Analgesic Activity of Ethylacetate Fraction from Methanolic Extract of Daucus Carota Seeds in Rats

Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds with analgesic and anti inflammatory potential. Daucus carota (carrot) seeds contain phenolics and flavonoids, which are known to contribute to antioxidant and pain modulating effects. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and analgesic activity of the ethylacetate fraction of the methanolic extract of Daucus carota seeds. Seeds were defatted with petroleum ether and extracted with methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The ethylacetate fraction was subjected to phytochemical screening, TLC analysis, and quantification of phenolics and flavonoids using Folin Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. Analgesic activity was evaluated in Wistar rats using tail flick and hot plate methods at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, with ibuprofen as the standard drug. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and carbohydrates. The ethylacetate fraction showed high phenolic (98.08 ± 0.916 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (124.17 ± 3.441 mg QE/g) content. In both tail flick and hot plate models, the fraction significantly increased reaction times compared to control, demonstrating analgesic activity comparable to ibuprofen. The ethylacetate fraction of Daucus carota methanolic extract exhibits significant analgesic activity, likely mediated via central mechanisms. These findings support the traditional use of carrot seeds in pain management and warrant further studies for isolation and characterization of active constituents.

Daucus carota, Analgesic, Tail flick, Hot plate, fractionation

1. Ismail, J.; Shebaby, W.N.; Daher, J.; Boulos, J.C.; Taleb, R.; Daher, C.F.; Mroueh, M. The Wild Carrot (Daucus carota): A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review. Plants 2024, 13, 93. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

2. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13010093 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

3. Wassim Nasri S. Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities of Wild Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. carota) Oil and its Fractions. 2014. PhD Thesis, University of Surrey. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

4. Sarkar N, Kodihally AKV, Shamnewadi A. Exploring the anticonvulsant potential of Daucus carota L.: A combined in silico and in vivo study for epilepsy therapy development. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine. 2025; 15: 100610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100610 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

5. Anyigor-Ogah O, Anyigor-Ogah CS, Eteudo AN, Njoku CO, Idika IM, Otakpo C, Ekechi AN, Okezie NO. Effects of Daucus carota Ethanolic Leaf Extract in Cadmium-Induced Toxicity on the Oxidative Stress Markers in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex of Adult Wistar Rats. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 2025; 10(8): 850-858. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

6. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25aug264 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

7. Tripathi S, Bhawar S. Pharmacological Evaluation of Daucus carota for its Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Allied Science. 2025; 4(11): 45-59 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

8. Singh DP, Mishra B, Mishra R. Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Annona squamosa L. Leaf Extract in Mice and Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2012; 4(3): 182-185. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

9. Sahira Banu K, Cathrine L. General Techniques Involved in Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences. 2015; 2(4): 25-32 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

10. Ansari AQ, Ahmed SA, Waheed MA, Sayyed JA. Extraction and determination of antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera Dunal. European Journal Experimental Biology. 2013, 3(5): 502-507. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

11. http://www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

12. Tiwari P, Joshi A, Dubey BK. Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration, antimicrobial and insecticidal screening of aqueous extracts of Annona squamosa (seeds), Azadirachta indica (leaves) and Lavandula angustifolia (flower). Journal of Pharmacology and Biomedicine. 2017; 1(1): 30-43. jpbiomed.com/archive/jpbiomed/archives/total-phenolic-content-flavonoid-concentration-ant/ [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

13. Fan S-H, Ali NA, Basri DF. Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of the Methanol Extract from the Galls of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/976764 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

14. Eddy NB, Leimback D. Synthetic analgesic II. Diethlenyl butenyl and dithienyl butylamines. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1953: 107, 385–393. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

15. Tripathi KD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, 5th edition, 2004. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

16. Shreedhara CS, Vaidya VP, Vagdevi HM, Latha KP, Muralikrishna KS, Krupanidhi AM. Screening of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2009; 41 (2): 75–79. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

17. Wigdor S, Wilcox GL. Central and systemic morphine-induced antinociception in mice: contribution of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1987; 242 (1): 90–95. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

18. Chapman CR, Casey KL, R. Dubner, K. M. Foley, R. H. Gracely, and A. E. Reading, “Pain measurement: an overview. Pain, 1985; 22 (1): 1–31. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

19. Chapman CR, Casey KL, Dubner R, Foley KM, Gracely RH, Reading AE. Pain measurement: an overview. Pain, 1985; 22(1): 1–31. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

20. Gupta M, Mazumdar UK, Gomathi P. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Galega purpurea root. International Journal of Pharmacology, 2007; 3(3): 210–218. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]

• QbD Approach to Hplc Method Development and Validation of the Simultaneous Estimation of Sulbactum and Durlobactum in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
• A Review on an Evaluation of a Liposomal Hydrogel for Combined Minoxidil and Tretinoin Delivery in Androgenetic Alopecia
• Qualitative Screening and Analysis of Lunasia amara Blanco (Tawal-ulad) Ethanolic Leaves Extract as Potential Anti-Angiogenic Inhibitors Using the Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay on Mallard Duck Embryo
• A Comprehensive Review on Calotropis Procera on Its Analgesic Activity
• Formulation, Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Curcumin Loaded Liposome for Colon Drug delivery