Governance and Women in Politics: A Case Study of Kogi State, Nigeria

Authors

Aisha Sani

Department of International Relations and Diplomatic Studies, Ave Maria University (Nigeria)

Michael E. Ibanga

Department of Political Science and Diplomacy, Veritas University (Nigeria)

Article Information

DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI.2026.1303000241

Subject Category: Political Science

Volume/Issue: 13/3 | Page No: 2769-2783

Publication Timeline

Submitted: 2026-03-08

Accepted: 2026-03-14

Published: 2026-04-22

Abstract

The incessant low levels of women’s participation in leadership is often attributed primarily to patriarchal dominance. In developing countries like Nigeria, this aspect of the social system in which the woman’s role and status are relatively recognized to be of less importance to those of a man across political, social, and economic life affects the ability of women to ascend governance positions. This study investigates the involvement and participation of women in governance in Nigeria, using Kogi State as a case study. The study is anchored on the Feminist Theory, which refers to public support and belief in equal rights for women on the grounds of gender equality. Four research questions were formulated for the study. A quantitative method was adopted for the study using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using simple percentage, frequency distribution table, mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed, among others, that the current level of women’s representation in governance in Kogi State has not been effective overtime, and that gender roles significantly influence women’s representation in Kogi State. The study concludes that women’s participation in governance has positive implications for promoting gender equality, inclusive policymaking and improved social and development outcomes. Increasing women’s representation in governance is an important requirement for sustainable development in Kogi State and Nigeria as a whole. The study therefore recommends awareness campaigns and advocacy programmes, as well as implementation of available laws by governments, stakeholders and political parties that will be effective in promoting women’s participation in governance in Kogi State.

Keywords

Women. Governance. Politics. Kogi State. Nigeria

Downloads

References

1. Agbiji, O., & Omede, A. (2019). Women's Representation in Nigerian Politics: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Gender Studies, 28(3), 257-270. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. Anyango, B. O., Alupo, B. A., & Opoku, M. P. (2018). Women in politics in Kenya: An analysis of participation and barriers. Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies, 7(1), 1505-1530. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Asuako, J. (2020). Women’s Participation in Decision Making: Why it Matters. United Nations Development Programme. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Bauer, G., & Okeke-Uzodike, U. (2018). Women's Representation in Governance and Policy-Making in Africa. Journal of African Politics, 17(2), 147-163. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Biegon, J. (2016). Gender and political processes in Kenya. Strathmore University. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. Canada [Government of Canada] (2023). Action area policy: inclusive governance [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. https://www.international.gc.ca/world monde/issues_developmentenjeux_developpement/prioritiespriorites/fiap_inclusive governancepaif_gouvernance_inclusive.aspx?lang=eng [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP). (2020). Supporting Women Candidates. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Corrigall, E. A., &. Konrad, A. M. (2007). Gender role attitudes and careers: A longitudinal study. Sex Roles, 56, 847–855. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. European Centre for Development Policy Management [ECDPM] (2021). Position paper on Inclusive Governance. ECDPM. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. EU-SDGN II, 2023, Where are the Women? Nigeria 2023 Female Candidacy Analysis. An ElectHer publication under the European Union Support to Democratic Governance in Nigeria Programme [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Global Volunteers (2023a). The global role of women – caregivers, conscience, farmers, educators and entrepreneurs. https://globalvolunteers.org/global-role-of-women [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. History.com Editors. (2022). Feminism. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/feminism-womens-history [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). (2020). Quotas for Women in Politics [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). (2020). Women’s Political Empowerment. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Inter-Parliamentary Union (2023). Women in national parliaments. https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking?month=1&year=2023 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). (2020). Women in Parliament. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Jones, K. C. & Budig, M. J. (2008). Feminist Theory. Encyclopedia of Social Problems. Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259694665_Feminst_Theory [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Korir, G. & Amunga, H. (2021). Women’s participation in governance and political processes in Kenya: Threats and proposed remedies. IARS International Research Journal, vol. 11(2), 46-54. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Mintel, S.B. (2023). What of women in the 2023 elections? Retrieved from https꞉//www.sbmintel.com/2023/01/what of women in the 2023 elections/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

21. National Democratic Institute (NDI). (2020). Women's Leadership Programs. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

22. O’Neil, T., Plank, T. & Domingo, P. (2015). Literature review: Support to women and girls’ leadership: A rapid review of the evidence. London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI). [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

23. Ojo, O. (2020). Women's Political Participation in Kogi State, Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Nigerian Studies, 19(1), 1-18. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

24. Okeke-Ihejirika, P. (2018). Negotiating Power and Privilege: Nigerian Women's Experiences in politics. Journal of Women's Studies, 27(1), 1-16 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

25. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). (2020). Preventing and Addressing Violence Against Women in Politics. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

26. Owuor, E. (2016). Women and political inclusion in Kenya: A historical overview, 1963-2016. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

27. Pasque & Wimmer (2021). An Introduction: Feminists Perspectives. Retrieved on 06/07/2023 from https://myacpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Feminist_Theoretical_Perspectives_pasque_wimmer_REV.pdf [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

28. Ringera, K. (2017). Tracking the political leadership ceiling in Kenya: The 2017 general election and women. McCain Institute Arizona State University. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

29. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2022). Feminist Philosophy. Retrieved on 05/07/2023 from https://plato.standard.edu/entries/feminist-philosophy/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

30. Statistica. (2022). Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments in Africa as of 2022, by country. Retrieved, from
 https꞉//www.statista.com/statistics/1248493/percentage of women in national parliaments in african countries/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

31. UN Women (2023). Facts and figures: Women’s leadership and political participation. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

32. https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/leadership-and-politicalparticipation/ facts-and-figures [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

33. UN Women (2023b). Women in local governance. https://localgov.unwomen.org/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

34. UN. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

35. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2020). Human Development Report. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

36. United Nations Economic and Social Council [UN-ECOSOC] (2021). Women’s full and effective participation and decision-making in public life, as well as the elimination of violence, for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. UN-ECOSOC. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

37. United Nations. (1995). Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

38. Women's Democracy Network (WDN). (2020). Building Coalitions for Women's Empowerment. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

39. World Bank. (2020). Women in Local Government. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

40. World Bank. (2020). Women in Politics: A Global Review. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

41. World Bank. (2020). Women in Politics: A Global Snapshot. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

42. World Economic Forum (WEF). (2020). Global Gender Gap Report. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

Metrics

Views & Downloads

Similar Articles