Play and Cognitive Development of Primary School Pupils in Uyo Local Government Area

Authors

Udo, Simeon Anike

Educational Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria)

Imaobong David Akpan

Educational Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria)

Ukpong, Jesse Cletus

Educational Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria)

Ekanem Samuel Michael

Educational Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria)

Article Information

DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2025.903SEDU0734

Subject Category: Education

Volume/Issue: 9/26 | Page No: 9663-9673

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2025-11-17

Accepted: 2025-11-28

Published: 2025-12-12

Abstract

The study examined the influence of play on cognitive development of primary school pupils in Uyo local government area. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. and the population of the study consisted of 10537 pupils in all the public primary schools in Uyo Local Government. A sample sign size of 150 was selected using a simple sampling technique. A structured questionnaire titled Play and Cognitive Development Questionnaire (FCDQ), developed on a four point likert scale was used as instrument of data collection. The instrument was validated by experts in test and measurement and a reliability coefficient index of 0.76 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha statistics. Statistical mean and standard deviation was used in answering research questions while dependent t-test analysis was used in testing the null hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The results indicated that social play, pretence play and associative play significantly influence cognitive development of primary school pupils in Uyo Local Government Area. it was recommended among others that play time should be adequately integrated in the teaching and learning process design for primary school pupils.

Keywords

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Downloads

References

1. Ahmad, S. Ch, A. Batool, A. Sittar, K and Malik, M. (2016). Play and cognitive development: Formal operational perspective of Piaget’s theory. Journal of Education and Practice. Vol.7 (28). Pp 72-79. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Bergen, D. (2001). Pretend play and young children's development. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from http://www.ericdigests.org/2002-2/play.htm [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Berk, L.E. (2005). Infants and Children: prenatal through middle childhood. Boston: Person, [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Bjorklund, D. F. and Douglas-Brown,D.(2008).Physical play and cognitive development: integrating activity, cognition and education. Child Development. 69, 604–606. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Bodrova, E., & Leong, D. J. (2015). Tools of the mind: A case study of implementing the Vygotskian Approach in American early childhood and primary classrooms. Retrieved from http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user upload/archive/publications/innodata/inn 07.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Bosah I. P, Obumneke-Okeke I. M, Anyachebelu F. E (2015) Utilization of dramatic play for quality holistic development of Nigerian child. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. Vol. 2, Issue: 10, 545-548. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Brown, S. (2007), What is Play? “National Institute for play. Retrieved from. http:/www.nifplay.ovy/from door.html. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Coplan, R. J. Rubin, K. H and Findlay, L. C. (2017). Social and Nonsocial Play In Fromberg, D. P and Bergen, D. (Eds.), Play from birth to twelve (2nd edition). New York: Garland [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Copple, C., & Bredekamp, S. (Eds.). (2009). Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs: Serving children from birth through age 8, (3 rd ed.). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Crain, W. (2010). Is children’s play innate? Encounter: Education for Meaning and Social Justice, 23(2), 1–3. Retrieved from http://www.fairplayforchildren.org/pdf/1290046915.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Eniko Ltd. (2004). What is play? Your child’s development. Available at [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. http://searchwarp.com/swa2067.htm [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004). National Policy on Education. Abuja. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Feldman, M.A., (2002). Factors influencing the selection of toys for handicapped and normally developing preschool children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 150(2), 125-134. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Goodson,W. (2005). Play in the Class Room: Oxford, UK: Black-Wed. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Gray, P. (2017). What Exactly Is Play, and Why Is It Such a Powerful Vehicle for Learning? Topics in Language Disorders, 37(3), 217-228. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Groos, K. (1896) Die Spiele der Tiere (translated by E. L. Baldwin as The Play of Animals) New York. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Jewit, L. (2003): Bringing Joy and Comfort to a Child in Crisis In Cosmas (ed.) Children First: A Journal on Issues Affecting Children and their Careers. 7,49. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Klein, T. P., Wirth, D Linas, k. (2003). Play: children’s context for development. Young children, 58(3), 38-45. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Lester E, Russel B. (2008). Play Development from birth to age four. In Fromberg D.P. and Bergen, D. (Eds). Play from birth to twelve: context, perspectives and meaning (2nd Ed.). New York: Routeldge. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Levine, S. C., Ratliff, K. R., Huttenlocher, J. and Cannon, J.(2012).Early puzzle play: a predictor of preschoolers’ spatial transformation skill. Developmental Psychology. 48, 530–542. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Nancy, D. (2010). Rethinking and Recreating Children’s world. New York: Basic Books. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. National Children’s Bureau (2004). What is play? Development for culture, media and support (DCMS). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. National Literary Trust (2005). Talk to your Baby. Retrieved from www.talktoyourbaby.org.uk [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Nwana, C.O. (2008). Introduction to Educational Research (revised edition). Ibadan: Human Nigeria Limited. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Oostermeijer, M. Anton J. H. Boonen, A. J and Jolles, J. (2014). The relation between children’s constructive play activities, spatialability and mathematical word problem-solving performance: a mediation analysis in sixth-grade students. Frontiers in Psychology [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Orji, C. C.(2013). Influence of toys on the cognitive development Of preschool children In Anambra State. Thesis. University of NsuKka. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Piaget, J. (1962). Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood. New York: W.W. Norton [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Santrock, J.W. (2003). Child Development: New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles