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Determinants of Solar Photovoltaic Adoption in North-Central Nigeria: A Systematic Literature Review.

Authors

Daniel Tersoo Aule

Research Officer at Genius Global Consulting Services, Kano-Nigeria (Nigeria)

Article Information

DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.11080126

Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL

Volume/Issue: 11/8 | Page No: 1668-1687

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-08-29

Accepted: 2026-09-03

Published: 2026-09-17

Abstract

The North-Central region of Nigeria has witnessed low adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) despite the abundant resources and demand for decentralised electricity. This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the factors constraining the expansion of solar PV adoption, which has long been limited to basic lighting and phone-charging applications. This study adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 protocol to select studies published between 2015 and 2026 from four suitable databases: ScienceDirect, Web of Science, MDPI, and Google Scholar. The initial search identified 1190 records; after thorough screening using inclusion and exclusion procedures, we selected 12 studies for synthesis. We anchored the study in two theories: The Technology Adoption Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), which are relevant to the research problem. The combination of these theories is to ensure that while TAM explains perceived usefulness and ease of use of solar PV in the region, the TPB provides insights into perceived behaviour, subjective norms, and attitudes that TAM overlooks. The results show that affordability is the most influential barrier, while income affects both the scale of acquired systems and the likelihood of adoption. It also indicates that the PAYGo financing model reduces the upfront payment burden and improves access. However, its capacity to support higher tiers is constrained by repayment ability, dispersed rural settlements, and high last-mile distribution costs. It further reveals that awareness and availability are essential determinants of adoption, while consumer trust depends on product quality, durability, and after-sales service. The study concludes that inconsistent energy policy, weak coordination among agencies, lack of access to finance, and delayed disbursement affect solar energy development. It recommends coordinated interventions that provide sustained affordable financing for higher tiers that support productive use.

Keywords

North-Central Nigeria; solar photovoltaic adoption; systematic literature review, solar irradiance; energy poverty; renewable energy financing

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