Translational Immunology in Oncology: From Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes

Introduction: Fundamental knowledge from tumor immunology, including tumor antigenicity, mechanisms of immune evasion, and the tumor microenvironment, is informing the clinical development of immunotherapy strategies.
Methodology: Databases searched include Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science.
Foundations of Tumor Immunology: Tumors develop via mutagenesis, and mutations may lead to alterations in coding and non-coding sequences, eventually producing neoantigens that can trigger T-cell recognition.
Mechanisms Linking Immunology to Therapeutic Outcomes: Immunoediting, a process viewed as an adaptation driven equally by the immune system and tumor, leads to tumor heterogeneity. The establishment of preclinical models that adequately recapitulate the interplay between the immune system, the tumor, and the therapeutic options employed.
Translational Approaches in Oncology: Translational approaches encompass biomarker discovery, patient stratification, preclinical modelling, and clinical trial design. Successful translation of preclinical observations into routinely used clinical applications depends on data demonstrating a clear association between the putative biomarker and the desired patient benefit.
Clinical Outcomes of Immuno-Oncology Therapies: Immuno-oncology therapy has created a paradigm shift in the treatment of some advanced-stage cancers and, in certain situations, has become the standard of care. Checkpoint blockade agents can produce long-lasting responses in a subset of patients.
Challenges and Future Directions: Immune evasion appears as an important mechanism for resisting immune-mediated therapies.
Conclusion: Translational immunology seeks to integrate mechanistic knowledge of antitumor immunity with clinical outcomes following therapeutic intervention in cancer patients. Biomedical research is often divided into basic vs applied domains, but translational work crosses freely between both. Translational immunology aims to pave the way for basic to bidirectional exploration around antitumor immunity and therapy.

