cannabis sativa seed was found to be 60% using n-hexane solvent and biodiesel yield of 78% was obtained when trans-esterified at 60 oC within few minutes of reaction time and oil to methanol ratio of 2:12 using NaOH as catalyst. Series of fatty acids were identified and quantified from the oil using GC-MS. The physicochemical properties of the oil as well as the corresponding biodiesel produced show a good correlation with the nature or type of fatty acids. The fuel properties of cannabis sativa compared favourably to that of fossil-based diesel. The reasonable oil yield and good fuel properties suggest that cannabis sativa seed oil is very useful for biofuel production which represents alternative use or value to the plant which many abused as drug.
- Page(s): 21-26
- Date of Publication: 21 July 2019
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Benedict O. Odjobo
Bioresources Development Centre – NABDA, Abuja Nigeria -
Ahmed Umar
Department of Chemistry University of Abuja, Gwagwalada Abuja Nigeria
References
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Benedict O. Odjobo and Ahmed Umar “Fuel Properties and Physicochemical Characterization of Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.21-26 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/21-26.pdf
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Haastrup N.O, Dahunsi O.M, and Baba G.O July 2019 Page No.: 27-32
The tropical rain forest is rich in indigenous tree species that are of high economic value. This natural ecosystem represents rich genetic resources and little is known about many of the plant and animal species. Indeed a lot of them are still awaiting discovery. Their indiscriminate removal reduces forever their potential value to mankind as sources of food, medicines, organic chemicals and other benefits. The need to efficiently manage this rich ecosystem on sustained yield basis cannot be overemphasised. Plant species diversity of a natural forest within the Owo forest reserve, Ondo state, was investigated in this study. One (1ha) hectare sample plot was located at the centre of the forest and divided into plots size 0f 25x25m2 resulted to 16 sample plots. All living plants within the study area were identified and enumerated. Tree species greater than 10cm Dbh were also measured. A total of 1655 individual plants representing 112 species and 42 families were recorded. Trees were found to be higher, followed by shrubs, herbs and climber with abundant value of 746,456,302 and 151 respectively. The most prevalent species in the study area were Brachystegia eurycoma, while the most abundant families were Caesalpiniaceae, Rubiaceae and Sterculiaceae. The basal area and tree volume encountered were 29.71m2 and 122.85m3 respectively. The Shannon diversity index of 4.34 and species evenness of 0.59 was recorded for the study area. The result indicated that species richness and diversity were high, but evenness was low in this forest reserve. The study area, besides being distinct in its biodiversity constituents, also harbours a vast number of genetic resources. The genetic resources available in this area would therefore demands for good management of the area for the conservation and sustainability of the constituent resources.
- Page(s): 27-32
- Date of Publication: 21 July 2019
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Haastrup N.O
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria -
Dahunsi O.M
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria -
Baba G.O
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria
References
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Haastrup N.O, Dahunsi O.M, and Baba G.O “Diversity and Abundance of Tree Species at Owo Forest Reserve, Ondo State, South-Western Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.27-32 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/27-32.pdf
Aniesua A. Essiett, Osadebamwen Isaac Ehiwe, Edu Inam and Mfon Bede – July 2019 Page No.: 33-37
This study has been carried out mainly for the assessment of naturally occurring radionuclides i.e 40K, 238U and 232Th in rain water samples collected from five LGAs in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides 40K, 238U and 232Th in the rainwater samples were measured by the means of a gamma-ray spectrometry using a sodium Iodide Thallium doped NaI (TI) detector. The average activity concentration obtained for 40K in all the location was 27.8 +2.50 Bq.L-1 with a range of 9.4 + 0.88 – 52.3 + 4.26 Bq.L-1, while for 238U, the average activity concentration was 5.2 + 0.88 Bq.L-1 with a range of 1.2 + 0.21 – 15.00 + 2.92 Bq.L-1, for 232Th, the average activity concentration was 6.7 + 0.69 Bq.L-1 with a range of 0.1 + 0.00 – 14.2 + 1.41 Bq.L-1. The total annual effective dose due to the intake of 40K, 238U and 232Th by all the locations ranged from 0.08 + 0.01 mSv.y-1 – 1.53 + 0.17 mSv.y-1 with an average of 0.76 + 0.08 mSv.y-1 did not show any significant health impact since it is below the recommended public exposure limit of 1mSv.y-1. Also the calculated values of Radium Equivalent Activity, external and internal hazard index in all the locations were found to be lesser than the recommended values.
- Page(s): 33-37
- Date of Publication: 21 July 2019
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Aniesua A. Essiett
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria. -
Osadebamwen Isaac Ehiwe
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria. -
Edu Inam
Centre for Research and Development, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria. -
Mfon Bede
Department of Physics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
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Aniesua A. Essiett, Osadebamwen Isaac Ehiwe, Edu Inam and Mfon Bede “Annual Effective Dose, Radium Equivalent Activity and Harzard Indices Assessment in Rainwater from Selected Areas in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.33-37 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/33-37.pdf
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Frankline Makokha – July 2019 Page No.: 38-40
Rapid developments in computational technologies have led to the emergence of various cryptocurrencies riding on key computing technologies, namely cryptology, blockchains and distributed ledgers. These currencies are unregulated and not backed by any government, a fact that has not hindered so far the usage and continued development of new forms of cryptocurrencies. The key impact us for development of cryptocurrencies is ideological innovations. This review paper looks at the enabling technologies for cryptocurrencies the ecosystem of cryptocurrencies, how to mine and spend the cryptocurrencies and factors that impact positively and negatively on the uptake of cryptocurrencies. The paper recommends a laissez faire approach with regards to regulating crytpocurencies.
