Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Technology-Integrated Approach: A Review of Federal College of Education, Zaria’s Experience

Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Technology-Integrated Approach: A Review of Federal College of Education, Zaria’s Experience

Efe M. Omwirhiren, Esq (Ph. D)

Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education, PMB 1041, Zaria.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.1002001

Received: 11 September 2024; Accepted: 18 September 2024; Published: 27 February 2025

ABSTRACT

This review examines the implementation of Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) in Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria, focusing on its effectiveness, challenges, and future directions. The review highlights the benefits of TIA, including improved teacher confidence, student engagement, and access to educational resources. It also identifies key challenges, such as technical issues, limited internet access, and infrastructure gaps. Despite the potential benefits of TIA, its implementation has been hindered by the absence of a comprehensive policy framework.

Preliminary studies from combining survey questionnaires, interviews, and observations reveal inconsistent application of TIA across classes and departments, limited teacher training, and inadequate resource allocation. However, TIA has shown promise in enhancing examination administration. The study’s conceptual framework, grounded in social constructivist theory, cognitive load theory, and self-determination theory, highlights the importance of a supportive learning environment, teacher professional development, and student-centred learning in TIA implementation. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on TIA implementation by, providing insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers, promoting effective TIA implementation and improved learning outcomes in Nigerian educational institutions. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a comprehensive policy framework, teacher training, and resource allocation to harness the full potential of TIA.

Keywords: Technology-Integrated Approach, FCE Zaria, Nigeria, teaching and learning, educational technology, teacher training

INTRODUCTION

Teacher professional development is a crucial aspect of education, as it enables educators to enhance their skills, knowledge, and practices, ultimately leading to improved student learning outcomes (Suchita et al.,2023). In today’s rapidly changing educational landscape, teachers must stay up-to-date with best practices, technologies, and methodologies to provide high-quality instruction.

Technology integration has transformed the educational sector, offering innovative ways to teach, learn, and assess. Effective technology integration can increase student engagement, motivation, and achievement, as well as provide teachers with valuable tools and resources to support their instructional practices (Rifel & Osias 2024, Falloon,2020, Ramarola, 2013).

The Federal College of Education, Zaria, situate in north western Nigeria is a prominent institution dedicated to preparing teachers for the country’s education system. Her vision and mission are in tandem with its objects (FCE Zaria Student Handbook,2020). As the college strives to produce high-quality educators, it is essential to explore innovative approaches to teacher professional development, particularly those that leverage technology to enhance teaching and learning.as well as aspects that are ancillary to it.

The Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) is a comprehensive framework that encompasses several keys elements to enhance teaching and learning. These key elements work together to create a comprehensive and effective Technology-Integrated Approach that enhances teaching and learning, preparing students for success in a technology-driven world (Mdhlalose & Mlambo, 2023).

Effective curriculum integration aligns technology with curriculum standards and learning objectives, ensuring a cohesive learning experience. Teacher capacity is another crucial element, with ongoing training and support enabling educators to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices (Mirra, et al.,2018).

Student-centred learning approaches, such as project-based learning and inquiry-based learning, encourage active learning and engagement. A reliable and accessible technology infrastructure, including devices, internet, and software, provides the necessary tools for TIA implementation (Kouser S, & Majid ,2021, Goh et al., 2017).

High-quality digital resources, including multimedia, simulations, and games, enrich the learning experience. Regular assessment and feedback mechanisms monitor student progress, while opportunities for collaboration and communication foster a sense of community (Mdhlalose & Mlambo, 2023, Mirjana et al.,2018, Gulati,2008) Digital citizenship education promotes responsible technology use, online safety, and digital etiquette. Continuous evaluation and improvement refine TIA implementation, ensuring its effectiveness (Osasebor & Oribhabor, 2023, Dziuban et al.,2018) Parental engagement through workshops, training, and volunteer opportunities encourages a collaborative learning environment (Herwin & Dahalan,2022). Finally, reliable technical support and maintenance ensure seamless technology integration, allowing educators to focus on teaching and learning (Williams, 2017).

This paper is a examines the implementation of Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) in Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria, focusing on its effectiveness, challenges, and future directions. It takes a cursory look at conceptual framework for its implementation, the benefits of TIA, strategies for TIA implementation, the challenges and limitation of TIA implementation as well as ways of surmounting crucial challenges. It furthers examines the global trends in TIA implementation and results from preliminary studies conducted that is still ongoing in FCE Zaria. The review concludes and recommend what is expected from stakeholders to keep the modest gains made in this direction and how to improve going forward.

