Troubled Spaces: A Sociological Analysis About the City

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) | Volume V, Issue VIII, August 2021 | ISSN 2454–6186

Troubled Spaces: A Sociological Analysis About the City

Surani Fernando B.A, M SOC
(Sociology) University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Abstract: Cities are linked with civilizations and have many activities with regard to functioning of the main institutions such as government, education, law enforcement, and other economic activities. Globalization, increased complexity of social organization, environmental adaption, technology, help the new cities to emerge. The design of this essay is to analyze theories of a city connected with Urban Sociology. The essay is a descriptive qualitative analysis. The methodology is dependent on the theories of the urban sociologists. The main objective of the essay is to critically review and explain the sociological theories contributed by urban sociologists explaining the nature of a city from a sociological perspective. This paper contributes existing literature on bringing grounded ideologies with ecological, cultural, and radical theories.

Key Words: Urban Sociology, Global city

1 Back Ground

The convergence of cities to market cities, smart cities, megacities and global cities is a new trend. According to Harvey. D (1973), in Social Justice and the City, a city means a global network where capitalist enterprises are generated, and government can make a decisive influence. According to Logan. J and Harvey. M, (2007) in Urban Fortunes, the conception of a city begins and ends with economy and is focused on how elites and other powerful sources carry out their tasks and goals. Many of the developed countries are equipped with smart cities and global cities. According to Castells. M (1977), in the Urban Question: Marxist Approach states that in neo- Marxist urban theory, urban processors themselves are the products of the flow of capital and the commodification of labor. Smart cities use different types of electronic methods and sensors to gather data and the insights of the gathered data are utilized in making smart economy, smart environments, smart living, smart governance and smart mobility into various practices in the making of a smart city by the developed countries. According to Sassen. S, (1991), The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, the concept of the global city is an emphasis on the flow of information technology and capital and that the global cities are no longer bound to national systems and she illustrates seven hypotheses about the modern global city. However, whichever concept is used in cities, be it a smart city, global city or, megacity, often these cities have faced high levels of inequality.
Statement Of The Research Question
There are many challenges in cities. To find solutions to these challenges and objectives the planners of the developing or poor countries have to address major challenges such as

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