Immunology, Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy

1. 1) Dragani, T., Castells, A., Kulasingam, V., P. Diamandis, E., Earl, H., T. Iams, W., M. Lovly, C., P. Michiel Sedelaar, J., and A. Schalken, J. "Major milestones in translational oncology." (2016). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. 2) Suresh, S. and A. O’Donnell, K. "Translational Control of Immune Evasion in Cancer." (2021). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. 3) Thomas, Elaine M., Josephine A. Wright, Stephen J. Blake, Amanda J. Page, Daniel L. Worthley, and Susan L. Woods. "Advancing translational research for colorectal immuno-oncology." British Journal of Cancer 129, no. 9 (2023): 1442-1450. nature.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. 4) Recine, Federica, Silvia Vanni, Alberto Bongiovanni, Valentina Fausti, Laura Mercatali, Giacomo Miserocchi, Chiara Liverani et al. "Clinical and translational implications of immunotherapy in sarcomas." Frontiers in immunology 15 (2024): 1378398. frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. 5) Chew, V., Chuang, C. H., and Hsu, C. "Translational research on drug development and biomarker discovery for hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Biomedical Science (2024). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. 6) Fu, Z., Zhang, X., Gao, Y., and Fan…, J. "Enhancing the anticancer immune response with the assistance of drug repurposing and delivery systems." Clinical and Translational … (2023). wiley.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. 7) Blum, S. M., Rouhani, S. J., and Sullivan, R. J. "Effects of Immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and their treatment on antitumor immune responses." Immunological reviews (2023). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. 8) Zheng, Y., Sun, L., Guo, J., and Ma, J. "The crosstalk between ferroptosis and anti‐tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic controversy." Cancer Communications (2023). wiley.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. 9) Lu, S., Wang, C., Ma, J., and Wang, Y. "Metabolic mediators: microbial-derived metabolites as key regulators of anti-tumor immunity, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy." Frontiers in Immunology (2024). frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. 10) Lou, Shuwei, Wangying Li, Gaoqiang Wang, Huaixing Qian, and Jiahao Zhou. "Microbiome-gut-liver axis in chronic inflammation and cancer immunotherapy: Multi-omics Insights and a translational roadmap toward personalized medicine." Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology (2026): 105217. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. 11) Devaraji, Mahalakshmi, and Binoy Varghese Cheriyan. "Immune-based cancer therapies: mechanistic insights, clinical progress, and future directions." Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute 37, no. 1 (2025): 62. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. 12) Fanizzi, Fabrizio, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese, and Ferdinando D’Amico. "Targeting the unmet needs in IBD: Emerging therapies beyond biologics and small molecules." Current Opinion in Pharmacology (2025): 102577. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. 13) Jeong, K. Y. "Challenges to addressing the unmet medical needs for immunotherapy targeting cold colorectal cancer." World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology (2023). nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. 14) Al Assaad, Majd, Houssein Safa, Chiara Mercinelli, Philippe E. Spiess, Andrea Necchi, and Jad Chahoud. "Immune-based therapies for penile cancer." Urologic Clinics 51, no. 3 (2024): 355-365. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. 15) Wang, Kinsley, Alexis Leyba, and Robert Hsu. "Addressing the unmet need in NSCLC progression with advances in second-line therapeutics." Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 5, no. 6 (2024): 1297. nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. 16) Mazzilli, Sarah A., Zahraa Rahal, Maral J. Rouhani, Sam M. Janes, Humam Kadara, Steven M. Dubinett, and Avrum E. Spira. "Translating premalignant biology to accelerate non-small-cell lung cancer interception." Nature Reviews Cancer 25, no. 5 (2025): 379-392. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. 17) Marandino, Laura, Riccardo Campi, Daniele Amparore, Zayd Tippu, Laurence Albiges, Umberto Capitanio, Rachel H. Giles et al. "Neoadjuvant and adjuvant immune-based approach for renal cell carcinoma: pros, cons, and future directions." European Urology Oncology 8, no. 2 (2025): 494-509. sciencedirect.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. 18) Malak Munir, A. S., Ghazi, S., Yang, E. H., Guha, A., and Epperla…, N. "Cardiotoxicity prevention trials in the era of contemporary cancer therapies: a systematic." (2026). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. 19) Page, D., Bulua Bourla, A., Daniyan, A., Naidoo, J., Smith, E., Smith, M., Friedman, C., N. Khalil, D., Funt, S., N. Shoushtari, A., W. Overwijk, W., Sharma, P., and K. Callahan, M. "Tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy: summary of the 2014 SITC primer." (2015). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. 20) Jiani, W., Qin, T., and Jie, M. "Tumor neoantigens and tumor immunotherapies." Aging Medicine (2024). wiley.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. 21) Goloudina, Anastasia, Fabien Le Chevalier, Pierre Authié, Pierre Charneau, and Laleh Majlessi. "Shared neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy." Molecular Therapy Oncology 33, no. 2 (2025). cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. 22) Xie, Na, Guobo Shen, Wei Gao, Zhao Huang, Canhua Huang, and Li Fu. "Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy." Signal transduction and targeted therapy 8, no. 1 (2023): 9. nature.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. 23) Peri, Aviyah, Nadja Salomon, Yochai Wolf, Sebastian Kreiter, Mustafa Diken, and Yardena Samuels. "The landscape of T cell antigens for cancer immunotherapy." Nature cancer 4, no. 7 (2023): 937-954. elsevierpure.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. 24) Hao, Qing, Yuhang Long, Yi Yang, Yiqi Deng, Zhenyu Ding, Li Yang, Yang Shu, and Heng Xu. "Development and clinical applications of therapeutic cancer vaccines with individualized and shared neoantigens." Vaccines 12, no. 7 (2024): 717. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. 25) Pounraj, Saranya, Shuxiong Chen, Linlin Ma, Roberta Mazzieri, Riccardo Dolcetti, and Bernd HA Rehm. "Targeting tumor heterogeneity with neoantigen-based cancer vaccines." Cancer research 84, no. 3 (2024): 353-363. griffith.edu.au [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. 26) Killick, D. R. "Cancer Immunology." Veterinary Clinical Immunology (2025). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. 27) He, Zehua, Hong Yang, Qingfeng Chen, Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen, Huabo Qin, Wanrong He, and Zhihui Chen. "Role of TAP1 in the identification of immune-hot tumor microenvironment and its prognostic significance for immunotherapeutic efficacy in gastric carcinoma." Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 15, no. 3 (2024): 890-907. lww.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. 28) Pang, J., Yang, J., Zhu, W., Song, L., Geng, Y., and Yan, Z. "Photosensitive gel vaccine with enzyme-like properties for remodeling tumor microenvironment with STING activation for tumor synergistic therapy." Cancer Nanotechnology (2026). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. 29) Alvares-Vilela, Miriam Monteiro, Franciele Schlemmer, Sabrina Simplício de Araújo Romero Ferrari, Mary-Ann Elvina Xavier, and Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida. "Role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and miR-155 in breast cancer: Insights into carcinogenesis and their potential as prognostic biomarkers." Oncology Reports 55, no. 3 (2026): 42. spandidos-publications.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. 30) Pierini, Stefano, Rashid Gabbasov, Maria Cecilia Oliveira-Nunes, Rehman Qureshi, Alison Worth, Shuo Huang, Karan Nagar et al. "Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) sensitize HER2+ solid tumors to PD1 blockade in pre-clinical models." Nature Communications 16, no. 1 (2025): 706. nature.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. 31) Pang, J., Yang, J., Zhu, W., Geng, Y., and Yan, Z. "Photosensitive gel vaccines with enzyme-like properties for modulating tumor microenvironment with STING activation for tumor synergistic therapy." (2025). researchsquare.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. 32) Wang, Lijian, Yutong Guo, Lingchuan Ma, and Kai Miao. "Cancer Cell-Intrinsic Programs That Shape Tumor Immune Ecosystems." Cancer Biome and Targeted Therapy (2026): 84-118. cancerbiometherapy.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. 33) Guo, Xinyu, Zhongwei Zhao, Lingyi Zhu, Shuang Liu, Lingling Zhou, Fazong Wu, Shiji Fang, Minjiang Chen, Liyun Zheng, and Jiansong Ji. "The evolving landscape of biomarkers for systemic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma." Biomarker Research 13, no. 1 (2025): 60. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. 34) Apavaloaei, A., Hardy, M. P., Thibault, P., and Perreault, C. "The Origin and Immune Recognition of Tumor-Specific Antigens." (2020). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. 35) Okafor, Chinaecherem, Victor Akachukwu Ibiam, Bukola Titilayo, Chinwendu Ubani Fagbemi, and Mary Tomi Olorunkosebi. "Microbial dysbiosis and antibiotic resistance in cancer development and therapy." International Journal of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry 6, no. 1 (2024): 68-77. researchgate.net [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. 36) Eiman, Liza, Khadija Moazzam, Sumaira Anjum, Humera Kausar, Elham Abdullatif M. Sharif, and Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim. "Gut dysbiosis in cancer immunotherapy: microbiota-mediated resistance and emerging treatments." Frontiers in Immunology 16 (2025): 1575452. frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. 37) Yu, Hao, Xing-Xiu Li, Xing Han, Bin-Xin Chen, Xing-Hua Zhang, Shan Gao, Dan-Qi Xu et al. "Fecal microbiota transplantation inhibits colorectal cancer progression: Reversing intestinal microbial dysbiosis to enhance anti-cancer immune responses." Frontiers in microbiology 14 (2023): 1126808. frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. 38) Almonte, Andrew Allan, Simon Thomas, Valerio Iebba, Guido Kroemer, Lisa Derosa, and Laurence Zitvogel. "Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance." Cell Research (2026): 1-18. nature.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. 39) Kiousi, Despoina E., Antonia Z. Kouroutzidou, Konstantinos Neanidis, Emmanuel Karavanis, Dimitrios Matthaios, Aglaia Pappa, and Alex Galanis. "The role of the gut microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: current knowledge and future directions." Cancers 15, no. 7 (2023): 2101. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. 40) Wang, Huiyu, Xiaomin Niu, Zhenning Jin, Shaoxing Zhang, Rong Fan, Hua Xiao, and Shen S. Hu. "Immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities." Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 44, no. 1 (2025): 250. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. 41) Chen, Xiang-xiang, Qing Ju, Dan Qiu, Ying Zhou, Yuan Wang, Xin-xin Zhang, Jing-geng Li et al. "Microbial dysbiosis with tryptophan metabolites alteration in lower respiratory tract is associated with clinical responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer." Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 74, no. 4 (2025): 140. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. 42) Smith, C. "ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY AND THE TUMOR IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT." (2019). [PDF] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