- Page(s): 38-40
- Date of Publication: 21 July 2019
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Frankline Makokha
School of Computing and Informatics University of Nairobi, Kenya
References
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Frankline Makokha “Cryptocurrencies: Computational Building Blocks” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.38-40 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/38-40.pdf
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V.B. Kumar Vatti, G. Chinna Rao, M. Santosh Kumar July 2019 Page No.: 41-44
In this paper, we discuss and study the second degree successive over relaxation (SDSOR) method for the solution of linear systems when the eigenvalues of SOR matrix are real. Few examples are considered to show the transcendency of this developed method.
- Page(s): 41-44
- Date of Publication: 23 July 2019
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V.B. Kumar Vatti
Department of Engineering Mathematics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India -
G. Chinna Rao
Department of Engineering Mathematics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India -
M. Santosh Kumar
Department of Engineering Mathematics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
References
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V.B. Kumar Vatti, G. Chinna Rao, M. Santosh Kumar “Second Degree SOR (SDSOR) Method ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.41-44 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/41-44.pdf
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Z.G. Muhammad, U.B. Ibrahim, U.J.J. Ijah, A.Y. Fardami, M.K. Nataala, A.M. Jodi and M. Tanko – July 2019 Page No.: 45-50
Aim: This study is aimed at assessing the indoor air quality of male students’ hall of residence in Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methodology: Sedimentation technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed and sampling was done twice daily, daytime and at night. The microbial isolates were characterized and identified based on macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Results: It was observed that the microbial counts varied with time and location (hostels) and were more at night than during the day. High range of bacterial colony forming units(2.3×10-3.7x102cfu/m3) was observed during the day and (2.9×102-4.2x102cfu/m3) at night. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the times of collection. The fungal counts ranged from 3.8x101to 6.3x101cfu/m3during the day and 6.8×101 -9.4×101 cfu/m3at night. The female hostels recorded high bacterial and fungal load than the male hostels.However, in the female hostels, there was statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) between the fungal mean counts between the times of sampling. The bacterial isolates obtained were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus, while the fungal isolates included Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusflavus, Aspergillusoryzae and Rhizopusoryzae. Conclusion: The results generated in this study clearly suggest that regardless of sampling time and location, indoor environment allows aerosols build up which could potentially lead to infections to the occupants.
- Page(s): 45-50
- Date of Publication: 26 July 2019
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Z.G. Muhammad
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. -
U.B. Ibrahim
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. -
U.J.J. Ijah
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. -
A.Y. Fardami
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. -
M.K. Nataala
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. -
A.M. Jodi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. -
M. Tanko
Departent of Biological Sciences, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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[19]. Sekulska, M.S., Pajak, P.,Szyska, A., Nowicki, M. and Filipiak, M. 2007. Microbiological quality of indoor air in university rooms.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16(4): 623-632
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Z.G. Muhammad, U.B. Ibrahim, U.J.J. Ijah, A.Y. Fardami, M.K. Nataala, A.M. Jodi and M. Tanko “Assessment of Microbial Aerosols in Students Hall of Residence ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.45-50 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/45-50.pdf
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Samuel D. Mutfwang – July 2019 Page No.: 51-57
A total of 70 questionnaires were developed and used for the collection of data from the seven districts of the Mwaghavul land. Seven other questionnaires were specifically developed and used for the Agricultural Extension staff serving in the same area. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The result reveals that most of farmers were males and age 35 years old and above, and were mostly illiterate. The ages of Agricultural Extension staff range between 26-34, as indicated by 71.67 percent of the agents’ respondents. The Extension staff have not attained a high level of training for their job performance. Since the Agricultural Extension staff percent indicated that farmers were skilled and all agreed that farmers responses to their visits were “friendly,” it was concluded that farmers are ready to work hand in hand with the Extension staff. All farmers showed they had problems requiring the Extension staff to help. It was, therefore, concluded that the farmers feel it is “important” to have help from the Extension staff. A specific area of concern by the potato producers was “watering during dry season gardening,” since 92.31 percent of the farmers indicated they need help in this area.
- Page(s): 51-57
- Date of Publication: 30 July 2019
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Samuel D. Mutfwang
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jos, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria.
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[11]. Ndifon, H. M.(1983)”The Feasibility of a Community Based on Food Crops Program in Ikom Division of Cross River State of Nigeria.” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, 1983).