Conceptual Framework

The foundation of effective teacher professional development and technology integration in education is built upon a robust conceptual framework. At its core, teacher professional development is an ongoing process of growth and refinement, aimed at equipping educators with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary for exceptional teaching practices. By embracing these conceptual frameworks, educators can unlock the full potential of technology-integrated approaches, leading to transformative teacher professional development and improved teaching practices (Picciano,2017). As a result, student learning outcomes are elevated, and the educational landscape is continuously enlarged.

This process is fuelled by various activities, including workshops, training programmes, mentoring, and reflective practices, all designed to enhance teacher capacity and ultimately improve student learning outcomes. In tandem, a technology-integrated approach in education harnesses the power of technology to support teaching and learning, recognizing its potential to augment pedagogical practices, boost student engagement, and provide personalized learning experiences (Rajendran & Kaur ,2023, Voogt et al.,2013).

Underpinning technology-enhanced learning are several key theoretical perspectives. Social Constructivist Theory highlights the significance of social interactions and collaborative learning in shaping knowledge and understanding (Aldoobie,2015). Cognitive Load Theory suggests that technology can expertly manage cognitive load, empowering learners to focus on complex tasks (Sweller,2008). Self-Determination Theory proposes that technology can support autonomy, competence, and relatedness in learning environments, fostering a deeper connection to the learning process (Chiu,2022).

Effective Strategies for Technology-Integrated Approach

Effective strategies for Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) involve a multifaceted approach that foster a supportive learning environment, encourages teacher innovation and leverages technology to enhance student learning outcomes. The body of academic literature, has outlined a number of key strategies to be adopted (Rifel J.C. & Osias 2024, Suchita et al.,2023, Howard & Mozejko, 2015, Ramarola,2013). Some of the key strategies has to do with the following:

One, professional development programmes provide regular training, workshops, and coaching for teachers to enhance their technology skills. collaborative learning communities establish online or offline spaces for teachers to share best practices, resources, and experiences.

Two, mentorship programmes pair experienced teachers with new educators to provide guidance and support in TIA implementation. Technology support teams offer technical assistance, maintenance, and troubleshooting.

Three, curriculum integration aligns technology with curriculum standards and learning objectives. student-centred learning encourages active learning, inquiry-based approaches, and student-led projects.

Four, formative assessments regularly monitor student progress and adjust instruction accordingly. Parental engagement involves parents in TIA through workshops, training, and volunteer opportunities.

Five, flexible learning environments create technology-rich spaces that facilitate collaboration and innovation. Continuous evaluation and improvement regularly assess TIA effectiveness and make data-driven decisions for improvement.

Six, digital resource curation provides teachers with curated digital resources, tools, and platforms. Technology-enhanced feedback leverages technology to provide timely, personalized feedback to students.

Seven, inclusive and accessible technologies ensure technologies are accessible and inclusive for all students. Cyberbullying prevention and digital citizenship teach students responsible technology use and online safety (Climans,2021).

Partnerships and Collaborations foster partnerships with industries, organizations, and higher education institutions among other effective strategies that educators can implement to create a robust and sustainable TIA that enhances teaching practices and student learning outcomes.

Benefits of TIA

The integration of technology into teacher professional development and education, known as Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA), offers numerous benefits (Cox,2024, Didin et al., 2022, Mirjana et al., 2018). Firstly, TIA enhances teacher capacity by equipping educators with new skills, knowledge, and competencies to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices.

TIA also improves teaching practices by supporting innovative and student-centred methods, leading to more engaging and effective learning experiences. Additionally, TIA provides teachers with a wealth of digital resources, including educational software, online libraries, and multimedia materials, increasing access to information and learning tools.

Personalized learning is another significant benefit of TIA, as it enables teachers to tailor instruction to meet individual students’ needs, abilities, and learning styles. TIA also increases efficiency by automating administrative tasks, freeing teachers to focus on instructional activities.

Moreover, TIA facilitates collaboration among teachers, students, and parents, promoting a sense of community and shared responsibility. The approach has been shown to positively impact student learning outcomes, including achievement, motivation, and engagement.

TIA encourages professional growth by prompting teachers to reflect on their practice, set goals, and pursue ongoing professional development. Furthermore, TIA allows for flexible and scalable learning environments, accommodating diverse learning needs and contexts.

