Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and Opportunistic Infections Among Adult Patients in Imo State, Nigeria

This work is designed to determine the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and opportunistic infections among adult patients in Imo State. The study was with analytical cross sectional survey design with five research questions and three hypotheses. The population of this study comprised of 67,527 adults on ART treatment facilities in Imo State. The sample size for the study was determined using sample size formula by Taro Yamane based on finite population proportion, and 95%confidence level. Questionnaire was used for data collection and the instrument was validated by the supervisors for face validity and was also submitted to experts in the field of HIV/AIDS epidemiology, opportunistic and co-opportunistic infections in the hospital and community settings for consensus validity. Data was analysed using statistical analysis to answer research questions and Chi-Square (x2) inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance was used to test the study hypotheses. Findings showed that among the 2,470 HIV/AIDS patients, 13.4% had pulmonary tuberculosis, 7.2% had salmonellosis, 4.1% had herpes simplex 2,7.9% had pneumococcal pneumonia, 4.6% had herpes zoster, 9.0%had herpes simplex 1, 3.1% had molluscum contagiosum, 4.0%mycobacterium avium complex, 2.3% pneumocystis pneumonia and the highest (30.4%) was oral thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis).Based on the Pearson chi-square test of association between socio-demographic profiles, socio-economic status, and HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections among the study participants, the following conclusions were made: there is a significant association between socio-demographic profiles and all the HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections among the study participants; there is a significant association between socio-economic status and some of the HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections among the study participants and therefore recommends the need for the development of HIV/AIDS-opportunistic infections preventive programs in Imo State.

epidemiology, HIV, AIDS, infection, opportunistic, adult, patients

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