The Ethics of Dialogue in a Fragmented World: A Comparative Study of Civilizational Engagement and Conflict in Contemporary Global Affairs

The contemporary world, despite its interconnectedness, remains deeply fragmented between narratives of civilizational clash and often superficial dialogical efforts. This paper examines this paradox by proposing the ethical framework of “constructive discussion” (hiwar muqni’) by Badi‘ al-Zaman Sa‘id al-Nursi as a normative alternative to the “clash of civilizations” thesis. Through conceptual analysis and in-depth documentary review including observations of international diplomatic initiatives and post-conflict peace processes, this study demonstrates that Al-Nursi’s principles of “universal brotherhood,” “forgiveness,” and “principled openness” (wasatiyyah) provide a practical foundation for authentic dialogue. However, their application is not without challenges, particularly in contexts of power asymmetry, structural injustice, and actors operating in bad faith. By integrating considerations of these limitations alongside concrete examples from international relations, this study argues that neglecting a holistic ethical approach will perpetuate global cycles of antagonism, a condition that can indeed be avoided through a commitment to dialogue grounded in empathy, justice, and mutual respect.

Civilizational dialogue, Intercultural conflict

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