A 5 Year (2010 – 2014) Retrospective Study on Dystocia Cases Managed in Veterinary Clinics in North Western Nigeria
- October 5, 2021
- Posted by: rsispostadmin
- Categories: IJRSI, Veterinary
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VIII, Issue IX, September 2021 | ISSN 2321–2705
Ashiru Dahiru*1, Aliyu Jibril2, Nura Abubakar3
1. Department of Veterinary physiology and Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
2. Department of theriogenology and animal production, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
3. Department of Veterinary surgery and radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
* Corresponding Author
Abstract: A 5 – year (2010 – 2014) retrospective study of dystocia cases presented and managed in veterinary clinics located in north western Nigeria, was carried out using clinical case records. All records containing cases of dystocia were carefully studied and recorded. Dystocia accounted for 0.9% of 31106 cases presented and managed within the study period. A total of 10,351, 14,185 and 6570 cases where reported in Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara respectively. Ovine is the most affected species (74.4%) followed by caprine (20.3%) and lastly bovine (5.3%). The breed of bovine affected with dystocia are sokoto gudali (78.6%) and white fulani (21.4%) while for ovine are yankasa (40%), balami (25.3%), ouda (24.7%) and cross breed (10%). While for caprine are red Sokoto goats (85%) and West African dwarf (15%). Oversized fetus is the common cause in ovine and bovine while for caprine is twinning. Manual traction is the most common management used followed by caesarean section in both ovine and caprine while for bovine is caesarean section. It is recommended that, more work should be done to reduce dystocia occurrence, enlighten people about cross breeding and proper record keeping so as to know the total number of cases recorded.
Key words: Retrospective, Dystocia, Veterinary Clinics, North Western, Nigeria.
I. INTRODUCTION
Livestock account for one third of Nigerians agricultural produce providing income, employment, food, farm energy, manure, fuel and transport [1]. They are also major source of government revenue. Traditional livestock production in Nigeria is varied and complex. Livestock especially ruminants are the most efficient users of uncultivated land and can contribute substantially to crop production [1]. Among all the livestock that makes up the farm animals in Nigeria, ruminants, comprising sheep, goats and cattle, constitute the farm animals largely reared by farm families in the country’s agricultural system [1]. Dystocia means difficult birth and is the opposite eutocia or normal birth [2]. Dystocia may be referring to abnormal or difficult birth, it is expected to occur in about 10 – 15 % of first calf heifers and in 3 – 5 % of matured cattle [3]. The dividing point between dystocia and eutocia is not a clear cut [3]. Dystocia occur in all domestic animal species but the highest incidence is probably in ruminants (cattle). The causes of dystocia are classified in to maternal and fetal categories where the responsibility for dystocia is attributed to the mother and fetus respectively [4]. In many cases both mother and fetus share responsibility for a problem and in some cases it may be difficult to pin – point the exact cause of dystocia. Common cause is feoto – maternal disproportion, but faulty disposition is also often to blame [5]. The incidence of dystocia is generally low, 3% in the cow, 4% in the mare and 3% in the ewe [6]. Fetal maldisposition has the cause of dystocia in sheep (50%), obstruction of the birth canal (ring womb) is next with 35% and the least is fatal moinster/abnormalities, 3%. [6]. In Nigeria, cases of dystocia have been reported to be due to fetal oversize, faulty disposition, partial dilation of the cervix, fetal moinster/abnormalities and toxaemia. [7,8,9]. Other factors that can influence the occurrence of dystocia are breed (sire and dam), number of fetuses and weight of dam [10].
