IoT-Based Smart Irrigation: Sensor-Driven Automation with Real-Time App Interface

An improved IoT-based smart irrigation system using Arduino UNO, soil moisture sensor, LM35 temperature sensor, and YF-S201 water flow sensor was developed. The system automates irrigation by activating the water pump when soil moisture drops below 30% and stopping it at 100%. Additional features include a mobile app (FarmBuddy, built with Kotlin) for remote monitoring, manual pump control, and water usage tracking; an I2C LCD for local display; and Bluetooth communication. Using developmental research and experimental validation, the system was tested for sensor accuracy, pump control, and overall functionality. The flow sensor achieved ±1.2% accuracy. Testing under dry and manually activated conditions confirmed reliable real‑time monitoring, stable operation, and efficient water conservation. The system reduces water waste, minimizes manual labor, and improves irrigation efficiency for small‑scale agriculture.

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