Down Syndrome Disorder Diagnosis in Children Using Analysis of Voice in Signal Processing

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume VI, Issue VIII, August 2021|ISSN 2454-6194

Down Syndrome Disorder Diagnosis in Children Using Analysis of Voice in Signal Processing

Dickson, Makasda Solomon¹ and Kabari, Ledisi G.^2
1,²Department of Computer Science, Ignatuius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

I. INTRODUCTION
Down syndrome is one of the most leading causes of intellectual disability and millions of these patients face various health issues including learning and memory, congenital heart diseases (CHD), Alzheimer’s diseases (AD), leukemia, cancers and Hirschprung disease (HD).
The incidence of trisomy is influenced by maternal age and differs in population (between 1 in 319 and 1 in 1000 live births) [1]. DS has high genetic complexity and phenotype variability. Trisomic fetuses are at elevated risk of miscarriages and DS people have increased incidence of developing several medical conditions [2,3]. Recent advancement in medical treatment with social support has increased the life expectancy for DS population. In developed countries, the average life span for DS population is 55 years [4].
Down syndrome is a relatively common chromosomal disorder. Most children with Down syndrome have mild to moderate mental impairment. About half have heart defects or other medical problems such as hearing and vision problems. [5] Prenatal testing may be able to recognize Down syndrome before the baby is born. Your doctor can help to arrange for appropriate medical care for your child with Down syndrome, along with services and support for your family. [6]
Down syndrome is a genetic disease caused by a chromosomal abnormality. The child usually has a certain appearance that is common to children with Down syndrome.
These children also have differing degrees of mental deficiency, heart disease, and other problems. Down syndrome usually results from an extra copy of chromosome 21, although other chromosomal abnormalities are possible. It occurs in about 1 of every 600 to 800 liveborn babies. [7] Your child will have screening tests to look for medical problems associated with Down syndrome. Visits to some medical specialists may be recommended as well. We can help you access appropriate medical care for your child as well as support for your family, including early intervention and special education services.
In over 90% of children with Down syndrome, the disease results from the presence of an extra chromosome. Normally, people have 46 chromosomes 23 from each parent. Most children with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes, with an extra copy of chromosome 21; that’s why this condition is also called “trisomy 21.”

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