43. 43) Sun, S., Liu, L., Zhang, J., Sun, L., Shu, W., and Yang…, Z. "The role of neoantigens and tumor mutational burden in cancer immunotherapy: advances, mechanisms, and perspectives." Journal of Hematology & … (2025). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

44. 44) Ragone, Concetta, Beatrice Cavalluzzo, Angela Mauriello, Maria Tagliamonte, and Luigi Buonaguro. "Lack of shared neoantigens in prevalent mutations in cancer." Journal of Translational Medicine 22, no. 1 (2024): 344. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

45. 45) Aparicio, Belen, Patrick Theunissen, Sandra Hervas-Stubbs, Puri Fortes, and Pablo Sarobe. "Relevance of mutation-derived neoantigens and non-classical antigens for anticancer therapies." Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 20, no. 1 (2024): 2303799. tandfonline.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

46. 46) Stern, L. J., Clement, C., Galluzzi, L., and Santambrogio, L. "Non-mutational neoantigens in disease." Nature immunology (2024). nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

47. 47) Camisaschi, C., Vallacchi, V., Vergani, E., Tazzari, M., Ferro, S., Tuccitto, A., Kuchuk, O., Shahaj, E., Sulsenti, R., Castelli, C., Rodolfo, M., Rivoltini, L., and Huber, V. "Targeting Immune Regulatory Networks to Counteract Immune Suppression in Cancer." (2016). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

48. 48) Draghiciu, O., W. Nijman, H., and Daemen, T. "From Tumor Immunosuppression to Eradication: Targeting Homing and Activity of Immune Effector Cells to Tumors." (2011). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

49. 49) Zheng, Siwei, Wenwen Wang, Lesang Shen, Yao Yao, Wenjie Xia, and Chao Ni. "Tumor battlefield within inflamed, excluded or desert immune phenotypes: the mechanisms and strategies." Experimental Hematology & Oncology 13, no. 1 (2024): 80. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

50. 50) Yan, C. and Wang, X. F. "Tumor immune evasion: Systemic immunosuppressive networks beyond the local microenvironment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025). pnas.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

51. 51) Shen, K. Y., Zhu, Y., Xie, S. Z., and Qin, L. X. "Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and prospectives." Journal of hematology & oncology (2024). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

52. 52) Gao, Fei, Xiaoqing You, Liu Yang, Xiangni Zou, and Bowen Sui. "Boosting immune responses in lung tumor immune microenvironment: A comprehensive review of strategies and adjuvants." International Reviews of Immunology 43, no. 5 (2024): 280-308. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

53. 53) Yu, J., Kong, X., and Feng, Y. "Tumor microenvironment-driven resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: strategies for Cold-to-Hot tumor transformation." Cancer Drug Resistance (2025). nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

54. 54) Gill, Gurpreet Singh, Simmi Kharb, Gitanjali Goyal, Prasenjit Das, Kailash Chand Kurdia, Ruby Dhar, and Subhradip Karmakar. "Immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment: current challenges and strategies to overcome resistance." Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 47, no. 4 (2025): 485-507. researchgate.net [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

55. 55) Efremova, M., Rieder, D., Klepsch, V., Charoentong, P., Finotello, F., Hackl, H., Hermann-Kleiter, N., Löwer, M., Baier, G., Krogsdam, A., and Trajanoski, Z. "Targeting immune checkpoints potentiates immunoediting and changes the dynamics of tumor evolution." (2018). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

56. 56) Łuksza, M., M. Sethna, Z., A. Rojas, L., Lihm, J., Bravi, B., Elhanati, Y., Soares, K., Amisaki, M., Dobrin, A., Hoyos, D., Guasp, P., Zebboudj, A., Yu, R., Kaya Chandra, A., Waters, T., Odgerel, Z., Leung, J., Kappagantula, R., Makohon-Moore, A., Johns, A., Gill, A., Gigoux, M., Wolchok, J., Merghoub, T., Sadelain, M., Patterson, E., Monasson, R., Mora, T., M. Walczak, A., Cocco, S., Iacobuzio-Donahue, C., D. Greenbaum, B., and P. Balachandran, V. "Neoantigen quality predicts immunoediting in survivors of pancreatic cancer." (2022). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

57. 57) López-Calvo, Ismael, Inés Bao-Camacho, Samuel Martín-Revuelta, Cora Rey-Souto, Anahir Franco-Gacio, José Manuel Pérez-Martínez, Iván Sandino-Somoza et al. "Long Non-Coding RNA–Derived Peptides as a Novel Source of Tumor Neoantigens: Expanding the Immunopeptidome Beyond Canonical Coding Regions." Biology 15, no. 7 (2026): 538. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

58. 58) Bhajan, Sujay Kumar, Md MN Azim, Atikur Rahman, Akhi Milon, Md Faizullah Al Numan, Rafsun Jany Rahat, Md Ataur Rahman et al. "The “Dark Matter” of Tumors: Functional Roles of Non-Coding Neoantigens in Cancer Immunity." (2026). preprints.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

59. 59) Xiang, Haitao, Xiangyu Guan, Yaohua Wei, Shuzhen Luo, Haibo Zhang, Fanyu Bu, Yixin Yan et al. "Predominant mutated non-canonical tumor-specific antigens identified by proteogenomics demonstrate immunogenicity and tumor suppression in CRC." Cell genomics 6, no. 1 (2026). cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

60. 60) Marzani, F. "Molecular characterization of an anti-cancer demethylated cellular vaccine: coding and non-coding sequencing." (2026). unisi.it [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

61. 61) Rosenberg-Mogilevsky, A., Siegfried, Z., and Karni, R. "Generation of tumor neoantigens by RNA splicing perturbation." Trends in Cancer (2025). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

62. 62) Caner, A. "Immune escape mechanism of cancer." Current Molecular Biology Reports (2024). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

63. 63) Dutta, Shovan, Anirban Ganguly, Kaushiki Chatterjee, Sheila Spada, and Sumit Mukherjee. "Targets of immune escape mechanisms in cancer: basis for development and evolution of cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors." Biology 12, no. 2 (2023): 218. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

64. 64) Ghorani, E., Swanton, C., and Quezada, S. A. "Cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms driving acquired immune tolerance." Immunity (2023). cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

65. 65) Kallingal, Anoop, Mateusz Olszewski, Natalia Maciejewska, Wioletta Brankiewicz, and Maciej Baginski. "Cancer immune escape: the role of antigen presentation machinery." Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 149, no. 10 (2023): 8131-8141. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

66. 66) Tufail, M., Jiang, C. H., and Li, N. "Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches." Signal transduction and targeted therapy (2025). nature.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

67. 67) Galassi, C., Chan, T. A., Vitale, I., and Galluzzi, L. "The hallmarks of cancer immune evasion." Cancer cell (2024). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

68. 68) van Weverwijk, A. and de Visser, K. E. "Mechanisms driving the immunoregulatory function of cancer cells." Nature Reviews Cancer (2023). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

69. 69) Isaacs, J., C. Tan, A., A. Hanks, B., Wang, X., Owzar, K., E. Herndon, J., J. Antonia, S., Piantadosi, S., and Khasraw, M. "Clinical Trials with Biologic Primary Endpoints in Immuno-oncology: Concepts and Usage." (2022). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

70. 70) Yin, Ji, Lin Xu, Shange Wang, Linshuai Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Zhenwei Zhai, Pengfei Zeng, Marcin Grzegorzek, and Tao Jiang. "Integrating immune multi-omics and machine learning to improve prognosis, immune landscape, and sensitivity to first-and second-line treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (2024): 31454. nature.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

71. 71) Piper, Miles, Harriet Kluger, Eytan Ruppin, and Siwen Hu-Lieskovan. "Immune resistance mechanisms and the road to personalized immunotherapy." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book 43 (2023): e390290. ascopubs.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

72. 72) Brown, J. R. and Sonpavde, G. "Toward a better pan-tumor predictive signature for unleashing precision immuno-oncology." Journal for Immunotherapy of … (2025). nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

73. 73) Moura, D. S., Lopez-Marti, J., Tawbi, H., and Keung…, E. "Validation of a seven-gene predictive SIGNature for the efficacy of Immuno-Oncology PD-1 inhibitors in patients with Sarcoma (SIGNIOS)." Clinical Cancer … (2026). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