Finally, TIA prepares students for success in a rapidly changing, technology-driven world, equipping them with the skills and knowledge necessary for future careers. By embracing TIA, educators can create a more dynamic, inclusive, and effective learning environment, ultimately leading to improved student outcomes and teacher satisfaction.

Findings from Preliminary Studies

The preliminary results of the Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) conducted in FCE Zaria reveal a mix of encouraging trends and areas for improvement. On the positive side, a significant majority of teachers (70%) reported feeling more confident in using technology for instruction, while an overwhelming 70% of students found themselves more engaged in lessons that incorporated technology. Furthermore, a remarkable 80% of teachers observed increased collaboration among students and between teachers and students, and a staggering 90% of students enjoyed better access to educational resources through technology. These findings are largely on personal interactions rather than institutional with the instrument of technology at the disposal of stakeholders within the college community.

However, there are still areas that require attention. Technical issues, such as equipment malfunctions and connectivity problems, hindered lessons for 40% of teachers. Limited internet access within and outside of school affected 30% of students, while 25% of teachers expressed a need for more training on technology integration. Additionally, 20% of teachers reported inadequate technology infrastructure and 25% of teachers expressed unwillingness to integrate technology in their teaching and learning process based on personal reasons. It is instructive to mentioned here that major of the teachers who expressed resentment are at the terminal age of their career and are preparing to be disengaged from service by way of retirement.

Progress made so far in FCE Zaria.

The Federal College of Education (FCE) in Zaria has made significant strides in improving its Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA), demonstrating a commitment to harnessing technology to enhance administrative efficiency, teaching practices, and student learning experiences.

One notable improvement is the implementation of an online platform for assessing and publishing student results, reducing manual errors and increasing transparency. Additionally, digital tools and resources have been introduced to enhance teaching practices, including online lesson plans, interactive whiteboards, and educational software.

FCE Zaria has also switched to electronic certificates for graduates, making it easier to verify authenticity and reducing paper waste. Online pay slips have been introduced for staff, improving payroll efficiency and reducing paperwork. A digital attendance system has been implemented for students and staff, streamlining attendance tracking and monitoring.

Furthermore, a virtual learning environment has been established for students to access course materials, submit assignments, and engage in online discussions. An automated grading system has been introduced to reduce manual grading errors and increase efficiency.

Going forward, management and academic board meetings are in most cases organised virtually. Results are presented via online platforms.

Digital library resources, including e-books and online journals, have been provided to support research and learning. An online student portal has been created for accessing important information, such as academic records, admission letters, examination card, timetables, and announcements. Finally, an online staff performance management system has been implemented to streamline evaluations and professional development.

The recent 20^th Annual Conference, 2024 held virtually by the School of Secondary education (Sciences) was a resounding success, showcasing the transformative power of Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) in education. By leveraging digital platforms, the conference transcended geographical boundaries, enabling participants from far and near to engage in a rich exchange of ideas.

The virtual setting facilitated seamless presentations, with papers being delivered in a clear and audible manner, ensuring that all attendees could fully absorb the knowledge shared. This innovative approach not only enhanced accessibility but also fostered a sense of community among scholars, who were able to connect and collaborate in real-time.

The conference was a testament to the faculty’s proactive adoption of TIA, demonstrating their commitment to harnessing technology to enhance academic collaboration, knowledge sharing, and professional development. By embracing digital solutions, they have unlocked new possibilities for engagement, inclusivity, and excellence in education.

As the faculty looks to the future, their plea for management support underscores the recognition that TIA has the potential to revolutionize the educational landscape. By continuing to explore and invest in technology-integrated approaches, the institution can further empower its scholars, enhance the learning experience, and solidify its position at the forefront of academic innovation.

These improvements demonstrate FCE Zaria’s dedication to leveraging technology to enhance its operations and provide a better learning experience for its students. By embracing technology, the institution is positioning itself for continued growth and success in the digital age.

The Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) has revolutionized the educational landscape at the Federal College of Education (FCE) Zaria, bringing about significant transformations in the way teaching and learning are conducted. However, despite its numerous benefits, TIA’s implementation has not been without its challenges.

On the one hand, TIA has excelled in the realm of examinations, with most tests progressively transitioning to computer-based tests (CBT). This shift has enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of the assessment process, providing a more reliable measure of student performance.

