Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Filled with Hybrid Fillers (Carbon Black/Palm Kernel Shell and Palm Kernel Shell/Sandbox Seed Shell)
- January 30, 2021
- Posted by: RSIS Team
- Categories: IJRIAS, Polymer Engineering
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume VI, Issue I, January 2021 | ISSN 2454–6186
Amoke A.1*, Tenebe O.G2, Ichetaonye, S.I3, Edegbe, O.C4, Ayo M.D5
1,4,5Department of Polymer Technology, Auchi Polytechnic Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
2Department of Polymer Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria, Nigeria
3Department of Polymer and Textile Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
Corresponding Author*
Abstract:-Comparison of mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates filled with hybrid fillers (carbon black/palm kernel shell and palm kernel shell/sandbox seed shell). The compounding was done at varying ratios 0/60, 10/50, 20/40, 30/30, 40/20, 50/10, 60/0phr for the hybrid carbon black/palm kernel shell (CB/PKS) and palm kernel shell/sandbox seed shell (PKS/SSS), using two roll mill. The results showed that incorporation of hybrid CB/PKS and PKS/SSS fillers into the natural rubber vulcanizates generally increased the tensile strength, modulus and hardness at hybrid filler loadings 0/60, 20/40, 30/30, 40/20, 50/10 and 60/0phr of the composites produced, whereas the elongation at break, abrasion resistance and compression set decreased. The hybrid CB/PKS filled natural rubber vulcanizates exhibited higher tensile strength, modulus and hardness than those of the hybrid PKS/SSS filled natural rubber vulcanizates but lower elongation at break, abrasion resistance and compression set than the hybrid PKS/SSS filled natural rubber vulcanizates.
Key words: filler; hybrid; modulus; natural rubber; vulcanizates
Introduction
Composites are materials consisting of two or more chemically distinct constituents, on a macro-scale, having a distinct interface separating them. Oneor more discontinuous phases are, therefore, embedded in a continuous phase to form a composite (Agarwal and Broutman, 1990). The discontinuous phase is usually harder and stronger than the continuous phase and is called the reinforcement, which provides strength to the composite. Whereas, the continuous phase is termed as the matrix which holds the fibre in desired shape and transfer the load from one fibre to other. For example; polymeric composites normally yield composites which are light yet strong due to filler incooperated. Even-though some materials require a chemical treatment to gain strength. Rubber composites are typical examples since curing is a recipe of chemicals for modification of rubber elasticity and strength. This is dependent on a number of factors including type of vulcanizing agent, accelerator (s), activator (s), reinforcing filler, anti-oxidant, heat retardant, mixing/mastication procedure and processing temperatures (Martins and Ines 2003; Oluwole et al, 2015; Ismail et al, 2008; Mondragog et al, 2009). Generally properties of composite materials are influenced by the two materials involved as well as the method of processing (Ku et al, 2011).