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Samuel D. Mutfwang “The Perceptions of Irish Potato Producers and Agricultural Extension Staff Concerning Mutual Working Relationship in the Mwaghavul Chiefdom, Plateau State, Nigeria” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.51-57 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/51-57.pdf
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Jackline Alinda Ndiiri – July 2019 Page No.: 58-66
Changes in rainfall and stream flows lead to increased uncertainty for the water investments. Assessment of river flows can warn impending stages during floods and assists in regulating reservoir outflow during low flows. The Mara River is the lifeline of the Mara River basin yet its value depreciating with significant reductions in river flows. 4 gauging stations have been operational in various periods since 1960 to date. Daily rainfall data were available for 58 stations established in different periods between 1920 and 1980. Data analysis to assess the quality of acquired data, make a selection of suitable data for statistical analysis and construct appropriate indices for spatio-temporal analyses was done. A seasonal pattern of rainfall indicated a bimodal rainfall regime with two rainy seasons. Change-point analysis indicated absence of discontinuities in the mean flows but the indices characterizing the high and low flows indicated a significant increase of both flows.
- Page(s): 58-66
- Date of Publication: 30 July 2019
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Jackline Alinda Ndiiri
Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
References
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Jackline Alinda Ndiiri “Analysis of Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Rainfall on River Flow Variations in Mara River Basin, Kenya ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.58-66 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/58-66.pdf
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Uwanta, Emaime. J and Ukoha, Pius. O. – July 2019 Page No.: 67-69
The solid complexes of Nd(III) and Pr(III) were synthesized from a tetradentate Schiff base, bis(salicylaldehyde) orthophenylenediamine. The schiff base ligand was prepared from condensation of o-phenylenediamie (1, 2-diamine benzene) with salicylaldehyde. The prepared Schiff base reacts with Neodymium (III) to give a complex with stoichiometric ratio of (1:2) (metal: ligand) and the Praseodymium reacts to give a complex with stoichiometric ratio (1:1) (metal : ligand). The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic absorption, infrared, HNMR and C13 NMR spectral studies. Possible structures were suggested for Nd(BSOPD)2 and PrBSOPD which were based on the results.
- Page(s): 67-69
- Date of Publication: 31 July 2019
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Uwanta, Emaime. J
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. -
Ukoha, Pius. O.
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Uwanta, Emaime. J and Ukoha, Pius. O. “Synthesis and Characterization of Neodymium (III) and Praseodymium (III) Complexes Containing Bis (Salicylaldehyde) Orthophenylenediamine as Ligand” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.67-69 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/67-69.pdf
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Abba, P. O., Umeh, E. U., Gberikon, G. M. and Agbo, E. B. – July 2019 Page No.: 70-74
The worldwide prevalence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase -producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) is increasing, making the need for ESBL detection more urgent. In this study we investigated the presence of ESBL in 400 isolates of Escherichia coli from urine, stool, blood, wound swabs, throat swabs and sputum specimens collected from 6 selected health facilities (2 primary, 2 secondary and 2 tertiary) in Makurdi local government council.Standard microbiological methods were used for isolation, characterization and identification of E. coli.The presence of ESBL was determined using the double disc synergy method. Disc susceptibility test was performed on all isolates using standard techniques.The isolates showed high level of resistance to all the antibiotics tested except mipenem. Highest resistance was to penicillin 392(98.0%) followed by ceftriaxone 385(96.3%). The isolates showed least resistance to mipenem 02(0.5%). Out of the 400 isolates examined, 64 (16.0%) carried ESBL genes. Isolates from blood specimens (n = 5; 26.3%) harboured the highest percentage of ESBL genes followed by wound swabs isolates 9(17.3%). No ESBL gene was recovered from throat swabs (n = 0; 0.0%). There exists no significant difference between ESBL-producing E. coli and various clinical specimens (p > 0.05).Among the males, isolates from those between 45.0 and 58.0 years old harboured the highest percentage (18.8%; n= 6) of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, while among the females, those within the age group 31.0 to 44.0 years harboured the highest percentage (25.0%; n=13). Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH),a tertiary care facility harboured the highest percentage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates, 29 (19.7%) and was followed by General Hospital (GH) 10(18.9%) which is a secondary care facility. There is no significant association between ESBL and health facilities (p=0.39).
- Page(s): 70-74
- Date of Publication: 02 August 2019
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Abba, P. O.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. -
Umeh, E. U.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. -
Gberikon, G. M.
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. -
Agbo, E. B.
Department of Microbiology, AbubakarTarfawaBalewaUniversity, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
References
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Abba, P. O., Umeh, E. U., Gberikon, G. M. and Agbo, E. B.”Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Selected Health Facilities in Makurdi ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.70-74 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/70-74.pdf
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Aremu Olaosebikan Akanni, Odepidan Kolawole Omeiza., Makinde Oluniyi Samuel, Azeez Waheed Adebayo – July 2019 Page No.: 75-80
The paths loss propagation model is an important tool in wireless network planning but inaccurate models normally leads to networks co-channels interference and a waste of power. Hence, it is important to investigate the radio path loss and the channel power behaviour for working out radio and LTE technology. In this work, a comparative analysis of path loss prediction models with measured data and channel power is presented. Three different propagation path loss models (Free space, Okumura and Egli) have been analyzed and compared with measured data. The experimental campaign took place in Ogbomoso, south western, Nigeria (8.1227oN, 4.2436oE) and the measured data were obtained at two frequency bands; 150 MHz (VHF) and 900 MHz (UHF). The results and statistical analysis revealed that, for the two frequency bands considered, Okumura model is in good agreement with measured path loss having root mean square errors (RMSE) 3.98 and 5.86 for VHF and UHF band respectively while free space and Egli overestimated the measured path loss. The RMSE values obtained are within the acceptable minimum standard limit, 6 dB for good radio signal propagation. It was also noted that, the channel power decreases with increase in distance. The mean channel power and the pathloss exponent obtained for 150 MHz are -72 dBm and 2.189 respectively while for 900 MHz it was -85 dBm and 2.650 respectively. These values will assist the communication engineers for proper planning in this environment.
