Nutrition and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects an estimated 589 million adults worldwide, and diet is central to both its prevention and management. The evidence base has expanded rapidly since the 2019 American Diabetes Association nutrition consensus.
Objective: To review current evidence on nutrition and dietary factors in the prevention and management of T2D in adults, emphasising literature published from 2022 onward.
Methods: Structured narrative review of guidelines, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials and large prospective cohort studies identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library (2015 to September 2026).

Weight reduction and high-quality dietary patterns remain the foundation

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