Antecedents and Potential Consequences of a Carbon Tax: An Analysis of Integrated Mediation in Enhancing Sustainability in Energy and Mining Companies in Indonesia

This study analyzes the impact of the Potential Carbon Tax on corporate sustainability in Indonesia’s energy and mining sectors for the 2020–2024 period. Using path analysis on 100 samples, the results show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Carbon Emission Disclosure (CED), and Environmental Performance significantly reduce the Potential Carbon Tax. Conversely, the Potential Carbon Tax positively impacts corporate sustainability, serving as a catalyst for green business transformation. Mediation analysis reveals that the potential carbon tax provides partial mediation for CSR and full mediation for environmental performance, though it does not mediate CED. These findings suggest that management should integrate environmental agendas into financial strategies to mitigate fiscal risks and enhance sustainability value.

Corporate Social Responsibility, Carbon Emission Disclosure, Environmental Performance, Carbon Tax Potential

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