- Page(s): 75-80
- Date of Publication: 02 August 2019
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Aremu Olaosebikan Akanni
Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. P.M.B 22, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria -
Odepidan Kolawole Omeiza
Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. P.M.B 22, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria -
Makinde Oluniyi Samuel
Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. P.M.B 22, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria -
Azeez Waheed Adebayo
Physics Department, The Polytechnic, Ibadan. P.M.B 22, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria
References
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[3]. Rapparot, T.S.,.(2002) ”Wireless Communications”, Second Edition, Pearson Publication, India, pp 30 – 25
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Aremu Olaosebikan Akanni, Odepidan Kolawole Omeiza., Makinde Oluniyi Samuel, Azeez Waheed Adebayo “Comparative Analysis of Propagation Pathloss and Channel Power of VHF and UHF Wireless Signals in Urban Environment” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.75-80 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/75-80.pdf
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Ayodele, J.T. July 2019 Page No.: 81-85
This study analyzed the determinants and resource use efficiency in groundnut production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The objectives of the study were describe the socio-economic characteristic, estimate the production relationship of inputs and output for groundnut production and analyze the resource use efficiency in groundnut production. Multi-stage and random sampling techniques were used to select eighty three farmers used for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyzed the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, production function using multiple regression analysis was used to show the relationship between inputs and output while resource use efficiency of the groundnut farmers were estimated using marginal value productivity- marginal factor cost approach. About (59%) of the respondents are married while majority (87.5%)of the respondents have formal education. The result shows 80.20 % of the variation in the output of groundnut were accounted for by the inputs and capital was the only input that was significant at 1 % probability level and was positively signed which shows that as capital increases the output of groundnut increases. The result also revealed that all the inputs used were underutilized which shows that the farmers are inefficient in their used of their resources for production of groundnut in the study area. The study recommends that farmers should be assisted with loan facilities from commercial bank to help them increase groundnut production in the study area since capital significantly influences the output of groundnut.
- Page(s): 81-85
- Date of Publication: 02 August 2019
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Ayodele, J.T.
Federal College of Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka, Kaduna, Nigeria
References
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Ayodele, J.T. “Determinants and Resource Use Efficiency of Groundnut Production in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.81-85 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/81-85.pdf
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Adongo Walter, Onyango Leah and Were Pamela Jane – July 2019 Page No.: 86-96
Forests and trees are important natural resources globally. The reduction of forests and tree cover has occasioned the loss of biodiversity, wildlife habitat, ecosystem integrity; increased climate variability and reduced crop yields. These have resulted into decrease in food security thus a key development challenge. The trend can be reversed by promoting on-farm tree planting using quality tree seedlings. Community tree nurseries can provide this; however many are established but soon cease to operate. The reasons for such failures have not been documented. This study, premised on production theory sought to assess tree seedling production processes of such tree nurseries in Maseno Division, Kisumu County. The study sought to: Examine reasons considered while establishing community tree nurseries; understand the factors for community tree nursery location; determine the reasons for producing given tree species; and assess the production challenges in community tree nurseries. Conceptually, tree seedling production cost depends on reasons for establishing the tree nursery, tree nursery site;species and number of seedlings produced augmented by production techniques. Purposive sampling regime with a cross-sectional survey was used. A total of 54 tree nurseries were visited and operators interviewed. To triangulate the results ten closed tree nurseries; five farmers growing trees and five key informants were interviewed. Pre-determined interview schedule was used to gather quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions guided by checklists. The study established that: the main reason for establishing the tree nurseries is income (53.7%); water and potting media are considered by 72.2% of the operators while location the tree nursery; Fuelwood ranks high as an end product (33.9%) and Eucalyptus is the most preferred (83.3%). It was also observed that 88.9% of the operators mainly use traditional production techniques resulting into high production costs which can be overcome through training in management of community tree nurseries as business enterprises. The findings are valuable to tree nursery operators, policy regulators and research institutions locally, nationally and international. The results can equally be used in responding to effects of climate change and Sustainable Development Goals.
- Page(s): 86-96
- Date of Publication: 04 August 2019
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Adongo Walter
Maseno University, Kenya -
Onyango Leah
Maseno University, Kenya -
Were Pamela Jane
Maseno University, Kenya
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Adongo Walter, Onyango Leah and Were Pamela Jane “Community Tree Seedling Production in Maseno Division, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.86-96 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/86-96.pdf
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Tarkaa, N. S and Pahalson, C. A. D – July 2019 Page No.: 97-100
Today a number of cellular network subscribers are grappling with the issue of frequent call drops. One of the important parameters as a determinant of quality of service (QoS) of a cellular network system is the drop call rate which defined as the rate of calls which end due to technical reasons and its probability as drop- call probability which we used to provide a measure of performance for failed calls in progress. The objective of the parameter is to provide the subscribers with an expectation of how successful a cellular network will be at retaining the signal throughout the whole duration of call. Both the band limited and interference limited systems have attracted an increase in the number of users that are not given access into the network due to insufficient channels and poor quality of radio channels. The results show that the operator is performing well with regard to drop- call probability as one of the key performance indicator (KPI) therefore, ways to increase not just performance of the indicator but the performance of whole network are suggested. Drop call has been the subject of several network performance studies and a major contributor to service optimization in a well-established cellular network.