On the other hand, TIA’s impact on instructional delivery has been less impressive. In some classes, the integration of technology into teaching and learning has been hindered by a lack of basic materials and resources. This has resulted in a disconnect between the potential of TIA and its actual application in the classroom.

Furthermore, the absence of essential instructional materials has limited the effectiveness of TIA in supporting student learning. This shortfall has underscored the need for a more comprehensive approach to TIA implementation, one that addresses the entire spectrum of teaching and learning requirements.

While acknowledging that TIA has made significant strides in examination administration at FCE Zaria, its impact on instructional delivery has been inconsistent. To fully realize the benefits of TIA, it is essential to prioritize the provision of basic materials and resources, ensuring that teachers and students have the necessary tools to thrive in a technology-integrated learning environment.

Challenges and Limitations

FCE Zaria’s quest to integrate technology into its teaching and learning approach is fraught with numerous challenges. The institution’s limited internet access, plagued by slow speeds and inadequate connectivity, severely hampers online learning and resource access. Furthermore, the outdated technology infrastructure, comprising antiquated hardware and software, urgently requires upgrading to support the demands of modern education.

The frequent technical issues, including power outages and equipment malfunctions, disrupt the implementation of Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA), causing frustration and hindering progress. Moreover, some teachers require additional training to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices, highlighting the need for ongoing professional development.

The inadequacies of digital educational resources, such as e-books and online journals, further constrains TIA implementation. The institution’s power supply instability, marked by frequent outages, affects the use of technology for teaching and learning. The high student-computer ratio means that students have limited hands-on experience with technology, hindering their ability to develop essential digital skills.

Financial constraints, resulting from a limited budget, impede TIA implementation, maintenance, and upgrading. Moreover, resistance to change among some teachers and staff may hinder the adoption of new technologies and methodologies. Finally, monitoring and evaluation challenges make it difficult to track and assess the effectiveness of TIA implementation.

These challenges necessitate a comprehensive approach to address the obstacles and ensure successful TIA implementation, ultimately enhancing teaching and learning outcomes at FCE Zaria.

Addressing Challenges

To address these challenges, there is the need for providing regular technical support, exploring solutions for improving internet access for students outside of school, offering ongoing training and support for teachers, and upgrading technology infrastructure to support TIA implementation. Considering some of these challenges in detail, the author is of the view that:

To ensure a stable power supply for FCE Zaria’s Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) implementation, a multi-faceted approach is necessary. Firstly, installing inverters or Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) will provide backup power during outages, minimizing disruptions. Additionally, generators should be installed as a backup power source, with regular maintenance and fuel supply ensured.

Exploring sustainable energy sources, such as solar power, can also provide a reliable and eco-friendly solution. Power stabilizers can regulate voltage fluctuations, while regular maintenance of power infrastructure, including generators and UPS, will prevent potential issues.

Implementing power redundancy by having multiple power sources and distribution paths will further ensure a stable supply. Using energy-efficient equipment and devices will reduce power consumption, and installing power monitoring systems will track energy usage and detect potential issues.

Identifying backup power sources, such as nearby grids or alternative energy sources, and developing a contingency plan for extended power outages will ensure alternative learning arrangements can be made. Collaborating with power authorities will ensure reliable power supply and prompt addressing of outages.

Finally, investing in upgrading power infrastructure, including cables, transformers, and distribution lines, will complete the comprehensive approach. By implementing these measures, FCE Zaria can ensure a stable power supply, minimizing disruptions to TIA implementation and learning activities, and providing a reliable and efficient learning environment.

To ensure a seamless Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) implementation at FCE Zaria, addressing technical issues is crucial. Establishing a dedicated help desk with trained staff will provide prompt technical support, while regular maintenance checks will prevent issues from arising. Developing and disseminating troubleshooting guidelines will empower teachers and staff to resolve common technical problems independently.

Providing technical training for teachers and staff will enhance their troubleshooting skills, and assembling a team of technical experts will ensure complex issues are resolved efficiently. Engaging with vendors for technical support, repairs, and replacements will provide additional assistance when needed.

Implementing backup systems for critical data and applications will minimize downtime, while installing stabilizers, inverters, or generators will ensure a stable power supply in the ICT designated centres. Regular network monitoring will detect performance issues and security threats, and a user feedback mechanism will allow users to report technical issues and suggest improvements.

Maintaining accurate records of technical issues, solutions, and maintenance activities will help track progress, and allocating a budget for technical support, maintenance, and upgrades will ensure sustainability. By implementing these measures, FCE Zaria can minimize technical issues, ensure a smooth TIA implementation, and provide a reliable and efficient learning environment.

