Impact of Population Growth on the Spatial Distribution of Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) in the Niger Delta

This study examines the impact of population growth on the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in the Niger Delta, integrating satellite and ground-based data to assess pollution trends. Findings reveal a steady increase in PM2.5 concentrations from 308 PPM (1990–2004) to 532.5 PPM (2015–2024), with urban centres like Imo, Abia, and Rivers experiencing the highest pollution levels due to rapid urbanization and industrial activities. A moderate association (R = 0.570) between PM2.5 concentrations and population increase are confirmed by regression analysis. Significant differences in PM2.5 pollution levels between states are highlighted by the study, with more industrialised areas showing higher PM2.5 levels than locations with less urbanisation and more vegetation cover. The ANOVA results (F = 284.473, p < 0.000) indicate statistically significant differences in pollution levels, necessitating targeted interventions. Stricter emissions controls, better industrial waste management, and improved air quality monitoring systems are advised in order to reduce air pollution. Strengthening urban planning policies to balance development with environmental sustainability is also crucial. These measures are essential for safeguarding public health, as prolonged exposure to high PM2.5 levels increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The study highlights the need for proactive environmental policies and sustainable urban growth strategies to improve air quality and overall well-being in the Niger Delta.

Urbanization, PM2.5, Population Growth, Air Pollution

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