- Page(s): 97-100
- Date of Publication: 04 August 2019
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Tarkaa, N. S
Ph.D. Scholar, Dept. of EEE, UAM, Makurdi, Nigeria -
Pahalson, C. A. D
M. Eng Postgraduate Students, Dept. of EEE, UAM, Makurdi, Nigeria
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Tarkaa, N. S and Pahalson, C. A. D “Analysis of Drop- Call Probability: A Study of Mobile Telecommunication Network (Apapa Lagos, Nigeria)” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.97-100 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/97-100.pdf
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Y. E Waba and Bandawa G. J – July 2019 Page No.: 101-104
The experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient digestibility and haematological indices of West African Dwarf goats fed Gmelina arborea and Ficus sycomoros leaves supplemented with cassava peels/ cowpea husk. Gmelina and Ficus leaves were fed ad libitum while cassava peels and cowpea husk was fed at 300 g/head/day. Sixteen goats with body weight of 7+ 1.04 kg were used for the study. The goats were weighed and divided into four (4) groups, each group of four (4) goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD), clean drinking water and mineral salt lick were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The result of proximate composition showed that all the experimental diets have adequate CP content; neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) except cassava peels which had lower CP content. The result of nutrient digestibility showed significant (P<0.05) differences between treatments. There were no significantly (P>0.05) differences in all the parameters measured in haematological indices except PCV, MCHC and MCV which differ (P<0.05) between the treatments. All the parameters measured were within the normal physiological range values for healthy goats except mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (2.51-4.29 %). In conclusion the result of the study showed that cassava peels and cowpea fed at 300g/head/day improved nutrient digestibility and did not have any adverse effect on haematological status of the experimental goats.
- Page(s): 101-104
- Date of Publication: 05 August 2019
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Y. E Waba
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, India -
Bandawa G. J
Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, India
References
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Y. E Waba and Bandawa G. J “Nutrient Digestibility and Haematological Indices of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Plant Leaves Supplemented with Cassava Peels and/or Cowpea Husks” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.101-104 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/101-104.pdf
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P.E Omale, R.F Okunola, S.O. Okeniyi, M.M. Adeyemi – July 2019 Page No.: 105-115
The determination of radionuclides present in agricultural soils of some selected farmlands in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, was carried out using sequential extraction technique prior to the use of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. Thirty two (32) Radionuclides were found to be present in the soils with mobility factors ranging from 0% to 100%. The range of the physicochemical results varied from farmland to farmland with Angwan Maje (AM-groundnut farmland), Kamazo (KZO- maize farmland), Zango (ZO-vegetables farmland), Old Afaka (OA-fruits plantation/orchard) having satisfactory soil temperature of 29.881.06oC, 30.221.43oC, 33.200.20oC, and 36.400.48oC respectively. The Electrical Conductivity values of the soils samples obtained were 9.566.21 µs/cm, 6.11.39µs/cm, 22.15.35 µs/cm and 11.826.37µs/ cm respectively and were all lower that the permissible limits. pH values obtained are as follows; 5.88±0.25, 6.01±0.03, 6.54±0.20, 6.11±0.30 respectively, this showed they were slightly acidic. Mean values of the Total Dissolved Solids; 4.783.14 mg/L, 3.060.71 mg/L, 11.262.41 mg/L, and 5.923.18 mg/L. Similarly, the nuclides of interest; Th, U, and Pb from AM, KZO, ZO and OA has a concentration range of 20.64-22.20 mg/L, 2.90-3.70 mg/L, and 13.30-34.59 mg/L respectively. The results showed that U was within the permissible limits in Old Afaka but above the permissible limits in other farmland soils. Th was above the permissible limits in all soils which can be as a result of the low pH, High Electrical Conductivity, High Total Dissolved Solids and High Mobility factor. This study has therefore been able to reveal the interplay of the physiochemical parameters and mobility factors of the nuclides from various locations which could be responsible for the levels and bioavailability to the soil.
