An Appraisal of Robotic Munitions for Pick and Place Dreary Tasks

An Appraisal of Robotic Munitions for Pick and Place Dreary Tasks

Ogbonna Chukwudi Nnanna¹, Dr. Eseyin Joseph Bolarinwa², Betty Omowumi Bello³ and Falana Moses Oluwaseun⁴

^1,3,4Department of Computer and Information Technology, Veritas University, Abuja

²ICT Directorate, University of Jos, Jos Nigeria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2024.910025

Received: 12 October 2024; Accepted: 22 October 2024; Published: 13 November 2024

ABSTRACT

Robotic arms have become integral in various industries for automating pick-and-place operations, significantly enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and safety. This paper reviews the design, technology, and applications of robotic arms in repetitive tasks, focusing on their components, control systems, and advancements. Arduino will be used in the design of the robotic arm so that it may move objects from one location to another while being controlled by the user. It will securely pick up and move an object from one location to another. The arm’s soft catching gripper won’t exert any additional pressure on the objects that the system has instructed it to. Through Bluetooth, Android-based smartphones are used to control the robot. The robot moves in accordance with the user’s commands. Four motors are interfaced with the micro controller at the receiver end. Two are for the movement of the vehicle, and the other two are for the movement of the gripper and arm, respectively. Robots are controlled via the Blue Control program.

The system will be programmed at the back – end using Proteus programming to integrate the code from Arduino to the hardware components to perform the tasks more efficiently than human labour can do. The robot will help to save time of operation for the users and costs of employing experienced human labour in the same tasks. In a repetitive tasks human can get fatigue more quickly than machine and this implementation will immensely assists such repetitive tasks to be done effectively and efficiently with less human intervention in the process for maximum goal achievements in an organization and even for individuals.

INTRODUCTION

The need for automation in manufacturing and logistics has led to the widespread adoption of robotic arms. These systems are designed to perform repetitive tasks with precision, reducing human labor and minimizing errors. In the modern day, robotics has become increasingly important since it is less expensive to operate than human labor for the same activity, and if a robot is programmed, it can outperform skilled human labor. The modern industry is moving toward computer-based job monitoring, mostly as a result of the requirement for higher output and the delivery of finished goods with the highest possible quality. Industrial robots are used because hard computerization systems are often expensive and rigid. This study presents the introduction of a robotic arm that can move objects from one location to another in response to commands from the user.

Components of Robotic Arms

A robotic arm consists of several key components:

End Effectors: The tool or gripper at the end of the arm that interacts with objects.

Joints and Links: provide the necessary degrees of freedom for movement. Common configurations include Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates.

Actuators: Drive the movement of joints, typically using electric motors or hydraulic systems.

Fig. 1 Block diagram of components of robotic arm

Sensors: enable feedback for tasks such as object detection and positioning.

Control Systems

Control of robotic arms is crucial for precise operation. Common methods include:

Open-loop Control: Simple systems without feedback, suitable for repetitive tasks with fixed paths.

Closed-loop Control: incorporates feedback mechanisms for real-time adjustments, enhancing accuracy.

Artificial Intelligence: Machine learning algorithms improve adaptability to varying conditions and optimize performance.

Technologies

Recent advancements have influenced the efficiency and capabilities of robotic arms:

Vision Systems: Cameras and computer vision allow for better object recognition and spatial awareness.

Collaborative Robotic (Cobots): Designed to work alongside humans, enhancing safety and flexibility.

Simulation software: Tools for programming and testing robotic arms in virtual environments before deployment.

Fig. 2 The Interface Layout of components connection

Applications

Robotic arms are used across various sectors:

Manufacturing: assembly lines for components, packaging, and palletizing.

Logistics: Sorting and moving goods in warehouse.

Healthcare: Assisting in surgeries and handling delicate instruments.

Challenges and Future Directions

Despite their advantages, robotic arms face challenges such as:

Integration with existing systems: Ensuring compatibility with legacy equipment.

Cost: Initial investment and maintenance can be high.

Skill Gap: need for trained personnel to operate and maintain robotic systems.

Future advancements may focus on improving adaptability, reducing costs and enhancing collaboration between humans and robots.

CONCLUSION

Robotic arms are revolutionizing the way repetitive tasks are performed across various industries. Continued innovations in technology and control systems will future enhance their capabilities, making them a cornerstone of modern automation.

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