Awareness and Risk Factors of Colorectal Polys of Selected Adults in Imo State Nigeria

Awareness and Risk Factors of Colorectal Polys of Selected Adults in Imo State Nigeria

Bright Ugochukwu Ibe*; Evangeline T. Oparaocha; Joachim Nwaokoro
Department of Public Health, School of Postgraduate Studies, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State Nigeria
*Corresponding Author

DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2023.10503

Received: 29 April 2023; Revised: 09 May 2023; Accepted: 13 May 2023; Published: 04 June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
One of the greatest health issues in the world is colorectal cancer. It was formerly believed that this illness only affected residents of industrialized nations; however, recent research has shown a growing prevalence in underdeveloped nations. The majority of individuals in Nigeria report their cases at a stage when curative resection is not feasible; hence, increasing understanding and awareness of early symptoms as well as early detection techniques and screening tools have been highlighted as crucial for greater success.
Aim
This study elucidated the awareness, knowledge, and risk factors of colorectal polyps among studied adults aged 40–65 years of age in Imo State, Nigeria.
Methods
The sample of the study comprised a thousand (1000) adults drawn through a multistage sampling selection method and included urban and rural dwellers in selected communities in Imo State, Nigeria. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection for awareness, knowledge, and risk factors for colorectal polyps. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17 was used for analysis.
Results
Findings showed that more than half of the respondents (62.5%) were aware of colorectal polyps; however, factors such as lack of funds (34.8%), inaccessibility to screening services (24.0%), absence of screening facilities (24.5%), and passive behavior towards screening service providers (31.8%) in healthcare centers affected regular screening among participants. Respondents possessed good knowledge of colorectal polyps, although there is a need for thorough sensitization on the risk factors of colorectal polyps, especially lifestyle behaviors. People who smoked more cigarettes per day were found to be more likely to develop colorectal polyps (AHR 1.878; 95% CI 1.018–3.463; P = 0.044) than those who smoked less (AHR 1.811; 95% CI 1.003–3.270; P = 0.049). The study found that subjects with both smoking and drinking habits had a significantly higher risk for colorectal polyps (AHR 2.073; 95% CI 1.196–3.593; P = 0.009) than non-smokers and those who drank fewer alcoholic drinks.
Conclusion
Relevant educational and screening interventions are required to promote early detection and management of colorectal polyps among adults in Imo State, Nigeria.

Keywords: colorectal carcinoma, screening, knowledge, risk factors, adults, Nigeria

INTRODUCTION

Colorectal polyps are the major cause of colon cancer morbidity and mortality throughout the world (IARC 2002). Undetected colorectal polyps constitute a major public health concern globally, with an estimated 1.2 million new cases, almost 8% becoming malignant, and over 630,000 deaths per year (CDC, 2019). Throughout the world, there has been growing evidence that, not only is the incidence of colorectal polyps changing, but distribution patterns also seem to be changing (Kamangar et al., 2006; Jemal et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2010). Statistics in Sub-Saharan Africa show that colorectal polyps, which are malignant, have become a major source of morbidity and mortality (Kamangar et al., 2006). Recent studies showed that the incidence of malignant colorectal polyps is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa

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