Mind Supersedes Age, Conquering Incapabilities of Social Potential – A Blow to Social Prejudices as Reflected in the Novel “The Old Man and The Sea”
Authors
MA in English Language Teaching (ELT), Master of governance and Development Studies (MGDS), BA Hons, MA in English Literature (Bangladesh)
Article Information
DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI.2025.1210000354
Subject Category: Arts and Humanities
Volume/Issue: 12/10 | Page No: 4111-4139
Publication Timeline
Submitted: 2025-11-05
Accepted: 2025-11-11
Published: 2025-11-24
Abstract
Man is the mastermind of all social constructs, keeping pace with the share and distribution of the resources though in scarcity. As a man is grown up into materials maturity, his metaphysical and spiritual vigour can either vapourize him into dust or solidify him into the hardihood of survival. Santiago the aged man in the novel “The Old Man and The Sea” reflects the significance of being old in the construction of socio-economic stature. His unending passion of living a simple but dignified life in the capitalist society points to the self-help associating life, which is impeded under the capital led super structure. He is a member of such a power dominating society that being inactive in the excuse of agility is accepted under criticism of delinquency between the old and the young. The research tries to explore the immenseness of nature with grandeur provision to its major agent – human being. Nature loves and blesses those ever active persons as spiritual bond. Santiago the fisherman is neither a famous person nor a family bringer of his own. He is a lonely person which is somewhat trivial to all the neighbors but a boy Manolin who wants to learn fishing from him. A society under income discrimination can snare at its aged member of his inactiveness to be a burden. But the boy realizes the vigor and stamina the old man has to navigate himself in the ocean. What the article tries to dig out is the legacy of human activities to cohere the socio-economic status for the existence of human beings, and the ecology of society. Does Santiago at any time of his presence in the novel imply in any of his activities that he becomes aged and burdensome? Does he really? He has the power of self-dignity for which none but nature and God love him to go actively forward. He does not find noticeable fishes, but he is not disappointed. He believes in the steadiness of work as the blessing of God. Finally, he catches an enormous fish ever to his joyfulness which is a blow to those snaring at him. On his way back home, he brings not the flesh but the bones – a satire to the disrespectful and capitalistically blind society. Who knows that the enormous fish if anchored on the shore could be the root cause of more greediness and chaos for its major share and distribution? Finally, Nature does both to the old man – disappoints him for not bringing the flesh to the shore and pacifies him for not standing him into the massive chaos in greediness, thus establishing him a social critique.
Keywords
Santiago, Aging and Cognitive Agency
Downloads
References
1. Hemingway, E. (1952). The old man and the sea. New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
2. Muhammad, A. J. (2015). A structural study of Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea through dual oppositions. International Journal of Literature and Arts, 3(6), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijla.20150306.15 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
3. Burhans, C. S., Jr. (1960). The tragic hero and the common man in The Old Man and the Sea. American Literature, 32(2), 187–195. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
4. Josephs, A. (1973). The hero in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. University of Alabama Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
5. Althusser, L. (1971). Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (Notes towards an investigation). In B. Brewster (Trans.), Lenin and philosophy and other essays (pp. 121–176). New Left Books. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
6. Beauvoir, S. de. (1972). The coming of age (P. O’Brian, Trans.). Putnam. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
7. Gullette, M. M. (2004). Aged by culture. University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
8. Derrida, J. (1976). Of grammatology (G. C. Spivak, Trans.). Johns Hopkins University Press. (Original work published 1967) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
9. Glotfelty, C. (1996). Introduction: Literary studies in an age of environmental crisis. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The ecocriticism reader: Landmarks in literary ecology (pp. xv–xxxviii). University of Georgia Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
10. Bloom, H. (1999). Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Chelsea House. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
11. Khdairi, I. M. (2024). The power of reminiscence in The Old Man and the Sea. Journal of the College of Basic Education, 1(عدد خاص), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v1iعدد خاص.11778 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
12. Sadaf, S., & Kayany, U. (2025). Exploring the theme of masculinity and emotional vulnerability in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Journal of Applied Linguistics & TESOL, 8(1). https://jalt.com.pk/index.php/jalt/article/view/429 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
13. Zhang, Z. (2019). On Hemingway’s ecological ethic in The Old Man and the Sea. International Journal of English, Literature & Social Science, 4(4), 28–35. https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/28IJELS-AUG-2019-2-OnHemingway.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
14. Carstensen, L. L. (1995). Evidence for a life span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(5), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512261 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
15. Masten, A. S. (2014). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
16. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Harvard University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
17. Standing, G. (2011). The precariat: The new dangerous class. Bloomsbury Academic. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
18. Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. Inquiry, 16(1–4), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201747308601682 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
