Diversity of Edible Gastropods in Mangrove Forest of Bengkalis Island, Malacca Strait, Indonesia

Gastropods are a group of mollusks widely distributed and abundant in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments, and many even live on land. Marine gastropods primarily serve as food for other animals, are significantly help recycle nutrients, and enhance the activity of changing the physical structure of the sediment. Gastropods are important for improving the nutrition and economy of coastal communities. However, overexploitation and habitat destruction have threatened marine gastropod populations. This study aims to determine the diversity of edible gastropods in the coastal waters of Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. Four stations were purposively selected around the island, those are Teluk Lancar (St. 1) at east part, Skodi (St. 2) at south, Perepat Tunggak (St. 3) at west, and Selat Baru (St. 4) at north part of the island. A total of 27 edible gastropod species were identified from the families of Potamididae, Neritidae, Ellobiidae, Bursidae, Littorinidae, Naticidae, Clavatulidae, Melongenidae, Muricidae. Based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the diversity of edible gastropods in the four coastal waters divisions of Bengkalis Island is in the low to moderate category (H' = 0.2-2.4). With that, it is highly recommended that conservation should be prioritized to preserve these natural biological resources.

Edible Gastropod; Biodiversity; Bengkalis Island, Indonesia.

1. Abbott, R. T., & Zim, H. S. (1985). Seashells of the world: A guide to the better-known species. Golden Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Bouchet, P., & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia, 47(1–2), 1–397. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15921988 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Chan, S. Y. (2010). A new record of a terrestrial snail family in Peninsular Malaysia. Occasional Molluscan Papers, 2, 5–8. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Dang, V. T., Benkendorff, K., Green, T., & Speck, P. (2015). Marine snails and slugs: A great place to look for antiviral drugs. Journal of Virology, 89(16), 8114–8118. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00299-15 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Ernawati, N. M. D., Triyanto, & Suwasono, R. A. (2024). Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 25(1), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250118 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Georgiev, D. G., & Stoycheva, S. B. (2009). The mollusks and their habitats in Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mts. (Southern Bulgaria). Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 8, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Hamli, H., Idris, M. H., Kamal, A. H. M., & Wong, S. K. (2012). Diversity of edible mollusc (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) at selected division of Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2(4), 276–278. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.2.4.202 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Idris, M. H., Arshad, A., Japar Sidik, B., Daud, S. K., & Mazlan, A. G. (2008). New distribution record of two pen shells (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) from the seagrass beds of Sungai Pulai Johore, Malaysia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 8(5), 882–888. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.882.888 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Imamsyah, A., Arthana, I. W., & Astarini, I. A. (2020). The influence of physicochemical environment on the distribution and abundance of mangrove gastropods in Ngurah Rai Forest Park Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(7), 3178–3188. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210740 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Kabir, M., Abolfathi, M., Hajimoradloo, A., Zahedi, S., Kathiresan, K., & Goli, S. (2014). Effect of mangroves on distribution, diversity and abundance of molluscs in mangrove ecosystem: A review. AACL Bioflux, 7(4), 286–300. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Kanakaraju, D., & Arfiziah, A. (2009). Accumulation and depuration of lead and chromium using Nerita lineata. World Applied Sciences Journal, 6(9), 1205–1208. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Luo, X., Yu, R.-C., Wang, X.-J., & Zhou, M.-J. (2012). Toxin composition and toxicity dynamics of marine gastropod Nassarius spp. collected from Lianyungang, China. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 29(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2011.615069 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Martínez-Hernández, L., López-Vera, E., & Aguilar, M. B. (2024). Peptide toxins from marine Conus snails with activity on potassium channels and/or currents. Toxins, 16(12), Article 504. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16120504 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Merly, S. L. (2020). Study of abundance and edible parts (Bydd) of the sea snail (Gastropods) in mangrove ecosystem at Lampu Satu Beach and Payum Beach, Merauke District. International Joint Conference on Science and Technology, 1(1), 28–35. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Nijman, V. (2019). Souvenirs, shells, and the illegal wildlife trade. Tropical Conservation Science, 39(2), 282–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082919865040 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Paul, C. P. K. (2011). Management of mangrove forest of Sarawak. Sarawak Forestry. http://www.sarwakforestry.com/pdf/hj7-wetland10.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Peng, C., Yao, G., Gao, B. M., et al. (2016). High-throughput identification of novel conotoxins from the Chinese tubular cone snail (Conus betulinus) by multi-transcriptome sequencing. Giga Science, 5, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-016-0122-9 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Ponte, G., & Modica, M. V. (2017). Salivary glands in predatory mollusks: Evolutionary considerations. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 580. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00580 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Retnaningdyah, C., Nurcahyono, H., & Rahmadani, A. I. (2024). Tropical gastropod density and diversity in the mangrove forest of Totobo Village, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. ResearchGate Preprint. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Safavi-Hemami, H., et al. (2015). δ-Conotoxin SuVIA suggests an evolutionary link between ancestral predator defence and the origin of fish-hunting behavior in carnivorous cone snails. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1817), 20150817. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0817 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. Shahrbabak, M. S., Erfani, M., & Ardakani, T. (2021). Variety of gastropods biodiversity associated with natural and anthropogenic factors in mangrove forests located at border of Iran and Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(4), 989–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02887-7 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. Supian, Z., & Ikhwanuddin, A. M. (2002). Population dynamics of freshwater molluscs (Gastropod: Melanoides tuberculata) in Crocker Range Park, Sabah. ASEAN Review of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC), 1–9. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. World Register of Marine Species. (2023). WoRMS taxon details. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=208939 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Xu, X., Wu, J., Yang, Y., et al. (2018). Operculum of a water snail is a hydrodynamic lubrication sheet. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 15, 471–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-018-0040-1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Yap, C. K., Hisyam, M. N. D., Edward, F. B., Cheng, W. H., & Tan, S. G. (2010). Concentration of heavy metal in different parts of the gastropod, Faunus ater (Linnaeus), collected from intertidal areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 33(1), 45–60. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Zaidi, C. C., Aziz, A., Hanafi, M. I., Japar Sidik, B., & Mazlan, A. G. (2008). Sexual polymorphism in a population of Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) at Merambong Shoal, Malaysia. Zoological Studies, 47(3), 318–325. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Development of a Metadata Quality Index (MQI) for Bathymetric Data Assessment in Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure