Cardiocurative Effect of the Seed of Tetracarpidium Conophorum (African Walnut) on Wistar Rats with Doxorubicin Induced Myocardial Infarction
- December 1, 2020
- Posted by: RSIS Team
- Categories: IJRIAS, Medical Sciences
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | Volume IV, Issue XI, November 2020 | ISSN 2454–6186
Anyanwu, G.E1*, Ezugwu, N.S2, Esom, E.A3
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
2,3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Parklane, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the cardiocurative effect of the seed of Tetracarpidium Conophorum extract on wistar rats with doxorubicin-induced myocardial infarction. Herbal drugs are used widely even when their biologically active compounds are unknown, probably because of their effectiveness, lesser side effects and affordability. The result of this study will provide harmless and affordable remedy for cardiotoxicity and other oxidative stress induced diseases. Twenty adult wistar rats (140 – 330g) of both sexes were divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Each group had four rats. Group A, B, C, D, and E represented groups treated with food only, doxorubicin only, (doxorubicin + 6% walnut of feed), (doxorubicin + 12% walnut of feed) and (doxorubicin + Enalapril) respectively. Cardiotoxicity was induced by the cumulative administration of 15mg/kg doxorubicin intraperitoneally during the first alternate seven days (1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day). After the treatment period of forty-two days, blood samples and hearts were collected for biochemical and histopathological studies respectively. Serum enzyme and lipid profile were checked. There was significant increase (p < 0.05) in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein with significant decrease (p < 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein in the group induced with doxorubicin without additional treatment when compared with the Tetracarpidium Conophorum and Enalapril treated groups. This observation was supported by histopathological report. The repeated administration of doxorubicincaused toxic damage to the myocardium. But treatment with the Tetracarpidium Conophorum significantly restored (p < 0.05) the myocardium from the toxic damage. Treatment with Enalapril produced the best abatement, followed by the 12% walnut of the feed intake.
KEY WORDS: Curative, Tetracarpidium conophorum, wistar rats, doxorubicin-induced, cardiotoxicity.
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Some of the modern anti-cancer drugs like doxorubicin are associated with myocardial infarction (Asensio-López et al., 2017, Bishop and Liu, (2017, Fernandez-Chas et al., 2018). Consequently, significant myocardial necrosis and heart failure result due to reduced blood supply to the heart during the prolonged use and/or misuse of these anti-cancer drugs (Pecoraro et al., 2016). In view of this, the present study has investigated the cardiocurativeeffect of Tetracarpidium Conophorum (African Walnut) on the wistar rats with doxorubicin induced myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is the acute condition of necrosis of the myocardium that occurs due to imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial demand.Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of disability and premature death in the world, and accounts for a large proportion of global deaths from all causes (Dos Santos et al., 2018). Oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between the generation of oxidants and the antioxidant defence capacity of the body, has been proposed to play important role in the development and progression of myocardial infarction and heart failure (Fernandez-Chas et al., 2018, Guo et al., 2018).Doxorubicin is a member of the Anthracycline drug family, and one of the most frequently used anti-tumor agents, having a variety of therapeutic potency against most of the human tumors, including soft tissue sarcoma, breast cancer, small cell carcinoma of the lung and acute leukemias. This drug is a recombinant IgG mono-clonal antibody that binds to the human epidermal growth factor receptor protein and is used for treatment of breast cancer that over-expresses this growth factor. Its usefulness is limited by the risk of developing myocardial infarction due to its immune suppressive activity (He et al., 2018).