- Page(s): 105-115
- Date of Publication: 07 August 2019
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P.E Omale
Department of Chemistry, Nigeria Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria -
R.F Okunola
Department of Chemistry, Nigeria Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria -
S.O. Okeniyi3
Department of Chemistry, Nigeria Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria -
M.M. Adeyemi
Department of Chemistry, Nigeria Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
References
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P.E Omale, R.F Okunola, S.O. Okeniyi, M.M. Adeyemi “Determination of Radionuclides in Designated Farmlands in Kaduna Metropolis using Sequential Extraction Procedure” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.105-115 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/105-115.pdf
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Umar M. T, Azeh Yakubu, Ibrahim I. L, Abdulazeez A, B.A Hadi, Garba Y July 2019 Page No.: 116-119
This paper studied the effect of fatty acid methyl esters on the properties of biofuel produce from the seeds oil of Ricinus communis. Oil was extracted from the seeds using soxhlet extractor with n-hexane; and then Transesterified using single alkali hydrolysis to biodiesel. The biodiesel produced was analyzed for it fatty acid profile using GM-MS and fuel properties using ASTM Methods. The result obtained show the presences of 10-undecenoic acid methyl ester as the dominant ester with the percentage of 51.19%, 9,12-Octadecadienoic methyl ester 18.85%, Octadecanoic acid methyl ester 8.27%, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester 8.27%, 9-Hexadecenoic acid methyl ester 6.33%, and 2-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester 3.42% other fuel parameters like density, carbon residue, acid value and other fuel properties determined showed compliance with ASTM Specifications. The results infer that the oil from castor seeds possess some beneficial properties tha are suitable for biofuel production.
- Page(s): 116-119
- Date of Publication: 07 August 2019
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Umar M. T
Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria -
Azeh Yakubu
Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria -
Ibrahim I. L
Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria -
Abdulazeez A
Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria -
B.A Hadi
Department of Chemistry, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto,Nigeria. -
Garba Y
Department of Crop production, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
References
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Umar M. T, Azeh Yakubu, Ibrahim I. L, Abdulazeez A, B.A Hadi, Garba Y “Effect of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters on the properties of Biofuel from Ricinus communis (Castor) Seeds Oil” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.116-119 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/116-119.pdf
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Gitonga Harun Mwangi, Joseph Njuguna Karomo, Anthony Muthondu Kinyanjui, Odera Jasper Otieno – July 2019 Page No.: 120-125
Dependence on natural pastures with little or no supplementation makes dairy farming in East African region vulnerable to seasonal weather variations, characterized by low dry–season milk production and high wet-season production, sometimes exceeding the consumption capacity of the market. There was, therefore, a need to develop a method that can help farmers and policymakers estimate future milk production for purposes of planning, in order to avoid losses brought about by the excessive wet season production. This research used time series analysis to examine the rainfall patterns and milk production trends over a period of eight years between 2011 and 2018 in an attempt to establish a relationship between the two variables in Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization-Dairy Research Institute (KALRO-DRI) Naivasha Sub-County, Kenya. This research used monthly milk production averages and monthly average rainfall data from KALRO DRI Naivasha. Secondary Data was collected from the organization and analyzed using R software where two ARIMA models were used to compare the two variables. Climate change has resulted in the emergence and rise of both-vector borne and viral diseases through increased rainfall. There has been a significant rise in outbreaks of foot and mouth disease and tick-borne diseases in the area thus affecting milk production. The overall objective of this study was to assess the influence of changes in rainfall patterns on dairy farming in KALRO Naivasha with a focus on milk output for the various season.
- Page(s): 120-125
- Date of Publication: 07 August 2019
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Gitonga Harun Mwangi
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Nairobi, Kenya -
Joseph Njuguna Karomo
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Nairobi, Kenya -
Anthony Muthondu Kinyanjui
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Nairobi, Kenya -
Odera Jasper Otieno
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Nairobi, Kenya
References
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Gitonga Harun Mwangi, Joseph Njuguna Karomo, Anthony Muthondu Kinyanjui, Odera Jasper Otieno “The Effect of Rainfall Patterns on Dairy Farming in Naivasha Sub-County, Kenya” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.120-125 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/120-125.pdf
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J.Odongo, M.K Janani – July 2019 Page No.: 126-129
Epstein Barr Virus is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis which is commonly diagnosed by detection of antibodies in the patient’s sera. The virus highly prevalent since its affects more than 90% of individuals Worldwide and has been linked to several to malignancies which are common after transplantation. The objective of the research paper was to standardize PCR targeting genes that codes for EBNA3C, LMP and EBNA2 of EBV. I Twenty Peripheral blood specimens was collected from 20 patients diagnosed to have infectious mononucleosis and proven already positive for EBV by PCR targeting VCA gene. All the PCR positive products were subjected to DNA sequencing with forward and reverse primers. Nucleotide sequence results were analyzed by BIOEDIT software and found to have 96-100% homology with Human herpes virus 4 strain B95.8. The genotyping and identification of molecular aspects of the virus leads to better understanding of the mechanism of action of proteins and their role in the development of different diseases. Using the standard serological profile as the reference, the standardized PCR targeting EBNA2, EBNA3C and LMP genes was carried out for 20 clinical specimens. Out of 20 clinical specimens 18 (80%) (Table 5) clinical specimens were positive for the EBV type1 with EBNA2, EBNA3C and LMP genes indicating a band at 378bp, 153bp and 160bp respectively.. All clinical specimens showed negative for the EBV type2 gene. Thus indicating that EBV type1 gene is most prevalent in the Chennai population. From my research I do summarize that EBV type 1 was found to be predominant in Chennai from the given blood sample which were positive for the infectious mononucleosis.
