Prevalence of Oral Lesions among HIV-Positive Patients in Ijebu Ode

Oral lesions are prevalent in HIV positive individuals and serve as important markers of immune depression and progression of disease. The study was carried out at the General Hospital Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria with the aim of evaluating the prevalence of oral lesions, relationship of oral lesions with immune status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, risk factors in 76 HIV positive patients enrolled into study. Descriptive study design was adopted, retrospective examination of patients records and clinical examinations were performed. The study results revealed that 90.8% of the patients studied stated that they had had recurrent oral lesions, while 94.8% gave a positive response on being confirmed by experts’ diagnosis. These lesions affect the quality of life of the patients suffering from it. (Talking and Mastication, 85.4%). Oral candida and periodontal diseases were found to be the most prevalent oral lesions which correlate with the low CD4 cell counts (χ² = 42.64) and p = 0.0002, with the recurrent oral lesions found in the 53.95% of Disease patients with CD4 cell count of 200-350 cells/mm³. Strict compliance with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimen (77.63%) application is found to reduce the prevalence of oral lesions in study population (χ²= 125.74, p = 0.005). However, 19.74% of patients expressed broken adherence to anti-retroviral therapy regimen. Risk factors determining the presence of oral lesions in study population include: (91.9%) poor oral hygiene, (92.1%) smoking or alcoholics use, (71.1%) diet, (71.1%) stress and (90.8%) co-infections. However good oral hygiene practices exist amongst the patients (50%) brushing their teeth regularly twice a day, this is however found to be inadequate. The high burden of oral lesions among HIV Aids patients in settings with limited resources is also reiterated. There is therefore the need for integrated oral health care management among HIV positive patients. Regular dental examinations is therefore recommended to be done. Anti-retroviral therapy support compliance encouragement through counseling, counselling and Reminders is additionally proposed to enhance adherence among the patients. Community emphasis on better knowledge education and oral hygiene application improvement is vital for solving the factors of life style which present risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary for Synergy and Collaboration in the areas of managing at the various levels involving HIV specialists, dentists and nutritionists towards reducing incidence of oral lesions and improving health care outcomes in this population in study.

Dental Health

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