A Comparative Constitutional Study of the Doctrine of Separation of Powers: A Critical Analysis of India, the United Kingdom, and the United States

This paper provides an in-depth examination of the concept of separation of powers in India, the UK, and the US. It explores the historical development and evolution of the separation of powers doctrine in these countries, considering its theoretical foundations and practical implications. The paper conducts a comparative analysis of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers in India, the UK, and the US, highlighting similarities and differences in their respective systems. Special attention is given to the role of the judiciary in safeguarding the separation of powers and ensuring accountability. The constitutional provisions and mechanisms that establish and protect the separation of powers are explored, with a particular focus on checks and balances. The paper also delves into the challenges and controversies surrounding the separation of powers in these three countries, addressing potential threats and shortcomings. Finally, drawing insights from the comparative study, the paper offers valuable lessons and implications for enhancing the separation of powers in India, with relevance to other jurisdictions. By examining these aspects, this paper aims to deepen our understanding of the separation of powers as a crucial component of democratic governance and shed light on its practical application in different contexts.

1. Separation of powers 2. Executive 3. Legislative 4. Judiciary 5. Comparative study 6. United States 7. United Kingdom 8. India

1. Efendi, A. (2018). An Overlapping Legislative Authority: Parliament versus the Indonesian Constitutional Court. , 5, 50-69. https://doi.org/10.22304/PJIH.V5N1.A3. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Montesquieu. (1989). The spirit of the laws (A. M. Cohler, B. C. Miller, & H. S. Stone, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1748) [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Ward, L. (2007). Montesquieu on Federalism and Anglo-Gothic Constitutionalism. Publius-the Journal of Federalism, 37, 551-577. https://doi.org/10.1093/PUBLIUS/PJM018. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Ackerman, B. (2000). The new separation of powers. Harvard Law Review, 113(3), 633–729. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Basu, D. D. (2022). Introduction to the Constitution of India (26th ed.). LexisNexis. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Steunenberg, B. (1991). Congress, Bureaucracy, and Regulatory Policy-making. Journal of Law Economics & Organization, 8, 673-694. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Dicey, A. V. (1959). Introduction to the study of the law of the constitution (10th ed.). Macmillan. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Wade, H. W. R., & Forsyth, C. F. (2014). Administrative law (11th ed.). Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Wade, H. W. R., & Forsyth, C. F. (2014). Administrative law (11th ed.). Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. AIR 1967 SC 1643. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. Appeal (civil) 887 of 1975. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. AIR 1955 SC 549. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Sweet, A. (2002). Constitutional Courts and Parliamentary Democracy. West European Politics, 25, 100 - 77. https://doi.org/10.1080/713601586. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Turpin, C., & Tomkins, A. (2011). British government and the constitution (8th ed.). Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Khaitan, T. (2020). Constitutional resilience and the separation of powers. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 40(1), 1–29. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Sengupta, A. (2012). Reforming the Indian judiciary: Limiting judicial power. Indian Journal of Constitutional Law, 6, 35–62. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Routh, S. (2009). Constitutionalism and the separation of powers in the Indian context. NUJS Law Review, 2(1), 15–34. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• Conflict of Law in the Safeguarding of Malaysian Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Way Forward
• Alternative Dispute Resolution in India: A Brief Overview Justice Delayed is Justice Denied. - William E. Gladstone
• The Role of Museums in Safeguarding Cultural Heritage Rights: Balancing Access and Repatriation
• An Evaluation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights' Significance and Application in Nigeria
• The Role of International Law in Shaping National Immigration Policies.