Modelling and Analysis of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Fundamental Excitation

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in high-performance drive applications owing to their high power density, efficiency, and dynamic response. However, conventional PMSM drives rely on shaft-mounted position sensors, which increase system cost and maintenance requirements. This paper presents the modelling and MATLAB/Simulink simulation of a sensorless PMSM drive using fundamental excitation and an adaptive speed estimator based on Popov’s hyper-stability theory. The motor is modelled in the synchronously rotating d–q reference frame, with Clarke and Park transformations used to convert three-phase quantities. Space-vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) is employed for inverter switching. The drive is evaluated under forward and reverse speed commands at 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 1500 rpm. The simulation results show that the estimated rotor speed closely follows the reference and actual speed responses across the investigated operating conditions. The direct-axis current also remains close to zero during steady-state operation, indicating appropriate d–q current regulation. These findings support the feasibility of the proposed sensorless estimation approach within the simulated operating range. However, experimental validation and further testing under parameter variations, measurement noise, and load disturbances are required to assess its robustness and practical applicability.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor; sensorless control; speed estimation

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