74. 74) Brlek, Petar, Vedrana Škaro, Nenad Hrvatin, Luka Bulić, Ana Petrović, Petar Projić, Martina Smolić, Parth Shah, and Dragan Primorac. "Advances in Precision Oncology: From Molecular Profiling to Regulatory-Approved Targeted Therapies." Cancers 17, no. 21 (2025): 3500. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

75. 75) Desponds, Emma, Davide Croci, Victoria Wosika, Noushin Hadadi, Sara S. Fonseca Costa, Laura Ciarloni, Marco Ongaro et al. "Immuno-Transcriptomic Profiling of Blood and Tumor Tissue Identifies Gene Signatures Associated with Immunotherapy Response in Metastatic Bladder Cancer." Cancers 16, no. 2 (2024): 433. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

76. 76) Ren, F., Pang, X., Liu, N., and Zhu, L. "Multiomics evaluation and machine learning optimize molecular classification, prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy response for ovarian cancer." Pathology-Research and Practice (2025). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

77. 77) Wu, H., Yan, H., Cheng, Y., Yuan, J., and Chen, H. "Biomarkers associated with response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer." Oncologie (2026). degruyterbrill.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

78. 78) Roerden, M. and Spranger, S. "Cancer immune evasion, immunoediting and intratumour heterogeneity." Nature Reviews Immunology (2025). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

79. 79) Liu, S., Sun, Q., and Ren, X. "Novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy: counter-immunoediting therapy." Journal of hematology & oncology (2023). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

80. 80) Tsai, Chin-Hsien, Yu-Ming Chuang, Xiaoyun Li, Yi-Ru Yu, Sheue-Fen Tzeng, Shao Thing Teoh, Katherine E. Lindblad et al. "Immunoediting instructs tumor metabolic reprogramming to support immune evasion." Cell metabolism 35, no. 1 (2023): 118-133. cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

81. 81) Zeng, Shiyan, Li Wang, Wanqin Zeng, and Lei Sun. "Neoantigens in cancer immunoediting: from mechanisms to personalized vaccines in breast cancer." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 13 (2025): 1733549. frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

82. 82) Amin, Tasbir, Amana Hossain, Nusrat Jerin, Imteaz Mahmud, Md Ahasanur Rahman, S. M. Rafiqul Islam, and SM Bakhtiar UL Islam. "Immunoediting dynamics in glioblastoma: implications for immunotherapy approaches." Cancer Control 31 (2024): 10732748241290067. sagepub.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

83. 83) He, X. and Xu, C. "Immune checkpoint signaling and cancer immunotherapy." (2020). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

84. 84) Barrueto, L., Caminero, F., Cash, L., Makris, C., Lamichhane, P., and R. Deshmukh, R. "Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibition in Cancer Immunotherapy." (2020). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

85. 85) Escobar, Giulia, Katherine Tooley, Joan Pagès Oliveras, Linglin Huang, Hanning Cheng, Michelle L. Bookstaver, Camilla Edwards et al. "Tumor immunogenicity dictates reliance on TCF1 in CD8+ T cells for response to immunotherapy." Cancer Cell 41, no. 9 (2023): 1662-1679. cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

86. 86) Oliveira, G. and Wu, C. J. "Dynamics and specificities of T cells in cancer immunotherapy." Nature Reviews Cancer (2023). nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

87. 87) Luxenburger, Hendrik, Robert Thimme, and Maike Hofmann. "T cell adaptation in chronic infections and tumors." Cellular & Molecular Immunology (2026): 1-17. nature.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

88. 88) Ghiringhelli, F. and Rébé, C. "Using immunogenic cell death to improve anticancer efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: From basic science to clinical application." Immunological Reviews (2024). wiley.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

89. 89) Zhou, Zhaokai, Jiahui Wang, Jiaojiao Wang, Shuai Yang, Ruizhi Wang, Ge Zhang, Zhengrui Li, Run Shi, Zhan Wang, and Qiong Lu. "Deciphering the tumor immune microenvironment from a multidimensional omics perspective: insight into next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy and beyond." Molecular cancer 23, no. 1 (2024): 131. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

90. 90) , …, Talbaux, C., Tihista, I., Xu, M., and Guillaudeux, T. "A highly potent anti-VISTA antibody KVA12123-a new immune checkpoint inhibitor and a promising therapy against poorly immunogenic tumors." Frontiers in … (2023). frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

91. 91) Aliazis, Konstantinos, Anthos Christofides, Rushil Shah, Yao Yu Yeo, Sizun Jiang, Alain Charest, and Vassiliki A. Boussiotis. "The tumor microenvironment’s role in the response to immune checkpoint blockade." Nature cancer 6, no. 6 (2025): 924-937. nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

92. 92) Zhang, A., Fan, T., Liu, Y., Yu, G., Li, C., and Jiang, Z. "Regulatory T cells in immune checkpoint blockade antitumor therapy." Molecular cancer (2024). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

93. 93) Zhang, Meiyin, Chaojun Liu, Jing Tu, Min Tang, Milad Ashrafizadeh, Noushin Nabavi, Gautam Sethi, Peiqing Zhao, and Shijian Liu. "Advances in cancer immunotherapy: historical perspectives, current developments, and future directions." Molecular cancer 24, no. 1 (2025): 136. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

94. 94) Norian, L. and M. Allen, P. "Rapid Maturation of Effector T Cells in Tumors, but Not Lymphoid Organs, during Tumor Regression." (2007). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

