Trust Dynamics in AI-Driven Virtual Assistants: A Cross-Cultural Study of User Confidence and Adoption
Authors
Lecturer, Southern Delta University, Ozoro and Researcher, Federal University of Technology, Akure (Nigeria)
Data Scientist, Hamplus Technologies International [Hamplus Hub], Abraka (Nigeria)
Researcher, Delta State University, Abraka (Nigeria)
Data Controller, Southern Delta University, Ozoro (Nigeria)
Article Information
DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI.2025.1210000167
Subject Category: Artificial Intelligence
Volume/Issue: 12/10 | Page No: 1899-1905
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2025-10-16
Accepted: 2025-10-22
Published: 2025-11-13
Abstract
Trust is a central factor influencing the adoption and sustained use of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies, particularly virtual assistants such as Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, and Cortana. These systems have become increasingly integrated into daily life, yet their acceptance is not uniform and often hinges on users’ trust. This study applied convenience sampling to investigate users’ trust in virtual assistants through a descriptive survey of 500 respondents distributed via Google Forms. The survey explored users’ levels of trust in AI technologies, preferred platforms, and factors influencing trust. Results show that 58% of respondents reported trusting AI-enabled machines, with Google Assistant being the most widely used (56%) and most trusted (89%) virtual assistant.
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence
Downloads
References
1. Akazue, Maureen; Onovughe, Anthonia; Omede, Edith; Hampo, JohnPaul A. C. (2023). Use of Adaptive Boosting Algorithm to Estimate User’s Trust in the Utilization of Virtual Assistant Systems. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 8(1), 502–507. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Glikson, Ella; Woolley, Anita W. (2020). Human trust in artificial intelligence: Review of empirical resarch. Academy of Management Annals, 14(2), 627–660. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Hoff, Kara; Bashir, Muhammad (2014). Trust in automation: Integrating empirical evidence on factors that influence trust. Human Factors, 57(3), 407–434. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Lankton, Saenger, Christina; Kuchmaner, Christina A.; & Bateman, Patrick J. (2024). Betrayed by AI: How perceived betrayal by a virtual assistant affects consumers’ purchase intentions for recommended products. Journal of Business Research, 185, Article 114940. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Ling, E. C.; Tussyadiah, Iis; Liu, A.; Stienmetz, J. (2023). Perceived intelligence of artificially intelligent assistants for travel: Scale development and validation. Annals of Tourism Research. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Mayer, R. C.; Davis, James H.; Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Xiong, Y.; Shi, Y.; Pu, Q.; Liu, N. (2023). More trust or more risk? User acceptance of artificial intelligence virtual assistant. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 34(3), 190–205. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Choung, H., David, P., & Ross, A. (2022). "Trust in AI and its role in the acceptance of AI technologies." International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2050543 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Gillespie, N., Lockey, S., Ward, T., Macdade, A., & Hassed, G. (2025). Trust, attitudes and use of artificial intelligence: A global study 2025. The University of Melbourne and KPMG. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26188/28822919 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Gautam, M., Rattanmeek, K., Supratik, M., & Poorvi, Y. (2025). Responsible AI in Practice: Ensuring Fairness and Trust. Aapti Institute [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Dang, Q. & Li, G. (2025). Unveiling trust in AI: the interplay of antecedents, consequences, and cultural dynamics. AI & Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-025-02477-6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Emmanouil, P., Patrick, M. & Kieran, C. (2025). Responsible artificial intelligence governance: A review and research framework. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems. 34(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2024.101885 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Radanliev, P. (2025). AI Ethics: Integrating Transparency, Fairness, and Privacy in AI Development. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2463722 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Afroogh, S., Akbari, A., Malone, E. et al. (2024). Trust in AI: progress, challenges, and future directions. Humanity Social Science Communication, 11, 1568. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-02404044-8 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. O’Higgins, B., & Fatorachian, H. (2025). Consumer trust in artificial intelligence in the UK and Ireland’s personal care and cosmetics sector. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2469765 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Oliver, S. & Martin, R. (2025). The transparency dilemma: How AI disclosure erodes trust, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Volume 188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2025.104405. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Sarah, J.D., Anna, W. & Greg, H. (2025). Shifting attitudes and trust in AI: Influences on organizational AI adoption. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Volume 215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124108 . [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Steve, F., Susanne, H., Jeff, L., Michael, S., & Sayantani, M. (2025, September 25). In the gen AI economy, consumers want innovation they can trust. Deloitte Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications.https://www.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/telecommunications/connectivity-mobile-trendssurvey.html [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Chris, P. (2025, July 24). Global trust in AI Assistants grows, but human touch paramount. Artificial Intelligence, News. https://www.techdigest.tv/2025/07/global-trust-in-ai-assistants-grows-but-humantouch-paramount.html [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Iris, G., Yael, B. & Ilan, M.Z. (2025). The key role of design and transparency in enhancing trust in AI-powered digital agents. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. Volume 10, Issue 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100770 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing Library Services in Nairobi: Ethical Implications and Future Trends in User Interaction
- ESPYREAL: A Mobile Based Multi-Currency Identifier for Visually Impaired Individuals Using Convolutional Neural Network
- Comparative Analysis of AI-Driven IoT-Based Smart Agriculture Platforms with Blockchain-Enabled Marketplaces
- AI-Based Dish Recommender System for Reducing Fruit Waste through Spoilage Detection and Ripeness Assessment
- SEA-TALK: An AI-Powered Voice Translator and Southeast Asian Dialects Recognition