Mushroom Based Sustainable Biopolymer Composites
Authors
Administrative Management College,18th KM Bannerghatta road, Bangalore 560083, Karnataka (India)
Administrative Management College,18th KM Bannerghatta road, Bangalore 560083, Karnataka (India)
Administrative Management College,18th KM Bannerghatta road, Bangalore 560083, Karnataka (India)
Administrative Management College,18th KM Bannerghatta road, Bangalore 560083, Karnataka (India)
Administrative Management College,18th KM Bannerghatta road, Bangalore 560083, Karnataka (India)
Article Information
DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.110200098
Subject Category: Environmental Biotechnology
Volume/Issue: 11/2 | Page No: 1112-1121
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2026-02-22
Accepted: 2026-02-28
Published: 2026-03-16
Abstract
Synthetic polymers remain intact in nature for many years after the expire and cannot be included in the natural recycling material in anywhere. Fossil resource-based polymer manufacture is endangering current supplies and has a daily detrimental impact on the circular economy. The harmful consequences of polymers on the environment, biopolymers a class of polymers created by living organisms like plants, animals, and microalgae might be a great substitute. Because of biopolymers that are recyclable, low-emission, or environmentally friendly, a wide range of new subjects are emerging in this field. There are several industries where composite materials based on these biopolymers which function as natural adhesives find use, including the packaging, textile, furniture, and industrial design sectors, as well as architectural and structural insulation design. This composite can replace traditional building materials, which are expensive, nonbiodegradable, and have significant emissions. It also exhibits exceptional mechanical strength, hydrophobic qualities, and thermal stability. The kind of substrate and strain, the length of incubation, and the method of manufacturing are some of the variables influencing the composite's physicochemical properties.
Keywords
Biopolymers, Sustainable composite materials, Circular economy, Natural adhesives, Eco-friendly building materials.
Downloads
References
1. Adamatzky, A., Gandia, A., Chiolerio, A., & Dudley, R. (2023). Fungal electronics: Sensing and computing with mycelium. Biosystems, 226, 104880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104880 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Ahmed, T., Singh, R., & Lee, J. (2024). Thermal performance and mechanical behavior of mycelium-based composites with hybrid bio-additives. Construction and Building Materials, 426, 131009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.131009 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Appels, F. V. W., Camere, S., Montalti, M., Karana, E., Jansen, K. M. B., Dijksterhuis, J., & Krijgsheld, P. (2019). Fabrication factors influencing mechanical, moisture- and water-related properties of mycelium-based composites. Materials & Design, 161, 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.027 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Appels, F. V. W., Dijksterhuis, J., Lukasiewicz, C. E., Jansen, K. M. B., Wösten, H. A. B., & Krijgsheld, P. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. (2023). Design and fabrication of pure mycelium materials for sustainable product applications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 382, 135288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135288 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Attias, N., Danai, O., Abitbol, T., Tarazi, E., & Pereman, I. (2020). Mycelium bio-composites in industrial design and architecture: Comparative review and experimental analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, 119037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119037 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Elsacker, E., Vandelook, S., Van Wylick, A., Ruytinx, J., De Laet, L., & Peeters, E. (2020). A comprehensive framework for the production and characterization of mycelium-based materials. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123889 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Ghazvinian, A., Rahman, M. M., & Saghafi, H. (2021). Mechanical performance and structural characteristics of mycelium-based bio-composites. Construction and Building Materials, 278, 122254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122254 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Haneef, M., Ceseracciu, L., Canale, C., Bayer, I. S., Heredia-Guerrero, J. A., & Athanassiou, A. (2017). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Advanced materials from fungal mycelium: Fabrication and tuning of physical properties. Scientific Reports, 7, 41292. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41292 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Islam, M. R., Tudryn, G., Bucinell, R., Schadler, L., & Picu, R. C. (2022). Morphology and mechanics of fungal mycelium-based bio-composites. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 10(6), 1923–1932. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06471 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Jiang, L., Walczyk, D., McIntyre, G., & Bucinell, R. (2022). Mechanical and thermal properties of mycelium-based insulation materials. Construction and Building Materials, 301, 124081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124081 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Jones, M., Bhat, T., Kandare, E., Thomas, A., Joseph, P., Dekiwadia, C., Yuen, R., Wang, C., John, S., & Ma, J. (2020). Thermal degradation and fire properties of fungal mycelium and mycelium–biomass composite materials. Scientific Reports, 10, 10459. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67392-0 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Khan, M., Shah, S., & Kim, B. S. (2023). Structural optimization and sustainability assessment of myceliumbased composites for architectural applications. Journal of Building Engineering, 63, 105483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105483 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Li, X., Zhao, Y., & Wang, L. (2023). Effects of substrate composition and densification on physical and mechanical properties of mycelium composites. Materials Today Communications, 35, 105705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105705 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Manan, S., Ullah, M. W., Ul-Islam, M., Atta, O. M., & Yang, G. (2022). Synthesis and applications of fungal mycelium-based advanced functional materials. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2021.10.001 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Park, J., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2024). Surface engineering and industrial scalability of mycelium-based biocomposites. Materials & Design, 240, 112345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112345 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Singh, R., Patel, D., & Kumar, A. (2024). Advances in fungal bio-composites for sustainable construction and textile applications. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 189, 114023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.114023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Yang, Z., Zhang, F., Still, B., White, M., & Amstislavski, P. (2021). Physical and mechanical properties of mycelium-based biofoam composites. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 33(3), 04020454. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003575 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Zhao, H., Chen, Y., & Liu, Q. (2025). Bio-coated mycelium materials with enhanced durability and moisture resistance for sustainable textiles. Advanced Sustainable Systems, 9(2), 2400123. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202400123 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]