- Page(s): 126-129
- Date of Publication: 09 August 2019
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J.Odongo
Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India -
M.K Janani
Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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J.Odongo, M.K Janani “PCR Based DNA Sequencing Targeting LMP, EBNA2 and EBNA3C Genes of Epstein Barr Virus for Genotyping ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.126-129 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/126-129.pdf
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Adegoke Afeez B., and Maradesa Adeleke and Afolabi Habeeb – July 2019 Page No.: 130-135
This research work is based on studying the quantitative properties of the molecular descriptors of ligands that are suitable for curing ulcer and malaria diseases. The data used is computational result of triterpenoids of Lonchocarpus cyanescens with OH and OCH3 derivation through molecular docking. The statistical significance test of PostHoc Analysis showed that the Molecular weight, Area and volume play crucial role in determining the significant effect of OH and OCH3 in tackling the malaria and ulcer protein receptors. OH-derivative has uniform effect on both receptors responsible for the diseases while OCH3 has significant effect on that of Ulcer as compared to that of Malaria protein receptor.
- Page(s): 130-135
- Date of Publication: 10 August 2019
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Adegoke Afeez B.
Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State,Nigeria -
Maradesa Adeleke
Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State,Nigeria -
Afolabi Habeeb
Adeleke University, Ede Osun State, Nigeria
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Adegoke Afeez B., and Maradesa Adeleke and Afolabi Habeeb “Statistical Analysis of the Inhibitory Activities of Triterpenoid Derivatives against Two Selected Diseases ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.130-135 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/130-135.pdf
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Virginia Mwelu Kitetu, Thomas Tony Mboya Onyango, Jackson Kioko Kwanza – July 2019 Page No.: 136-143
– Currently, numerous studies are being conducted on nanofluids for the benefits associated with low energy costs and less negative environmental impact in industry and society. In the studies, water is commonly used as base for nanofluids in heat transfer applications due to its ability and availability for heat transport. In most of these investigations influence of nanoparticles has been analyzed to determine enhancement of energy transfer on stretched sheets. In this research, magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a nanofluid over a porous straight stretching sheet with water equally as the base fluid and either copper or silver as nanoparticles is examined and discussed. The physical problem is modeled using systems of unsteady non-linear differential equations (DEs) subject to prescribed boundary and initial conditions, which are then studied using finite volume approach. The effect of nanoparticle volume fraction values, Hartmann number and suction parameter on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles is discussed. Results show that suction enhances velocity and increase in values of nanoparticle volume fractions decrease velocity of nanofluid.
- Page(s): 136-143
- Date of Publication: 10 August 2019
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Virginia Mwelu Kitetu
Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Catholic University of Eastern Africa -
Thomas Tony Mboya Onyango
Department of Industrial and Engineering Mathematics, Technical University of Kenya -
Jackson Kioko Kwanza
Pure and Applied Mathematics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
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Virginia Mwelu Kitetu, Thomas Tony Mboya Onyango, Jackson Kioko Kwanza “Control Volume Approach for Determining Effect of Hartman Number, Nanoparticle Volume Fraction and Suction Parameter on MHD Nanofluid Flow over Stretched Surface ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.136-143 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/136-143.pdf
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Ajiboye A.A, Ajiboye M.D, David A.O, Ajewole T.O, Oketayo O.O, Ofoyebi B.S and Agboola D.A July 2019 Page No.: 144-155
This research was carried out to evaluate the quantities of arginase present in the seed and seedlings of Tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum).The Tomato fruits used in this study were collected from Oye market, Oye town in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The fruits were identified in the Herbarium section of Plant Science and Biotechnology laboratory, Federal University Oye-Ekiti. Samples of S.lycopersicum were homogenized, buffered using citrate buffer and centrifuged, arginase assay protocol was conducted and its concentration was determined at wavelength of 450nm. The Roma variety was discovered to have highest absorbance of arginase, highest specific activity and the highest yield percentage value in comparison to the Cherry, Amish paste, Early girl and Pear varieties. The research may have established that the Roma variety of S.lycopersicum give better yield and have a good defensive mechanism for pathogenic attacks due to its high arginase concentration.
- Page(s): 144-155
- Date of Publication: 10 August 2019
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Ajiboye A.A
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria -
Ajiboye M.D
Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria -
David A.O
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria -
Ajewole T.O
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria -
Oketayo O.O
Department of Physics, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria -
Ofoyebi B.S
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria -
Agboola D.A
Department of Pure and Applied Botany, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Ajiboye A.A, Ajiboye M.D, David A.O, Ajewole T.O, Oketayo O.O, Ofoyebi B.S and Agboola D.A “Arginase in Seeds and Seedlings of Five Varieties of Tomatoes (Solanumlycopersicum L.) ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.144-155 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/144-155.pdf
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Chepkoech Carllen, Moses M. Manene, Muriungi Robert – July 2019 Page No.: 156-164
Rainfall is the meteorological phenomenon that is useful for human activities. Majority of population depend on rainfall water for agriculture and domestic use. Since Meru and Embu regions are agricultural zones relying heavily on rainfed agriculture, it is important for farmers to know rainfall patterns prevailing in their regions. The objective of this study was to model rainfall patterns in Meru and Embu regions. Stationarity and unit root for data were tested, time series model was developed and fitted to the historical data using Box-Jenkins (BJ) Methodology and rainfall in the regions were forecasted for five years. Monthly and yearly rainfall data obtained from Kenya meteorological department for the period 1976-2015 was used in the study. This information can be used in planning and management of water for domestic and agricultural use in the regions. Rainfall data was found to be seasonally and non-stationary and hence differencing and seasonal differencing was applied to achieve stationarity. Rainfall in both regions is bimodal, it has short rains in the months of October to December (OND) and long rains in the months of March to May (MAM). The model that best fitted rainfall data was ARIMA (1,1,1)(0,1,1)12. This model was used to forecast monthly rainfall patterns for five years and found that future rainfall patterns will not change with time. It was recommended that, future researchers should consider zoning regions and apply developed ARIMA model and negative binomial to homogenous zones.
