The Proposed Integrated School Safety Framework: An Integrated Conceptual Framework Model of Safety, Surveillance, and Institutional Engagement in Philippine Public Schools

This paper presents a conceptual and theoretical framework for an integrated school safety system designed to address persistent safety and accountability challenges in Philippine public schools. The situation regarding students' safety in Philippine public schools has raised issues that are difficult to overlook, as they persist and remain unaddressed. Among other incidents, there have been problems with students getting in and out of the school without proper authorization, violent actions being taken, and even the attendance of students being managed inefficaciously by the administration because of poor monitoring. The manual systems currently in place struggle with errors; they're mainly reactive and mostly isolated from a wider accountability of the institutions. The present paper proposes a theoretical framework for an integrated campus access and attendance management system. The framework is based on the Sociotechnical Systems Theory, Ecological Systems Theory, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Agile-SCRUM implementation principles. Combining these perspectives results in a multidimensional model that considers school safety not merely as a tech add-on but as a co-produced sociotechnical process that is at the heart of the educational ecosystem, not outside it. The paper presents an argument for transforming school safety and accountability into a holistic approach, where inclusivity, transparency, gender responsiveness, and ethical data governance serve as guiding principles. The framework is in sync with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 4, 9, and 16) and national digital transformation policies. The theoretical design proposed here is a replicable and scalable model for resource-poor educational contexts, thus contributing to the discourse on technology in education, governance, and human security.

school safety, conceptual framework, sociotechnical systems

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