95. 95) Saillard, M., Cenerenti, M., Romero, P., and Jandus, C. "Impact of Immunotherapy on CD4 T Cell Phenotypes and Function in Cancer." (2021). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

96. 96) Christodoulou, Maria-Ioanna, and Apostolos Zaravinos. "Single-cell analysis in immuno-oncology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (2023): 8422. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

97. 97) Patel, Tulsi D., Venkata Gangadhar Vanteddu, and Bawari Sweta. "Current trends in immuno-oncology." Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly 21, no. 2 (2023): 96-107. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

98. 98) Sanromán, Ángel Fernández, Kroopa Joshi, Lewis Au, B. Chain, and Samra Turajlic. "TCR sequencing: applications in immuno-oncology research." Immuno-Oncology and Technology 17 (2023): 100373. sciencedirect.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

99. 99) Kumagai, Shogo, Kota Itahashi, and Hiroyoshi Nishikawa. "Regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression orchestrated by cancer: towards an immuno-genomic paradigm for precision medicine." Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 21, no. 5 (2024): 337-353. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

100. 100) Patel, C. H. and Powell, J. D. "Immune cell metabolism and immuno-oncology." Annual Review of Cancer Biology (2023). annualreviews.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

101. 101) Ricker, Cora A., Kevin Meli, and Eliezer M. Van Allen. "Historical perspective and future directions: computational science in immuno-oncology." Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer 12, no. 1 (2024): e008306. nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

102. 102) Altun, Izzet, Yusuf M. Demirlenk, Dila Atar, Enes Cevik, Seyda Gunduz, Hassan Albadawi, and Rahmi Oklu. "Advances and challenges in interventional immuno-oncology locoregional therapies." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 35, no. 2 (2024): 164-172. sciencedirect.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

103. 103) Shou, M., Zhou, H., and Ma, L. "New advances in cancer therapy targeting TGF-β signaling pathways." Molecular Therapy-Oncolytics (2023). cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

104. 104) Villar, Víctor H., Tijana Subotički, Dragoslava Đikić, Olivera Mitrović-Ajtić, Felipe Simon, and Juan F. Santibanez. "Transforming growth factor-β1 in cancer immunology: opportunities for immunotherapy." Advances in Molecular Pathology (2023): 309-328. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

105. 105) Ahuja, S. and Zaheer, S. "Multifaceted TGF‐β signaling, a master regulator: From bench‐to‐bedside, intricacies, and complexities." Cell Biology International (2024). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

106. 106) Hou, F., Xiao, J., Wang, H., Xiao, K., Yang, W., and Zhao…, D. "Alveolar macrophage-derived TGF-β promotes acute lung injury recovery by regulating inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages." Journal of Advanced … (2025). sciencedirect.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

107. 107) Park, Sei Hyun, Ryounho Eun, Janghun Heo, and Yong Taik Lim. "Nanoengineered drug delivery in cancer immunotherapy for overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment." Drug Delivery and Translational Research 13, no. 7 (2023): 2015-2031. researchsquare.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

108. 108) Bai, Lizhi, Yu Wang, Guanyi Li, Yi Song, Yongliang Yu, and Rongbin Tang. "YEATS2/TAK1 axis mediates TGF-β1 driven adaptive resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2026): 153693. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

109. 109) Stojanovic, Ana, Sebastiano Giorgetta, David Vonhören, Eva I. Krieghoff-Henning, Michael Platten, Sonja Loges, Sonia Tugues, and Adelheid Cerwenka. "TISSUE-SPECIFIC SPATIAL REGULATION OF INNATE IMMUNE CHECKPOINTS IN CANCER." Cancer Discovery (2026). [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

110. 110) Feng, Q. S., Shan, X. F., Yau, V., Cai, Z. G., and Xie, S. "Facilitation of Tumor Stroma-Targeted therapy: model difficulty and Co-Culture organoid method." Pharmaceuticals (2025). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

111. 111) K. Chimal-Ramírez, G., A. Espinoza-Sánchez, N., and M. Fuentes-Pananá, E. "Protumor Activities of the Immune Response: Insights in the Mechanisms of Immunological Shift, Oncotraining, and Oncopromotion." (2013). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

112. 112) Zhao, H., Wu, L., Yan, G., Chen, Y., Zhou, M., Wu, Y., and Li, Y. "Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention." (2021). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

113. 113) Zou, Z., Lin, H., Li, M., and Lin, B. "Tumor− associated macrophage polarization in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment." Frontiers in oncology (2023). frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

114. 114) Sezginer, O. and Unver, N. "Dissection of pro-tumoral macrophage subtypes and immunosuppressive cells participating in M2 polarization." Inflammation Research (2024). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

115. 115) Saeed, A. F. "Tumor-associated macrophages: polarization, immunoregulation, and immunotherapy." Cells (2025). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

116. 116) Wei, Guohao, Bin Li, Mengyang Huang, Mengyao Lv, Zihui Liang, Chuandong Zhu, Lilin Ge, and Jing Chen. "Polarization of Tumor Cells and Tumor‐Associated Macrophages: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets." MedComm 6, no. 9 (2025): e70372. wiley.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

117. 117) Grover, Amit, Evgenii N. Tcyganov, and Dmitry I. Gabrilovich. "Myeloid Cell Reprogramming and Immune Suppression." Annual Review of Physiology 88 (2025). annualreviews.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

118. 118) Basak, Udit, Tania Sarkar, Sumon Mukherjee, Sourio Chakraborty, Apratim Dutta, Saikat Dutta, Debadatta Nayak, Subhash Kaushik, Tanya Das, and Gaurisankar Sa. "Tumor-associated macrophages: an effective player of the tumor microenvironment." Frontiers in immunology 14 (2023): 1295257. frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

119. 119) Momčilović, Sanja, Maja Milošević, Dušica M. Kočović, Dragana Marković, Darko Zdravković, and Sanja Vignjević Petrinović. "Macrophages at the Crossroads of Chronic Stress and Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 14 (2025): 6838. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

120. 120) Huang, Ruizhe, Ting Kang, and Siyu Chen. "The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion." Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 150, no. 5 (2024): 238. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

121. 121) Andrews, M., Reuben, A., Gopalakrishnan, V., and A. Wargo, J. "Concepts Collide: Genomic, Immune, and Microbial Influences on the Tumor Microenvironment and Response to Cancer Therapy." (2018). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

122. 122) Aghamajidi, A. and Maleki Vareki, S. "The Effect of the Gut Microbiota on Systemic and Anti-Tumor Immunity and Response to Systemic Therapy against Cancer." (2022). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

123. 123) Wang, Fayuan, Weidong Chen, Yingtian Jia, Tao He, Siyi Wu, Jiahui Xiang, Rui Chen et al. "Gut microbiota reshapes the tumor microenvironment and affects the efficacy of colorectal cancer immunotherapy." Cancer Medicine 14, no. 12 (2025): e70994. wiley.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

124. 124) Frąk, M., Grenda, A., Krawczyk, P., Milanowski, J., and Kalinka, E. "Interactions between dietary micronutrients, composition of the microbiome and efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients." Cancers (2022). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

125. 125) Yu, Xin, Wenge Li, Zhi Li, Qi Wu, and Shengrong Sun. "Influence of microbiota on tumor immunotherapy." International Journal of Biological Sciences 20, no. 6 (2024): 2264. nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

126. 126) Fernandes, Miriam R., Poonam Aggarwal, Raquel GF Costa, Alicia M. Cole, and Giorgio Trinchieri. "Targeting the gut microbiota for cancer therapy." Nature Reviews Cancer 22, no. 12 (2022): 703-722. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

127. 127) Guo, Ciliang, Lingkai Kong, Lingjun Xiao, Kua Liu, Huawei Cui, Qilei Xin, Xiaosong Gu, Chunping Jiang, and Junhua Wu. "The impact of the gut microbiome on tumor immunotherapy: from mechanism to application strategies." Cell & Bioscience 13, no. 1 (2023): 188. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

128. 128) Yousefi, Y., Baines, K. J., and Vareki, S. M. "Microbiome bacterial influencers of host immunity and response to immunotherapy." Cell Reports Medicine (2024). cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

129. 129) Davis, J. C. and Waltz, S. E. "The MET family of receptor tyrosine kinases promotes a shift to pro-tumor metabolism." Genes (2024). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

130. 130) Linossi, Edmond M., Carla A. Espinoza, Gabriella O. Estevam, James S. Fraser, and Natalia Jura. "Autoregulation of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase by its intracellular juxtamembrane domain." Biochemical Journal 482, no. 24 (2025): 1859-1875. portlandpress.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

131. 131) Gadiyar, Varsha, Gopi Patel, Jesse Chen, Dominico Vigil, Nan Ji, Veronica Campbell, Kirti Sharma et al. "Targeted degradation of MERTK and other TAM receptor paralogs by heterobifunctional targeted protein degraders." Frontiers in immunology 14 (2023): 1135373. frontiersin.org [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

132. 132) Khan, Noreen A., Athira C. Rajeev, Althaf Mahin, Athira Perunelly Gopalakrishnan, Prathik Basthikoppa Shivamurthy, Nazah Naurah V, Alimath Sambreena, and Rajesh Raju. "Decoding the Evolution and Co-Phospho-Regulatory Networks of SHROOM Proteins." Journal of Molecular Evolution (2026): 1-25. [HTML] [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

133. 133) Yu, Shanshan, Cheng Chen, Ming Chen, Jinxiao Liang, Kecheng Jiang, Bin Lou, Jun Lu, Xiaohua Zhu, and Donghui Zhou. "MAGOH promotes gastric cancer progression via hnRNPA1 expression inhibition-mediated RONΔ160/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation." Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 43, no. 1 (2024): 32. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

134. 134) Zada, A., Lv, M., and Li, J. "Molecular lesions in BRI1 and Its orthologs in the plant kingdom." International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2024). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

135. 135) Tanim, K. M., Alisha Holtzhausen, Aashis Thapa, Justus M. Huelse, Douglas K. Graham, and H. Shelton Earp. "MERTK inhibition as a targeted novel cancer therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14 (2024): 7660. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

136. 136) V. Masucci, G., Cesano, A., Hawtin, R., Janetzki, S., Zhang, J., Kirsch, I., K. Dobbin, K., Alvarez, J., B. Robbins, P., R. Selvan, S., Z. Streicher, H., H. Butterfield, L., and Thurin, M. "Validation of biomarkers to predict response to immunotherapy in cancer: Volume I — pre-analytical and analytical validation." (2016). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

137. 137) Yuan, J., S. Hegde, P., Clynes, R., G. Foukas, P., Harari, A., O. Kleen, T., Kvistborg, P., Maccalli, C., T. Maecker, H., B. Page, D., Robins, H., Song, W., C. Stack, E., Wang, E., L. Whiteside, T., Zhao, Y., Zwierzina, H., H. Butterfield, L., and A. Fox, B. "Novel technologies and emerging biomarkers for personalized cancer immunotherapy." (2016). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

138. 138) Passaro, Antonio, Maise Al Bakir, Emily G. Hamilton, Maximilian Diehn, Fabrice André, Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri, Giannis Mountzios, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Charles Swanton, and Solange Peters. "Cancer biomarkers: Emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment." Cell 187, no. 7 (2024): 1617-1635. cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

139. 139) Das, S., Dey, M. K., Devireddy, R., and Gartia, M. R. "Biomarkers in cancer detection, diagnosis, and prognosis." Sensors (2023). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

140. 140) Chiu, F. Y. and Yen, Y. "Imaging biomarkers for clinical applications in neuro-oncology: current status and future perspectives." Biomarker research (2023). springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

141. 141) Purkayastha, Kakali, Ruby Dhar, Karthikeyan Pethusamy, Tryambak Srivastava, Abhishek Shankar, Goura Kishor Rath, and Subhradip Karmakar. "The issues and challenges with cancer biomarkers." Journal of cancer research and therapeutics 19, no. Suppl 1 (2023): S20-S35. lww.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

142. 142) Radaic, Allan, Pachiyappan Kamarajan, Alex Cho, Sandy Wang, Guo‐Chin Hung, Fereshteh Najarzadegan, David T. Wong, Hung Ton‐That, Cun‐Yu Wang, and Yvonne L. Kapila. "Biological biomarkers of oral cancer." Periodontology 2000 96, no. 1 (2024): 250-280. wiley.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

143. 143) Clark, A. J. and Lillard Jr, J. W. "A comprehensive review of bioinformatics tools for genomic biomarker discovery driving precision oncology." Genes (2024). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

144. 144) Asleh, Karama, Valerie Dery, Catherine Taylor, Michelle Davey, Marie-Ange Djeungoue-Petga, and Rodney J. Ouellette. "Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology." Biomarker research 11, no. 1 (2023): 99. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

145. 145) Volesky-Avellaneda, Karena D., Samantha Morais, Stephen D. Walter, Thomas R. O’Brien, Allan Hildesheim, Eric A. Engels, Mariam El-Zein, and Eduardo L. Franco. "Cancers attributable to infections in the US in 2017: a meta-analysis." JAMA oncology 9, no. 12 (2023): 1678-1687. jamanetwork.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

146. 146) Ao, Ting, Nan Wu, Yingxiu Huang, Ming Hu, Peng Zhen, and Wentao Ni. "Associations between infectious agents and subsequent cancer risk: a longitudinal analysis from the UK Biobank." International Journal of Surgery 112, no. 3 (2026): 6826-6836. lww.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

147. 147) Ou, Ling, Hengrui Liu, Chang Peng, Yuanjing Zou, Junwei Jia, Hui Li, Zhong Feng, Guimin Zhang, and Meicun Yao. "Helicobacter pylori infection facilitates cell migration and potentially impact clinical outcomes in gastric cancer." Heliyon 10, no. 17 (2024). cell.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

148. 148) Chen, Yilin, Yuhong Huang, Wei Li, Teng Zhu, Minyi Cheng, Cangui Wu, Liulu Zhang, Hao Peng, and Kun Wang. "Intratumoral microbiota-aided fusion radiomics model for predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer." Journal of translational medicine 23, no. 1 (2025): 352. springer.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

149. 149) Chen, Yilin, Lu Yang, Yuhong Huang, Teng Zhu, Liulu Zhang, Minyi Cheng, Cangui Wu et al. "Intratumoral microbiota predicts the response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer." Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 13, no. 4 (2025): e010365. nih.gov [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

150. 150) Hut, Alexandru-Romulus, Eugen Radu Boia, Diana Para, Gheorghe Iovanescu, Delia Horhat, Loredan Mikša, Maria Chiriac, Raphaël Galant, Alexandru Catalin Motofelea, and Nicolae Constantin Balica. "Laryngeal cancer in the modern era: evolving trends in diagnosis, treatment, and survival outcomes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 10 (2025): 3367. mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

151. 151) Roy, R. and Singh, S. K. "The microbiome modulates the immune system to influence cancer therapy." Cancers (2024). mdpi.com [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Measuring Waste of Patient Time in Health Care at Non-Digitized Hospital: An Observational Study in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh
• Reaffirming Clinical Confidence in Atorvastatin Therapy: A Digital Outreach Case Study from Tamil Nadu, India
• Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Response in a Patient with Hypothyroidism: A Case Report
• Eranda (Ricinus Communis) In Gridhrasi (Sciatica): Classical Rationale, Pharmacology and Clinical Evidence- A Narrative Literature Review
• Magnetotherapy in Pain Management: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives – A Review