More Than a Decade after Sendong: Examining the Condition of the Resettled Survivors in Iligan City and Cagayan De Oro City, Philippines

Authors

Sulpecia L. Ponce

MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (Philippines)

Irene A. Estrada

MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (Philippines)

Marilou S.Nanaman

MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.10120056

Subject Category: Sociology

Volume/Issue: 10/12 | Page No: 703-717

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2025-12-26

Accepted: 2025-12-31

Published: 2026-01-15

Abstract

It has been more than a decade already since Tropical Storm Sendong (International name Washi) devastated most of the areas in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Among the cities most affected were Iligan City and Cagayan de Oro City, which registered thousands of lives lost, injured, and displaced as a result of the tragedy. This study assessed the impact of resettlement on the economic, social, and environmental conditions of the Sendong survivors in these cities, employing 590 research participants. The findings indicate that the current situation of the resettled families is not generally in good economic shape, given job unavailability and income falling below the minimum poverty threshold. They have been able to socially adapt to the new environment despite the breakup of their social ties before Sendong. However, some relocation sites did not protect the resettled families against environmental risks like flooding or possible landslides. Inquiry into whether they have obtained full recovery after the disaster remains a challenge when compared to their pre-disaster conditions.

Keywords

build back better; post-disaster reconstruction; resettlement; recovery; Sendong/ Washi

Downloads

References

1. Carrasco, S., Ochiai, C., & Okazaki, K. (2016). Impacts of resident-initiated housing modifications. Elsevier. Volume 17, August 2016, Pages 100-113 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Carrasco, Dangol & Recio, (2020). Rebuilding from disaster: it doesn’t end when housing aid projects/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Fan, L., 2013. Disaster as opportunity? Building back better in Aceh, Myanmar and Haiti. Available at: https://www.odi.org/publications/8007-disaster-opportunity-building- User involvement in housing recovery. Retrieved on April 27, 2022. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Gilles, S.N. (2012)- Humanizing Socialized Resettlement Housing Programs: A Challenge Towards Sustainability Practices in Urban and Rural Communities [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Jordan, E., Javernick-Will, A., & Tierney, K. (2016). Post-tsunami recovery in Tamil Nadu, India: combined social and infrastructural outcomes. Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2016, vol. 84, issue 2, No 30, 1327-1347 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Lewis-Beck, M., Bryman, A., & Liao, T. (2003) The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Maly, E. (2018). Building back better with people centered housing recovery. international Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. Volume 29, August 2018, Pages 84-93. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.005 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM, 2006). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. https://www.thenbs.com/PublicationIndex/documents/details?Pub=DOE&DocID=277589 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Patton, M. (1999.Enhancing the Quality and Credibility of Qualitative Analysis. Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021). https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases/nid/165535 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Rahmayati, Y. (2016). Reframing “building back better” for post-disaster housing design: a community perspective. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment. Volume 7 Issue 4, 2016 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of. 2010 (DRRM Act) https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/pdf/ra_10121_2010.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Schilderman, T. & Lyons, M., (2011). Resilient Dwellings or Resilient People? Towards People- Centered Reconstruction. Environmental Hazards, 10(3-4), pp. 218-231. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015-last update, Sendai Framework for Disaster risk Reduction 2015-2030 [Homepage of United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction], [Online]. Available at: https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/43291 [21 January, 2019]. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. 2012 Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA)- Source: [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/tropical-storm-sendong-post-disaster-needs-assessment). Retrieved on May 13, 2020. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. United Nations Housing and Settlement Programme (UNHSP). 2014. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. World Development Report 2015: Mind, Society, and Behavior. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles