Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Azima Tetracantha Leaves

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue XII, December 2018 | ISSN 2321–2705

Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Azima Tetracantha Leaves

Prof. Dhanapal Venkatachalam^1*, Samuel Thavamani B², Hyfa³, Sampath Kumar⁴, Muddukrishniah⁵

¹Professor & H.O.D, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sanjo College of Pharmaceutical Studies, Velappara, Palakkad, Kerala, India
²Department of Pharmacognosy, Sanjo College of Pharmaceutical Studies, Velappara, Palakkad, Kerala, India
³Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Calicut Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
⁴Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Coimbatore Medical College, Tamilnadu, India
⁵Department of Biotechnology, Anna University Campus, Trichy, India
*Corresponding author

Abstract:

Objective:

To study  of detailed pharmacognostic profile and preliminary phytochemical investigation and  antifungal evaluation  of leaves of  Azima tetracanthalam belonging to the Family, Salvadoraceae commonly known as needle bush  which is often used traditionally in Ayurveda for  cough, phthisis and asthma,rheumatism,.dropsy, dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, tooth ache and jaundice.

Methods:

Leaf sample of  Azima tetracanthalam was studied  by its  Macroscopical, Microscopical, Physicochemical, Phytochemical analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO and also antifungal evaluation.

Results:

Macroscopically, the leaves are simple, opposite, elliptical orbicular, mucronate apex, pinnate, decussately arranged,  pale green in colour, characteristic odour,  and  no taste. Microscopically, the leaf   was showed  the presence  of  dorsiventral shape, Anisocytic stomata, Polygonal epidermis, abaxial phloem, palisade parenchyma, radial xylem elements, vertical mass of hyaline, compact parenchyma cells, prominent cuticle, crystal sheath, absence of trichomes and sclerenchyma. These were the diagnostic features noted from anatomical study. Powder microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells, xylem fibres and epidermis with anisocytic stomata and crystal sheath. The investigations also included leaf surface data; quantitative leaf microscopy. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying, extractive values and ash values were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavanoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and glycosides.

Conclusions:

 The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.

Keywords:  Azima tetracanthalam, Microscopy, Macroscopy, Phytochemical evaluation

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