Financial Stability and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Tiered Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Kenya.
Authors
Caroline Kimutai and Ambrose Jagongo, Kenyatta University (Kenya)
Article Information
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000353
Subject Category: FINANCE
Volume/Issue: 9/10 | Page No: 4293-4301
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2025-10-13
Accepted: 2025-10-21
Published: 2025-11-12
Abstract
The study sought to analyze the impact of financial stability on the financial performance of small and medium deposit taking savings and credit cooperatives in Kenya. Financial stability was measured by capital adequacy and earnings ability while financial performance was measured by the return on assets. The study purposively sampled one hundred and thirty deposits taking savings and credit cooperatives using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Secondary data was collected from the published financial statements of the cooperatives and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics analysis found that the average capital adequacy is higher than the minimum recommended by the regulator. On average the earnings ability ratio indicated that the cooperatives spend seventy percent of income to cover operational expenses. The study found that capital adequacy and earnings ability have a statistically significant negative impact on financial performance. The study recommends that the cooperatives should consider investing the extra capital in income generating investment opportunities to maximize and to improve cost management by avoiding inefficient operations that cost more but in the long run yield less profits.
Keywords
Financial stability, Capital adequacy
Downloads
References
1. Barus, J., J., Muturi, W., Kibati, P., & Koima, P., (2017) Effect of Internal factors on the financial performance of Savings and credit societies in Kenya. American International journal of finance. Vol 1. Issue 4 No.2 pp.13-25, 2017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Brealey., A., R., Myers, C., S., & Allen, M., J., (2013) Principles of Corporate finance. Boston, MC GrawHill Companies [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Brigham, E., & Ehrhard, M. (2005) Financial Management: Theory and Practice. New Delhi, Saurabh Printers Ltd. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Cheruiyot R., K (2016) The Effect of Asset Quality on Profitability of Commercial Banks in Kenya. Unpublished MBA Thesis, School of Business University of Nairobi [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Cooper, D.R & Schindler, P.S (2006) Business Research Method, 9th Edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Fredrick S. M., & Stanley G. E (2012), Financial Markets and Institutions, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Financial access Household Survey (2021) Accessed from http: finaccess.knbs.or.ke [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Ifdah, F., & Burhany, D., I (2019) Asset quality and capital as risk and profitability determinants in Banking industry in Indonesia. Creative and innovation development for global competitiveness and sustainability journal. Pp 198-204, 2019. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Kamau, J., K., & Guyo, W., (2017) The effects of SACCOs’ regulations on the performance of savings and credit societies (SACCOs) in Kenya: A case of SACCOs in Nairobi. International journal of business management & finance 1(8):121-11 April 2017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Karagu, J., M., & Okibo, B., (2014) Financial factors influencing performance of Savings credit and cooperative organizations in Kenya. International journal of academic research in Accounting, finance and management science Vol.4 issue no.2, pp 291-302 April 2014, https://doi.org/10.607/ijapafms/v4-i2/892 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Kariuki P., M., (2016) The Effect of Asset Quality on the Financial Performance of savings credit and cooperatives in Nairobi. Unpublished MBA project University of Nairobi. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Kenya Financial Sector Stability Report (2020) Published by the financial sector regulators, September 2021 Issue no.12 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Kimutai,J.,C., Jagongo, A., & Omagwa, J., ( 2019) Asset quality and efficiency of deposit taking savings and credit societies in Kenya. International journal of humanities and social science. Vol 9. No.11 pp.10, 2019 doi:10.30845/ijhss. Vol.11p10 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Kimutai,J.,C., Jagongo, A., & Omagwa, J., ( 2019) Financial soundness and efficiency of deposit taking savings and credit societies in Kenya. Phd thesis. Accessed from https: www.ku.ac.ke [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Mark, S., Philips, L., & Adrian, T. (2007) Research Methods for Business Students, 4th Edition. London, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Megginson L. W., Smart B., S., & Gitman J., L, (2008), Principles of Corporate Finance. 5th Edition, New Delhi, South Western. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Mirieri, C., K., (2020) Effect of selected macroeconomic variables on the financial performance of the deposit taking SACCO sector in Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Mmari, G., A. & Thinyane, L., C. (2019) Analysis of factors influencing financial performance of savings and credit cooperatives societies in Lesotho: Evidence from Maseru District. International journal of financial research. Vol.10. No. 2.2019 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Monetary Policy Committee Report (2023), Thirtieth Bi-annual report of Monetary Policy Committee. Published by Central bank of Kenya, April 2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Mugenda, O., M., & Mugenda, A., G. (2003), Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi, Acts Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Muithya, V., K., (2019) Internal Factors affecting growth of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Machakos County, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management. Vol.4, Issue 5 pp 1-15, 2019.www.iprjb.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Murage, J., Muya., J., & Mogwambo, V. (2018) Effect of interest rates on financial performance of Deposit taking Savings and credit societies in Kisii County, Kenya. International journal of social sciences and information technology. Vol IV, Issue X (2018) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Mutinda, C., M., (2018) Impact of Prudential regulatory framework on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. MBA thesis [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Mwangudza C., K., Jagongo A., & Ndede F., W., S., (2020) Liquidity management and financial performance of Teachers Deposit taking savings and credit societies in Kenya. International journal of finance and accounting. Vol.5.Issue 2. pp.1-26 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Mwaniki., S., (2018) Effect of Macroeconomic variables on average financial performance of Deposit taking SACCOs in Nairobi Kenya. KCA website http://41.89.49.13:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1393 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Nanzala, L., I., (2021) The effect of capital adequacy regulation on performance of Savings and credit societies in Kakamega County. International research journal of business and strategic management. Vol.2, issue 2, pp.208-213(2021) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Ngeno, J., C., (2019) Capital adequacy framework funds allocation strategy and financial performance of deposit taking Savings and credit societies in Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Ngui,A.,M.,& Jagongo.,A ( 2017) Capital adequacy and financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. International journal of social science and humanities resource, Vol 5, issue 4, PP. 596-604 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Njenga, R., & Jagongo, A. (2019). Effect of financial management decisions on financial performance of selected non-deposit taking SACCOs in Kiambu County, Kenya: Theoretical review. International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance, 3 (3), 204-217 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Njeru D., M (2017) Effect of Liquidity Management on Financial Performance of Deposit taking savings and credit societies in Kenya. Unpublished MBA thesis University of Nairobi. