Diversity, Abundance, Uniform And Dominance Of Plantones In The Batu Bumbun Reservat

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) | Volume V, Issue XII, December 2021 | ISSN 2454–6186

Diversity, Abundance, Uniform And Dominance Of Plantones In The Batu Bumbun Reservat

  Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Sus Trimurti, Lariman
Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, Jl. Barong Tongkok No.4 Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, East Kalimantan

Abstract
The research activity on the Diversity, Abundance, Uniformity, and Dominance of Plankton in the Batu Bumbun Reservat aims to determine the potential of plankton as natural food for fish in a waters that serves as a fishery reserve. Batu Bumbun Reservation is a freshwater reserve that is used as a fishery reserve, located in Muara Muntai District which borders on the bay (Ulak Banda), namely from Muara Tawar, Sungai Tawar and its surroundings to Lake Batu Bumbun, from Muara Sungai Muntai, Labak Beto to Tanjung Kemujan, Keluang river and its surroundings. The total area of the location is about 450 Ha. The methodology used is the survey method. Research activities are carried out from February to April 2021 for sampling and analysis in the laboratory. Water environment data includes data on physical, chemical and biological parameters. Physical parameters measured are: temperature, brightness, and depth. Chemical parameters to be taken are: pH, DO, and Alkalinity. The biological parameter to be taken is plankton. The results of the research on Plankton found in the Batu Bumbun reserve are 64 species which are divided into 10 classes consisting of 6 classes of phytoplankton, namely: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenaceae, Myxophyceae and Xanthophyceae and 4 classes of zoo plankton, namely: Crustacea, Ciliata, Lobosa and Monogononta. The total value of plankton abundance obtained during the study at station 1 was 56,852 individuals/liter, station 2 was 38,552 individuals/liter and station 3 was 54,107 individuals/liter. The highest diversity index value (H’) is found at station 1 of 3.4376 and the lowest diversity index value (H’) is at station 2 of 2.8585. The range of diversity index (H’) at 3 stations ranged from 2.8585 to 3.4376 which was classified as good and stable diversity. The highest uniformity index value (E) is at station 3 of 0.9152 and the lowest uniformity value (E) is at station 2 of 0.7916. The range of the uniformity index (E) at the 3 stations ranged from 0.7916 to 0.9152 so that at the 3 stations the distribution of individuals was fairly even at each station. The value of the dominance index (D’) at the 3 stations ranged from 0.0399 to 0.1100 which indicated that the number of individuals for each species was almost the same and that there were no species that dominated other species or in other words the community structure was in a stable condition. This condition is very important considering Batu Bumbun is a fishery reserve that must provide fish as an economic source for the surrounding community and as a source of food for protected mammals, namely the Mahakam Pesut (Orcaella brevirostris).

Key words: Diversity, Abundance, Uniformity, Dominance, Plankton, Reservat

1. INTRODUCTION
In general terms, a fishery reserve or sanctuary is a protected part of the waters, so it is prohibited to carry out fishing activities and other activities that can damage the environment (Directorate of Bina Sumber Hayati, 1993). The broad definition of a reserve is a public water area that is protected in a limited manner with a function as a buffer for an aquatic ecosystem that is considered critical and its sustainability threatened or its habitat for fish resources (endemic species).
The fishery reserve will function as a water body where the fish community can carry out its life cycle, so that the water body can supply fish seeds and broodstock to the surrounding fishing grounds, can preserve the fish germplasm in it, can maintain the beauty and authenticity of the environment, and can maintain its authenticity and evolutionary process (Sarnita, 2000). Furthermore, it is hoped that fishery reserves can restore the carrying capacity of water bodies, so that fishery reserves can achieve benefits and balance the benefits of fishermen and the surrounding community (Anonymous, 1985). To achieve and ensure the sustainability of fish populations, fishery reserves should meet several criteria or requirements for habitat and water quality (physical, chemical, and biological properties). Reservat water quality parameters will support the productivity of the reservoir waters. Therefore, during the rainy and dry seasons, the water quality parameters must be good, so that it can support the life of fish in the reserve.
Batu Bumbun Reservation is located in Muara Muntai District which is bordered by the bay (Ulak Banda) namely from Muara Tawar, Sungai Tawar and its surroundings to Lake Batu Bumbun, from Muara Sungai Muntai, Labak Beto to Tanjung Kemujan, the Keluang river and its surroundings. The total area of the location is about 450 Ha.
The head of the Regional Environmental Impact Management Agency (Bapedalda) of Kutai Kartanegara Regency reported that deforestation had damaged the lake’s environment. “Thus, the nine lakes that were used as a reservation in Kutai Kartanegara are lost because their boundaries, such as trees or grasses, are no longer there. He also stated that the existence of lakes around the Mahakam River is increasingly threatened with permits to open dozens of plantation projects. “There are at least 26 oil palm plantation projects that have obtained permits for land clearing around Kota Bangun.” In addition, the issuance of mining permits in the Gunung Bayan area, which is located upstream of the Mahakam River, is also increasingly threatening the existence the main lakes in the upper Mahakam River, including the reservoir lake (Sayekti, 2004).
The damage to the ecosystem of the fish reserve area has resulted in decreasing fishery potential. In the 1970s the average annual catch of fish from Semayang and Melintang Lakes reached 25,000 to 35,000 tons. In 1993, the average catch of fish from Semayang and Melintang Lakes was 5,139.7 tons/year, even in 2004 the average catch of fish was only 750 tons/year (BPDAS, 2010).

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