Physical Fitness Among Firefighters through Innovative Human Resource Management Approaches: A Case Study in Zone 1, Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, Melaka State

Purpose – This study investigates how innovative human resource management (HRM) approaches can optimize physical fitness among firefighters in Zone 1, Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, Melaka State. Recognizing the physically and mentally demanding nature of firefighting, the study explores current fitness levels, existing HRM practices, and innovative strategies that can enhance firefighters’ resilience and performance.
Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative case study design was adopted, employing semi- structured interviews and focus group discussions with 15–20 firefighters of different roles, ages, and backgrounds. Participants were selected using purposive sampling to capture diverse perspectives. Data were analyzed thematically, supported by triangulation through document reviews and observational insights. The Social Ecological Framework guided the interpretation of findings by examining how individual, interpersonal, organizational, and policy factors interact to influence physical fitness.
Findings – Preliminary findings suggest that while firefighters demonstrate strong commitment to fitness, challenges such as irregular work schedules, limited organizational support, and inconsistent program evaluation hinder sustained outcomes. Existing HRM practices, including training modules and wellness programs, provide a foundation but lack innovation and adaptability to firefighters’ unique operational demands. Anticipated results highlight the need for more structured and personalized fitness initiatives, technology integration (e.g., wearable monitoring tools), motivational incentives, and a supportive organizational culture. These innovations are expected to strengthen not only physical capacity but also holistic well-being, including mental resilience.
Practical implications – The study is expected to contribute actionable recommendations for HRM innovation within Malaysian firefighting services. By emphasizing comprehensive fitness strategies, the research provides insights that may inform organizational policy, improve workforce readiness, and reduce occupational risks.
Originality/value – This study extends the application of the Social Ecological Framework to the firefighting profession in Malaysia, offering a contextualized understanding of how multilevel HRM strategies can enhance physical fitness. The findings aim to bridge gaps in current practices and propose a sustainable, innovative HRM model for firefighter well-being.

physical fitness, firefighters, innovative HRM

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