Lineaments Characterization of Shira Complex, Bauchi State Nigeria

In this study, a process of identifying and analyzing linear features on satellite imagery is used to understand the underlying geological structures like faults, joints, and fractures. This analysis involves extraction of the linear features, classifying them by orientation and density, to determine their tectonic significance. The case study area is Shira complex in Bauchi state Nigeria, the area is characterized by rough topography with outcrops of a volcanic rocks, granitic and migmatite-gneiss. Lineaments are widespread and dense around the complex, occurring in areas of high elevation, and slope gradient. Terrain roughness indices are high at the outcrops and lineament sites. Streams in the area exhibit variable flow and partly align with the lineaments. The high profile index observed have tectonic essence and are related to the occurrence of lineaments, strain domains, and high degree of rock weathering, erosion and human activities.

Geology, Structures and lineaments

1. Akanbi, E. S., Ugodulunwa, F.X.O. and Gyang, B.N., (2012). Mapping Potential Cassiterite Deposits of Naraguta Area, North Central, Nigeria using Geophysics and Geographic Information System (GIS). Journal of Natural Sciences Research. Vol.2, (8). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Ananaba, S. E. and Ajakaiye, D.E., (1987). Evidence of tectonic control of mineralization of Nigeria from lineament density analysis: A Landsat study; Int. Jour. Rem. Sensing; vol.1, (10), pp. 1445-1453. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Bala, A. E., Batelaan, O., and De Smedt, F., (2000). Using LANDSAT 5 Imagery In the Assessment of Groundwater Resources in the Crystalline rocks Around Dutsin-Ma, Northwestern Nigeria. Journal of Mining & Geology Vol.36 (1), pp.85-92. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Chukwu-Ike, I.M., and Norman, J.W. (1997). Mineralized crustal fractures shown on satellite imagery of Nigeria; Inst. of Min. and meta-transactions; vol.86; pp. 55-67. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. [13] Falconer, J.D., 1921. The Geology and Geography of Northern Nigeria, Mac Millan Press, London; pp. 135-136. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Nelson, A.E. Major tectonic features and structural elements in the northwest part of the Greenville Quadrangle, Georgia (USA). US Geol. Surv. Bull.1643, (1985). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Opara, A.I., Onyewuchi, R.A., Selemo, A.O.I., Onyekuru, S.O., Ubechu, B.O., Emberga, T.T., Ibim, D.F., and Nosiri, O.P., 2014b. Structural and tectonic features of Ugep and Environs, Calabar Flank, Southeastern Nigeria: Evidences from aeromagnetic and Landsat-ETM data; Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg; vol.64, no.7; pp.33-54. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Oyedele, A. A. Use of remote sensing and GIS techniques for groundwater exploration in the basement complex terrain of Ado-Ekiti, SW Nigeria. Appl. Water Sci.9, (2019). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Palamakumbura R, Krabbendam M, Whitbread K, Arnhardt C. Data acquisition by digitizing 2-D fracture networks and topographic lineaments in geographic information systems: further development and applications. Solid Earth. 2020; 11:1731–1746. doi: 10.5194/se-11-1731-2020. [DOI] [Google Scholar] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Ramasamy, S.M. (2010). Significance of surface lineaments for gas and oil exploration in parts of Sabatayan Basin, Yemen. Journal of Geography and Geology,2(1), 119-128. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Rocci, G., Bronner, G., and Deschamps, M. (1991). Crystalline basement of the West African craton. In: DALLMEYER, R.D. & LECORCHE, J.P. (eds) The West African orogens and circum-Atlantic correlatives. Springer. Berlin, 31-61. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Samaila, C. A and Solomon, N. Y., 2011. Groundwater Potential on the Jos-Bukuru Plateau, North Central Nigeria, using lineaments from gravity measurements; Journal of Water Resource and Protection, vol. 3; pp.628-633. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Udoh, A.N., 1988. Remote sensing imageries of Nigeria, north of 70401: In: Oluyide, P.O.et. al., (eds). Precambrian Geology. Geological Survey of Nigeria, Publ., pp.99- 102. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Watkins H, Butler RWH, Bond CE, Healy D. Influence of structural position on fracture networks in the Torridon Group, Achnashellach fold and thrust belt, NW Scotland. J. Struct. Geol. 2015; 74:64–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.001. [DOI] [Google Scholar] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the World: Africa, London, The Geological Society, 372 p. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Site Selection to Community Handover: Effective Recharge Shaft Development for Rural Water Security in Shetphal, Maharashtra
• Flood Hazard and Prevention Strategies Towards Sustainable Economic Development and Proper Community Planning in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria