International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) | Volume VI, Issue VIII, August 2022 | ISSN 2454–6186
Mandela Oniemola, Professor Olalekan Asikhia
MPhil. Business Administration (Strategic Management), Babcock University, Nigeria
Abstract: – This article examines and evaluates major leadership theories, as well as summarizes findings from empirical leadership research. Major topics and controversies include leadership versus management, leader traits and skills, leader behaviour and activities, leader power and influence, situational determinants of leader behaviour, transformational leadership, the importance of leadership for organizational effectiveness, and leadership as an attributional process. This article attempts to provide some clarity on the major topics mentioned above. Over time there have been several writings about the importance of leadership in driving change, achieving organizational goals, and facilitating appropriate responses to many other life challenges however stakeholders have also argued that strong leadership is required, particularly during difficult times such as conflicts, economic meltdowns, or flu pandemics. What leadership means, what competencies are required to be a leader, and what role the application of leadership plays in successfully responding to challenges are all unclear in this dialogue. These questions are pertinent to the advancement of an institution, nation or a discipline and profession. The consensus among many academics and practitioners is that the growth of thinking over time has created a perception that leadership is a fluid developmental process, with each new piece of research building on and extending earlier studies rarely ignoring anything that came before it completely. Main conceptions that arose in the 20th century are the Great Man Theory, Trait Theory, Process Leadership Theory, Style and Behavioral Theory and Laissez Faire, transformational, and transactional leadership
theories.
I. INTRODUCTION
At the heart of leadership is the attribute of credibility, which is typically earned through demonstrated ethical and transparent approaches to practice. Leaders take calculated risks and speak up, when necessary, against the status quo and step forward to take responsibility and show initiative when needed. This type of in practice, behaviour necessitates strategic thinking interpersonal communication abilities and emotional intelligence, we all exhibit and require leadership abilities to be effective in our daily practice. Leadership can be defined in a variety of ways, but at its most basic, it is concerned with the ability to influence others to achieve goals. The process and characteristics needed to effectively influence others are central to understanding leadership. There is a well-established literature that describes the personal characteristics of leaders such as having a big picture vision that is effectively shared and making clear and decisive decisions based on an assessment of available information. Leaders are committed to building capacity and empowering others, are respectful and consultative, but are also willing to make difficult decisions when necessary. Leadership can also be described as the ability of an executive to direct, guide, and influence the behaviour and work of others to achieve specific goals in each situation.