Review Paper on Advanced Floating Robotic System for Water Quality Monitoring

Among all the emerging global environmental issues, the deterioration of water quality is of prime importance because it directly affects human health, aquatic ecosystems, and industrial processes. Traditional methods of manual sampling and laboratory-based analysis have intrinsic limitations due to high labor costs, low sampling frequency, and no real-time insights. As a result of recent developments within autonomous systems, IoT, and embedded sensing technologies, the development of advanced floating robotic systems with the capability of continuous automated monitoring of water bodies has been possible. These can integrate multi-parameter sensors, wireless data communication, GPS navigation, and intelligent processing units for collection and transmission of key water quality indicators like pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and conductivity.
This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the technological evolution, design methodologies, and current state-of-the-art floating robotic platforms for water quality monitoring. The study will analyze the strengths and limitations of several sensor configurations, communication protocols, power management techniques, and robotic designs adopted in recent research. It further discusses the major challenges: environmental interference, sensor calibration issues, biofouling, power limitations, and long-term deployment constraints. By comparing the existing systems and identifying technological gaps, this paper looks into future opportunities comprising AI-based predictive analytics, low-cost sensor innovations, energy harvesting, and fully autonomous navigation. Conclusively, the study finds that floating robotic systems hold great promise for transforming real-time water quality assessment and thereby offering substantial support toward sustainable water resource management.

Floating robotic system, Water quality monitoring, IoT sensors, Autonomous navigation, Environmental monitoring

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