Evaluation of Anti Urolithic and Antioxidant Activities of Glochidion Velutinum Leaves

Urolithiasis is a common urinary disorder characterized by the formation of renal calculi, predominantly calcium oxalate crystals. Hyperoxaluria, altered urinary mineral composition and oxidative stress play important roles in the development and progression of kidney stones. Glochidion velutinum is a medicinal plant reported to possess antioxidant and other pharmacological activities.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiurolithiatic and antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Glochidion velutinum.
The leaves of Glochidion velutinum were collected, shade-dried, powdered and extracted separately using water and ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and proteins/free amino acids. Antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated using an ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model in male Wistar rats. The extracts were administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg, while Cystone was used as the standard drug. Urinary and serum biochemical parameters, renal histopathology and renal antioxidant parameters including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. In-vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, reducing power and anti-haemolytic methods.

Glochidion velutinum, Urolithiasis, Antiurolithiatic activity, Calcium oxalate, Hyperoxaluria, Antioxidant activity, DPPH, Ethylene glycol, Renal protection.

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