Rebirth of Hope, Resilience and Optimism: Insights of Lakan Members in Their New Career Paths

Authors

Guilbert B. Mansueto

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Cebu Main Campus, Cebu City. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with specialization in Criminology (Philippines)

Dr Paulino V. Pioquinto

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Cebu Main Campus, Cebu City. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with specialization in Criminology (Philippines)

Dr. Yolanda C. Sayson

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Cebu Main Campus, Cebu City. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with specialization in Criminology (Philippines)

Atty. Dodelon F. Sabijon, Ph. D

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Cebu Main Campus, Cebu City. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with specialization in Criminology (Philippines)

Dr. Esmeraldo Damuag

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Cebu Main Campus, Cebu City. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with specialization in Criminology (Philippines)

Dr. Renato C. Sagayno

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Cebu Main Campus, Cebu City. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with specialization in Criminology (Philippines)

Article Information

DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.11050078

Subject Category: Social Sciences

Volume/Issue: 11/5 | Page No: 894-906

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-05-01

Accepted: 2026-05-06

Published: 2026-05-30

Abstract

This study explored the lived experiences of Lakan members of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) who were administratively separated from the Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and subsequently pursued new career paths within the field of criminal justice and public safety. Specifically, the study examined the experiences encountered by the informants after separation, the strategies they employed in rebuilding their lives and their present outlook toward their new career trajectories.
A qualitative transcendental phenomenological approach was used to explore the lived experiences of ten purposively selected Lakan members following their separation from uniformed service. Data were gathered through a Focus Group Discussion with six informants and Individual In-Depth Interviews with four informants in the Visayas region. Using validated semi-structured interview guides, the data were analyzed through horizontalization, thematic clustering and the synthesis of textural and structural descriptions.
The analysis generated fifteen emergent themes grouped into three major domains: experiences after administrative separation, strategies for rebuilding new careers and present life outlook. The findings revealed that separation initially resulted in identity disruption, stigma, financial instability and loss of institutional trust. However, through acceptance, discipline, faith, family support, professional networks and the rediscovery of transferable competencies, the informants were able to reconstruct meaningful careers and reaffirm their commitment to public service beyond the uniform.
The study concludes that administrative separation, while profoundly disruptive, can become a catalyst for personal growth, resilience and renewed purpose. It recommends the development of reintegration programs, counseling support and alum-based networks within the PNPA and its tri-bureau services to support separated officers in rebuilding productive and dignified lives.

Keywords

Lakan Members, Administrative Separation, Career Transition, Transcendental Phenomenology, Resilience.

Downloads

References

1. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Bridges, W. (2004). Transitions: Making sense of life’s changes (2nd ed.). Da Capo Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. S. Valle & M. King (Eds.), Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology (pp. 48–71). Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Enriquez, V. G. (1992). From colonial to liberation psychology: The Philippine experience. University of the Philippines Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Husserl, E. (1931). Ideas: General introduction to pure phenomenology. George Allen & Unwin. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Jocano, F. L. (1999). Working with Filipinos: A cross-cultural experience. Punlad Research House. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Medina, B. T. G. (2001). The Filipino family (2nd ed.). University of the Philippines Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Post traumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Schlossberg, N. K. (1981). A model for analyzing human adaptation to transition. The Counseling Psychologist, 9(2), 2–18. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles