Species Richness and Diversity of Butterflies and Moths (Order: Lepidoptera) in Warana University Complex, Warananagar

Lepidoptera, comprising butterflies and moths, are among the most diverse groups of insects and serve as important pollinators, herbivores, prey, and ecological indicators of habitat quality. A preliminary survey was conducted to assess the species richness and diversity of Lepidoptera in the Warana University Complex, Warananagar, Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India. The study was carried out between June 2025 and May 2026 across different habitat types, including landscaped gardens, avenue plantations, grasslands, agricultural fields, and semi-natural vegetation within the university campus. Field observations were made using line transect surveys, visual encounter methods, opportunistic sampling, and light trapping for nocturnal moths. Species were identified using standard taxonomic keys and field guides.

Lepidoptera, butterflies, moths, species richness

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