19. Glotfelty, C. (1996). Introduction: Literary studies in an age of environmental crisis. In C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm (Eds.), The ecocriticism reader (pp. xv–xxxviii). University of Georgia Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
20. Umaña Chaverri, J. O. (1987). Notas para una lectura de El viejo y el mar. Letras, (13–14), xx–xx. Universidad Nacional. https://revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/letras/article/view/4852 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
21. Huamán Villavicencio, M. Á. (2018–2019). Hemingway: El viejo y un mar de palabras. Letras (Lima), 63, xx–xx. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. https://doi.org/10.30920/letras.63.91.7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
22. Rahayu, L. M. (2024). Differences in perception and diction on two translations Lelaki Tua dan Laut from Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Jurnal Humaniora, xx(x), xx–xx. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.22284 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
23. Al-Najjar, F. A., & Bahumaid, S. A. (2024). Sentence structure in multiple translations of Hemingway’s novel The Old Man and the Sea: A contrastive syntactic-semantic study. Al-Adab Journal, xx(x), xx–xx. https://doi.org/10.31973/j0yb7t70 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
24. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
25. Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
26. Baker, C. (1952). Hemingway: The writer as artist. Princeton University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
27. Farooqui, R. (2021). An analysis of Santiago’s character in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3871683 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
28. Han, Q. (2015). New discussion about “Cannot Be Defeated”—Read The Old Man and the Sea from the perspective of ecocriticism. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 196–199. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.312022 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
29. Lamichhane, H. K. (2017). Voice against subjugation of non-human world in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Rural Development Journal, 2(1), 62–70. https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/rdj/article/view/67289 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
30. Sandamali, K. P. S. (2015, December). Symbolism in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 127–129. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
31. Shahwan, S. J. (2019). A Lacanian study of Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330876546_A_Lacanian_Study_of_Hemingway's_The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
32. Young, P. (1966). Ernest Hemingway: A reconsideration. Pennsylvania State University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
33. Ott, M. P. (2012). The Old Man and the Sea. In S. Donaldson (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Ernest Hemingway (pp. 131–145). Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
34. Reynolds, M. (2014). Hemingway and the labor of creation. University of Wisconsin Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
35. Tyler, L. (2001). Student companion to Ernest Hemingway. Greenwood Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
36. Baker, C. (1952). Hemingway: The writer as artist. Princeton University Press [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
37. Gurko, L. (1968). Ernest Hemingway and the pursuit of heroism (pp. 159–174). Thomas Y. Crowell Company. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
38. Brooks, C. (1947). The well wrought urn: Studies in the structure of poetry. Harcourt, Brace and Company. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
39. Lukács, G. (1971). The meaning of contemporary realism (J. & N. Mander, Trans.). Merlin Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
40. Sylvester, B. (1970). Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea: A critical study. University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
41. Young, P. (1966). Ernest Hemingway: A reconsideration. University of Michigan Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
42. Gurko, L. (1955). The Old Man and the Sea. College English, 17(1), 11–15. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
43. Waldmeir, J. J. (1962). Confiteor hominem: Ernest Hemingway’s religion of man. In R. P. Weeks (Ed.), Hemingway: A collection of critical essays (pp. 161–168). Prentice Hall. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
44. Benson, J. J. (1989). Hemingway: The writer’s art of self defense. University of Nebraska Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
45. Lentricchia, F. (1983). Modernist quartet. Cambridge University Press [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
46. Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
47. Lyotard, J. F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (G. Bennington & B. Massumi, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
48. Camus, A. (1991). The myth of Sisyphus (J. O’Brien, Trans.). Vintage International. (Original work published 1942) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
49. Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays (M. Holquist, Ed.; C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans.). University of Texas Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
50. Baker, C. (1969). Hemingway: The writer as artist. Princeton University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
51. Søfting, I. A. (2024). “Everything kills everything else in some way”: An ecocritical reading of human–nonhuman relationships in The Old Man and the Sea. English Studies, 105(7), 1157–1174. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
52. Burhans, Clinton S. Jr. “The Old Man and the Sea: Hemingway’s Tragic Vision of Man.” American Literature, vol. 31, no. 4, Jan. 1960, pp. 446 455. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
Metrics
Views & Downloads
Similar Articles
- A Journey Through Craceland: Micro-Ecological Breakdown in Jim Crace’s Being Dead
- The Introvert’s Toolkit
- Explore the Potential Benefits of Popularizing Ink Wash Painting Art Style in Video Games
- “An Worthwhile Review of Niosmes”
- Consumer Behaviour Towards Clothing Brands: Role of Fashion Bloggers and Influencers