In the face of limited smart boards and power/energy issues, implementing Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) requires innovative solutions and strategic planning. Firstly, assess and prioritize classes without smart boards, focusing on those with the most need. Explore alternative technology solutions, such as portable interactive whiteboards, tablet or laptop-based solutions, and low-cost, low-power digital tools.

Address power and energy challenges by investing in backup systems, exploring alternative energy sources like solar power, and implementing energy-efficient practices. Implement TIA in phases, starting with classes with available resources, to ensure gradual progress.

Utilize low-tech TIA methods, such as interactive lectures, group discussions, and hands-on activities, to engage students and promote learning. Engage with local communities, organizations, or businesses to secure donations or funding for smart boards and power solutions.

At the beehive of the above lies the critical issue of funding. Without funding, we go nowhere. Seek government assistance for funding programmes for educational technology initiatives, and provide teachers with training on effective TIA implementation using available resources. Lobbying and soliciting the intervention of tertiary education trust fund, TETFund and the petroleum technology development fund, PTDF will not be a bad idea. These are bodies are well notorious being in the vanguard of supporting the cause of TIA in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Although, the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board, JAMB may not be known for such gesture, in the author’s view, a trial to solicit for their assistance could be an option. This is particularly instructive judging from the good relationship the institution enjoys with the foremost examination body. Furthermore, when one considers that JAMB has effectively integrated technology in their assessment practices, leveraging on these robust credentials may spin something into the institution   when such attempt at asking is on the table. Apart from government, friends of the college and educationally friendly individuals as well as non-governmental organization, NGO could be contacted as the advocacy rages on for increased funding and support for educational technology initiatives, emphasizing the importance of TIA in enhancing teaching and learning. Regular monitoring and evaluating TIA implementation, adjusting strategies as needed may go a long way in surmounting some of these challenges.

Taking these steps, some of these daunting challenges can be overcome and progress made towards creating a more technology-integrated learning environment, ultimately benefiting students and educators alike.

CONCLUSION

The implementation of Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) at the Federal College of Education (FCE) Zaria has shown promise in enhancing examination administration, but its impact on instructional delivery has been hindered by the absence of a comprehensive policy framework. This study’s conceptual framework, grounded in social constructivist theory, cognitive load theory, and self-determination theory, highlights the importance of a supportive learning environment, teacher professional development, and student-centred learning in TIA implementation.

The benefits of TIA, including enhanced student engagement, improved learning outcomes, and increased efficiency, are evident in FCE Zaria’s examination administration. However, challenges such as inadequate teacher training, limited resources, and resistance to change have hindered its effective implementation in  the aspect of instructional delivery.

To overcome these challenges, strategies such as teacher professional development, student-centred learning, and collaborative learning communities can be employed. Additionally, addressing the absence of a policy framework, allocating sufficient resources, and conducting regular monitoring and evaluation are crucial for successful TIA implementation.

The FCE Zaria findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to TIA implementation, one that addresses the entire spectrum of teaching and learning requirements. By adopting a multifaceted strategy that incorporates policy development, teacher training, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement, FCE Zaria can harness the full potential of TIA to transform teaching and learning, ultimately improving student outcomes and educational quality.

In conclusion, the effective implementation of TIA requires a careful balance of technological integration, teacher professional development, and student-centred learning, all guided by a comprehensive policy framework. By learning from the FCE Zaria experience and addressing the challenges and limitations encountered, educators and policymakers can create a supportive learning environment that leverages technology to enhance teaching and learning.

RECOMMENDATIONS

To ensure the successful implementation and sustainability of Technology-Integrated Approach (TIA) at Federal College of Education, Zaria, the following recommendations are made:

1. Develop a comprehensive policy framework for TIA, outlining clear goals, objectives, and guidelines for implementation.
2. Provide regular professional development opportunities for teachers, focusing on pedagogical integration, technical skills, and content knowledge.
3. Allocate a dedicated budget for TIA implementation, including hardware, software, and training costs, and explore funding opportunities to support sustainability.
4. Establish a TIA support unit to provide technical assistance, resources, and guidance to teachers, and foster partnerships with technology providers and educational institutions.
5. Regularly monitor and evaluate TIA implementation, using data to inform decision-making and improvement strategies, and encourage student-centered learning, collaborative learning communities, and innovative teaching methods.

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