High-Prevalence Energy Drink Use among Nigerian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Motivations, Dependency Indicators, and Self-Reported Adverse Effects

Background: Energy drink (ED) consumption is rapidly increasing among university students, with potential implications for dependency and adverse health outcomes due to high caffeine and sugar content. This study assessed the prevalence, motivations, dependency indicators, and self-reported adverse effects of ED consumption among Nigerian university students.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 542 university students across Nigeria using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests to explore links between demographic factors, awareness, and consumption.
Results: More than half of respondents (52.8%) currently use energy drinks, mostly to boost energy or improve performance (61.2%). Although 88.9% were aware of health risks, many showed signs of dependency such as cravings (38.5%) or a perceived need to drink (37.1%). Males and younger adults consumed more frequently. Interestingly, non-consumers reported higher rates of some symptoms like headaches and palpitations, possibly due to self-selection bias.

Conclusion: Energy drink use is highly prevalent among Nigerian university students and largely driven by academic and performance-related motivations. Despite high awareness of risks, dependency signs persist. Targeted health education and regulatory measures are needed to reduce potential health risks.

Energy drinks; caffeine dependency; awareness; university students; Nigeria

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