- Page(s): 156-164
- Date of Publication: 11 August 2019
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Chepkoech Carllen
Meru University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 972-60200, Meru, Kenya -
Moses M. Manene
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya -
Muriungi Robert
Meru University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 972-60200, Meru, Kenya
References
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Chepkoech Carllen, Moses M. Manene, Muriungi Robert “Modelling Rainfall Patterns in Meru and Embu Regions using Time Series Models ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.156-164 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/156-164.pdf
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Ronoh Leonard Kiprotich – July 2019 Page No.: 165-170
Biodiversity values at ecosystem depend on how people use, manage and interact with the forest trees and trees outside the forest. Between 1990 and 2010 Kenya’s forest cover significantly reduced by 6.5%. The aim of this study was to establish local community’s perception on conservation measures and discern viable conservation measures in CF. Primary data constituted responses from randomly sampled local community, the herbalist, cultivators and foresters interviewed. Their response rate was 96%, 100%, 100% and 60% respectively that were analyzed in SPSS. Obtaining firewood, grazing fodder, honey, herbs among others occurred very frequently in 88%, 83% 93% and 90% respectively. Cutting, trampling and browsing as disturbance on trees accounted for 73%, 15% and 12% respectively. 98%, 81%, 75% and 40% of the respondents considered charcoal making, grazing, and browsing and firewood collection to be very destructive human activities occurring in CF respectively. The forest has decreased in a margin of 9% between 1985 and 2010 in its area with 7% attributed to clear-cutting established using change detection technique. CF has a tree diversity of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.3 in the edge, core and middle zones respectively measured on Simpson Species Diversity Index. It is dominated by Acokantheraschimperi, Tecleasimplifolia and Eucleadivinorum with common height of 3 mand range of 1 m to 7 m. This data was collected using stratified random sampling with established square quadrats along line transects. The forest is managed by protecting and replanting trees which 91% and 76% of residents and forest officers considers inadequate. The local community feels alienated from the conservation as 89% are of the view that conservation management be done by the residents. Collaboration of all stake holders is preferred by 87% of the respondents and 95% proposed that fencing be done compared to 82% in favor of planting trees on farm among other viable conservation measures. Chi-square was conducted to test the significance of association. The forest has been over exploited by unregulated use. It has low tree diversity and diminishing potential for natural regeneration without which no conservation can be said sustainable. The community has the will though not involved thus alienating them. It is recommended that clear guidelines on the legal activities be developed by the forest department with public participation to regulate use of its resources. The forest department to develop inventory on what they are conserving to allow periodic audit that will guide conservation strategies.
- Page(s): 165-170
- Date of Publication: 11 August 2019
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Ronoh Leonard Kiprotich
Kenyatta University, Kenya
References
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Ronoh Leonard Kiprotich “The Community’s’ Perception on Conservation Strategies of Protection and Replanting in Chepalungu Forest Bomet County, Kenya ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.165-170 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/165-170.pdf
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Elekwa, U. A. July 2019 Page No.: 171-174
The priority of any state government should be the provision of social amenities for human development. In essence, the evidence of good governance is the positive impact made in the welfare of its citizens. Xraying Policies and Implementations of Education for all, Healthcare services, Personal Income, Developmental Schemes, Food for all to combat malnutrition and its related hazards. Obviously, the positive sensitivity of a Representative of Government, builds a formidable scorecard. However, a negative scorecard engraves failure at the polls. So, sincerity of purpose in governance is a ticket to the next level.
- Page(s): 171-174
- Date of Publication: 12 August 2019
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Elekwa, U. A.
Department of Political Science, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
References
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Elekwa, U. A. “Social Welfare Administration A Campaign Strategy A Case Study of Nigeria ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.171-174 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/171-174.pdf
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Eliakim Ombati Akama July 2019 Page No.: 175-177
As our society becomes more dependent on the network to aid smooth communication and increased output, preserving confidentiality, integrity and the authenticity of data while it is being stored, transferred and even when it is being processed must be taken into consideration with greater weight. It is very important to note that, sensitive information in transmission, especially the electrical commission’s application, if not well secured it can result in a compromise. Advancement in technology not only in the area of cryptosystem but also in parallelism technology can be of great effect to our data during trans Progression in computing powers and parallelism technology is creating an environment that can be suitable for a secured end to end communication.
- Page(s): 175-177
- Date of Publication: 12 August 2019
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Eliakim Ombati Akama
Lecturer, Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, University of Eldoret, Kenya
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Eliakim Ombati Akama “A Review of Information Security for Data Transmission ” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science -IJRIAS vol.4 issue 7 July 2019, pp.175-177 URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/DigitalLibrary/Vol.4&Issue7/175-177.pdf
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