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Nyanyuki., M., N., Nyangau, A., & Onwonga, M., (2022) Evaluation of the effect of capital adequacy on financial performance of Commercial banks in Kenya. International journal of economics and finance. Vol.3, issue 8, pp.113-126 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Nzuve, R., M., (2016) Impact of macroeconomic factors on financial performance of deposit taking MFIs in Kenya. http://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1911 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Nzuve., R., M., (2016) Impact of Macroeconomic factors on Financial performance of deposit taking microfinance institutions in Kenya, http://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1911 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Obaleye O., J., (2019) Relationship between Liquidity Asset quality and Profitability of mortgage banks in Nigeria. Doctoral Dissertin Walden University [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Ochieng I., A., (2017) The influence of liquidity of a portfolio on the financial performance of Savings and credit societies in Kenya. International journal of commerce and management research Vol.3.Issue 9 pp 52-57 sept 2017 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. Ogum, E., & Jagongo, A., (2022) Investment Decisions and Financial performance of Deposit Taking Savings and credit societies in Nairobi City County. International Journal of current aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 4(1), 72-90. https://doi/org/10.35942/ijfca.Vdi1.233 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. Okumu J., O., & Oyugi, L., (2016) Factors influencing financial performance of Savings and credit societies in Kisumu County, Kenya. International journal of current research. Vol.8, Issue 05, pp.31293-31310, May 2016 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. Otwoko, B., E., Maina, K., E., & Kwasira, J. (2021). Analysis of the Moderating Effect of DT SACCO Size on the Relationship between Interest Rate Drivers and the Financial Performance of Deposit Taking SACCOs in Kenya Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(1), 16-27 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Pandey I.M (2010). Financial Management, 10th Edition, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Pike, R. & Neale, B. (2006). Corporate Finance and Investments: Decisions and Strategies 5th Edition. New York, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. SASRA, (2012) Sacco Supervision Annual report: An Annual report on the operations and performance of Regulated SACCOs societies in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. SASRA, (2016) Sacco Supervision Annual report: An Annual report on the operations and performance of Regulated SACCOs societies in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. SASRA, (2017) Sacco Supervision Annual report: An Annual report on the operations and performance of Regulated SACCOs societies in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. SASRA, (2018) Sacco Supervision Annual report: An Annual report on the operations and performance of Regulated SACCOs societies in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. SASRA, (2019) Sacco Supervision Annual report: An Annual report on the operations and performance of Regulated SACCOs societies in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. SASRA, (2020) Sacco Supervision Annual report: An Annual report on the operations and performance of Regulated SACCOs societies in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
47. SASRA, (2021) Sacco Supervision Annual report: An Annual report on the operations and performance of Regulated SACCOs societies in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
48. SASRA, (2022) Revised Guidelines for governance of deposit taking SACCO Societies in Kenya, Accessed from www.sasra.go.ke [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
49. Saunders, M., Lewis, & P., Thornhill, A., (2016) Research methods for business students (7th Ed) Ediburgh Gate, England, pearson Education Ltd [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
50. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010) Research Methods for Business. A Skill Building Approach, 5th Edition. New Delhi, Hobuken, NJ. / Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Div. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
51. Shibutse, R., Kalunda, E., & Achoki G (2019) Effect of liquidity and dividend payout on financial performance of DTS in Kenya. International journal of business and economics [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
52. Singh, K., Madhevendra, M., Mohit, K., & Vineet, T., (2019) A study on the determinants of financial performance of US agriculture cooperatives. Intern [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
53. Sosion, C., C., & Makori, E., (2015) Influence of External environmental strategies adopted by Deposit Taking Savings and credit cooperatives in Kenya- A survey deposit taking savings and credit societies in Nairobi County. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
54. Tehrani, R., Mehragan, M., R. & Golkan, M., R. (2014) A model of evaluating financial performance of companies by data envelop analysis, A case of 6 corporations affiliated with a private organization. International business research journal 5(8), 8-16. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
55. Thumbi, G., & Ragui, M. (2019) Environmental factors and performance of Commercial banks In Kenya, Internal Journal for Current Aspects, 3(1),149-175, https://doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.V3iVj.83 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
56. Wangalwa, J., M., (2019) The effect of Macroeconomic variables on the level of Non-performing loans in SACCOs in Kenya [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- Financial Technology (Fintech): Current Research at The Cutting Edge
- Reforming Corporate Governance in Malaysia to Address Fraudulent Financial Reporting Cases
- Stock Market Efficiency and Economic Diversification in Nigeria and South Africa
- Regulator Sandboxes for DeFi: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Effectiveness in the EU, US, and Asia Pacific
- Determinants of Value Chain Accounting and Margin Ratios in listed Consumer Conglomerate Companies in Nigeria